Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Perception du risque – Psychologie sociale"
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Lopez-Vazquez, Esperanza. "Perception du risque, stress et stratégies d'ajustement des sujets en situation de risque de catastrophe naturelle ou industrielle : approche d'une psychologie sociale du risque". Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20097.
Texto completo da fonteLas catástrofes naturales y tecnológicas preocupan nuestras sociedades en todos los niveles (económico, político, social, psicológico) pues éstas son generadoras de perturbaciones capaces de dañar a poblaciones en grande escala. Nuestra investigación, tomando en cuenta diferentes teorías psicosociales y de otras disciplinas cercanas, se fundamenta en el estudio de las consecuencias psicológicas de la exposición a riesgos mayores de poblaciones que han vivido la experiencia de una catástrofe. Es el caso de los habitantes de San Juan Ixhuatepec y de la ciudad de México quienes han conocido un desastre industrial o natural (terremoto) respectivamente. Frente a estas situaciones extremas potencialmente generadoras de estrés, el sujeto debe establecer mecanismos que le permitirán defenderse contra la agresión física y psicológica experimentada. Diferentes estrategias de ajuste pueden ser utilizadas con este fin y el intercambio sujeto-entorno se establecerá siempre de manera dinámica. Se trata de un proceso complejo en el cual las evaluaciones del sujeto intervendrán en el desarrollo de las respuestas de estrés. Estas reacciones no se generarán únicamente en función del agente agresor, otros procesos complejos, tales como la percepción de riesgos, van a intervenir. Suponemos la existencia de una variabilidad entre nuestras dos poblaciones sometidas a dos riesgos extremos diferentes con respecto al nivel de estrés desarrollado y el tipo de estrategias de ajuste utilizadas. La percepción de riesgo, considerando las particularidades de los dos grupos será igualmente diferente, ésta influenciará las respuestas de estrés y de afrontamiento (coping). Los 206 sujetos que hemos entrevistado respondieron a dos escalas: una de coping adaptada (Escala Tolosana de coping) y una de estrés (Escala Tolosana de estrés), además de un cuestionario sobre la percepción de riesgos. Nuestros resultados confirman nuestra hipótesis de variabilidad entre los procesos que se ponen en juego en las reacciones de los sujetos. La relación estrés-estrategias pasivas se distingue en todos nuestros resultados e impide en general la anticipación de los hechos y el afrontamiento directo. El modelo de la percepción de riesgo que proponemos nos permite darnos cuenta de la influencia de las evaluaciones de esta percepción en las respuestas dadas frente el peligro. Estos resultados merecerían investigaciones complementarias que puedan aportar elementos de reflexión para la realización de proyectos sociales de prevención, de tratamiento de riesgos del medio ambiente y des riesgos psicológicos
Natural and technological catastrophes worry our societies in all levels (economical, political, social, psychological) because of disturbances concerning populations in a big scale they generates. Our research taking in account psycho-sociological theories and some others ones in closer disciplines, studies the psychological consequences of people exposed to majors risks in populations who have already lived a catastrophe situation. That is the case of San Juan Ixhuatepec and Mexico City who have experienced an industrial and a natural (earthquake) disaster. Facing these extreme situations that potentially generate stress reactions, individuals have to use defensive mechanisms against physical and psychological aggression. Different coping strategies can be used in this goal and individuals-environmental exchanges will be always dynamic. We are talking about a complex process where evaluations take part in the development of stress responses. Nevertheless these reactions are not only in function of the aggression agent, other complex processes, like risk perception, will take part. We suppose variability between our two populations exposed to two different extreme risks concerning the stress level developed and the coping strategies used. Risk perception, considering two groups particularities, is different and it will influence stress and coping responses. The 206 persons we interviewed answered to two scales (Coping scale of Toulouse adapted and Stress scale of Toulouse) and a risk perception questionnaire. Our results confirm our hypothesis of variability in process of individuals' responses. The relationship of stress-passive strategies outstanding in most of our results obstructs in general anticipation of facts and direct coping. Risk perception model we propose influences evaluations of this perception in responses to danger. Those results deserve to be continued in complementary researches that can be able to participate in prevention social projects and in treatment of environment risks and psychological risks
Jezierski, Théo. "L'acceptabilité sociale d'un outil numérique de prévention des inondations : l'influence de la perception du risque et de la perception de contrôle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nîmes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NIME0009.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the design of a digital flood prevention tool. Our work has two objectives: to determine the psychological levers that can be used to improve the tool's a priori social acceptability, and to evaluate the tool's effectiveness once it has been designed. We are meeting these objectives through three studies. In the first, we use Goal Frame Theory to determine which major motivation is the most important - with regard to perceptions of risk and control - for improving the acceptability of the application. Our results show that normative motivation, which focuses on collective aspects, is the most effective in getting individuals to use the tool. Furthermore, the perception of risk remains a good predictor of the tool's acceptability. Next, with the aim of being able to specifically measure individuals' perception of flood control, we validated an adaptation of the Spheres of Control scale. Our analyses show a correct factor structure in three factors: Flood Control, Personal Control, Controllable Nature. We can therefore use it in our latest study on the evaluation of the digital tool. In a three-stage pre/post study (before - after - 2 weeks after), we measure the effect of the tool on participants' perceptions of risk and control. We also compared the tool with a video on climate risk used as a control group. Our results indicate that participants' knowledge and perception of flood control increased more than the control group after using the tool. However, our study appears to be very expensive, which may have biased our other results.This thesis enabled us to understand that Framework Goal Theory - which had never been used in the field of risk - can be a good predictor of acceptability when accompanied by risk perception. This work led to the creation of a specific insert within the tool to reinforce their motivation to use it. We also showed that the tool could improve people's knowledge and perceptions of the behaviours they should adopt to prevent flooding
Lalande-Markon, Marie-Pierre. "Perceptions et réponses du public aux incertitudes associées aux risques de santé publique: Une investigation par méthodes mixtes". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20258.
Texto completo da fonteDomenech-Dorca, Gwenaël. "Déviances aux normes sexe et sexualité à risque(s) : représentations et impact du genre dans la perception des risques sexuels". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100032/document.
Texto completo da fonteWomen’s access to sexuality without risk is submitted to the perception they have of their partners. Our purpose is to explore the impact of masculinity and femininity representations into the sexual risks perception. Five studies will be presented to test this hypothesis: people who are far from their own sex group standards (deviant man or woman) are seen as people who are taking more risks in their sexuality than people who act in accordance with social prescriptions (physical appearance or behavior) concerning their sex. Our results puts into perspective one part of the literature. For a woman, a person (men or women) who is corresponding to the physical appearance and behavior expectations of her/his own sex group is taking more risks than a person with a typical physical aspect but with opposite social attitudes which are normally recommended (study #3). Standard behaviors, which are socially attributed to men and women, affect directly the image we have of a person (study #5). Indeed, whatever one’s sex, the presentation of a masculine behavior brings to perceive someone as a person who takes more risks than one described with feminine manners
Raude, Jocelyn. "Les consommateurs français à l'épreuve de la crise de la «vache folle» : une approche sociologique et transdisciplinaire des comportements alimentaires face au risque". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0045.
Texto completo da fonteThe mad cow crisis can be viewed as one of the most dramatic food crises of the recent history. In a context of reduction of the risks, this multidimensional crisis was often presented as an irrational phenomenon. The empirical data show nevertheless that this analysis is not acceptable. The crisis indeed affected only consumers' minority over relatively short periods. The question thus is to know on wich conditions and in what extent do the consumers modify their eating habits when they are exposed to a health risk ? Analysis of the data collected during the crises shows that the practices and the food representations previous to the crises - the culinary structures - are probably the best predictors of the observed changes. These empirical results allow us to explain - from individual to society - the variability
Osmont, Anaïs. "Prise de risque à l'adolescence : l'influence du niveau d'incertitude et du contexte socio-émotionnel". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB215/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to account for the characteristics of risk-taking specific to adolescence, new neurocognitive models presuppose a competition between two systems with distinct developmental trajectories: an emotional system and a top-down control system. Indeed, heightened risk-taking in adolescence could result from increased emotional sensitivity in socio-emotional contexts, including the presence of peers, combined with immature control processes underlying emotional regulation. Unfortunately, these models ignore the potential impact of varying levels of uncertainty in risky situations, despite advances in developmental psychology that suggest adolescent's capacities differ between risky decision-making and decision-making under ambiguity. Although adolescents are fully competent at evaluating probabilities and entertaining outcome likelihoods, they fail to make advantageous choices when such information is not directly available but must be inferred from their own experience. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis is to examine the impact of both the information level regarding risks and of the social-emotional context on risk-taking during adolescence. After showing in a first study that adults are largely ambiguity-averse in situations in which information is missing, we investigated the exact developmental trajectory of such ambiguity aversion in children, adolescents and adults. This second study characterizes ambiguity aversion as an affective strategy that gradually develops at the beginning of adolescence, while demonstrating that adolescents display an ambiguity aversion as much as adults. Then, study 3 aimed to clarify the influence of information level on adolescents' risk-taking behaviors by directly comparing informed and uninformed situations. Results showed that adolescents exhibit a suboptimal ability to adjust risk-taking to the risk level in the non-informed condition, but are efficient in making advantageous choices when explicit information is provided. Taken together, the first three studies suggest that heightened risk-taking in adolescence does not result from an increased ambiguity tolerance but rather from a specific impairment of feedback-based learning. Given adolescents' learning impairments in ambiguous situations, study 4 aimed to specify the impact of cautious or risky social influence on risk-taking behaviors, depending on the level of uncertainty. This final study underlies the potential positive influence of peers on risky behaviors. Peers4 experiences could play a particular role by providing social information that is likely to balance the difficulties adolescents have learning from their own experience
Rodionova, Natalia. "La perception sociale du risque sociétal en Russie actuelle". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H063.
Texto completo da fonteThe present study examined recent data on societal risk perception gathered from several russian samples. We try to highlight the activities, the substances and the technologies perceived by russians as "risky" ; which phenomena of the social life or social event they distingushed, defined, or saw as "risk". The sample consisted of 800 Russian people all volounteers with 400 of them living in Moscow. The second part of the sample, 400 people are from Tula, province city distant 300 km from Moscow. Consequently the current survey has studied recent data on risk perception gathered through several Russian samples. We also checked the age, gender and background of the participants. The working hypotheses were that (a) risk perception among the Russians tends to be similar to Westerner's risk perception, (b) the change in risk perception from 1990 to present day should be of the same magnitude among people living in Moscow and mong people living in distant parts of the country, (c) systematic gender differences should be present, with in general women assessing the risk higher than men, and thes e difference should be more accentuated in the distant provinces than in Moiscow, and (d) systematic educational differences should be present, with people trained in technical fields perceiving higher societal risks than people with training in humanities, and these differences should be more noticeable among younger people than among the elderly. These working hypothese were supported by the data. In addition, risk judgements showed a 10-dimension structure that was highly reminescent of factors already found in previous studies conducted in Europe. However, two new factors emerged as specific to the present day Russia : Ostensible wealth and Foreign influence. The present survey has delivered some accurate and interesting data to analyze. In one hand, regarding the societal risk perception, the concerns of Russians tend to become similar to those of western countries. In the other hand we noticed a strong quantity of entry level items which reflect the large social poverty
Rusnac, Natalia. "Comparaison sociale dans le contexte du risque chez des participants sains et en privation chronique de sommeil : impact sur l'auto-évaluation, les affects et le comportement". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG044/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe main goal of this PhD research was to study the consequences of social comparison on implicit and explicit self-evaluation in terms of cautiousness, on affect and on risk-taking behavior. In a series of studies, participants were exposed to a comparison standard who displayed either cautious (high standard) or reckless (low standard) drinking behavior. Results show that participants confronted with the high standard implicitly perceive themselves as more reckless and experience higher levels of anxiety than participants exposed to the low standard. On the other hand, the comparison standard does not influence explicit self-evaluation and controlled behaviors. These results indicate that there might be a dissociation between automatic (implicit) and controlled (explicit) processes involved in social comparison. On an applied level, regarding alcohol prevention campaigns, our findings suggest that it could be more effective to show a cautious standard rather than a reckless one
Raude, Jocelyn. "La dynamique des perceptions des risques sanitaires : le cas des maladies à transmission vectorielle dans les départements français d'outre-mer". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0280.
Texto completo da fonteWhat is the relationship between health risk perceptions and the epidemiological context - especially when it is unstable? As part of this thesis, we focused on the three main components highlighted by Stokols in the analysis of context effects on health behaviors. It is a question of the spatial dimension of the phenomenon (how does the proximity of the risk affect the perception of health risks?). On the other hand, it is the temporal or diachronic dimension of the phenomenon (what are the temporal patterns that characterize the perception of health risks?). Finally, it is the socio-cultural dimension of the phenomenon (to what extent do people's social conditions influence how they perceive risks?). On the basis of a review of the literature and a series of questionnaire surveys conducted in the French overseas departments, we proceeded to verify a series of hypotheses on the spatio-temporal and sociocultural dynamics of perceptions. the risk of vector-borne diseases (dengue, chikungunya and Zika). These data have been presented in three scientific papers that will form the empirical part of this thesis. In general, this research allows us to highlight effects of habituation and / or minimization of health risks that have been poorly documented in the psychological literature. The latter, however, seem to be modulated to a large extent by phenomena of social influence that require better characterization in future research
Terrade, Florence. "Impression subjective de posséder des connaissances et traitement défensif d'un message sur le risque". Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100044.
Texto completo da fonteWhen people are exposed to a risk message, they exhibit a biased systematic processing of the message. Following research in persuasion, personal relevance or prior knowledge moderate this effect. Subjective experience of having knowledge was hypothesized to be a sufficient condition to moderate a biased systematic processing. Subjective experience was manipulated by low vs. High difficulty of a questionnaire about risk (5 experiments) and by ease of retrieval (2 experiments). Assessment of knowledge was about AIDS and messages were about AIDS, Hepatitis B and multiple Sclerosis. When people experiment success (low difficulty condition), they process less defensively the message arguments (though listing task). When they experiment a lack of knowledge (high difficulty condition), they process more defensively and underestimate their personal risk
Muller, Dominique. "Facilitation sociale et comparaison sociale : de la menace de l'auto-évaluation à la focalisation attentionnelle". Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE29022.
Texto completo da fonteThe claim of this work is that mere presence of a coactor leads to an enhancement of attentional focusing to the extent that there is a real or potential threat to self-evaluation. This statement leads to favour an attentional view of social facilitation at the expense of a view in terms of dominant responses (Zajonc, 1965). In order to confront these two alternative explanations of coaction effect, a task that allows measuring illusory conjunctions has been used. This led us to demonstrate in three studies the relevance of the attentionnal view. The claim of this work also leads us to demonstrate that presence of a coactor has an impact on attentional focusing only when comparison with the coactor was upward or could still be upward (i. E. , in mere coaction). Three studies were designed to test further our explanation of these results in terms of threat to self-evaluation
Loubatan, Tabo Augustin. "Analyse économique des comportements de prévention face aux risques de santé". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949540.
Texto completo da fonteCodou, Olivier. "De l'idéologie à le perception sociale, une application du modèle de Doise : le cas du libéralisme". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE2023.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this research is three-fold. First we investigate, in a sery of 6 experimental studies, questions raised by Beauvois in 1976 regarding the relations between occidental people and the liberal ideology or cultural corpus. After having identified some dimensions of the liberal cultural corpus (i. E. , individual freedom, autonomy, hedonism and inter-individual difference), we target everydaylife objects (i. E. , adds and coaching flyers) particularly linked to liberal values. By focusing on the link between ideology and social perception, we show, using a priming paradigm causal relations between the liberal cultural corpus and some dimensions of individualism (i. E. , internality, autonomy and individual inscription). We also identify effects of this cultural corpus on the orientation toward competition. On a cognitive side, we show how the liberal ideology can influence processes such as group homogeneisation and in turn modify judgements. Then, our social perception can become globally modelled by an ideology. Second, at an epistemologic level, we emphasize how the opposition between the cognitive and social views reflects an accepted way of viewing that incites us to reason in a binary and exclusive way. Turning from this common sense and invoking the doise's (1982) model, we show, from methodologic (numeric/verbal; qualitative/quantitative) and theoretical points of views (cultural/idéological; social/cognitive), that integrative or plural approaches can open new scientific fields. Finally, this work has permitted to enrich the priming paradigm. By using complex and ecological primes involving liberal values, we support Bargh (2006) wishes on the evolution of this paradigm. The inter-relations between these three levels permits to investigate in an original manner a theoretical field up to now not or seldomly studied experimentally
Vilain-Carlotti, Pauline. "Perceptions et représentations du risque d'incendie de forêt en territoires méditerranéens : la construction socio-spatiale du risque en Corse et en Sardaigne". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080049/document.
Texto completo da fonteFire is not only a trivial phenomenon, it has also been used as a tool to shape space and landscapes. Thus, considering the perceptions and representations of the risk of forest fire would imply examining the relationship between men and their environment. It would then be possible to report on the way people think, live, see and understand their environment. What if the risk of fire was only pretence to impose a definite project regarding the territory? This critical approach is designed to understand how material and immaterial dimensions are defined on inhabited areas. The focus is shifted from ensuring a better protection against the risk, to deciphering the stakes that lay in the evolving perception of the fire: from simple phenomenon, to risk. This leads to questioning the ontological status of the risk, and to examine it under a new light, as an instrument in the socio-spatial construction. The forest is overgrowing due to inadequate maintenance, which causes landscape closure. In turn, these changes generate vulnerable space structures and a new image of the environment. It seems that the problem is not really fire, but rather the Mediterranean Forest as a resource to be preserved. Protecting the forest means taking possession of the territories. In what way is this forest an asset? It is perceived as a ‘paradise lost’, which should be regained. Also, it is mainly a wealth to be preserved, adding value to real estate and property
Gosselin, Pascale. "Influence de l'expertise sur la jugeabilité sociale". Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20051.
Texto completo da fonteThis study focuses on a frequent, ordinary activity of every day life : judging personality. More precisely, it examines how individuals see themselves as capable of making a judgment about another person based on a range of different information, but relating equally to their assessment of certain factors conditioning that judgment. This thesis seeks to show how this judgmentis influences by a particular positional but personal variable : expertise. The first chapter is a general review of the question of making judgments about personality ; : it covers classical approaches relating to the structure and content of descripion and considers the emergence of impressions from two points of view -the mental processes of individual perception, and the influence of the situation on these processes. The second chapter develops the model of social " judgeability " based on studies confirming the validity of this theory. " Judgeability " is a concept which enables us to understand how judgments are regulated by the information and meta-information indicators which the individual perceives. The third chapter develops a psycho-social model of met-cognition, showing the iumportance of two factors : the context, and the degree of implication of the indifidual in the regulatory processes of judging. Chapter four details one particular form of such insertion : expertise. This is considered as a met-cognitive activity with the capacity to influence social judgeability. Chapers five and six describe research which shows how this influences can be identified. Chapter five demonstrates that the area of competence and the level of competence are both influences on judgeability. Chapter six indicates that the judge's belief in his or her own expertise has a greater influence on social judgeability that the actual level of expertise. The discussion concludes by offering a more general model of the " judgment contract " conceived here as a particular case of a communication contract
Mitteau, Pascal. "Identité et appartenances sociales : une prise en compte du rôle de procédures d'utilisation d'informations liées à la causalité : approche expérimentale". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20074.
Texto completo da fonteAt first, this work aims to reconsider and to extend tajfel's definition of social identiry (1972). Main purpose is suggesting that social identity is not only a consequences from membership in social groups or categories. So, it is attempted to show that identity depends on the manner the subject can consider his or her relation to causal aspects of the social environment. In the theoritical part, the historical evolution of researchs concerned with social comparison processes, since festinger's original theory (1954), is presented. More especially, an analysis, focused on the differences between tajfel's and festinger's theories, suggestes that social comparison studies are fundamentally based on the model of a subject knowing dynamic aspects of the environment, and not only static aspects as those represented by self-attributes inferred from categorical memberships. In the empirical part, three quasi-experimental investigations are reported in which subjects can utilize causality relevant informations during a self-presentation task
Doyen, Stéphane. "Amorçage social :mythe ou réalité? de la réplication à un examen par électromyographie". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209353.
Texto completo da fonteLe premier chapitre est consacré aux différentes conceptualisations de l’amorçage en vogue au sein de deux disciplines sœurs que sont la psychologie cognitive et la cognition sociale. Grâce à une série d’éléments historiques et théoriques, je montre en quoi les différentes conceptions de ce phénomène se recoupent, mais divergent aussi profondément. En outre, à l’aide de cet examen de la littérature, j’expose les questions que soulèvent toujours à ce jour les mécanismes rendant compte du phénomène d’amorçage social.
Ainsi, en psychologie cognitive, il est largement reconnu que l’amorçage est sous-tendu par un processus de diffusion d’activation entre la représentation activée par l’amorce et celle de la réponse comportementale. Ce postulat implique entre autres qu’un amorçage trop faible, par exemple subliminal, ne porte pas suffisamment d’activation que pour engendrer des effets à un niveau sémantique. Par contre, en cognition sociale, l’induction d’effets de nature sémantique, par la présentation d’amorces subtiles ou peu perceptibles, semble bien démontrée et ne poserait aucun problème théorique particulier. Ces effets seraient expliqués par le recours à des voies directes entre représentation activée et comportement, court-circuitant la structuration sémantique des connaissances. Cette affirmation ne semble néanmoins soutenue par aucun argument empirique spécifique.
En vue de trancher dans ce débat, j’ai décidé de revenir à la base du concept d’amorçage en cognition sociale et de tenter d’en comprendre ses mécanismes. Pour ce faire, j’ai tenté de répliquer une des expériences les plus emblématiques de cette littérature : l’expérience 2 de Bargh, Chen et Burrows (1996). Cette démarche, présentée dans le chapitre 2, a tout d’abord permis d’établir que cette expérience ne peut être répliquée aisément. Ensuite, elle a montré que certains aspects environnementaux étaient déterminants dans cette situation expérimentale, indiquant que les amorces seules étaient insuffisantes pour activer le comportement. Enfin, ces travaux ont mis en évidence que la méthode des phrases mélangées ne garantissait pas que le processus soit non conscient.
Suite à cette série de tentatives de réplication échouées, ainsi qu’aux nombreuses discussions qu’elles ont engendrées, j’ai décidé de m’intéresser plus particulièrement à la problématique que représente la réplication en psychologie.
Dans une approche exposée dans le chapitre 3, je distingue les réplications directes des réplications conceptuelles et expose leurs bienfaits et dangers. Aussi, je montre que la littérature sur l’amorçage social, phénomène jugé comme incontestable en cognition sociale, émane d’une littérature principalement fondée sur un ensemble de réplications conceptuelles. Ceci soulève un nombre important de problèmes, dont le fait de considérer tant de résultats hétérogènes comme relevant d’un seul et même phénomène d’amorçage, alors que les processus qui le sous-tendent demeurent encore sous-spécifiés.
Pour faire face à ces problèmes, j’ai décidé de changer d’approche. Il s’agira donc d’opérationnaliser l’amorçage social dans une situation expérimentale offrant plus de contrôle et permettant d’observer plus directement certains de ses processus. Dans le chapitre 4, je rapporte les résultats des études que ce paradigme combinant à la fois mesures électromyographiques et Implicit Association Test a permis de réaliser. Ceux-ci permettent d’esquisser une dynamique des étapes de traitement impliquées dans la mise en place de comportements induits par l’activation de représentations de nature sociale, comme les stéréotypes. Plus particulièrement, ils montrent que l’accès à ces représentations nécessite la mobilisation de ressources attentionnelles, soulignant à nouveau l’importance de variables modératrices dans un phénomène pourtant considéré largement comme automatique.
À l’issue de cette dissertation, j’espère avoir offert au lecteur une base pour percevoir et comprendre les défis encore à relever pour le champ de la littérature relatif à l’amorçage social. Ce faisant, j’espère avoir également ébauché une piste de solution potentielle visant à mieux appréhender et décrypter les processus du phénomène d’amorçage social.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Auzoult, Laurent. "Influence sociale d'une figure d'autorité dans une tache perceptive". Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100095.
Texto completo da fonteWe examine the processes of perceptual influence initiate by a formal or epistemic authority. The genetic models of influence lead to predict principally direct changes with this source. Nevertheless, some studies also suggest that the use of imperative communications could support sociocognitif conflict and cause indirect changes. The level of change could also depend on the type of perceptual task, which could be an objective task (TONA) or an aptitude task (TAP). Five studies are accomplished individually or in group, with a high statute source or an expert. We measure direct and indirect influence and also the attention of subjects with a computer procedure. Results reveal that an authority produce direct changes which are function of the amplitude of divergence with the targets of influence and indirect perceptual changes (study 1). These indirect changes appear with injunctions in TONA and without injunction in TAP (study 2). Injunctions produce a cognitive activity of individualization of the source (study 3) and cause the denial of the message of the source (study 4). Precisely, indirect perceptual changes are linked up with attention in time on the perceptual object when the source uses injunctions in TONA (study 5) or when an expert source introduces a sociocognitif conflict into TAP (study 6)
Gamond, Lucile. "Rôle des covariations dans la formation des premières impressions : études comportementales et électrophysiologiques". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066086.
Texto completo da fonteCroizet, Jean-Claude. "L'amorçage dans la formation des impressions : l'applicabilité des amorces, l'applicabilité de la réponse". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE29061.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis first reports the functional evolution of the conceptualization of priming effects on impression formation, second, emphasizes the necessity to reconsider some conclusions about the inefficiency of non applicable primes. The book is composed of two parts each comprised of two chapters. The first part is concerned with the "assimilation effect". In the first chapter, the priming paradigm is presented; the classical studies and the theoretical hypotheses are reviewed in the second chapter. The second part is concerned with the applicability issue : the third chapter is a critical review on contrast effects, showing the necessity to modelize the priming effect at a higher level, including not only the encoding step, but also the following ones (e. G. Response translation); in the fourth chapter, the issue of the efficiency of nonapplicable primes is reconsidered in the light of this conceptual evolution and from a critical examination of the classical studies. In order to account for these findings, the author brings about a hypothesis which combines two levels of applicability : primes applicability and response applicability. Several findings consistent with this hypothesis demonstrated that in some situations the exposure of non applicable primes affects person perception
Richetin, Juliette. "A propos du geste cosmétique : de ses effets sur la formation d'impression à ses associations implicites en mémoire". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20006.
Texto completo da fonteThe CNRS National Research Group "Cosmetics and Perfumes" associating seven industrial partners and six other laboratories has studied the effects of cosmetics use. More specifically, our research team has dealt with facial make-up and its impact on impression formation. Two series of studies on similar populations show that at explicit level, make-up is associated to attractiveness and negative personality traits, whereas at implicit level, make up is associated to positive social objects. The two sets of apparently inconsistent results we have obtained emphasize the need to avoid considering only implicit attitudes when predicting behaviors towards women wearing make-up. Therefore, this work shows the complexity of the underlying processes involved in the social perception of such an unremarkable and commonly performed behavior as the use of cosmetics
Lopez, Pelaez Juanita. "La construction sociale du risque à Medellin (Colombie) : gouvernance locale et représentations". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0071.
Texto completo da fonteThis work analyses the process of social construction of risk in Medellin. Since the middle of the 20th century "natural" disaster due to landslides, floods and flashfloods has caused over 1,000 deaths, affecting over 50,000 people and destroying over 5,000 homes. Although the city itself has been marked by a great catastrophe, understood in its classic sense, such as Villatina in 1987, disasters are mostly "small disasters" that affect the daily lives of informal settlement inhabitants. Nevertheless, their accumulated "major effects" in time and space have historically been brushed aside by the affected people themselves as well as by local authorities. The pattern of disasters shows the way in which social segmentations have taken place resulting in particular from a heterogeneous distribution of public utilities, leading to the accelerated degradation of a geographically constraining site. This context is common to other Andean cities as well as, in general, to aIl developing cities. The main interest of this case study is that a lot of resources have been invested in the last three decades in attempting to assess and manage risk. Medellin is also the city where different urban risks at various levels coexist, particularly in regard to the Colombian political conflict, making risk assessment more difficult. Through a large field research, this study looks at the relationships that exist between public policies, actions and social representations of risk and disasters. The dissertation is organized in three main parts: first accumulated effects of disasters are analyzed from a historical point of view and in relation to the underlying causes of "vulnerability as well as the roots of the public debate about risk. Secondly, it analyses the main strategies of risk reduction that have been applied. Finally, it analyses the contradictions between risk governance and disaster response and the difficulties of achieving risk governance from a bottom-up perspective. Instead of being a framework allowing us to understand the complexity of elements that compose risk and to move towards a sustainable urban development, this work brought us to the conclusion that local public risk management policies have been used mainly as a tool to constrain informal urban development. As a consequence, this fragmented vision has inhibited the improvement of a more holistic and multi-hazard approach concerning the conurbation as a whole and, in the other hand, it has aggravated the risk conditions of the most vulnerable groups of the population
Voigt, Sabine. "Appartenance de groupe et dilution des stéréotypes : une affaire d'appartenance ou d'homogénéité ?" Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H005.
Texto completo da fonteDilution of stereotypes describes the tendency to depart from stereotypes when people have to judge a specific target person on the basis of his category membership and some nondiagnostic individuating information. Dilution depends on different factors like type of non diagnostique information or number of judgments requested. Theses factors don't have the same importance according to the theories trying to explain the phenomen (representativeness heuristic vs social judgeability). The studies presented in this thesis are questioning the role played by group membership and intracategoriel homogeneity over the dilution effect. Finally, our studies confirm the role played by homogeneity. However, social judgment seems also depend on group membership
Taillandier, Anne. "Influence des processus cognitifs et motivationnels sur la perception de variablité intragroupe et sur les attitudes intergroupes : vers une articulation". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF20002.
Texto completo da fonteThe main aim of this research has been to see how differing theoretical models (social cognition and intergroup relations) each with their specific explanatory frameworks, could be combined to explain certain group phenomena. We looked particularly at two theoretical models relating to ingroup homogeneity effect and pro-ingroup bias. The first is essentially cognitive, focusing on the intraindividual level (mullen's integrative model), and the second motivational, based on positional analysis (social identity theory and especially the work of simon and brown). Some shortcoming in previous research concerning the conceptualization and application of one of the key variables (the concept of minority) are highlighted. In fact, advocates of the two models attribute differing meaning to the concept "minority". Mullen focuses on the numerical component, while simon and brown insist on the social one. We attend that these two models are applicable to different social contexts, depending on the importance of identity as a factor in a given situation. Mullen's model would be therefore relevant only in contexts where identity is a non-dominant factor. Two series of four experiments were proposed. In the first series, numerical and positional differences between the groups were systematically altered in order to determine the effect on the perception of group differences and on pro-ingroup bias. As social identity here was not seen to be at stake, it was expected that group size would be a more significant factor. In the second series, where the subjects's social identity was a crucial factor, we expected a much stronger status effect. Notwithstanding, a fairly strong, assertive cognitive factor remained evident, even in small groups
Régner, Isabelle. "Origine sociale et comparaison intragroupe : études expérimentales d'une stratégie d'autoprotection chez les élèves défavorisés". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20004.
Texto completo da fonteBernier, Sandrine Charlotte. "Perceptions des risques industriels et nucléaires : enjeux, négociations et construction sociale des seuils d'acception des risques". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2030.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we will question the perceptions of industrial risks in the occidental world at the beginning of the 21st century. For this purpose we will try to understand how concepts such a sustainable development, precautionary principle or zero-risk bias have progressively developed around a thought model based on the scientific rationality. This model is now undermined by its incapacity to fully address the issues it raises and completely avoid the potential risks. However, despite consistent weaknesses, it remains a reference value moulded by past accidents which have led to the making of laws aiming mainly at defining liability and protecting those who are held liable. Thus, public information becomes a requirement for democracy and the protection of this thought model. Differents lobbies that constantly redefine the limits of risk acceptance. We come to the realization that our value system remain unchallenged even though undergoing a crisis
Michinov, Nicolas. "Etudes expérimentales de quelques déterminants des stratégies de comparaison sociale". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20083.
Texto completo da fonteSince social comparison theory, many works tried to determine the direction of comparison : upward, downward or lateral. The first part of the thesis consisted in a critical review of the literature in which two classical measures can be distinguished : choice of a comparison target and preference judgment about different targets (e. G. , work partner). It appeared that motivational explanations conducted researchers to neglect that social comparison was an individual and dynamic cognitive process. Studies have only examined social comparison strategies in a static perspective an have neglected to study their social determinants as sociocultural value of dimensions. The second part of the thesis described three experiments. Subjects (high, low and medium achievers) whose performance on a highly vamied task (geometry) or a low-moderately valued task (drawing) where either not evaluated (neutral position), evaluated positively (superiority position), or negatively (inferiority position) by an experimenter. The task consisted in looking for information about stimulus persons from whom they had to choose one work partner. A "process tracing method" permitted to examine more precisely the process of gathering comparative information about other people presented in a matrix on a computer screen. Results suggest that subjects used different social comparison strategies, particularly after an inferiority experience on a high valued task
Sautkina, Elena. "Le vol à la tire : facteurs environnementaux et psychosociaux de l'interaction voleur - victime". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H065.
Texto completo da fonteThis research adopts a systemic approach of victim-pickpocket interaction (pickpocketing is a surreptitious theft of object from individual's pockets) The research was carried out in Paris and Moscow following the same methodology. The results show that pick-pocketing risk perception in situ by potential victims is based on their social representations and sereotypes of pickpocketing, as well as on those concerning places where these thefts occur. The pickpocket's choice of potential targets and places to commit this offence is founded on his/her representations of the victim's propitious behaviour, as well as the places favorable for the theft. The research highlights an opposition between two ways of knowing the same environement : in terms of interests, from the point of view of the pickpocket ; and in terms of risk control possibilities, from the point of view of the victim
Verlhiac, Jean-François. "L'effet de faux consensus et jugement social : une contribution expérimentale". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20085.
Texto completo da fonteThe author undertakes a review of questions of the literature concerning the false consensus effect (f. C. E. ), that is the tendency of a subject to think that his opinions are appropriated, while he judges opinions of others rather abnormal when they differ from its point of view. He shows that relatively general cognitive processes entail the presence of the f. C. E. But he pleads for a large taken into account of this phenomenon as social adaptation strategy of the subject to changing properties of the context in which he is placed. In this framework, the author shows the importance of the context that determines the strengthening or the weakening of the f. C. E. . More precisely, he notes that the adjustment of consensus judgements to properties of the environment depends on the context of presentation of information to purpose of the consensus that subjets believe to have in their possession. Finally, the author shows how the social context generates specific reasoning dynamics to configurations that it takes
Quiamzade, Alain. "Influence sociale et élaboration du conflit dans les tâches d'aptitudes : le conflit d'incompétences". Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE29021.
Texto completo da fonteDiaz, Diana. "L'intelligence sociale et la représentation du père : une étude comparée". Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20012.
Texto completo da fonteThe social intelligence, one of the three intelligence's categories denoted by thorndike in 1920 is this dissertation's subject. Social intelligence means the actions towards others and the behaviors in the interpersonals relationships. Social intelligence has been mesured through two of its components: social self esteem and interpersonal problemsolving. The question is to know the influence of the father on his children's social intelligence. Father's influence will be envisaged through his "educative presence" perceived by his children. The framework used here is the social behaviorism, particularly bandura's social learn theory and the social interactions premises. Relationship between father's "educative presence" and interpersonal problem-solving is positive. Relantionship between father's "educative presence" and social self esteem is more complex
Lemoine, Jérémy. "Jeu de hasard : prise de risque, représentation sociale et addiction". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML005.
Texto completo da fonteDecision-making, as well as addiction, are influence by a combination of three sets of factors: the situation, the object and individual differences (Appelt, Milch, Handgraaf, & Weber, 2011; Bonnaire, 2009; Einhorn, 1970; Griffiths, 2003). Each of these factors corresponds to a chapter of this thesis. In Chapter 1, the influence of the situation is investigated through the effect of Social Context. The influence of the Social Context is studied through, the Mere Presence of an Audience and through the presence of a Competitive Climate. In Chapter 2, the influence of the object is investigated through the effect of the knowledge of the object: risk-taking behavior is studied when participants are confronted to a known game and when they are confronted to an unknown game. In Chapter 3, the influence of individual differences is investigated through the effect of Self-Esteem on risk-taking behaviors. Two measures of Self-Esteem are used: the first one is a general measure of Self-Esteem while the second one is composed of two dimensions distinguishing Self-Liking and Self-Competence. The Social Representation Theory describes a relation between Social Representation and behavior. In this line, Chapter 4 investigates the Social Representation of risk in a gambling context with two studies. The first study is done via free association tasks and the second study is based on interviews with both gamblers who have gambling disorders and gamblers who do not have gambling disorder
Montalan, Benoît. "Etude de l'influence de la catégorisation sociale sur les processus perceptifs : une approche comportementale et électrophysiologique". Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL045.
Texto completo da fonteTraditionally, social categorization is viewed as a socio-cognitive antecedent to numerous social phenomena studied in the domain of social perception and intergroup relations. Today, neuroimaging techniques allow us to study the social categorization with a new eye, in particular towards its possible influence on the perceptual processes underlying object processing with strong social connotation (faces and words). Indeed, while the modular approach of the visual system considers that the perceptual processes are exempted from any (socio)-cognitive penetrability, more and more experimental evidence tends to underline that the latters are subject to top-down effects. As such, our experimental contributions aimed at bringing to light the existence of a socio-cognitive penetrability of the perceptual processes in line with social categorization. To answer this objective, we used event-related brain potentials (ERP), this technique being particularly suited to study the various stages of visual stimulation processing, and in particular the perceptual. Having reviewed the main works on the categorization of physical and social objects and having evoked data and theories relative to the perceptual implications of a racial categorization (the other-race effect), we pursued two objectives. The first one aimed at specifying at the neuronal level the racial categorization effects on the perceptal processes and on the facial expression processing. The second attempted to specify, based on a minimal group paradigm (MGP), the influence of social categorization on the perceptual stages of facial and linguistic stimulus processing. Our data showed that 1) social categorization – racial and minimal – may influence on a top-down manner the perceptual precesses underlying face processing, 2) this perceptual discrimination of faces on the basis of a racial categorization tends to operate in an automatic and uncontrollable way, 3) racial categorization leads to an in-group advantage in facial expression processing and 4) social categorization effects on the perceptual processes can spread to the processing of non-facial stimuli (words). Globally, our data suggest that the early perceptual stage of face and word processing is likely to be penetrable by motivationnal top-down effects stemming from social categorization
Housiau, Pascal. "La dépendance contextuelle des processus perceptifs : construction de l'"identité humaine" et anticipation des interactions menaçantes". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100156.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim was to test the hypothesis that cognitive modalities which determine the construction of human nature would be specific insofar as they stem from processes that are based on ideological beliefs and functioning. Four experiments enabled us to discredit this hypothesis by showing that cognitive processes, activated whilst dealing with situations concerning the representations of man or that of an animal, stem more likely from individual causes relative to interactive situations and to the anticipation of a territorial threat The firsi experiment came from our initial idea, that in individualspecies relations, an "ontem" is in play for man but not for animals, so much so that the cognitive modalities of the construction of the representation of man were the opposite of those creating the representation of an animal. A second experiment placed the hypothesis in the paradigm of asymmetries in situations where both are present. We again noted that the processes are différent for man and for animals. In a third experiment we included the concept of a territorial threat and tested if what is true for a bird is also true when the animal considered is threatening : a bull. The results were found true for a bird, but the results found for a bull are identical to those results that founded the human model, therefore the problem was reformulated insisting this time on the importance of competitive interactions rather than on general processes at work in the perception of man and of animals. In fact, when we carried out the first experiment again, replacing deer by wolves (fourth experiment), the animal model is inverted and appears close to the human model. The interest of distinguishing between an objective and symbolic threat is shown in a fifth experiment
Alliot, Liliane. "Effets des processus de catégorisation croisée sur les perceptions intergroupes". Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT3018.
Texto completo da fonteThe question of crossed categorization in an organization can fit well into a perspective of societal psychology, favouring positional and ideological explanations of this fact (Doise, 2000). In this perspective, this research aims to show the effects of crossed memberships on perceptions between professional groups, and also to study, in a more modest manner, certain differences introduced by variables linked to the work situation, and by factors such as motivation and personality. Three perceptive variables are studied : the perception of the value of groups, of the value of social relationships and of intragroup variability. The main study was carried out on a population of 315 doctors and nurses of both sexes working in hospitals. The results reveal normative processes at work in intergroup perceptions, showing why it is necessary to complement the study of cognition with a study of ideology. Mechanisms of categorical salience between professional and sexual status emerge. Forms of implicit discrimination between the professional groups studied can be seen. The consideration of the distinction between desirability and utility (Beauvois 1990, 1994, 1995) gives a clearer understanding of the dynamic of intergroup biases. The description of perceptive strategies of dominants is given great importance. Definitively, positional variables alone influence the perception of groups and of social relationships. Situational, motivational and personality factors considered only have a slight impact, limited to some perceptive content. It is, however, important to note that judgments of intragroup variability are influenced by the numerical status of groups present rather than by the categorical memberships of the participants
Denis-Rémis, Cédric. "Approche de la maitrise des risques par la formation des acteurs". Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1497.
Texto completo da fonteTraining is now considered as the most commonly used way to achieve risk management learning, by making people produce safety behaviours. We have deeply thought about safety behaviours related to industrial risk management and focused on the actions that are likely to make them emerge, mainly by risk representation. We have built a behaviour production model, focused on operational goals and based on a cognitive and affective approach coupled with a situational approach. We therefore called upon persuasive communication and commitment theory. We have designed a risk management training dedicated to a pharmaceutical group, aimed to change its “culture”. By setting an experimental program, we helped in producing knowledge useful for action. In parallel, we took interest in an informative and behavioural training dispensed by fire fighters, well-recognised for its positive impact on safety. By studying its action levers, we have improved its performance and built the basis of committing training concept. Risk management training should be a specifically designed process instead of a generalist informative tool. When people switch into a behavioural mode, they become actual actors of risk management
Koll, Peter. "Risque et naturalité. De la naissance de l'objet 'société' et la (dé-)subjectivation : une généalogie". Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/156506394#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completo da fonteThe object of the following text appears as a genealogy of risk. This appearance is conveyed first through a reading of the sociological meaning risk has taken, according to which risk concerns the very structure of modern society. Thus the genealogy we undertake will concern the birth of the object called 'society', which indeed appears firstly as a new type of objectivity. In order to grasp the meaning of this latter concept, understood as a discursive function, we propose to 'read' – in the texts of so-called classical sociology – "society" as a function on a (discursive) field of naturality. Based on this thesis an account is developed of the paradoxical nature of naturality, which paradox can be expressed as the 'internal outside of society'. This paradox will allow us to fully appreciate the genealogical meaning of risk, which will then appear as the dispositif that expresses and reinforces the paradox which is inherent to the nature of society
Le, Poultier François. "Processus sociocognitifs, travail social et inadapation sociale". Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE29013.
Texto completo da fonteThe doctoral thesis presents and proposes interpretations of results obtained in experimental investigations centred on a kind of social practices : the practices of social work, and articulated with theoretical framework issued of social cognitive psychology. The main concepts of social cognitive psychology were used : categorization, prototypical construction, implicit personality theories, illusory correlation, systematic distortion, attribution, explanation of reinforcements and psychologization. The analysis of these cognitive processes in social workers's practices did not give opposite results to those obtained when the processes are studied in the conception of "man as scientist". But it was shown that the effects are dependant of other factors. Their importance is due to the kind of people' social implications with analyzed informations. The analysis of results shows that there were normativ and ideological effects of cognitive processes in social work. These results reinforce a socio-cognitive conception of "man as ideologic"
Morcillo, Agnès. "Représentations et comportements socio-scolaires chez le collégien". Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20094.
Texto completo da fonteMerzouk, Rachid. "L' expérience du handicap : une quête de sens : pour une sociologie clinique du handicap". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070008.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines the meaning of physical disability which approached as a biographical experience which is both psychic and social. This experience is analysed using life historics of several people living with physical disability. This requires clinical sociology to take into account both psychic and social aspects of disability experience. This experience is composed of a series of social practices "justified" by the disability which attest to the contradictory processes which face "handicapped" people. These processes deal with several sectors of their life history including emotional, family and work. . . The results indicate the centrality of the identity question in the disability experience. People identified as "handicapped" are put in situations of "identity swing" between ordinary identity, usually "reserved" for people in good health and "handicapped" identity related to disability. It is in face-to-face interactions that "handicapped" people experience their specific identity issues and those of their handicap in general. This doctoral thesis concludes by calling for a new concept to describe the reality of people with disability who are not longer all kept at the margins (liminality). This suggests the need to develop a clinical sociology of disability
Mignon, Astrid. "Théorie de la valeur et connaissance évaluative dans la situation de première impression". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20004.
Texto completo da fonteRastoul, Claire. "Comparaison sociale et représentations de l'intelligence : une tentative d'intégration". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20005.
Texto completo da fonteGraziano, Maxime Genelot Emilie Serrhini Kamal. "Sémiologie Graphique Expérimentale (SGE) pour une cartographie efficace du risque d'inondation /". Tours : Polytech'Tours, Aménagement, 2009. http://www.applis.univ-tours.fr/scd/EPU_DA/2009PFE_Genelot_Emilie.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteRenier, Laetitia. "Meta-Perception at Work: Empirical and Theoretical Evidence for the Inclusion of Meta-Perception and its Accuracy in Organizational Behavior". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/286758.
Texto completo da fonteDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Verdon-Best, Claire-Marie. "Attribution d'intention à autrui dans une perspective "life-span" et dans la démence de type Alzheimer". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H034.
Texto completo da fonteObjective : A core component of social functioning is the capacity to attribute mental states to others and to understand intention as psychological cause. Methods: Ninety children. Twentyfive healthy young adults. Twenty-five healthy elderly and twenty elderly with DAT, were presented a cartoon task requiring to process physical or psychological cause of events. Results: Children performed as well as healthy adults from 6 years old, Healthy young adults performed at ceiling and there was no significant difference between healthy young adults and healthy elderly for each condition. Patients with DAT at onset scored significantly lower than controls when they had to reason about psychological causation, while they did flot differ for reasoning about physical causation. These results suggest that impaired understanding of intention in others may be considered as an early socio-cognitive index of onset of DAT
Safont-Mottay, Claire. "Orientation de soi à l'adolescence : ses relations avec l'estime de soi et la compétence sociale". Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU2A015.
Texto completo da fonteThe following research highlights the relations between personality building processes and projet formation among adolescents. To unveil structural framework based upon a systemic concept of personality. The theory of inter-structuring process between the subject and the institutions underlies the approach. We chose to emphaze the issue of projet formation while focusing on two components of personality : identity (as related to self-esteem) and social competence. Identity, considered as a sub-systm of personality, operates through lifetime in relation to personal grouth. We define social competence using an inter-personal problem-solving model. The study has been conducted among youths of fourteen to sixteen years of age. The measuring instruments included : a self-esteem scale, a test of social-competence, a test designed to uncover project strategies and a questionaire geared toward scheduling issues, age and projet references. Results of the analysis show that high self-esteem is associated with a better handling of time (projects more sophisticated and more involving, broader perspectives). Morewer, the study demonstrates that high social competence conditions the choice for structured project strategies
Tarquinio, Cyril. "Diagnostic social et rapport social : étude expérimentale de l'intervention des registres évaluatif versus descriptif dans le jugement social". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20005.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is to clarify the outline of the intervention of the evaluative versus descriptive registers in social judgement introduced by beauvois et dubois. Two main ideas have been developed. The first one stresses the fact that the calling up of these two registers depends on the presence of a tangible link between target and the perceiver, specified by a relationship based on influence (domination) and social control which the impact of the social and the positioning of the perceiver toward an evaluative treatment of social information. To ratify such a position, we have resorted to two experimental groups; the first one was composed of social services assistants and the second one of students. The results show that when the connection to the target involves an influential relation on the perceiver behalf, the most evaluative descriptors are more widely used (within the context of the paradigm of the relationship between memory and judgement) or more attainable (within the context of the paradigm of the differential decision)
Charbonnier-Brigaud, Emmanuelle. "Paresse sociale (social loafing) et croyances auto-repérées : une approche expérimentale du rôle de l'unicité du soi en situation de travail collectif". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20018.
Texto completo da fonteVézina, Philippe. "L'influence de la rétroaction positive sur l'estime de soi social, la perception de l'efficacité personnelle sociale, le dialogue interne et l'anxiété sociale dans un contexte de communication verbale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43055.
Texto completo da fonteChataigne, Christine. "Activation de valeurs et déterminabilité sociale : impact sur des priorités de valeurs et sur des attitudes discriminatoires". Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE2014.
Texto completo da fonteAre value priorities changed by social influence situations? If so, by what processes? Does that affect discriminatory attitudes? To examine these questions, we used basic human value theory (Schwartz, 1992), the values as truisms approach (Maio & Olson, 1998) and social determinability approach (Schadron & Morchain, 2008). We conducted 8 experiments, which showed that high social determinability changed the value priorities of individuals in the direction of values supported by the normative context. Moreover, value priorities moderated the impact of social determinability on discriminatory attitudes of social dominance. Concerning the processes, we found that social determinability led individuals to be more consistent and to justify more the reasons for their opinions, although they are not conscious of these effects. We think that this occurs because determinability increases their sensitivity to normative contextual influences without their recognizing it. In addition, we found that even though social determinability situations influenced all individuals, the effects induced differ as a function of their degree of self-monitoring. We discuss the relationships between social determinability situations and the normative context, others’ expectations in the interaction, the basic paradigms of social influence, self-schemata, and self-monitoring