Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Pathologies pulmonaires"
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Couffin, Rozenn Lagarde André. "Inter-relations pathologie générale et pathologie odonto-stomatologique pathologies pulmonaires /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/CDcouffin.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteFlamein, Florence. "Anomalies génétiques d'ABCA3 dans les détresses respiratoires néonatales sévères et les pathologies alvéolo-interstitielles de l'enfant". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066290.
Texto completo da fonteMontigaud, Yoann. "Modèles précliniques ex vivo pour l'étude de la délivrance pulmonaire d'aérosols dans le traitement de pathologies pulmonaires". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEM028.
Texto completo da fontePulmonary delivery seem to be a preferential choice for the treamt of respiratory diseases. However, optimal targeting should be reached to increase efficacy and decrase the risk of side effects. Thus, research is needed to improve aerosol delivery devices. However, ethical restrictions related to human experiment are not in agreement with the previous statement. Therefore, preclinical model are needed but could lack of relevance or generated date could be hard to extrpolate. The present work aimed to develop a panel of preclinical ex vivo respiratory models to systematise knowledge to facilitate the clinical transfer of aerosol technologies. For each developed ex vivo model, the aerosol deposition pattern was assessed and compared to human and/or animal data to ensure the extrapolability of the results and to position the model among the available preclinical models. Applications, such as the optimal position of a nebuliser during invasive mechanical ventilation or the deposition profile of electronic cigarette aerosol, were performed. The developed ex vivo models showed comparability with patients deposition profile of aersosol, as well as their utility as a new preclinical tool fitting 3R guidelines to complete exisiting preclinical models in aerosol therapy
Merrien, Florence Caroff Nathalie. "Pathologies pulmonaires liées aux endotoxines bactériennes le modèle de la byssinose /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteButeau, Marion. "Analyse d'images radiographiques du thorax pour l'aide au diagnostic des pathologies pulmonaires". Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10011.
Texto completo da fonteKryza, Thomas. "Etude de l'implication de la kallicréine 12 dans le remodelage tissulaire associé aux pathologies pulmonaires". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3314.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we studied the involvement of the serine protease kallikrein-12 (KLK12), in lung carcinogenesis. The KLK12 is known to be overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer but its role in carcinogenesis is not clearly established. Our work shows that it possesses a proangiogenic effect on pulmonary endothelial cells. Indeed, KLK12 stimulates lung endothelial cells migration notably by modulating the extracellular matrix architecture. On the other hand, KLK12 regulates the bioavailability of growth factors associated with angiogenesis such as plateletderived growth factor-B. In addition, our work has identified a possible regulation of the expression of KLK12 by hypoxia, which would explain its overexpression in lung tumors and would reinforce its involvement in angiogenesis. The confirmation in vivo of these mechanisms could help consider KLK12 as a therapeutic target for regulating tumor angiogenesis
GOUALIN, POUSSET PASCALE. "Interet du diagnostic echographique dans la prise en charge des pathologies pleuro-pulmonaires du foetus". Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE1054.
Texto completo da fonteAndrault, Pierre-Marie. "Rôle des cathepsines à cystéine dans la régulation du peptide antimicrobien LL-37 lors de pathologies inflammatoire chroniques pulmonaires". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4035/document.
Texto completo da fonteDuring chronic inflammatory lung diseases like cystic fibrosis or COPD, proteases/antiproteases imbalance leads to pulmonary tissue degradation and compromise antimicrobial barrier. Cysteine cathepsins are involved in the proteolytic inactivation of several lung antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as SLPI, lactoferrin and β- defensins -2 and -3 during emphysema or cystic fibrosis. During this thesis, we studied the ability of cathepsins B, K, L and S to degrade LL-37, which is an important AMP in lung immunity. Only cathepsins K and S degrade readily LL-37 and inactivate its antimicrobial property. Conversely, LL-37 is a competitive inhibitor of cathepsin L. Beside, lung expression of human cathepsin S is significantly increased in smokers with or without COPD compared to non-smokers. Cigarette smoke that is a major source of oxidative stress significantly increases the expression and activity of cathepsin S. Despite an unfavorable oxidative environment, cathepsin S retains its proteolytic activity toward LL-37 and thus could participate to COPD exacerbation
Lemjabbar, Alaoui Hassan. "Implication de la gélatinase B (92 kDa) au cours des pathologies pulmonaires humaines : fibrose interstitielle diffuse et etat de mal asthmatique". Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120028.
Texto completo da fonteGoven, Delphine. "Régulation de l’hème oxygénase-1 dans les macrophages au cours des pathologies pulmonaires liées à l’exposition de la fumée de cigarette". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0051.
Texto completo da fonteChronic cigarette smoking, a source of oxidants, is an important risk factor for lung emphysema and primary spontaneous pneumothorax development. Alveolar macrophages are mainly involved in lung inflammation observed in these pathologies through the production of metalloproteases and reactive oxygen species resulting to protease/anti-protease and oxidant/anti-oxidant imbalances. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), mainly expressed in macrophages, is a key enzyme in pulmonary anti-oxidant defences. Therefore, the first aim of our studies was to investigate the expression and cellular localisation of HO-1 and its potential regulators (Nrf2, Keap1, Bach1 and HIF-1a) in alveolar macrophages from smoking related lung emphysema and primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Regulation pathways involved in expression of these proteins were assessed in vitro in macrophage cell line THP-1 exposed or not to cigarette smoke condensate and with or without hypoxia-reoxygenation mimicking parts of events induced by atelectasia-reexpansion during recurrent pneumothorax constitution and treatment. In these studies, we showed an altered expression of Nrf2/Keap1- Bach1 pathway associated with a reduced expression of anti-oxidants enzymes, like HO-1, in alveolar macrophages from smoking related lung emphysema patients, despite an important oxidative stress. These alterations might be related to cigarette smoke condensate activated ERK1/2 and JNK MAPKinases as observed in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, we showed that HO- 1 system induction was mediated by HIF-1a instead of Nrf2 pathway in alveolar macrophages from smoking related recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax. These findings may contribute to a better knowledge of the pathophysiology of lung emphysema and could provide new therapeutic approaches based on preservation and/or restoration of Nrf2/Keap1-Bach1 equilibrium. Our results also suggest that the pathophysiology of primary spontaneous pneumothorax could be different in smokers and non smokers. Spontaneous pneumothorax in smokers is associated with lung oxidative stress and the orchestrated induction of HO-1 probably via HIF-1a. These results provide a new link between oxidative stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation
DESFONDS, PIERRE. "Evaluation non traumatisantes des echanges gazeux pulmonaires utilisant une methode originale informatisee de calcul du transfert et des ductances du monoxyde de carbone a l'etat stable : nouvelles applications a diverses pathologies pulmonaires". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077199.
Texto completo da fonteDesfonds, Pierre. "Evaluation non traumatisante des échanges gazeux pulmonaires utilisant une méthode originale informatisée de calcul du transfert et des ductances du monoxyde de carbone à l'état stable nouvelles applications à diverses pathologies pulmonaires /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604492x.
Texto completo da fonteLABOURIE, JOELLE. "Mise en evidence d'un virus du groupe herpes dans le lavage broncho-alveolaire de 100 patients, non sida, non transplantes, porteurs de diverses pathologies pulmonaires : frequence, signification, correlations cliniques". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31536.
Texto completo da fonteBlayac, Marion. "Impacts de la pollution atmosphérique sur le phénotype pulmonaire de la mucoviscidose : étude expérimentale sur deux modèles précliniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 12, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA120045.
Texto completo da fonteCystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease due to a mutation of the CFTR gene encoding for an epithelial chloride channel. The disease is characterized by a progressive loss of respiratory function responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality of the disease. CF patients show an important genotypic variability along with a great phenotypic diversity between patients with the same mutations. This suggests the implication of other factors, either genetic or environmental. Among these factors, one that is of interest is air pollution, indeed representing the most important environmental risk for health. The objective of this thesis was to study, using an experimental approach, the effects of air pollution on CF pulmonary phenotype in two dedicated murine models. I used CESAM atmospheric simulation chamber to simulate at the laboratory multiphasic realistic atmospheres. This chamber is coupled to mice isolators allowing to expose living organisms to the simulated atmospheres. We simulated different types of urban atmospheres, with different levels of air pollutants, representative of Paris and Beijing atmospheres in summer and winter conditions. Mice were exposed to these atmospheres for 18H and 72H. Biological effects were then characterized by studying lung structure and function, mucus production as well as inflammatory and oxidative response. Exposure to urban atmospheres tended to stimulate mucus secretion and increased inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress, and expression of pulmonary proteinases. The effects were more important in CF mice compared to healthy mice and the type of response induced depended on the chemical composition of the considered atmosphere. Based on these effects, air pollution is highly suspected to contribute to CF physiopathology by increasing the severity of the disease
Bribes, Estelle. "Approche histopathologique de l'implication du récepteur périphérique des benzodiazépines dans le développement des pathologies inflammatoires auto-immunes - effet des ligands Ro5-4864, PK 11195 et SSR 180575 sur les atteintes articulaires, cutanées, pulmonaires et rénales chez la souris Mr1/1pr". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20040.
Texto completo da fonteDe, Cannière Didier. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hypertension pulmonaire". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212467.
Texto completo da fonteLejeune, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude de la circulation pulmonaire". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213202.
Texto completo da fonteTRIFILIEFF, ALEXANDRE. "Les recepteurs de la bradykinine des voies aeriennes pulmonaires". Strasbourg 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR15097.
Texto completo da fonteMelot, Christian. "Relations entre les échanges gazeux et la circulation pulmonaire". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213297.
Texto completo da fonteCassagnes, Lucie. "Contribution à l'étude par TDM du retentissement sur le coeur gauche de la pathologie pulmonaire". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM28/document.
Texto completo da fontePulmonary and cardiac pathology interact and the « heart-lung » bloc is to consider as one and same entity in imaging: heart, vessels, lungs and mediastinum analysis must be global and integrated, whatever imaging modality.In this work, we have illustrated computed tomography contribution in: evaluating asymptomatic coronary disease in cystic fibrosis pathology, left atrial volume in COPD patients, correlation of hypo perfused lung volume and RV/LV ratio, and cardiac invasion evaluation in broncho-pulmonary neoplasm.Computed tomography technological advances allow us to evaluate morphology and functional side, in evaluating cardiac function, pulmonary perfusion, waiting for the development of pulmonary ventilation in routine. Our work contributes to the development of a morphological and functional approach in heart, great vessels and lung imaging
Wauthy, Pierre. "Evaluation du couplage ventriculo-artériel pulmonaire: études expérimentales et applications cliniques". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211081.
Texto completo da fonteGérard, Ginette. "Apport de l'imagerie nouvelle à la pathologie pulmonaire liée au travail". Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11188.
Texto completo da fonteDUFOURNET, ALAIN. "Interet de l'itraconazole dans le traitement de la pathologie pulmonaire aspergillaire". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M334.
Texto completo da fonteEwalenko, Patricia. "Contribution à l'étude des effets de l'anesthésie générale sur la circulation pulmonaire". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212221.
Texto completo da fonteGevenois, Pierre-Alain. "Quantification tomodensitométrique de l'emphysème pulmonaire: relations avec les données anatomiques et fonctionnelles respiratoires". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212311.
Texto completo da fonteDelcroix, Marion. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hémodynamique et des échanges gazeux dans l'embolie pulmonaire expérimentale". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212865.
Texto completo da fonteLeeman, Marc. "Hémodynamique pulmonaire dans un modèle expérimental de syndrôme de détresse respiratoire de l'adulte". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213203.
Texto completo da fonteMunz-Gotheil, Cécile. "Les lésions anatomo-pathologiques de l'intoxication aiguë au paraquat : revue bibliographique". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1984LYO1S003.
Texto completo da fonteMunz-Gotheil, Cécile. "Les lésions anatomo-pathologiques de l'intoxication aiguë au paraquat : revue bibliographique". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1S003.
Texto completo da fonteKnoop, Christiane. "Microchimérisme sanguin et fonction des cellules présentatrices d'antigènes: implications pour l'acceptation du greffon après transplantation pulmonaire". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211701.
Texto completo da fonteDUPRAT, JEAN-LOUIS. "Pathologie pulmonaire chez les travailleurs d'une usine de traitement de rafles de mais". Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31007.
Texto completo da fonteBurtin, Christian. "Mycobacterium xenopi en pathologie pulmonaire : contaminant ou pathogene ? a propos de 9 observations". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M287.
Texto completo da fontePOTTIER, MARIE-ANTOINETTE. "Manifestations vasculaires pulmonaires de la maladie de behcet : revue de la litterature a partir de trois observations". Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M103.
Texto completo da fonteIlie, Marius Ionut. "Apport de la pathologie intégrative dans l'identification de biomarqueurs dans les carcinomes pulmonaires non à petites cellules : pathologie intégrative et cancer du poumon". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874504.
Texto completo da fonteMounier-Kharboutli, Laurence. "L'aspergillome endo-bronchique des gros troncs : une présentation exceptionnelle de la pathologie aspergillaire". Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M131.
Texto completo da fonteTual-Chalot, Simon. "Influence des microparticules sur la fonction vasculaire lors de pathologies hypoxiques". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978657.
Texto completo da fonteBaranger, Kévin. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique anti-inflammatoire en pathologie pulmonaire basée sur l'administration d'anti-protéases". Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4029/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this study, we have analysed the properties of recombinant polyvalent inhibitors of the three neutrophil serine proteinases (elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G), massively released during inflammatory events in various lung diseases. These inhibitors, derived from natural endogeneous inhibitors (elafin, trappin-2, SLPI), interact tightly with both free and membrane-bound neutrophil serine proteinases and possess antimicrobial properties that are independent from their inhibitory capacity. We have also shown that these polyvalent inhibitors can be covalently bound to the extracellular matrix proteins by a transglutaminase and that they retain their inhibitory properties in these conditions. With their various biological properties, these inhibitors are attractive molecules for the development of an aerosol-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases
Sharma, Dyuti. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques de la pathologie pulmonaire par les suppléments alimentaires en période périnatale". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S066/document.
Texto completo da fonteBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common complication of prematurity, reached in 30% of newborns with very low birth weight. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), with or without BPD, results in poor adaptation to extrauterine life and occurs in various pathological conditions such as prematurity, sepsis, inhaled meconium, or diaphragmatic hernia Congenital. The mortality and morbidities of these two diseases are high in the perinatal period. Severe PPHN or BPD are refractory to current treatment.Polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (ω-3 PUFA) are nutrients with beneficial properties on the circulatory and pulmonary system, but also on fetal development, demonstrated by many experimental and clinical studies. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone whose secretion levels in humans decreases with age. Recent studies have demonstrated a cardio-protective effect of diet DHEA supplementation but also a pulmonary vasodilator and preventive effect of DBP injury in experimental models.The aims of our study were : 1) to study the effect of PUFA ω-3 supplementation in an experimental model of hyperoxia-induced DBP in pups; 2) to study effect on pulmonary circulation of infusion of ω-3 PUFAs (in vivo) in model of chronically instrumented fetal sheep, and to analyze the mechanisms of action of ω-3 PUFA (isolated vascular rings); and finally 3) to study the in vivo effect of DHEA in fetal pulmonary circulation in the same model of fetal sheep and to understand the mechanisms of action of DHEA._x000D_We have demonstrated that supplementation with diet PUFA ω-3 on pregnant rats at the end of gestation and after birth prevent BPD injuries induced by chronic exposure to hyperoxia in pups. These lesions were found in the control groups (water and ω-6 PUFA). ω-3 PUFA supplementation did not prevent vascular remodeling.Infusion of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in sheep fetus showed a potent pulmonary vasodilator effect as compared to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or excipient (low dose of ethanol). Vasorelaxant effect of EPA on pre-contracted isolated rings was more important than DHA at equivalent dose, and was dose- and endothelium-dependent. This effect involves NO production.Bolus DHEA perfusion in the pulmonary vascular bed study on instrumented fetal sheep highlighted an acute vasodilator effect. This effect was dose-dependent with a more pronounced and sustained decrease in PVR at highest doses of DHEA. Finally, mechanisms of action study found an inhibition of the effect of DHEA by the LNA, indicating that DHEA-induced vasodilation is NO dependant.Taken together, our results suggest that supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs and DHEA within the perinatal period may prevent BPD and PPHN in high risk conditions including preterm birth, premature rupture of the membrane or intrauterine growth restriction
Baranger, Kévin Moreau Thierry. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique anti-inflammatoire en pathologie pulmonaire basée sur l'administration d'anti-protéases". S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://theses.abes.fr/2008TOUR4029.
Texto completo da fonteRos, Stéphanie. "Dysfonction endothéliale et pathologies cardiovasculaires : rôle du stress oxydant et effets protecteurs des polyphénols végétaux". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA2005.
Texto completo da fonteChopard, dit Jean Romain. "Apport des technologies d'imagerie non invasives dans l'évaluation du pronostic des pathologies cardiovasculaires". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA0005/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this doctoral thesis, we report on five original studies that use three différent non-invasive cardiovascular imaging techniques:- In an ex vivo study of human coronary arteries, we show that 64-slice computed tomography (CT) scan isnot capable of distinguishing between différent components of plaques. Indeed, it is impossible todifferentiate between fibrous and lipid plaques. Our study also showed that intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) should not be used as thé référence method in studies of plaque composition, since this techniquealso suffers from numerous limitations.- Our study of thé efficacy of thrombo-aspiration showed a significant benefit with effective extraction ofthrombus during thrombo-aspiration at thé acute phase of ST élévation myocardial infarction (STEMI),notably with a réduction of thé extent of no-reflow and of infarct size as evaluated by magnetic résonanceimaging (MRI). Productive thrombo-aspiration was shown in our study to be an independent predictor offinal infarct size. Effective extraction of thrombotic material could be considered in thé cathlab as acriterion for evaluating thé success of thé thrombo-aspiration procédure.- Our study of acute coronary syndromes with normal coronary arteries confirmed thé utility of MRI inestablishing thé etiology of this clinical présentation, and made it possible to establish an etiologicaldiagnosis in two-thirds of patients. We also observed excellent outcomes in thé third of patients in whomMRI did not find any myocardial anomalies. Larger studies are warranted to confirm thèse findings.- Based on cardiac MRI performed in patients presenting a first épisode of STEMI, we established athreshold value of troponin that predicts thé occurrence of no-reflow.- Lastly, using speckle-tracking analysis, we demonstrated impaired systolic right ventricular function inpatients with intermediate to high risk pulmonary embolism (PE), evaluated by altérations in longitudinalstrain values at thé level of thé right ventricle, compared to a control group of patients with low risk PE
GAUME, MARIE-LAURE. "Analyse comparative des techniques cytologiques et anatomo-pathologiques de 103 ponctions pulmonaires transparietales a l'aiguille fine". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31546.
Texto completo da fonteMadani, Afarine. "Quantification de l'emphysème pulmonaire en tomodensitométrie hélicoïdale multi-coupes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209993.
Texto completo da fonteLa tomodensitométrie (TDM) est une méthode diagnostique d’obtention in vivo de coupes anatomiques qui, formées de milliers de pixels, en font la méthode morphologique la plus précise pour investiguer la structure pulmonaire. Si la juxtaposition de ces pixels – dont la tonalité de gris est fonction de l’atténuation – est à la base de l’image TDM, la même information peut être représentée par la distribution de fréquence de ces atténuations. En présence d’emphysème, la destruction du tissu pulmonaire (et la plus grande proportion d’air) déterminent le déplacement de cette distribution vers les atténuations plus négatives. Plusieurs index TDM dérivés de cette distribution – notamment l’atténuation moyenne, la surface pulmonaire occupée par des valeurs d’atténuation inférieures à un seuil, un percentile particulier de la distribution – sont de possibles mesures de l’étendue de l’emphysème pulmonaire. L’émergence de la technique hélicoïdale, permettant notamment d’explorer tout le parenchyme pulmonaire en une seule apnée, justifie de déterminer les seuils et percentiles adéquats par comparaison à une mesure histologique de référence.
Au cours de nos études, nous avons montré que les index TDM dérivés de la distribution de fréquence d’atténuation tels que les surfaces relatives de poumon occupées par les coefficients d’atténuation inférieures à -960 UH (RA960) ou -970 UH (RA970) et le premier percentile (p1) sont les index les plus appropriés. En revanche, toujours sur base de comparaisons histo-morphométriques, d’autre index qui reflètent la géométrie des espaces emphysémateux – tels que la distribution de la taille des groupes de pixels adjacents occupés par des coefficients d’atténuation inférieurs à un seuil ou à un percentile – ne sont pas des index valables.
La dose d’irradiation peut être abaissée à 20 mAs effectifs. Cette réduction est particulièrement appropriée dans une pathologie susceptible de concerner des patients jeunes et l’objet d’examens répétés. Cependant, la dose d’irradiation influençant ces index, elle doit être maintenue constante au cours de suivis longitudinaux.
En TDM multi-coupes, ces index sont les plus appropriés quelque soit l’épaisseur des coupes. Cependant, cette épaisseur influençant ces index, elle doit aussi être maintenue constante au cours de suivis longitudinaux.
L’inspiration incomplète induit une sous-estimation statistiquement significative mais cliniquement insignifiante de l’étendue de l’emphysème pulmonaire. La destruction du tissu pulmonaire et l’hyperinflation ont des influences séparées sur les index TDM, faisant recommander leur ajustement aux valeurs prédites de la CPT.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Fouret, Pierre. "Étude des cellules inflammatoires au cours de la pathologie pulmonaire : contribution de l'immunocytochimie et de l'hybridation in situ". Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120021.
Texto completo da fonteToussaint, Marcel. "Histologie myocardique dans la stenose pulmonaire". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066029.
Texto completo da fonteDumortier, Pascal. "Corps asbestosiques et fibres d'asbeste dans les échantillons pulmonaires: utilisation comme marqueurs d'expositions professionnelles ou environnementales ;[Thèse annexe :Importance de la migration des fibres d'asbeste vers la plèvre pariétale dans la pathogenèse]". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211266.
Texto completo da fonteRouthier, Joanie. "Rôle de l'axe SIRPa/CD47 dans l'inflammation pulmonaire induite par la fumée de cigarette". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31470.
Texto completo da fonteRATIONAL. Smoking induces an inflammatory response in the lung that can cause significant tissue damage if sustained. Fortunately, there exist inflammatory regulatory pathways that help maintain and restore cellular homeostasis, such as through the signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa)/CD47 system. SIRPa is mainly expressed by myeloid cells while CD47 is found ubiquitously. It has been shown that activation of SIRPa by CD47-Fc fusion protein reduces the inflammatory pulmonary response in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma mouse model. Thus, we hypothesize that activation of SIRPa could limit lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke exposure. OBJECTIVES. 1) To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on SIRPa mRNA and protein levels. 2) To investigate the impact of SIRPa activation on lung inflammatory response induced by cigarette smoke exposure. METHODS. SIRPa mRNA levels were explored by qPCR in BALB/c mice that were exposed to cigarette smoke 2 hours/day, 5 days/week during 2, 8 and 24 weeks. Also, 4 days cigarette smoke protocols were performed to investigate SIRPa protein levels by flow cytometry and to evaluate the impact of SIRPa activation by systemic administration of CD47-Fc. Treatment efficacy was determined via total and differential cellular count in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). RESULTS. SIRPa mRNA levels were increased in the lungs of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Although, the number of phagocytes expressing SIRPa protein seems to decrease, our data show that these cells expressed SIRPa at a higher intensity. Finally, we found that CD47-Fc treatment reduced neutrophilia in BAL of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSION. These results demonstrate that CD47-Fc treatment can reduce lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke exposure, suggesting further research into CD47-Fc therapeutic potential is required.
Vanderstocken, Gilles. "Caractérisation du rôle des nucléotides extracellulaires et du récepteur purinergique P2Y2 dans la physiopathologie des maladies pulmonaires inflammatoires". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209591.
Texto completo da fontehealth problem. As a consequence, investigating the immune mechanisms that contribute to
the pathogenesis of these diseases is essential to identify candidate targets for the
development of new therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, over the past 20 years, the growing awareness
that purinergic signalling events shape the immune and inflammatory responses to infection and
allergic reactions warranted the development of animal models to assess their importance in vivo in
acute lung injury and chronic airway diseases. The field of purinergic inflammation formulated the
unifying concept that ATP is released as a «danger signal» to induce inflammatory responses upon
binding purinergic receptors.
According to these elements, we began in 2007 to evaluate lung inflammation in mice deficient for
the P2Y2 purinergic receptor in TH2 and TH1 models. The most convincing evidence that the P2Y2
receptor is engaged during alarm situations comes from studies related to cystic fibrosis and asthma.
Indeed, chronic respiratory diseases are commonly associated with elevated airway ATP
concentrations, as reported in cystic fibrosis, but also in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, and they are raised by allergens in asthmatic
patients.
First, we demonstrated a significant role of the P2Y2R in a TH2-ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma
model. We observed that eosinophil accumulation, a distinctive feature of lung allergic inflammation,
was defective in OVA-treated P2Y2-deficient mice compared with OVA-treated wild type animals.
Interestingly, the upregulation of VCAM-1 was lower on lung endothelial cells of OVA-treated P2Y2
knockout mice compared with OVA-treated wild type animals. Adhesion assays demonstrated that
the action of UTP on leukocyte adhesion through the regulation of endothelial VCAM-1 was
abolished in P2Y2-deficient lung endothelial cells. Additionally, the level of soluble VCAM-1, reported
as an inducer of eosinophil chemotaxis, was strongly reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of
P2Y2-deficient mice.
Secondly, we studied the consequences of P2Y2R loss in lung inflammation initiated after pneumonia
virus of mice (PVM) infection in collaboration with the group of Pr. Daniel Desmecht (ULg). We
demonstrated here that P2Y2
-/-
mice display a severe increase in morbidity and mortality rate in
response to PVM. Lower survival of P2Y2
-/-
mice was not correlated with excessive inflammation
despite the higher level of neutrophil recruiters in their broncho-alveolar fluids. Interestingly, we
observed lower numbers of dendritic cells, CD4
+
T cells and CD8
+
T cells in P2Y2
-/-
mice compared to
P2Y2
+/+
infected lungs. Lower level of IL-12 and higher level of IL-6 in broncho-alveolar fluid support
an inhibition of Th1 response in P2Y2
-/-
mice. Quantification of DC recruiter expression revealed
comparable IP-10 and MIP-3&
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
COURTIN, JEAN-PAUL. "Dna plasmatique, marqueur de mort cellulaire : valeur diagnostique et pronostique dans les cancers broncho-pulmonaires et les maladies respiratoires non cancereuses". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31507.
Texto completo da fonteSTEPHAN, FRANCOIS. "Detection du cytomegalovirus (cmv) humain par pcr-adn dans le compartiment pulmonaire intraalveolaire : application a la pathologie respiratoire". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066629.
Texto completo da fonte