Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Perméabilité à l'eau et au gaz"
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Suzanne, Karine Isabelle Dominique. "Evaluation de la saturation résiduelle en gaz de grès mouillables à l'eau : Influence des caractéristiques de la roche et de la saturation initiale en gaz". Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1119.
Texto completo da fonteAgboli, Mensan. "Étude expérimentale de l'impact de la propagation et de l'autocolmatage des fissures sur la perméabilité à l'eau et au gaz de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0070.
Texto completo da fonteThe excavation of underground galleries generally results in a zone damaged by fractures. In the context of the storage of radioactive waste in deep clay layers, this network of fractures desaturates the host rock and causes it to lose its confinement properties (very low permeability, good mechanical strength). This thesis focuses on the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx), a geological formation chosen in France (Bure, Meuse/Haute-Marne) for its potential as a containment barrier for radioactive waste. Using an experimental approach, the impact of crack propagation and self-sealing on the water and gas permeability of the COx claystone was studied. Self-sealing tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens artificially fractured under X-ray tomography, under different orientations (parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane) and temperatures, with different calcite contents, different opening widths of the initial fracture, and with the injection of different fluids such as water and gas. The objective being to better understand the impact of these different factors on the self-sealing process of the COx claystone (changes in permeability and fracture closure). Furthermore, fracturing tests with measurement of gas permeability were also carried out for the two orientations in order to study the impact of microcracking damage on the hydraulic properties of the COx claystone. It has been observed that the mineralogical composition of the claystone plays a determining role in the effectiveness of self-sealing. High calcite content, combined with low clay content, has been identified as a limiting factor, thereby compromising the rock's ability to self-seal effectively. To guarantee effective sealing, it is necessary that the calcite content remains below 40%. In general, the self-sealing process is rapid at the start of the test and then stabilizes after a month. The water permeability of the samples is partially restored (~10-18-10-19 m²) compared to the initial permeability of healthy claystone (i.e. without fracture) (~10-20- 10-21 m²) and the closure of the fracture is almost complete. Furthermore, the self-sealing process appears to be equally effective for both parallel and perpendicular orientations. The impact of temperature on the self-sealing process has not been clearly demonstrated. Regarding the simultaneous injection of inert gas and water, our study demonstrated a retarding effect on the reduction of water permeability, mainly due to gas-induced desaturation. Despite this delay, the self-sealing process proved effective, inducing a significant reduction in permeability. The fracturing tests (triaxial compression tests) showed that the gas permeability gradually decreases for both orientations with increasing deviatoric stress, illustrating the closure of the initial cracks due to the axial compression of the samples. For higher deviatoric stresses, a significant increase in gas permeability is observed near the dilatancy threshold, particularly in samples oriented parallel to the bedding plane. This suggests a close link between the opening of microcracks and the increase in permeability
Sultanem, Caroline. "Films et bulles de protéines solubles : structure, interactions et perméabilité au gaz". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008960.
Texto completo da fonteMouchot, Nadia. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des transports diffusionnels de l'eau dans le domaine hygroscopique des bois de hêtre et d'épicéa". Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0284_MOUCHOT.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn the hygroscopic range of wood and at low temperatures, internal transfers of water in gaseous phase and bound water are made by diffusion. The purpose of this research is to specify a methodology which allows the determination of diffusion coefficients, characteristic of the two transfers. Three experimental devices have been used : a Wicke and Kallenbach diffusion cell, a vaporimeter and a double hygrometric cell. The study of the same samples with the three devices makes up an original work in the diffusionnal transfer's field of an adsorbable solute in a porous medium. The knowledge of these results are not only interesting for the modelisation of diffusionnal transfers of water into wood and wood composites, but also the suggested methodology can be applied for every gaseous adsorbable solute on a microporous solid , as an adsorbent or a catalyst
Thomas, Michel. "Transport de l'eau à travers une membrane perfluorosulfonique Nafion : relations avec la microstructure : développement de membranes composites à haute perméabilité aux gaz". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10174.
Texto completo da fonteEgret, Hélène. "Synthèse et caractérisation des polymères du diméthylcétène. Application à la perméabilité aux gaz". Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES048.
Texto completo da fonteGaidi, Laouni. "Transfert par infiltration de l'eau et du soluté dans les sols non saturés : utilisation de la méthode TDR (Time Domaine Reflectometry)". Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0006/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis work aims at a better knowledge of the simultaneous transfer of water and solute for a better dimensioning of the sealing systems. To follow this transfer in real time and in continuous, we used the TDR probes. The experimental device developed allows the measurement of the moisture and electric conductivity profiles during infiltration. This measurement of the soil water content and the soil electric conductivity is necessary to evaluate the leakage potential of a sealing barrier. We carried out a series of infiltration tests in columns on: a clayey sand, a clay (of Gault), two alluvia layers separate by a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and columns containing a drainage material. The study of the water and the leachates infiltration in the clayey sand under a null hydraulic head shows that the compacted soil saturation process is done by the combination of a phenomenon of convection and of diffusion. The electric conductivity profiles analysis shows that the solute transport is also done by dispersion and convection. We could note that the infiltration of a liquid does not depend only on the soil type, but also depends on the type of liquid and of the chemical elements which contains. The impact of the leachate on the soil results from the reduction of the transit time and of the equilibrium water content i. E. The quantity of water which the soil can retain
Galland, Geneviève. "Perméabilité et diffusion des gaz à travers les membranes de polyurethanne : relations propriétés-structure". Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0017.
Texto completo da fonteMorillon, Raphaël. "Modifications de perméabilité cellulaire à l'eau liées au développement, au stress hydrique, et aux mutations". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES032.
Texto completo da fonteBentoumi, Okba. "Transfert par infiltration de l'eau dans les sols fins compactes non saturés : Etude de la diffusivité et de la conductivité hydraulique". Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0100.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the conditions that has to fulfill by a barrier in a waste disposal site is to insure a coefficient of permeability less than l0(exp)-9m/s. The measurement of this permeability poses a lot of difficulties to which hydric transfer in unsaturated soils should be able to resolve. In this framework, the experimental results related to study of water transfer by infiltration in a compact unsaturated fine soil under a well defined initial and boundary conditions are presented. Firstly, a parametric study has been performed on the Givors silt; infiltration tests have been realized under various conditions. This study allowed the identification of the different parameters that can influence the hydric transfer in a unsaturated soil and to define an experimental procedure for field measurement of coefficient of permeability. Secondly, this parametric study was completed with a series of infiltration tests realized on a sail column,225mm high, for which the analysis of the hydric profile and suction was possible with the use of a new experimental device. A second procedure for permeability coefficient measurement of in-situ was proposed. The instantaneous profile method has been applied on results of infiltration tests on the soil column,225mm high, to establish the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and volumic water content or suction. Mualem and Van Genuchten model were also applied and verified
Margulies, Monique. "Cristallisation en solution, structure et perméabilité à l'eau de membranes d'un copolymère d'acrylonitrile à applications biomédicales". Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1088.
Texto completo da fonteDes, Bourdes-Courtadeur Caroline. "Etude du transport de l'eau dans un sol labouré : modélisation 2D de l'infiltration et de la redistribution dans un sol à structure hétérogène". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0014.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is a study of water transport in a loamy soil presenting an heterogeneous structure. We characterized the hydraulic properties of the various soil recognized thought the cultivation profile. In the same plot, the infiltration and redistribution of a bromide rain were measured. Hydraulic properties differed between compacted zones and porous zones, in the ploughed layer between the wheel tracks. The bromide tracing showed preferential flows located at the border of the wheel tracks, and very limited flow within the wheel tracks. Water flows were very heterogeneous in the ploughed layer between the wheel tracks and mostly concentrated within the porous zones. We tried to reproduce the water fluxes using HYDRUS 2D model by accounting for the geometry of the soil volumes and their hydraulic properties. Water fluxes were well reproduced qualitatively. The simulations showed that the structure of the tilled layer has an important effect on
Hovhannissian, Gaghik. "Signaux électriques, magnétiques et mécaniques associés à la percolation de l'eau en milieux saturés et non saturés". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066216.
Texto completo da fonteMacron, Thomas. "Conception de membranes semi-perméables aux gaz par assemblage dynamique d’objets moléculaires et macromoléculaires". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0007.
Texto completo da fonteThe strategy of Capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) (CCS) aims to recover the gases leaving the combustion gases of thermoelectric plants. Membrane technology is one of feasible technologies. For polymeric membranes, new ways of developing materials are undertaken for gas separation. One route led us to use the concept of Dynamic Constitutional Chemistry (DCC) molecular. When applied to polymers, this concept leads to covalent polymer molecular dynamics (dynamères). They are made dynamic by creating reversible covalent bonds between molecular or macromolecular monomer units, which allows modulating their intrinsic parameters and gives them an adaptive and evolutionary nature. The aim of our study was to develop dynamers could be used as membrane for carbone dioxide separation. Firstly, climate change and membrane separation technology applied to gases are exposed. Thereafter, the transfer mechanisms of gases through membrane-based polymers are developed. Then we synthesized three series of dynamers by self-assembly of monomers and macromonomers of geometries and sizes by creating links imines. The percentage change in precursors allows us to modulate the architectural geometry of macromolecular system. To verify this, several methods of characterization were undertaken. Infrared spectroscopic analysis and 1H NMR allowed us to highlight the good connection of our precursors and respect quantities of precursors introduced. The results of DSC analysis and free volume fraction of macromolecular systems show a marked change in the geometry of the system architecture based on the percentage of precursor's macromonomerics. We determined the permeability coefficient, diffusion and solubility of gas for dynamères membranes synthesized by the method of said delay. Finally, to evaluate the performance of these membranes dynamers, permselectivity results are shown in the diagrams of Robeson. They indicate that some membranes have dynamères performance in terms of permeability and selectivity are quite correct, and those for several pairs of gases and in particular those concerning carbon dioxide
Vacassy, Robert. "Synthèse et caractérisations de membranes minérales de nanofiltration : Modélisations du transport de matière et de la perméabilité à l'eau". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20082.
Texto completo da fonteDreux, Frédéric. "Modification des propriétés barrière à l'eau et au toluène d'un polyamide 12 par traitement plasma froid". Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES022.
Texto completo da fonteBarthélémy, Eric. "Interactions entre l'eau et le poly(chlorure de vinyle) chloré". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11015.
Texto completo da fonteMarcano, Aracelys. "Amélioration des performances barrière au dioxygène et à l'eau d'une enveloppe biocompatible polycarbonate uréthane par une approche multicouche". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR128.
Texto completo da fonteMujica, Paz Hugo. "Emballage sous atmosphère modifiée : étude des transferts de gaz au travers d'un film hydrophile et application à la conservation de la mangue". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT003G.
Texto completo da fonteBergin, Gaëtan. "Prévision de la solubilité des hydrocarbures dans l'eau en fonction de la température et de la pression". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21335.
Texto completo da fonteCourgneau, Cécile. "Compréhension des mécanismes de transferts de gaz et de composés organiques dans le Polylactide (PLA)". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00722348.
Texto completo da fonteSergiani, Bruno. "Étude expérimentale des écoulements diphasiques en fractures verticales : ségrégation de phases et perméabilités relatives". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT018H.
Texto completo da fonteAmiali, Malek. "Caractérisation des films de chitosane par la perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau et aux gaz (CO¦2O¦2)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48993.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBarral, Camille. "Etude des transferts d'eau et de gaz dans les géomatériaux argileux utilisés dans les couvertures des Installations de Stockage de Déchets Non Dangereux (ISDND)". Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0110/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn a municipal solid waste landfill, the cover must ensure the containment of waste, control water infiltrations, limit biogas leakage to the atmosphere and maintain its characteristics during all the lifespan of the site despite all the stresses to which it is subjected: mechanical, climatic, chemical and hydraulic. The subject of the Ph. D. Thesis is the study of the water and gas transfer through the clayey geomaterials used in landfill cap cover. The water transfer is studied at three scales. On site the hydraulic behaviour of several covers involving Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) is followed with the quantification of the volume of water reaching the solid mass of waste using lysimeters. In laboratory, tests with the oedopermeameter allowed to characterize the initial state of the GCLs and to evaluate possible decrease in performances due to ageing or alteration. Finally, the cap cover of the landfill cell has been reconstructed in six pilot cells. This experimental device allows to compensate the lack of some data which are difficult to achieve during large-scale experimentations. Concerning the gas transfer, a new laboratory method to measure the gas permeability of porous materials with an imposed deformation has been developed using the method of the falling pressure test. This method is applied to laboratory tests to compare different cover liners (Compacted Clay Liners and GCLs)
Habba, Yamina Ghozlane. "Étude des nanostructures de ZnO pour leur application dans l'environnement : détection de gaz et dépollution de l'eau". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1094/document.
Texto completo da fonteZinc oxide (ZnO) is a remarkable and very promising wide-gap II-VI semiconductor in the development of new materials for renewable energy and for the environment. Thanks to its many interesting physical, chemical and optoelectronic properties, this multifunctional material is used in many application fields such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, gas sensors, and water & air purification by photocatalytic effect, etc.In this thesis, we were interested in optimizing the synthesis of ZnO nanowires (ZnO NWs) by hydrothermal method. A two-step process has been optimized allowing us to obtain ZnO NWs having excellent morphological and structural properties, with very good reproducibility. A new synthesis method “Electrospinning” has been developed and the micro- & nanofibers containing ZnO nanocristallites can be obtained by this process. The combination of the two synthesis methods results a hierarchical nanostructure of ZnO (NWs/NFs) with an effective surface much larger than the classical one (ZnO NWs).Two applications have been developed in this thesis. Firstly, three reducing gases sensing tests have been carried out on the two types of ZnO nanostructures. Then, a photocatalytic water purification study has been carried out on a ZnO nanowire array under UV irradiation for the three dyes (MB, MO and AR14). In order to improve the photocatalysis performance, two new methods have been developed. The first is to set up a microfluidic system using microreactors containing ZnO NWs as a photocatalyst, thus the depollution time has been considerably shortened. The second method is based on the ZnO doping in order to improve the photocatalysis efficiency
Djerbi, Assia. "Influence de l 'endommagement mécanique sur la perméabilité au gaz et sur la diffusion des ions chlorure des bétons". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2018.
Texto completo da fonteThe existence of cracks in the reinforced concrete structures exposed to sea environment, can greatly modify the transport properties of concrete. These cracks provide easy acess to aggressive salts as chloride ions which can induce the steel corrosion. The goal of this research is to study the effect of a mechanical damage on the transport properties of concrete (gaz permeability and chloride diffusion). The experimental study is carried out on three types of concrete: ordinary concrete, high performance concrete, and high performance with silica fumes. Two kinds of damage are considered and generated in samples : a continuous damage is obtained by uniaxial compression : the load application is varying from 60% to 90% of the ultimate strength. It is characterised by a diffuse microcracking and by a loss of stiffness. A discrete or localised damage is obtained using a splitting tensil test, the traversing crack width is ranging from 16 to 240 µm. Gas permeability was measured before and after loading and evaluated using a constant head, Cembureau type, permeameter. The chloride diffusion coefficient was measured by a migration test under steady state condition. The results indicate that the microcracking affect the mass transport properties of the ordinary concrete which presents the higher porosity. A relationship, which is independant of the types of concrete, is obtained between the damage coefficient and theses transport properties. If the crack is traversing the variation of these transport properties is significant for the high performance concrete with silica fumes which has the lower porosity. Considering that the chloride diffusion flux of the cracked concrete is the sum of the flux in uncracked specimen and the flux in the crack, the diffusion coefficient through the crack Dcr can be evaluated. Dcr is independent of the material effect. A linear variation is obtained between this coefficient and the crack width. When the crack width is approximately 80 µm or more Dcr becomes constant and the value obtained is the diffusion coefficient species in free solution. This critical crack width is checked on concretes with pure diffusion test
Marchand, Baptiste. "Performance et durabilité de traitements de puits de stockage de gaz à base de coulis de géopolymères". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0021.
Texto completo da fonteThe use of geopolymer cements is investigated as grouts in the industrial context of sand production from natural gas storage wells. The aim is to reinforce the sandstone storage pocket, without impairing its gas transport ability. Sand production is currently hindered by chemical methods only efficient over a limited timeframe and in the absence of underground water seepage or brine.A compacted sand medium has been developed, which is analogous to in situ sandstones. A reference geopolymer cement has been adapted from a stoichiometry of (1 Al2O3, 3.6 SiO2, 1 Na2O, 11 H2O), made with sodium silicate alkali-activated metakaolin. The grout has been diluted to reach a viscosity on the order of that of water. The metakaolin powder granulometry has been refined by wet grinding, in order to guarantee adequate injectability of the geopolymer solid-liquid suspension.At a centimeter scale, the impact of geopolymer grouts has been quantified on both its consolidation ability and its gas permeability, using a fluidization experiment. The water resistance of geopolymer grouts has been proven at this scale.At a multi-centimeter scale, the adequacy of our geopolymer grouts is quantified using an experimental set-up developed from the typical triaxial failure test in soil mechanics. It follows a gas permeability test of compacted sand, before and after consolidation by the geopolymer grout. Our results have proven conclusive. In particular, the impact of geopolymer grouts is smaller than 10% on gas permeability, as required by the industrial specifications. Consolidation by geopolymer grouts is also significantly better than an existing chemical grout solution (based on Polyacrylamide)
Fu, Xiaojian. "Coupure Hydraulique et Potentiel de Production en Gaz de Réservoirs de Grès « Tight » : Etude Expérimentale". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0021/document.
Texto completo da fonteSo-called tight gas reservoirs are constituted of low permeability sandstones, which petro-physical properties may interfere with proper gas recovery. They have a low absolute permeability (below 0.1 mD under ambient conditions), a porosity lower than 10%, and a strong sensitivity to in situ stresses as compared to conventional reservoirs. Moreover, an important transition zone is observed in situ, where partial water saturation is present, and which may extend over several hundred meters over the free water table. In such zone, where water saturation is on the order of 40-50%, neither gas nor water seems sufficiently mobile for industrial extraction: this is the permeability jail. Our aim is to assess their actual petro-physical properties, namely porosity, gas permeability under varying hydrostatic stress and water saturation level, in relation with sandstone microstructure. Accessible water porosity measured is between 2 to 12%. The intrinsic permeability to gas did not appeared related to the porosity of samples. A high sensitivity of gas permeability to confinement was observed. Two families of samples were identified. The more permeable samples (permeability between 100-1000 μD), are relatively insensitive to confinement and their relative permeability decrease for water saturation higher than 50%. Less permeable samples appear much more sensitive to mechanical loading and saturation.Methods classically used in oil and gas industry based on the interpretation of mercury intrusion porosimetry tests have also been used to evaluate relative permeability and compared with experimental measurements
Tenn, Nadine. "Amélioration des propriétés barrière à l’eau et au dioxygène des films EVOH et PLA par traitements de surface par plasma froid et incorporation de nanocharges". Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES027.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of the present work was to study the water and oxygen transport properties of EVOH and PLA films destinated for packaging application. Unfortunately, their structural characteristics limit their practical application. In order to overcome this drawback two different types of modification were proposed: surface modification by plasma treatment and bulk modification by incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles. The surface modification of the polymer film was performed by hydrophobic plasma treatment using CF4, CF4/H2 and CF4/C2H2 gases and tetramethyl silane. It was shown that such treatments improved the water barrier properties by decreasing the water solubility in the treated polymer films. The influence of different plasma treatments on the film properties was found to be a function of the polymer nature. Also, the elaboration of nanocomposites based on PLA matrix and Cloisite® 30B nanoparticles were elaborated. The incorporation of impermeable nanoparticles into PLA matrix increased the diffusion pathway due to the tortuous effect. An improvement of the water and oxygen barrier properties was observed due to the decreasing of the permeant molecule diffusion through the nanocomposites. In the case of both modifications, the presence of the plasticization effect was noticed. Finally, the correlation between the transport mechanism and the physical and structural properties of the polymer films was determined
May, Laurence. "Ecoulements diphasiques lors de la vidange de gaz liquéfiés initialement sous saturés. Validation par l'eau et le CFC11". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842921.
Texto completo da fonteNunes, Pitanga Heraldo. "Caractérisation du comportement hydraulique et mécanique des géocomposites bentonitiques et d'autres systèmes géosynthétiques utilisés en couverture de centres de stockage de déchets". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260493.
Texto completo da fonteLa caractérisation du frottement d'interface de géosynthétiques a été réalisée à travers l'emploi de l'équipement « plan incliné », adapté aux faibles contraintes de confinement. Cette étude a montré que les géosynthétiques sont sensibles à la déformation cumulée sur leurs surfaces, ce qui joue sur leurs propriétés de résistance au cisaillement d'interface. Les constats experimentaux conduisent à une discussion sur l'usage des géosynthétiques de renforcement du sol de couverture selon la méthodologie constructive traditionnelle qui utilise ces géosynthétiques pour renforcer l'interface sol-géotextile supposée critique. De plus, des interfaces géosynthétiques avec géocomposites bentonitiques ont été étudiées pour évaluer leur comportement résistant en fonction du degré d'hydratation de la composante bentonite, de l'incidence des cycles de sèchage-humidification, du ruissellement d'eau au niveau de l'interface, de l'humidification de l'interface et du type de géotextile de contact.
Ai, Wei. "Glissement moléculaire dans les matériaux lignocellulosiques : mesures de perméabilité apparente et identification de paramètres morphologiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC074/document.
Texto completo da fontePermeability is one of the important parameters for all processes involving coupled heat and mass transfer. Its value is directly related to the morphology of the pore network, clearly a dual scale organisation in the case of wood. Nowadays, several 3D investigative tools exist, such as micro-tomography or nano-tomography. However, these 3-D investigations fail for the smallest pores active in fluid flow in wood, due to their submicron size. The present work takes advantage of the effect of the mean free path on the apparent gaseous permeability to identify the pore size of the pore network.A balanced approach between experimentation and modelling is proposed. In the first part of the work we have developed an original device for measuring the apparent permeability over a wide range of average pressure. This device was conceived to work without flowmeter: the mass flow is obtained by the relaxation of the pressure difference between two tanks. This device was used to measure the apparent permeability as a function of the average pressure for different materials.The intrinsic permeability values obtained are in good agreement with literature data.The effect of the average pressure on the apparent permeability was analysed to identify structural parameters of the porous media. Starting from a serial / parallel arrangement, the structural parameters are identified by inverse method taking advantage of the dependence of the flow regime with Knudsen's number (from Darcy's regime to pure molecular slip regime when Knudsen's number shifts from zero to infinity).This approach was validated with a monodisperse membrane, whose pore size was determined using a scanning electron microscopy. Structural parameters were then identified on wood samples, measured along different directions and on wood-based materials. They confirm literature data and bring new outcomes, namely regarding the fluid pathway in beech in radial and tangential directions
Allard, Patrick. "Géochimie isotopique et origine de l'eau, du carbone et du soufre dans les gaz volcaniques zones de Rift, marges continentales et arcs insulaires". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375955010.
Texto completo da fonteYang, Diansen. "Caractérisation par la mesure de perméabilité au gaz de l'endommagement mécanique et hydrique dans l'EDZ des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004660.
Texto completo da fonteYang, Diansen. "Caractérisation par la mesure de perméabilité au gaz de l’endommagement mécanique et hydrique dans l’EDZ des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien". Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004660.
Texto completo da fonteThe work presented here covers the investigations on the variation of geomechanical proprieties of the approximately 500 m deep MHM in France (mudstone in the departments of Meuse/Haute-Marne), chosen as a potential medium for nuclear waste disposal by ANDRA. In order to measure the very low permeability of mudstone and to observe the dependency on saturation, a special test scheme on measurement of gas permeability has been developed. In the scheme, in situ referenced stresses have been chosen as the stresses acting on the solid matrix. To estimate the mechanical damage of storage induced by the excavation, laboratory tests on gas permeability have been conducted on samples recovered from different locations situated at different distances from the wall of the main access shaft of the MHM (from 0,1 m to 12,5 m). Results of gas permeability obtained under iso of 11 MPa vary between 10-21 and 10-22 m² and do not show significant variations between damaged zones and intact zones. The variation of gas permeability under the cycle of loading and unloading is not significant. The oviparous intact samples have been imposed different saturations by salt solutions (with HR from 25 % to 98 %) to form a cycle of de- and re-saturation. The characters of mudstone during the sorption and desorption were measured and analyzed. Kgaz under iso of 5 MPa increases from 10-21 to 10-18 m² when the HR decreases from 98 % to 25 %. A quasi-linear relation between log(k) and Saturation has been observed and mathematically formulated. The study of kgaz as a function of deviator stress confirms that the effect of the deviator is not evident, even when the deviator excesses the damage threshold. The deformation and the acoustics velocity of samples have been traced during the tests and the microstructure of mudstone has been studied with the method of mercury intrusion. The factors influencing the measure of gas permeability, such as the Klinkenberg effect, the variation of saturation during the tests, the dissolution of gas in water and the water transformation due to the gas pressure, especially the leak tightness of the testing system, have been discussed in the study
Aubaud, Cyril. "Processus de dégazage et sources mantelliques dans les magmas de type MORB et OIB : le carbone, l'eau et les gaz rares : aspects chimiques et isotopiques". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077011.
Texto completo da fonteParvaresh, Firooze. "Étude et utilisation d'enzymes en phase gazeuse : mise au point d'un bioréacteur gaz-solide". Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD311.
Texto completo da fonteDESMAREST, PHILIPPE. "Etude des proprietes dynamiques de l'eau et des melanges eau-chlorure de sodium pres du point critique gaz-liquide". Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077043.
Texto completo da fonteStinga, Nicoleta Camelia. "Utilisation de la chimie chromatogénique pour la conception et la réalisation de matériaux cellulosiques barrières à l'eau, aux graisses et aux gaz". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10095.
Texto completo da fonteStinga, Nicoleta Camelia. "Utilisation de la chimie chromatogénique pour la conception et la réalisation de matériaux cellulosiques barrières à l'eau, aux graisses et aux gaz". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452688.
Texto completo da fonteDal, Pont Stefano. "Lien entre la perméabilité et l'endommagement dans les bétons à haute température". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001001.
Texto completo da fonteFaure, François. "Etude par simulation moléculaire de la solubilité et de la diffusion de gaz dans des matrices polymères". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112165.
Texto completo da fonte[The study of gas permeation in polymers is at the centre of numerous industrial problems. The aim of this work is to develop a predictive model of gases permeation in polyethylene using molecular simulation. The molecular simulation of long chain molecules such as polymers is very difficult as these molecules have a lot of degrees of freedom to sample. Several Monte Carlo moves, designed specifically for polymers, had to be added to our simulation code. The osmotic ensemble has also been implemented in the code to better reproduce the usual conditions used in permeability experiments. Solubility, by Monte Carlo simulations, and diffusion, by molecular dynamics simulations, have been computed for methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in polyethylene melts in order to validate methodologies and potentials. The results are in good agreement with available experimental data. At lower temperatures, polyethylene is semi-crystalline but only the amorphous phase can be simulated. The influence of the impermeable crystalline phase on the amorphous phase has been modelled in the osmotic ensemble with an isotropic stress which differs from the gas pressure. A value of this stress has been determined by adjustment on experimental data for carbon dioxide in polyethylene. ]
Yuan, Haifeng. "Caractérisation expérimentale des propriétés de poromécaniques et de transfert de l’argilite du COx". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0030/document.
Texto completo da fonteCOx argillite has been selected as the host rock for the storage of high-activity long-live (HALL) radioactive waste in France. It will suffered the gas and water intrusion, sometimes suffered the severe thermal conditions during the sealing process. Therefore, in order to evaluate the safety of this natural barrier, it is very important to understand the poromechanical properties and transport properties of this material as well as the thermal effects. This work use gas to measure Biot’s coefficient and shows that it is nearly equal to 1 in humid conditions. However, there is a gas adsorption and induced an additional swelling deformation on dry material, this effect also has a significant effect on the transport properties of the gas according to its nature. The transport and saturation properties were examined by gas technique and compared with the usual measurements. The tests also show that the permeability of in situ water is about 10-20-10-21 m² and much lower than gas. Lastly, it is found that Biot’s coefficient is not significantly affected by the thermal effect, but the relative gas permeability of argillite is significantly affected by this effect
Lozano, Anne-Laure. "Etude expérimentale du changement de phase liquide/gaz dans un sol hygroscopique : évaporation et condensation de l'eau : dissolution du CO²". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20054.
Texto completo da fonteA theoretical approach of a macroscopic model for describing the water transport in unsaturated porous media leads to develop a phenomenological relation of non-equilibrium phase change. The thermodynamic response to an imposed liquid/vapour non-equilibrium is modelled close and far from equilibrium conditions. Various phenomena of liquid/gas phase change are investigated, such as evaporation, condensation of water and dissolution of CO2. Whatever the mechanism involved in the phase change, large times are observed for the return to equilibrium. This work focuses on the influence of texture, total gas pressure and temperature on the phase change rate. It shows that the kinetics of this phenomenon highly depends on the water thermodynamic state in soil, and that the hygroscopic property of material plays a major role. Some phenomenological interpretations of these results are proposed based on a microscopic description of the return to equilibrium
Lozano, Anne-Laure. "Etude expérimentale du changement de phase liquide/gaz dans un sol hygroscopique - Evaporation et condensation de l'eau, dissolution du CO2". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567001.
Texto completo da fonteGuillon, Sophie. "Détection et migration des gaz dans les milieux géologiques : Expériences et simulations au Laboratoire Naturel de Roselend". Phd thesis, Institut de physique du globe de paris - IPGP, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965028.
Texto completo da fonteFaure, FranÇois. "Etude par simulation moléculaire de la solubilité et de la diffusion de gaz dans des matrices polymères". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193492.
Texto completo da fonteLa modélisation moléculaire des molécules à longue chaîne, comme les polymères, est difficile du fait des nombreux degrés de liberté qu'il faut échantillonner. Cela a nécessité l'implémentation de plusieurs mouvements Monte Carlo spécifiques aux polymères dans le code de simulation. Afin de reproduire au mieux les conditions rencontrées lors des expériences de perméabilité, l'ensemble osmotique a également été implémenté.
Des calculs de solubilité, en Monte Carlo, et de diffusion, en dynamique moléculaire, de gaz dans le polyéthylène fondu ont été menés afin de valider les méthodes et les potentiels utilisés. Les résultats obtenus pour des gaz comme le méthane, le dioxyde de carbone et le sulfure d'hydrogène, sont en bon accord avec les données expérimentales disponibles.
A basse température, le polyéthylène est semi-cristallin mais seule la phase amorphe peut être modélisée. L'influence de la phase cristalline, imperméable aux gaz, sur la phase amorphe a été prise en compte dans l'ensemble osmotique, au moyen d'une contrainte isotrope différente de la pression. La détermination de la valeur de cette contrainte s'est basée sur des données expérimentales de solubilité du dioxyde de carbone dans le polyéthylène.
Nanakassé, Sidiki. "Sur l'utilisation du gel de silice dans des machines frigorifiques à affinité : adsorption de l'eau et du méthanol". Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS070.
Texto completo da fonteMarijon, Grossi Nathalie. "Réalisation de membranes composites à cavités contrôlées pour la perméation gazeuse : introduction de cyclodextrines dans un polymère ionique et dans un polyalcool". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10243.
Texto completo da fonteCoussot, Cahuzac Aline. "Etude de nouveaux monomères et oligomères fluorés photoréticulables : application aux revêtements étanches à l'eau pour fibres optiques télécommunication". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20098.
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