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Russell, Brenda, Shane W. Kraus, Kristine M. Chapleau e Debra Oswald. "Perceptions of Blame in Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the Perpetrator’s Ability to Arouse Fear of Injury in the Victim". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, n.º 5 (3 de maio de 2016): 1089–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516646999.
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Men are more likely to be blamed more for intimate partner violence (IPV) than are women who commit the same offense. However, because men are typically stronger and perceived as more physically aggressive than women are, perpetrator sex is confounded with masculinity and the ability to arouse fear in the victim. This study disentangled the construct of gender in understanding bystanders’ attributions of blame in IPV. Participants ( N = 639) read a scenario in which the perpetrator’s sex (male/female) and gender identity (masculine/feminine), and the victim’s sex (male/female) were manipulated and rated how much they blamed the perpetrator and the perpetrator’s ability to arouse fear of injury in the victim. Results showed that male perpetrators (regardless of gender identity) who assaulted a female victim were attributed the most blame and were perceived as having the greatest ability to arouse victim fear. In contrast, feminine female perpetrators were attributed the least blame and perceived as arousing the least victim fear regardless of the victim’s gender. Furthermore, controlling for the perpetrator’s ability to arouse fear in the victim resulted in the elimination of the interaction effects for blame. This finding suggests that perpetrators’ ability to arouse fear is an underlying factor in bystanders’ attributions of blame.
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Vaes, Jeroen, Noemi Orabona, Özge Muslu e Margherita Piazza. "The tethered humanity hypothesis among victims of interpersonal harm: The role of apologies, forgiveness, and the relation between self-, other-, and meta-perceptions of humanity". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 25, n.º 8 (dezembro de 2022): 2021–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13684302221101317.
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When interpersonal harm is inflicted, victims stop seeing themselves as fully human. The tethered humanity hypothesis proposes that victims restore a full human status when perpetrators undertake attempts at reconciliation and victims manage to reestablish the humanness of their perpetrators. In two studies, we tested this hypothesis and manipulated the perpetrators attempts at apologizing for their misconduct. Participants were either included or socially excluded and received a full or self-exonerating apology or a hostile message when they were excluded. Results indicated that victims dehumanized themselves and their ostracizers when they were socially excluded and managed to regain a full human status and rehumanized their perpetrators when a full apology was uttered. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that different humanness judgments (self, other, and meta-humanness) become tethered only when perpetrators apologized, while forgiving the perpetrator always correlated with the rehumanization of the self regardless of the perpetrator’s apology.
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Dunnage, Jonathan. "Perpetrator memory and memories about perpetrators". Memory Studies 3, n.º 2 (26 de março de 2010): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698009355672.
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Lockamyeir, Robert F., Curt A. Carlson, Alyssa R. Jones, Alex R. Wooten, Maria A. Carlson e Jacob A. Hemby. "One perpetrator, two perpetrators: The effect of multiple perpetrators on eyewitness identification". Applied Cognitive Psychology 35, n.º 5 (18 de junho de 2021): 1206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.3853.
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Chasteen, Alison L., Michelle Horhota e Jessica Crumley-Branyon. "PERCEPTIONS OF PERPETRATORS OF AGEISM". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (novembro de 2019): S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.308.
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Abstract What are the consequences for perpetrators who engage in different types of ageism? We compared young (n=316), middle-aged (n=464), and older adults’ (n=273) perceptions of a perpetrator who engaged in an ageist action. Participants read a vignette about a pedestrian (the perpetrator) offering unwanted help to an older woman crossing the street. We manipulated the ageism type (benevolent or hostile), the reaction of the older target (acceptance, moderate confrontation or strong confrontation) and assessed the overall impression of the perpetrator. Main effects emerged for Ageism Type and Age Group. Overall, participants rated the perpetrator more positively in the benevolent condition compared to the hostile condition. Middle-aged and older adults rated the perpetrator more positively than young adults did. A Time x Confront interaction suggested that the perpetrator’s overall impression was not impacted when the target of the ageist act accepted the action or moderately confronted the perpetrator. In contrast, when the target confronted the perpetrator strongly, the overall impression of the perpetrator decreased. An Ageism Type x Age Group x Time interaction on overall impression also emerged. There were no age differences when the perpetrator committed a hostile act of ageism. In contrast, in the benevolent condition young and older adults perceived the perpetrator more negatively after the target’s reaction, whereas middle-aged adults did not adjust their impression. Taken together, these results suggest that young and older adults may be less accepting of benevolent ageism compared to middle-aged adults.
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Ayala, Erin E., Brandy Kotary e Maria Hetz. "Blame Attributions of Victims and Perpetrators: Effects of Victim Gender, Perpetrator Gender, and Relationship". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, n.º 1 (11 de agosto de 2015): 94–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515599160.
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Although research has been conducted on rape myth acceptance (RMA) and other factors associated with attribution formation, researchers have not yet determined how the combination of such factors simultaneously affects levels of victim blame and perpetrator blame. The current investigation recruited 221 students from an all-women’s college to examine differences in blame attributions across RMA, victim gender, and perpetrator gender, and the relationship between the two parties (i.e., stranger vs. acquaintance). Results suggested that RMA, victim gender, and perpetrator gender account for a significant amount of variance in blame attributions for both victims and perpetrators. In sum, victim blame with female perpetrators was relatively consistent across levels of RMA, but increased substantially for male perpetrators as individuals endorsed higher levels of RMA. Perpetrator blame, however, was highest with male perpetrators when individuals endorsed low levels of RMA and lowest for male perpetrators when individuals endorsed relatively higher levels of RMA. Findings demonstrate the continued influence of RMA on blame attributions for both victims and perpetrators, and the stigma faced by male victims. More research is needed on the differing attributions of male and female victims and perpetrators, as well as differing attributions based on type of relationship. Such research will lead to a better and more thorough understanding of sexual assault and rape.
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Chan, Athena Chung Yin, e Marlene Stum. "Elder Family Financial Exploitation: The Complexity of Roles and Family Context". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1435.
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Abstract Despite elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) being recognized as the most prevalent type of elder abuse, little is known about the family context in which it occurs. To-date most EFFE research has focused on understanding the profiles of one victim and one perpetrator in reported cases. Informed by Family Systems Theory, this study offers new insight into the range and complexity of EFFE victim and perpetrator roles, family structures (relationship types across generations) and living arrangements. A mixed-methods dataset from a sample of non-perpetrator/non-victim concerned family members who experienced EFFE (most unreported to authorities) was utilized to map and analyze 23 family system genograms. The findings reflect four overall profiles when organized by the number of victim(s) and perpetrator(s) in each involved family system including: Single victim, single perpetrator (n=7), Single victim, multiple perpetrators (n=12), Two victims, single perpetrator (n=1), and Two victims, multiple perpetrators (n=3). Across the 4 profiles, most primary perpetrators moved in to live with the elder victims. For Single victim, single perpetrator cases, remarried spouses, as well as parent/adult child relationships in nuclear families with 2-3 adult children emerged. For Single victim, multiple perpetrators, up to five family perpetrators from 3 different nuclear families were involved, including adult children, their in-laws, and grandchildren as a common combination of perpetrators. The findings suggest EFFE is more complex than often assumed, involving multiple perpetrators and victims, and family relationship types beyond older parent/adult child. Implications for reframing risk profiles, assessment tools, and family-focused intervention strategies are discussed.
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de Roos, Melissa S., e Shelby R. Curtis. "Predictors of Skeptical Responses to Disclosures of Childhood Sexual Abuse". Violence and Victims 36, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 808–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-20-00029.
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Victims of Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) may be met with skeptical responses when they disclose their experience. The fear of such a response means that most victims delay telling anyone about the abuse. The aim of this study was to explore how contextual factors of abuse such as victim gender and age, perpetrator gender, and victim–perpetrator relationship affect a response to CSA. Further, we explored what personality traits may predict a skeptical response. An online questionnaire with 357 undergraduate students asked participants to read a vignette describing CSA, and to indicate the extent to which they believed the vignette, whether they blamed the victim or perpetrator, and what punishment they would recommend for the perpetrator. Results indicated that older victims were less likely to be believed and more likely to be blamed than younger victims. Further, we found more blame was placed on a perpetrator of intrafamilial abuse compared with extrafamilial abuse, but only if the perpetrator was male. Female perpetrators were punished less harshly than male perpetrators, but female intrafamilal perpetrators received harsher punishment than female extrafamilial perpetrators. No such effect was found for male perpetrators. Openness to Experience was associated with a more supportive response to CSA, as was Agreeableness. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Diyah, Dwi Alfiyatussa, e Ahmad Mahyani. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU PELECEHAN SEKSUAL PENGIDAP FETISHISTIC DISORDER". Bureaucracy Journal : Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance 2, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2022): 434–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53363/bureau.v2i1.143.
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The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the criminal responsibility for perpetrators of sexual harassment with Fetishistic disorder also analyze the conformity of the criminal responsibility received by the perpetrators with Law Number 19 of 2016 on Information and Electronic Transactions. This research was using normative legal methods with statutory approach, conceptual approach originating from primary source in the form of statutory regulations, secondary and tertiary sources from related legal literature. The results of this study are the equating of Fetishistic disorder with the crime of sexual harassment in the form of obscenity as stated in the Criminal Code. The consideration used is the perpetrator's actions which clearly break the norms of decency. The actions taken by the perpetrator are carried out consciously and they know the impact of their actions. In accordance with article 44 of the Criminal Code, the perpetrators have to be responsible for their actions. Because the actions taken by the perpetrators involved technology so it will be a special kind of crime. Thus, the judge considered Article 27 paragraph (4) in conjunction with Article 45 paragraph (4) and/or Article 29 in conjunction with 45B of the Electronic Information And Transactions Law in deciding this crime
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Chan, Athena C. Y., e Marlene S. Stum. "A Family Systems Perspective of Elder Family Financial Exploitation: Examining Family Context Profiles". Journal of Applied Gerontology 41, n.º 4 (8 de dezembro de 2021): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07334648211056927.
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Objective: Informed by Family Systems Theory, this study examines the interwoven nature of intergenerational family structures and roles in which elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) takes place. Method: Data from a mixed-methods study were utilized to examine patterns of family structures and roles within and across 23 family systems. Participants were non-perpetrator/non-victim concerned family members (CFMs) who had experienced EFFE. Results: Four family context profiles were identified, organized by the number and roles of victim(s) and perpetrator(s) in each family system, including: Single victim, Single perpetrator; Single victim, Multiple perpetrators; Two victims, Single perpetrator; and Two victims, Multiple perpetrators. It is possible for multiple perpetrators to be involved, with up to five perpetrators across three generations in our sample. Discussion: Findings offer insight into the range of intergenerational family structures and roles affected by EFFE. Practitioners are encouraged to understand and address family contexts to improve EFFE intervention outcomes.
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Kothari, Catherine L., Thomas Rohs, Scott Davidson, Rashmi U. Kothari, Carrie Klein, Amy Koestner, Mican DeBoer, Rita Cox e Kim Kutzko. "Emergency Department Visits and Injury Hospitalizations for Female and Male Victims and Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence". Advances in Emergency Medicine 2015 (22 de novembro de 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/502703.
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Introduction. The potential for hospital-based interventions for male victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) as well as adult perpetrators of both genders has been largely unexplored despite early evidence of acute-care utilization that may be as high as female victims. The current investigation compared the emergency department (ED) and injury-related-hospitalization rates of IPV-involved individuals against standardized national norms, assessing differences by gender and victim/perpetrator-status. Methods. This cross-sectional study collected one-year ED and in-patient visit data from hospital records for individuals listed as victim or perpetrator in an IPV criminal charging request in a Midwestern county (N=2,937). Expected rates were calculated based upon age-adjusted national norms. Results. The IPV-involved population generated ED rates 4.1 times higher than expected and injury-related-hospitalization rates that were 4.0 times higher than expected. Bi-directionally-violent individuals (both victim and perpetrator in IPV charges) consistently had the highest utilization rates (ED 8.4 RR, injury-hospitalization 22.5 RR). Victims, primarily female, had higher ED-visits than perpetrators, primarily male (victims = 4.6 RR, perpetrator = 3.1 RR). Perpetrators, though, had higher injury hospitalizations (victims = 0.8RR, perpetrators = 5.5 RR). Conclusions. Substantial opportunities exist within acute-care medical settings to intervene with IPV-involved women, men, victims, and perpetrators, although the magnitude of the opportunity varied by setting, gender and victim/perpetrator-status.
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Glasser, M., I. Kolvin, D. Campbell, A. Glasser, I. Leitch e S. Farrelly. "Cycle of child sexual abuse: Links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator". British Journal of Psychiatry 179, n.º 6 (dezembro de 2001): 482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.6.482.
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BackgroundThere is widespread belief in a ‘cycle’ of child sexual abuse, but little empirical evidence for this belief.AimsTo identify perpetrators of such abuse who had been victims of paedophilia and/or incest, in order to: ascertain whether subjects who had been victims become perpetrators of such abuse; compare characteristics of those who had and had not been victims; and review psychodynamic ideas thought to underlie the behaviour of perpetrators.MethodRetrospective clinical case note review of 843 subjects attending a specialist forensic psychotherapy centre.ResultsAmong 747 males the risk of being a perpetrator was positively correlated with reported sexual abuse victim experiences. The overall rate of having been a victim was 35% for perpetrators and 11 % for non-perpetrators. Of the 96 females, 43% had been victims but only one was a perpetrator. A high percentage of male subjects abused in childhood by a female relative became perpetrators. Having been a victim was a strong predictor of becoming a perpetrator, as was an index of parental loss in childhood.ConclusionsThe data support the notion of a victim-to-victimiser cycle in a minority of male perpetrators but not among the female victims studied. Sexual abuse by a female in childhood may be a risk factor for a cycle of abuse in males.
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Savage, Matthew W., Jennifer A. Scarduzio, Kate Lockwood Harris e Kellie E. Carlyle. "A Mixed Method Study of Intimate Partner Violence: How Sex and Severity Impact Perpetrator Prior Involvement, Abnormality, and Responsibility". Violence and Victims 32, n.º 5 (2017): 897–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00100.
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This study employed a mixed method approach to examine the effects of participant sex, perpetrator sex, and severity of violence on perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators. Quantitative participants (n = 449) completed a survey and qualitative participants (n = 31) participated in a focus group or an interview. Participants believed that it was more likely male perpetrators had prior involvement in IPV. Participants rated stories of female perpetrators as more abnormal than stories of male perpetrators. Participants in the weak severity of violence condition had lower evaluations of responsibility than the strong or fatal severity of violence conditions and only women were discerning about perpetrator sex in their ratings of responsibility. Theoretical implications extend intimate terrorism and defensive attribution theory.
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Schmuck, Desirée, Jörg Matthes, Christian von Sikorski, Nicole Materne e Ekata Shah. "Are Unidentified Terrorist Suspects Always Muslims? How Terrorism News Shape News Consumers’ Automatic Activation of Muslims as Perpetrators". Religions 9, n.º 10 (20 de setembro de 2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9100286.
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Two experimental studies investigated how news reports about terrorist attacks committed by unidentified perpetrators influence beliefs about the perpetrators and Muslims in general. In Study 1, a quota-based sample of 354 Germans was exposed to terror news coverage describing either non-Muslim or Muslim victims with no reference to the perpetrators of the attacks. Upon stimulus exposure, participants were asked the likelihood that the perpetrators were either Islamist extremists, far-right extremists, or lone operators. In Study 2, no information about the victims was provided, but the perpetrators were either Muslims or unidentified. In addition, we measured news consumers’ Islamophobic attitudes in both studies. Results from Study 1 revealed that participants attributed perpetrator-unidentified attacks to Islamist perpetrators when the victims were non-Muslims. In contrast, terrorist attacks directed against Muslim victims were more likely to be attributed to far-right extremists. Additionally, Study 2 revealed that news consumers associated perpetrator-unidentified terrorist attacks with Islamist extremists to an equal degree as terrorist attacks that were committed by Muslim perpetrators. Attributing the attack to Islamists was in turn significantly related to Islamophobic attitudes in both studies. Implications of these findings for journalism practice and society at large are discussed.
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Syah Putra, Jaya, Rizkan Zulyadi e M. Citra Ramadhan. "Penegakan Hukum Oleh Polri Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencurian Sepeda Motor Dengan Pemberatan (Studi di Polrestabes Medan)". Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 4, n.º 1 (24 de junho de 2021): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v4i1.670.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze law enforcement efforts, obstacles and prevention of criminal acts of theft by POLRI against perpetrators of the crime of motorcycle theft with weights in the jurisdiction of Medan Police. This type of research is directed to normative juridical law research. The nature of the research is descriptive analysis of the law enforcement by the Indonesian National Police against the perpetrators of the crime of theft. The results showed that law enforcement efforts were carried out, after the personnel received a complaint report from the victim regarding the occurrence of theft with weighting proceed to the stage of investigation and investigation, against the perpetrators of theft with the weight of a motorcycle subject to Article 363 of the Criminal Code with a maximum penalty of 9 years imprisonment depending on the the method used by the perpetrator to commit theft by weight. Barrier factors include the identity of the perpetrator is not clear, the perpetrator does not have an ID card, the perpetrator does not admit his actions, there are no witnesses at the crime scene. The perpetrator lost evidence, the victim did not want to report it to the police, there were no supporting witnesses. Countermeasures include carrying out preventive measures by carrying out patrols in suspected places, conducting socialization and community approaches in order to create synergistic coordination and cooperation in creating security. Repressive efforts by increasing efforts to take action against perpetrators of theft by weighting motorbikes by providing strict sanctions and having a deterrent effect on perpetrators and providing guidance to the community to comply with the law.
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Neal, Angela M., e Katie M. Edwards. "Perpetrators’ and Victims’ Attributions for IPV: A Critical Review of the Literature". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 18, n.º 3 (6 de setembro de 2015): 239–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015603551.
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Research shows that there are a variety of reasons why people self-report engaging in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, but few studies report victims’ attributions for their partners’ IPV perpetration. Because there are two acting partners in relationships, as well as the IPV incidents that occur in the relationships, to fully understand the dynamics of IPV, both partners’ perceptions of why the incidents occur must be understood. The authors of this article systematically reviewed the available empirical evidence regarding male and female perpetrators’ endorsed attributions for their IPV perpetration, as well victims’ attributions for their partners’ IPV perpetration. Several literature databases were explored, resulting in 50 articles that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. IPV perpetrators’ commonly endorsed attributions for physical and psychological IPV consisted of control, anger, retaliation, self-defense, to get attention, and an inability to express oneself verbally. Research has not examined endorsed attributions for coercive control. The few studies examining attributions for sexual IPV found that it was attributed to dominance or hedonism. Themes regarding victims’ attributions were largely similar to those of the perpetrators, however, there were some differences. Victims’ attributions for physical IPV perpetration consisted of anger, control, jealousy, and the influence of drugs/alcohol, which are similar to perpetrators’ self-reported attributions for engaging in IPV perpetration. Victims’ attributions for their partners’ psychological IPV perpetration consisted of the perpetrator’s personality, relationship dissolution, alcohol, and their partners’ jealousy. Victims’ attributions for their partners’ sexual IPV perpetration, however, differed from perpetrators’ attributions, consisting of the victim believing that the perpetrator thought they wanted it, being under the influence of alcohol/drugs, and doing it out of love. Methodological inconsistencies, directions for future research, and treatment implications are also discussed.
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Spencer, Chelsea M., e Sandra M. Stith. "Risk Factors for Male Perpetration and Female Victimization of Intimate Partner Homicide: A Meta-Analysis". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, n.º 3 (10 de junho de 2018): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018781101.
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Intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a serious problem throughout the world. Research has identified the continued need to examine risk factors for IPH to identify individuals who may be at a greater risk of IPH perpetration or victimization. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis on risk factors for male IPH perpetration and female IPH victimization. This meta-analysis examined results from 17 studies, which included 148 effect sizes used in the analysis. Primary findings from this research suggest the strongest risk factors for IPH were the perpetrator having direct access to a gun, perpetrator’s previous nonfatal strangulation, perpetrator’s previous rape of the victim, perpetrator’s previous threat with a weapon, the perpetrator’s demonstration of controlling behaviors, and the perpetrator’s previous threats to harm the victim. Implications for law enforcement personnel, medical professionals, victim advocates, mental health professionals, and other professionals who may be in contact with potential IPH perpetrators and victims are discussed.
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Gambardella, Gianna, Madeline Benz, Denise A. Hines e Kathleen M. Palm Reed. "A Descriptive Analysis of College Students’ Experiences of Female-Perpetrated Sexual Assault". Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, n.º 4 (29 de junho de 2020): 520–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986220936077.
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The current study sought to explore the experiences of college students who have experienced female-perpetrated sexual assault, and to compare their experiences to those of students assaulted by male perpetrators. A total of 11,165 college students across 11 years completed an online, anonymous survey measuring self-reports of sexual violence, context surrounding their victimization, help-seeking, and well-being. Of the students surveyed, 531 students reported experiencing sexual assault and identified both their own gender and the gender of their perpetrator, and 14% reported having experienced female-perpetrated sexual assault. Victims of female perpetrators were more likely to report their perpetrator being an (ex)intimate partner and less likely to be a stranger. Victims of female perpetrators were also more likely to report that their victimization involved their own drug use. Overall, victims of female-perpetrated sexual assault were less likely to tell anyone about their victimization, or to report to on- or off-campus resources. Finally, our findings suggest that victims of female perpetrators have comparable well-being to victims of male perpetrators. These finding contribute to the overall understanding of female-perpetrated sexual assault.
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Mesnard, Philippe. "Perpetrators". Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire, n.º 119 (31 de dezembro de 2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/temoigner.1332.
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Mesnard, Philippe. "Perpetrators". Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire, n.º 119 (31 de dezembro de 2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/temoigner.1333.
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Chafetz, Sid. "Perpetrators". Journal of Visual Literacy 12, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1992): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23796529.1992.11674468.
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Purnomo, Nur Aulia Adhyaksari, I. Nyoman Nurjaya e Faizin Sulistio. "Juridical Analysis of the Application of Chemical Castration Penalties to Sexual Crimes Against Children". International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, n.º 11 (5 de novembro de 2022): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i11.729.
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This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of chemical castration to perpetrators of sexual crimes against children. The practice of chemical castration falls outside the main criminal scope and does not fall under its jurisdiction. Therefore, chemical castration becomes an additional punishment for perpetrators of sexual offenses against children. If examined further, the application of chemical castration is an additional crime that is revocation of certain rights to the defendant. The purpose of revocation of certain rights is not to eliminate the honor of the perpetrator, but to prevent the perpetrator from committing the same crime in the future. The rights that are reduced from chemical castration are reproductive rights and rights related to the sexual activity of the perpetrator. In connection to chemical castration, which is designated as an additional criminal offense, the use of chemical castration cannot stand independently. Chemical castration can be carried out after the perpetrators of sexual crimes against children have served the main criminal sentence. This is done in order to maintain the security and safety of the future generations of the nation, so the issue of the human rights of perpetrators of sexual crimes against children can be put aside.
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Beksinska, Alicja, Ravi Prakash, Shajy Isac, H. L. Mohan, Lucy Platt, James Blanchard, Stephen Moses e Tara S. Beattie. "Violence experience by perpetrator and associations with HIV/STI risk and infection: a cross-sectional study among female sex workers in Karnataka, south India". BMJ Open 8, n.º 9 (setembro de 2018): e021389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021389.
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ObjectivesFemale sex workers (FSWs) experience violence from a range of perpetrators, but little is known about how violence experience across multiple settings (workplace, community, domestic) impacts on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. We examined whether HIV/STI risk differs by the perpetrator of violence.MethodsAn Integrated Biological and Behavioural Assessment survey was conducted among random samples of FSWs in two districts (Bangalore and Shimoga) in Karnataka state, south India, in 2011. Physical and sexual violence in the past six months, by workplace (client, police, coworker, pimp) or community (stranger, rowdy, neighbour, auto-driver) perpetrators was assessed, as was physical and sexual intimate partner violence in the past 12 months. Weighted, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine associations between violence by perpetrator and HIV/STI risk.Results1111 FSWs were included (Bangalore=718, Shimoga=393). Overall, 34.9% reported recent physical and/or sexual violence. Violence was experienced from domestic (27.1%), workplace (11.1%) and community (4.2%) perpetrators, with 6.2% of participants reporting recent violence from both domestic and non-domestic (workplace/community) perpetrators. Adjusted analysis suggests that experience of violence by workplace/community perpetrators is more important in increasing HIV/STI risk during sex work (lower condom use with clients; client or FSW under the influence of alcohol at last sex) than domestic violence. However, women who reported recent violence by domestic and workplace/community perpetrators had the highest odds of high-titre syphilis infection, recent STI symptoms and condom breakage at last sex, and the lowest odds of condom use at last sex with regular clients compared with women who reported violence by domestic or workplace/community perpetrators only.ConclusionHIV/STI risk differs by the perpetrator of violence and is highest among FSWs experiencing violence in the workplace/community and at home. Effective HIV/STI prevention programmes with FSWs need to include violence interventions that address violence across both their personal and working lives.
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Farida, Farida, e Sri Kusriyah. "Legal Protection against Women Which Do Criminal Actions of Abortion from Victims of Rape for Justice". Jurnal Daulat Hukum 3, n.º 4 (17 de janeiro de 2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v3i4.13108.
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This study aims to identify and describe the legal protection of women perpetrators of the crime of abortion, victims of rape based on positive law in Indonesia in order to realize justice. This study uses a normative juridical approach, which is descriptive analysis. The data used is secondary data obtained through library research, which is then analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study are legal protection for women perpetrators of abortion, victims of rape based on positive law in Indonesia to achieve justice that in Article 48 of the Criminal Code that the perpetrator's actions are committed due to coercion, then they will not be convicted. The perpetrator was released from punishment on the grounds of forgiveness, whereas in the Republic of Indonesia Act No. 36 of 2009, that abortion is allowed due to indications of a medical emergency that threatens the life of the mother and pregnancy due to rape, given the trauma caused by rape that must be experienced by women who are victims of rape is very severe.
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Hoewe, Jennifer. "Memory of an Outgroup". Journal of Media Psychology 26, n.º 4 (1 de janeiro de 2014): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000121.
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This study examined White individuals’ ability to recall non-White criminal perpetrators, specifically Middle Eastern-looking men, as portrayed in news stories. Considering social identity theory and the Arab/Muslim/Middle Eastern terrorist stereotype, White participants were expected to correctly identify White European-looking men and misidentify Middle Eastern-looking men as the perpetrators in news stories. A 2 (race/ethnicity of the perpetrator: White European- or Middle Eastern-looking) × 2 (story type: violent or nonviolent) experiment revealed that correct recall of the perpetrator for Middle Eastern-looking men was lower than that of White European-looking men. However, White individuals were not significantly more likely to incorrectly recall Middle Eastern-looking men than White European-looking men as perpetrators. Regardless of condition, more negative attitudes toward Arabs and Muslims predicted the incorrect recall of both Middle Eastern- and White European-looking men as perpetrators. These results are explained in light of their contradiction of existing theory. Also, a new measure of attitudes toward Arabs and Muslims is recommended.
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Weintraub, Jennifer, e Kimberly Bernstein. "Identifying and Charging True Perpetrators in Cases of Wrongful Convictions". Wrongful Conviction Law Review 1, n.º 2 (15 de setembro de 2020): 181–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/wclawr22.
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True perpetrators—those who commit crimes that others were wrongfully convicted of—are a danger to society. Left unapprehended, these individuals often continue to commit crimes that could have otherwise been avoided. Despite the risk they pose, only about half of true perpetrators in DNA exoneration cases have been identified. Further, only 50% of those who have been identified have been charged with the wrongful conviction crime(s) they committed. Previous research on wrongful convictions, prosecutorial discretion in charging decisions, and prosecutors’ treatment of post-conviction innocence claims provide a starting point for investigating what factors underlie the identification and charging of true perpetrators. To explore these factors, we analyze 367 DNA exoneration cases and the resulting 161 identified true perpetrators. Results revealed that prosecutorial misconduct as a contributor to the wrongful conviction decreased the odds that a true perpetrator would be identified, but the odds increased if the victim was White and the exoneree was Black compared to if both were White. Odds of identification also decreased when, compared to murder, the most severe wrongful conviction crime type was child sex abuse or sexual assault. These factors were not significantly associated with the odds of an identified true perpetrator being charged with a wrongful conviction crime. A qualitative study revealed both definitively prohibitive and potentially influential factors that could influence a prosecutor’s decision not to charge an identified true perpetrator with these crimes. These findings indicate policy solutions that could hold true perpetrators of wrongful convictions crimes responsible for their actions.
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McGinn, Tony, Mary McColgan e Brian Taylor. "Male IPV Perpetrator’s Perspectives on Intervention and Change: A Systematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, n.º 1 (28 de novembro de 2017): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017742167.
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Objective: To add to our understanding of change processes by analyzing perpetrators’ perspectives on intervention. Method: Fourteen databases were searched and 27 articles reporting relevant qualitative findings were identified. Analytic coding was applied across the findings and discussion sections of all 27 study reports to form an interpretive account of the data set. Studies were also grouped according to their perceived theoretical standpoints, and a summary of themes in each grouping is presented. Findings: Study participants were largely positive about their experiences in intervention; new learning such as conflict interruption techniques and new communication skills were commonly cited benefits. Perpetrators attend perpetrator intervention programs with a range of motivations, ranging from a determination to change who they are, to a determination to avoid a custodial sentence. The most common barriers to change, found in this analysis, were cognitive distortions, emotional dysregulation, gendered social constructions, and self-esteem issues. Conclusion: Further qualitative investigation, of rigor, with the intention-to-treat population of intimate partner violence perpetrators involved in perpetrator programs is needed. At this point, we would venture that qualitative research, with perpetrators, underlines the precept that formidable barriers to change exist in this population. The centrality of group work to perpetrator interventions should be reconsidered in light of the complexity of the change task and in light of the heterogeneity of this population.
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Gunawan Hasibuan e Rodiyah Nurratih. "Restorative Justice Sebagai Penegakan Hukum Pidana Modern Dan Berkeadilan". Collegium Studiosum Journal 5, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/csj.v5i1.495.
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Although in the positive law in Indonesia the process of settlement of criminal cases can not be completed outside the court does not mean that in certain cases not possible implementation. Restorative Justice is a process of settlement that is conducted outside the criminal justice system by involving victims, perpetrators, families of victims and perpetratos, communities and parties with an interst in a crime committed to reach an agreement. In this case the criminal justice process focused on criminal prosectution is transformed into a process of dialogue and mediation to create an agreement on a more fair and balanced criminal prosecution for the perpetrator and the victim.
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Haswandi, Haswandi. "PENGEMBALIAN ASET TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PELAKU DAN AHLI WARISNYA MENURUT SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA". Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 6, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.6.1.2017.145-172.
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National development and improving standards of living will be increasingly difficult to achieve if the level of corruption is high. Therefore, it is necessary seriousness in its eradication, either through criminal law as well as through the civil law against the perpetrators of corruption and to the heirs. For that we need strict laws governing asset recovery corruption of the perpetrators and their heirs as part of participating jointly responsible for restoring the proceeds of corruption to the state. The main problem in this dissertation research is about the law of return on assets How does the conception of corruption by the offender and his heirs? The method used in this research is normative juridical method using qualitative data analysis with content analysis techniques. Based on the results, it can be concluded: First, the laws of corruption in recovering assets from corruption cases at this time is not perfect because only put money substitute against corruption proceeds of crime from the perpetrator. Meanwhile, the civil law norms materilnya against the heirs of the perpetrators of corruption has not been set. Second, the existence of Article 33 and Article 34 of Law No. 31 of 1999 just a gate that the heirs of the perpetrators of corruption can be sued if the perpetrator as the heir of the heir died while either not return the results to the state of corruption. It is necessary to formulate norms for about an unlawful act which can be used as a legal basis to sue the heirs of the offender. Third, the legal concepts in asset recovery corruption perpetrators and the survivors of the Indonesian legal system should be directed to the improvement of legislation to prosecute not only the perpetrators but also heirs of the perpetrators of corruption.Keyword: corruption, aset recovery, heir
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Romans, Sarah E., Judy L. Martin, Jessie C. Anderson, Martine L. O'shea e Paul E. Mullen. "The ‘Anatomy’ of Female Child Sexual Abuse: Who does what to Young Girls?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, n.º 3 (junho de 1996): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609064993.
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Objective: This paper aims to describe the characteristics of sexually abusive acts experienced by female children in order to identify those perpetrators who inflict intrusive and repeated child sexual abuse (CSA). Method: Data were collected from a random New Zealand sample of women aged 18 to 65 years who reported CSA, and a similar number of non-abused comparison women. Information on the perpetrator, the type of CSA, and perpetrator strategies were cross-tabulated. Results: The perpetrators were usually young men, well known to the victim or her family. Greater CSA intrusiveness was statistically associated with greater CSA frequency. Father/stepfather abusers were most likely to perpetrate intrusive and frequent CSA. However, family associates and non-paternal relatives were numerically more often reported as perpetrators than fathers/stepfathers. Stranger-perpetrators featured infrequently. Conclusion: We conclude that the most frequent and invasive CSA comes from someone well known to the child, particularly a family member or trusted friend. A focus by the courts or health professionals on either incest only (i.e. CSA between biological relatives) or ‘stranger danger’ will overlook the large categories of CSA perpetrated by secondary relative and family friend abusers.
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Lettermann, Eva. "Wozu ist die Auseinandersetzung mit individuellem Täterhandeln gut? Historisches Lernen über die Shoah". Didactica Historica 5, n.º 1 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/didacticahistorica.2019.005.01.43.long.
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As a contribution to current Nazi perpetrator research, the article focuses on individual perpetrators’ actions in the Shoah. The question of how this can be adequately addressed in history lessons is answered by a teaching model that exemplifies how a criminal ideology comes to bear or reaches its limits in the decisions and actions of various perpetrators. First, guiding research questions and selected perpetrators are briefly introduced. Subsequently, the teaching model’s concept and goals are outlined and it is explained how competence and subject orientation as well as human rights education can be implemented in schools.
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Lettermann, Eva. "Wozu ist die Auseinandersetzung mit individuellem Täterhandeln gut? Historisches Lernen über die Shoah". Didactica Historica 5, n.º 1 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/didacticahistorica.2019.005.01.43.long.
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As a contribution to current Nazi perpetrator research, the article focuses on individual perpetrators’ actions in the Shoah. The question of how this can be adequately addressed in history lessons is answered by a teaching model that exemplifies how a criminal ideology comes to bear or reaches its limits in the decisions and actions of various perpetrators. First, guiding research questions and selected perpetrators are briefly introduced. Subsequently, the teaching model’s concept and goals are outlined and it is explained how competence and subject orientation as well as human rights education can be implemented in schools.
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Mozin, Nopiana, e Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih. "PERAN UNIT PPA DALAM MENERAPKAN TEORI RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PADA TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN TERHADAP PELAKU ANAK DI KOTA GORONTALO". JURNAL SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN HUMANIORA 7, n.º 2 (29 de dezembro de 2021): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jseh.v7i2.39.
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This study aims to find out and analyze how the role of the women’s and children’s service units in the application of the principle of restorative justice in criminal acts of children as perpetrators and what factors are obstacles to women’s and children’s service units in the application of the principle of restorative justice in criminal acts of children as this research is empirical to achieve this goal the authors use data collection techniques in the form of unterviews and ask for data from the women’s and children’s services Unit in Gorontalo City Police The Results of the study show that the role of the PPA unit is to carry out a mediation process in accordance with the custom of deliberation. In applaying the principle of Restorative Justice in Gorontalo City carried out by the police that is done through activities such as mediation of victims with perpetratos/violators,and family group deliberations, which are of a recovery nature for both victims and perpetrators. Factors which become obstacles for the Womens and Children’s Services Unit in applying the principle of restorative justice in child crime as a perpetrator,namely when inviting the victimand his family which at that time were still not received with the existence of a criminal offense committed by the pretrator as well as finding the address of the victim and suspects where if providing incomplete address, making it difficult for the police in solving problems that occur between victims and perpetrators
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Affierni, Siti Indriyanti, Iken Nafikadini e Dewi Rokhmah. "Qualitative Study on Perpetrator of Child Sexual Violence with the Symbolic Interaction Theory Approach". Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 16, n.º 1 (27 de julho de 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i1.17722.
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Based on data from the Jember Resort Police (Polres), the highest case of violence against children is sexual violence. The purpose of this research was to analyze the forms of sexual behavior in perpetrators of child sexual violence. This research was a qualitative research with a case study approach, with purposive technique to 7 perpetrators. Credibility was done by testing source triangulation to additional informants, namely wife behavior and triangulation techniques using observation. Most of the events occurred in the perpetrator’s house. Most perpetrators used symbols to commit sexual violence to children with verbal cues and invitations. Most had more than one experience of marriage and other one had not married. There were perpetrators who had risky behaviors that often watched porn videos and had sex with commercial sex workers. Most of the perpetrators had a problem of harmony with their partners. Besides pedophiles, abnormal sexual behavior carried out on victims was incest. The victims were stepchildren who have quiet and weak characters.
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Tang, Catherine So-kum, Shuk Han Pun e Fanny Mui-ching Cheung. "Responsibility Attribution for Violence Against Women: A Study of Chinese Public Service Professionals". Psychology of Women Quarterly 26, n.º 3 (setembro de 2002): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00057.
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This study examined how Chinese public service professionals attributed responsibility to victims and perpetrators of violence against women (VAW). A total of 2,308 Chinese public service professionals in Hong Kong completed questionnaires on attitudes toward women, VAW-related perceptions, and assignment of responsibility to actors in written VAW vignettes. Compared to agency professionals consisting of medical doctors, lawyers, and police officers, communal professionals consisting of psychologists, social workers, and nurses attributed a higher level of responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators. For both professional groups, attitudes toward women and educational attainment were the most salient predictors of responsibility attribution to VAW victims and perpetrators. Perceived VAW effects on victims were also a robust predictor of responsibility attribution to perpetrators. With regard to group differences, gender was predictive of responsibility attribution for communal but not for agency professionals. Except for perpetrator responsibility attribution for agency professionals, age was also predictive of how professionals assigned responsibility to VAW victims and perpetrators.
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Li, Mengyao, Bernhard Leidner e Silvia Fernandez-Campos. "Stepping into Perpetrators’ Shoes: How Ingroup Transgressions and Victimization Shape Support for Retributive Justice through Perspective-Taking With Perpetrators". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, n.º 3 (27 de junho de 2019): 424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219858652.
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Three experiments (total N = 1,061) examined the morally disengaging function of perspective-taking with ingroup perpetrators in intergroup conflict. In the context of the Iran–U.S. conflict, Americans who strongly identified with their country showed increased perspective-taking with perpetrators, which in turn led to reduced support for retributive justice in response to the perpetration rather than suffering of intergroup violence (Experiment 1; N = 191). Experiment 2 ( N = 294) replicated these findings in the context of the Israel–Syria conflict with Israeli Jews and demonstrated that perspective-taking with ingroup perpetrators serves a similar function as moral disengagement. Experiment 3 ( N = 576) manipulated perpetrator perspective-taking, demonstrating its causal effect on support for retributive justice, again moderated by ingroup identification. The negative implications of understanding perpetrators for addressing intergroup transgressions are discussed.
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Spelten, Evelien, Julia van Vuuren, Peter O’Meara, Brodie Thomas, Mathieu Grenier, Richard Ferron, Jennie Helmer e Gina Agarwal. "Violence against emergency healthcare workers: different perpetrators, different approaches". Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 14, n.º 2 (4 de fevereiro de 2022): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-10-2021-0645.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate whether emergency health-care workers distinguish between different categories of perpetrators of violence and how they respond to different types of perpetrator profiles. Design/methodology/approach Five focus groups with emergency health-care workers were held in Canada. The participants were asked whether they identified different groups of perpetrators of violence and how that impacted their approach. The focus group responses were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using a phenomenological approach. Findings Participants consistently identified five groups of perpetrators and tailored their approach on their assessment of the type of perpetrator involved. The five categories are: violence or aggressive behaviour from family members or bystander and violence related to; underlying mental health/illness issues; underlying physical health issues; addiction and substance use; and repeat visitors/offenders. Violence with an underlying (mental) health cause was handled professionally and compassionately by the health-care workers, while less patience and understanding was afforded in those instances where violence was associated with (recreational) alcohol or illicit substance use. Originality/value Emergency health-care workers can consistently distinguish between types of perpetrators of violence and aggression, which they then use as one factor in the clinical and situational assessments that inform their overall approach to the management incidents. This conclusion supports the need to move the focus away from the worker to the perpetrator and to an organisational rather than individual approach to help minimise violence against emergency health-care workers.
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Waters, Noah E., e Janice Spangenburg. "Indoctrination against Violence Orientation". International Journal of Business and Management Research 8, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.080305.
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The saying “no victim - no crime” suggests police intervention is victim dependent. Policing that relies solely on identifying a victim elevates the status of the perpetrator. When suspicion of illegality (victimization) – whether against individuals or government statutes – must occur to justify police involvement, the intervention is victim-dependent. A consequence of this practice is that by the time legal thresholds are achieved to arrest would-be perpetrators it is often too late. Opportunities to affect behaviors of would-be perpetrators may not be influenced within the victim-dependent response to crime fighting. Alternatively, teaching laws to school-aged youth has been used to dissuade perpetrator behavior and violence. Educating youth, to curtail perpetrator behavior, may be the future of crime fighting.
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Ćwikła, Monika. "Izolacja skazanych niebezpiecznych w polskich zakładach karnych". Kortowski Przegląd Prawniczy, n.º 1 (10 de maio de 2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/kpp.6686.
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The article is about dangerous perpetrator in the conditions of penitentiary isolation. It contains the ways of defining, qualifying dangerous perpetrator and also information and a photo the prison room for the detainee. The article also contains statistical data showing the number of prisoners qualified to perpetrators ”N” in the period 2016–2017 and data on the number of existing penitentiary units intended for this type of perpetrators. Attention was also paid to the problem of results of conducting such isolation for a long period of time. The aim of this article was to summarize and outline the problem of long-term prison isolation and its consequences for inmates, as well as to indicate the existing legal provisions and classification as a dangerous perpetrator.
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Park, Sihyun, e Sin-Hyang Kim. "Who Are the Victims and Who Are the Perpetrators in Dating Violence? Sharing the Role of Victim and Perpetrator". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, n.º 5 (15 de setembro de 2017): 732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017730648.
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Background: Dating violence (DV) is a serious problem with devastating consequences. Often, research on DV has focused on two distinct groups: victims and perpetrators. However, there is growing evidence for a victim–perpetrator overlap model, which posits that those involved in DV are more likely to take on both roles, rather than either role on its own. Purpose: We investigated the patterns of involvement in DV among those who identified themselves as victims or perpetrators in previous studies. Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 371 variables related to participants’ previous and concurrent experiences of DV victimization or perpetration (202 variables related to victimization and 169 related to perpetration) were identified in 25 studies, which were found by systematically searching three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Results: The majority of previous studies categorized study participants as either DV victims or perpetrators; however, those who identified themselves as either DV victims or DV perpetrators were more likely to assume the opposite role as well. Specifically, current DV perpetrators had a strong association with previous or concurrent victimization experiences, and current DV victims were similarly likely to have assumed the roles of both victim and perpetrator in their histories. Conclusion: Further efforts should be put into avoiding categorization of those involved in violence; rather, they should be regarded as a single group. Additionally, evidence-based interventions should be developed for this population to help break the cycle of violence.
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Kagan, Karol. "Miejsce zdarzenia jako źródło informacji w procesie tworzenia profilu kryminalnego nieznanego sprawcy zabójstwa". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 29, n.º 5 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.5.81-102.
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<p>This study is about the crime scene as a valuable source of information about <em>modus operandi</em>, motives and characteristics of the perpetrator of the homicide crime. Based on Polish and foreign literature, the author made attempts to present various concepts of the perception of the crime scene in the criminal profiling process, as well as to indicate the key elements of the behavior of the perpetrator of the homicide resulting from the manner of proceeding, which can be interpreted from the crime scene. The study also presents the basic assumptions regarding the construction of criminal profiles of unknown perpetrators of homicides, with particular emphasis on the dichotomous concept of division into organised and disorganised perpetrators and the possibility of making other conclusions as to the psychophysical characteristics of the perpetrators of homicides. Thus, it is a form of universal presentation of the problem and may be of interest, in particular, to law practitioners.</p>
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Luis, Mayara Alves, Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite, Nicole Letourneau, Nátaly Adriana Jiménez Monroy, Luciana Graziela de Godoi e Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior. "Sexual Violence against Adolescents in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil: An Analysis of Reported Cases". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 21 (4 de novembro de 2022): 14481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114481.
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Objective: We describe the prevalence of the reported cases of sexual violence against adolescents and analyze their associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study (n = 561) was conducted with reported data on sexual violence against adolescents in the state of Espírito Santo registered in SINAN between 2011 and 2018 to understand the prevalence and predictors of sexual violence against adolescent victims, as well as to describe the perpetrators and the nature of the aggression. Variables to characterize the victim, aggression, and perpetrator were used. Bivariate analyses were performed using chi-square (χ2) and Fisher’s exact tests, and multivariate analyses were conducted using log-binomial models; the results were presented with prevalence ratios. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results: The prevalence of sexual violence was 32.6%, and 93% of the victims were female. In both males and females, the reported sexual violence was associated with a younger age (10–12 years old), living at home, being related to the perpetrator, and a history of sexual violence. In females, the reported sexual violence was also associated with the number of perpetrators, and in males, with the perpetrator’s age. Conclusions: Our findings show the high frequency of reporting of sexual violence and the characteristics of the victim, the aggression, and the aggressor as factors associated with its occurrence in both sexes. The importance of health information systems for disseminating data and the need for measures to prevent and treat the violence among adolescents is urgent.
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Conrad, Kendon J., Pi-Ju Liu e Madelyn Iris. "Examining the Role of Substance Abuse in Elder Mistreatment: Results From Mistreatment Investigations". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2016): 366–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640782.
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Substance abuse has long been identified as a risk factor for elder mistreatment, yet research on the topic remains sparse. This study tested hypotheses whether perpetrator and victim substance use problems were associated with financial exploitation, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect versus no abuse. Cross-sectional data were collected on 948 cases with yes/no substantiation decisions where 357 cases had no abuse in elder mistreatment investigations. Hypotheses were tested using odds ratios, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyses including a control for victim vulnerability. Of 948 alleged victims, 42 (4.4%) exhibited signs of substance use problems. Among the 323 alleged perpetrators, 87 (26.9%) were reported to have substance use problems. Substance use problems by alleged perpetrators were associated ( p < .01) with financial exploitation, physical abuse, and emotional abuse but not neglect. Substance use problems by alleged victims were associated with neglect, but not the other types. Alleged perpetrators with substance use problems tended to commit multiple forms of abuse, were male and not caregivers. Except for the findings on neglect, the associations with elder mistreatment were stronger for alleged perpetrators with substance use problems, than for alleged victims. Clarification of the role of perpetrator risk factors such as substance abuse should improve risk identification and subsequent intervention.
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Jainah, Zainab Ompu, Anggalana Anggalana, Erlina B, Desta Fani Acbel e Sigit Pamungkas. "Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Turut Serta Melakukan Pemerasan Dengan Ancaman Berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 672/PID.B/2020/PN.Tjk". Wajah Hukum 5, n.º 1 (23 de abril de 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v5i1.357.
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Extortion and threats are an act against the law and the perpetrator is obliged to take responsibility for his actions as regulated in the Extortion Law with Threats is a complaint offense so that the authorities can act if there is a complaint and the victim of Tuiuan from this research is to find out the causative factor and how the perpetrator's criminal responsibility. As for the problem in this research are, what are the factors that led to the Criminal Act Committing 672 Pid B2020 PN Tjk? How is the criminal responsibility of the perpetrator involved and exchanging extortion with threats? The research method used in writing the Jumal of this research is a nomative juridical approach and an empirical approach. Based on the results of the research, the factors that cause perpetrators to commit extortion crimes with threats include economic factors, environmental factors and the third factor. Where the role of the perpetrator is concerned, how the perpetrator does it, the weight of the mitigation side, the facts of the trial. so the perpetrator is responsible for his actions with a criminal sanction of imprisonment.
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De Joy, David M. "Perpetrators' and Servers' Responsibility and Punishment for Drunk-Driving Outcomes". Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.2.455.
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Observers (N = 169) were presented written descriptions of alcohol-related motor vehicle incidents that varied according to seventy of outcome, blood alcohol level (BAL) of the perpetrator, and prevailing road conditions. Observers made attributions of responsibility and recommendations for punishment for both perpetrator and alcohol server. Severity-dependent effects were obtained for perpetrators' punishment but relatively high levels of responsibility were assigned to the perpetrator across outcomes, and observers did not differentiate between accident and apprehension outcomes in attributing responsibility. BAL affected perpetrators' punishment but not responsibility, while adverse road conditions produced the opposite pattern of results. In general, relatively low levels of responsibility and punishment were assigned to the server, but both measures were influenced by road conditions, primarily at the intermediate BAL. The divergent findings for responsibility and punishment are discussed.
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Siregar, Arjuna Al Ichsan, Muhammad Endriyo Susila e Indra Firmansyah. "Keadilan Restoratif sebagai Upaya Penguatan Sistem Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Penyelundupan Pengungsi". Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 29, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2022): 567–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol29.iss3.art5.
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The purpose of the research is to analyze first, the criminal arrangement of the perpetrators of refugee smuggling and its implementation in Indonesia. Second, if a restorative justice approach can be an alternative in an effort to strengthen the criminalization process for perpetrators of refugee smugglers. This normative juridical research uses a statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study conclude that first, criminal arrangements for perpetrators of smuggling refugees in Indonesia are regulated in Article 120 of Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration (Immigration Law). The regulation is very simple and in its implementation creates obstacles for law enforcement officers, including the absence of special rules, the absence of differentiating the threat of criminal sanctions between perpetrators, and obstacles in regulating the threat of special minimum and maximum imprisonment sanctions which are considered to greatly limit the space for law enforcers in an effort to provide fair punishment for the perpetrators. Second, the restorative justice approach can be an alternative in an effort to strengthen the criminal justice process against perpetrators of refugee smugglers by integrating them into the criminal justice system. The process of meeting between perpetrators and victims as well as the community runs in parallel with the process in court and the results can be considered by the judge when they want to impose a sentence on each perpetrator of refugee smuggling.
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Mayendri, Edelwis Tiara Poespa, e Edi Prihantoro. "Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Melakukan Aborsi oleh Perempuan Usia 20-30 Tahun". Indonesian Journal for Social Responsibility 2, n.º 2 (29 de dezembro de 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36782/ijsr.v2i2.38.
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Freedom in abortion has been packaged to cover up the real facts, meaning that few people know about the dangers of abortion, but places selling illegal abortion drugs can still flap their wings to sell in the world of online commerce. This dedication discusses the decision making in having an abortion by women aged 20-30 years. The crisis of knowledge about sexual education makes abortion perpetrators less aware of the dangers of abortion, meaning that the community does not really understand whether or not they can have an abortion. Abortion is done not only because of intention or desire. The process of making decisions about abortion perpetrators is also different, making decisions that make doubts when pregnant are difficult, lack of knowledge and falling into difficult choices make people do things that shouldn't be done, how is the process of making decisions about abortion perpetrators. Therefore, this study uses a dedication method and uses the theory of decision making as a knife of analysis in decision making in performing abortion by women aged 20-30 years. This case was taken considering that the rate of abortion in Indonesia is very high, and maternal mortality due to abortion is a concern. So that this service approach uses a phenomenological approach to determine the decision making in carrying out abortion by women aged 20-30 years. Phenomenology tries to identify a meaning behind the way the abortion perpetrator takes decisions, so that what is highlighted is the abortion perpetrator's decision-making process.
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Rand, Deirdre C., e Marc D. Feldman. "An Explanatory Model for Munchausen by Proxy Abuse". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 31, n.º 2 (junho de 2001): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gbnf-4xd7-ekvc-226p.
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Objective: In Munchausen by proxy (MBP) abuse, a caretaker fabricates or induces illness in another person to obtain emotional gratification. In representative cases, a mother is the perpetrator and her child is the victim. In view of the limits of current explanatory models, we use personal accounts of MBP perpetrators, physicians, and family members as a window into understanding this counterintuitive behavior. Method: As subspecialty clinicians and consultants, we supplemented our extensive direct experience with MBP with a review of published reports of MBP located via MEDLINE and PsycINFO (1980 onward). We also examined the books devoted to the subject and incorporated personal accounts of MBP perpetrators and of family members and professionals involved with them. Results: Factors contributing to the onset and continuation of MBP are the perpetrator's experiencing a particular drive (e.g., intense anger or frustration); lacking or overcoming internal inhibitions against abusive actions; and overcoming external inhibitions, such as the potential intercession of a spouse or pediatrician. As a result, the MBP parent experiences release from unpleasant emotions and a sense of renewed control. MBP behavior gains “habit strength” each time it occurs. Conclusions: Psychodynamic explanations of MBP, while favored by some authors, are inherently speculative and tend to be low in predictive value. We suggest broadening these traditional explanations by emphasizing observable behaviors and verifiable background factors. The behavioral perspective we outline helps explain how MBP behavior is learned, why it is more prevalent among mothers, and why it is so difficult for perpetrators to stop.
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Saguem, B., S. Bouhlel e B. Ben Hadj Ali. "Characteristics of Elder Mistreatment's Perpetrators in Tunisian Community-dwelling Elders". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): S664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1126.
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IntroductionWhile research is illuminating characteristics of elderly that are associated with mistreatment, far less research has investigated characteristics of the perpetrator that are involved in elder mistreatment cases.AimTo address the characteristics of elder mistreatment's perpetrators in a population of community-dwelling elders.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, including 80 subjects aged 65 years and older, with sufficient cognitive ability to complete the interview. Elderly were asked about several characteristics of mistreatment's perpetrators. Indicators of Abuse Screen (IOA) was used to evaluate abuse.ResultsFindings show that 13.8% of the participants suffered from elder mistreatment, with a mean IOA's score of 8.35. According to subtypes, 10% reported psychological, 2.5% physical and 1.3% financial abuse. Abuse was recurrent and the victim's reactions were passive in all cases.Perpetrators were family members in all cases, with being a partner in 63.6%, a child in 18.2%, a sibling in 9.1% and a stepdaughter in 9.1% of cases. They were men in 72.7% of cases and their mean-age was 64.09 years. Financial difficulties and psychological problems were reported in 54.5% and 36.4% of perpetrators, respectively. Perpetrators were most likely living with the victims (P = 0.009). Partners were the perpetrators of half of the psychological abuse, and the totality of the physical and financial abuse. Abusive marital relationships were significantly associated with the perpetrator (P = 0.04).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the cause of elder abuse is rarely unique, and that this phenomenon is consequent to many pre-existing underlying problems affecting both elderly and perpetrators.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kholisoh, Bajang Barokhatul, e Suswoto. "EXTRADITION BY THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE OF PERPETRATORS OF CORRUPTION FROM INDONESIA, BASED ON THE LEGAL PROVISIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION (ICPO-INTERPOL)". Kajian Hukum 7, n.º 1 (20 de maio de 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37159/kh.v7i1.3.
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Interpol is an organization formed to coordinate cooperation between police in countries around the world. Advances in technology, information, and communication have increased the intensity of transnational crime. The extradition treaty has an important role in preventing and overcoming perpetrators of international crimes, especially perpetrators of corruption who fled from Indonesia to other countries, whether they are still suspects, defendants, or convicts. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the role of the Police in the practice of carrying out the extradition of perpetrators of corruption, legal arrangements in the execution of extradition of perpetrators of corruption committed by the Police based on the Constitution of the ICPO-Interpol, and what factors hinder the Police in carrying out international cooperation in the field of extradition. The result of the discussion of the problems that arise in this research is an international cooperation agreement that has been ratified by the two countries, in which the Indonesian Police submitted a request for extradition as a requesting state to the requested state against the fleeing corruption perpetrator. The state government is requested to process the extradition request accompanied by authentic evidence of the complete identity of the perpetrator. The process of carrying out extradition was hampered due to several factors, one of which was the absence of an extradition agreement by the Government of Indonesia with the government of the requested country, where the perpetrators of corruption fled so that the implementation of extradition was hampered or perhaps even rejected by the requested country.