Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Parois multicouches – Propriétés mécaniques"
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Alali, Moussa. "Contribution à l'étude de tissus multicouches : CAO et propriétés mécaniques". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MULH8493/document.
Texto completo da fonteLn this work, we described mathematically the double and triple layers fabrics based on a set of binary matrices and mathematical equations. Mathematical modules developed and programmed by Visual Basic to generate: 1- A double layers fabric stitched by additional warps ; 2- A triple layer fabric stitched by the intermediate layer warps. Both fabrics are automatically generated with all the stitches possible. Then we developed a third mathematical module, programmed by "Visual Basic" to classify all stitches generated. ln addition, we developed a procedure to regroup the stitching weaves according to the distribution of stitches in the weave. For this purpose, we applied two methods : the moment of inertia of stitches around the center of the fabric, and the method of the nearest neighbor. Then, using the developed softwares and the method of design of experiments, we studied the effect of the following parameters (distribution of stitches, the stitching weaves and the weft density) on the mechanical and physical properties of triple layers fabric. Finally, the test results were analyzed by using the JMP software to calculate the influence of each parameter on the physical and mechanical properties, and estimate the coefficients of the statistical model which allows us to obtain the theoretical properties of fabrics we have not tested, We found that the stitches distribution is the parameter that has the least influence on the properties of fabrics
Paroissien, Jeanne. "Développement de modèles éléments finis de types volumique, volume-coque et volume-poutre pour l’analyse du comportement des structures multicouches en bois assemblées par des goujons". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025COMP2844.
Texto completo da fonteMultilayered timber structures, assembled using densified wood dowels, represent a sustainable and innovative solution for the construction sector. The development of predictive finite element models requires a solid representation of the geometry for modelling the complex mechanical behaviour of these structures. However, solid models are costly, especially in the context of variability studies and optimization. In this thesis, solid, solid-shell, and solid-beam approaches are developed to obtain accurate models that can be considered as the best compromise. The study of the mechanical behaviour of multilayered timber structures reveals that the layers adopt a shell-like behaviour, while the dowels behave like beams. Higher-order displacement fields through the thickness of the layers and through the cross-section of the dowels are identified. To meet these displacement fields while maintaining a solid representation, two methods have been developed. A first method exploits standard solid elements by applying shell theories through the thickness of the layers and beam theories through the sections of the dowels. A second method uses a 32-node hexahedral element and is inspired by the principle of solid-shell and solid-beam elements, with a single element through the thickness of the layers and a single element through the section of the dowels. The results demonstrate that the methods proposed in this thesis lead to effective modelling tools for multilayered timber structures assembled with densified wood dowels. These methods offer perspectives for future developments and applications to other types of structures
Arbaoui, Jamal Eddine. "Etude comparative et caractérisations mécaniques des structures sandwichs multicouches". Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ048S/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe development of modern technologies requires that one use materials presenting high mechanical properties specific to their employment,but whose densities are low. The composite materials are materials which fulfil the preceding requirements. Because of their interest, the composite materials were initially used in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. In composites, a class of particular interest ragarding the possibilities of design and development concern the sandwich structures resulting from a general assembly of a skin material with high stiffness and core materials of low density. The final properties of the materials are directly derived to the industry, many developments and studies in recent years have been aimed at optimizing the ratio mechanical performance over density. This thesis was undertaken with the same objective, but by having a strategy of optimization being focused more particulary on core materials. Our process is to reconsider in its entirety core materials and to propose a new concept of core complex which rests on the material stacking of different nature according to a quite precise sequence. The experimental results are correlated with those obtained by a theoretical approach based on a finite element method
Morin, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude de la résistance des tubes multicouches en carton". Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0148.
Texto completo da fonteDieudonné, Xavier. "Etude d'empilements multicouches colloidaux préparés par voie sol-gel : propriétés optiques et mécaniques". Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4022/document.
Texto completo da fonteMain optical deposition processes, physical vapor deposition or sol-gel, exhibit difficulties of achieving thick coatings (>1 µm) and to build multilayer stacks (dielectric mirrors, polarizers). For these reasons, we have studied the conditions to enable a significative increase of deposited sol-gel films thickness. Three main parameters have been evidenced enabling the control of the stacking ability : single layer deposited thickness, chemical interactions beetween nanoparticles and coating drying time. We have shown that these parameters depend on the sol composition and on deposition conditions (process) and that the microstructure of single material stacking is influenced. Optical and mechanical properties of sol-gel films have been studied and optimized regarding these different material and process parameters. For this reason, optical and mechanical characterization techniques have been specifically developed and can now be used for fragile and thin film characterization. In controlling all these parameters, it is now possible to prepare multilayer colloidal stack with high thicknesses enabling the fabrication of high-performance mirrors and polarizers
Ramaël, Bruno. "Caractérisation in situ des propriétés mécaniques des parois vasculaires par une technique non invasive". Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2314/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is based on identifying the mechanical properties of facial arteries. It is part of FlowFace project, which focuses on the study of the facial arterial system by MRI imaging. It is based on a measurement campaign conducted on a sample of 30 people at the Hospital of Amiens, which allowed obtaining noninvasively the evolution of the blood vessel deformation and the measurement of the flow. Diastolic and systolic pressures were measured at the arm independently of the MRI measurements. The aim of the thesis was to model the deformation of blood vessels and to implement an optimization technique to determine their mechanical properties by inverse analysis using MRI measurements of deformation. Simulations of the behavior of the blood vessels were performed, using ANSYS Inc. software, modeling fluid-structure interactions both strong and weak coupling. The objective was to determine the parietal deformations induced by hemodynamic conditions and pressure drops in the vessels concerned. The simulations involved hyperelastic and large deflection models to simulate the behavior of the wall. They allow calculate the numerical displacements that we compared with experimental displacements measured by MRI, the aim is that the difference between numerical and experimental be as low as possible to deduce the adequate mechanical parameters for the artery. To identify the mechanical properties of the vessels, the optimization technique proposed in ANSYS based on genetic algorithms or gradient algorithms was used. The identification method was validated on cylindrical tubes (elastomer), for which deformation measurements were acquired by MRI imaging under pulsating flow. The values of mechanical properties determined were compared with those obtained by traction tests and dilatation tests. One of the crucial points of identification involves the determination of the non-stress state. If it is a known parameter for the elastic tube, it has to be determining for blood vessels. The challenge of this thesis is to determine from a "minimum" quantity of pressure and deformation information, the hyper-elastic properties of blood vessels. The method based on a patient-specific geometry deformation concluded that the tangent modulus in diastole is approximately 200kPa while that in systole is in a range of 300 kPa to 1 MPa
Ollagnier, Arnaud. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques et de magnétorésistance géante de dépôts multicouches obtenus par électrodéposition". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0020.
Texto completo da fonteMultilayered deposits are industrially employed since many years. Whereas they are used for decorative plating or as (multi)functional deposits, they are ever used in various domains such as mechanics (corrosion resistance, auto-lubrication) or optoelectronics (actuators). They are widely used for many reasons: they lower considerably matter costs, keeping most of bulk materials properties in the meantime, and they are interesting alternatives for miniaturization. It has recently been discovered that when the thickness become extremely weak, new properties may appear, such as change in the crystallization network, supermodulus, superconductivity or even giant, tunnelling or anisotropic magnetoresistance (GMR, TMR and AMR). Such properties appear as opportunities for new applications areas, for example in microelectronics manufacturing. More efficient and high-speed magnetic reading and storing devices have been realized since the advent of "Spintronics" (A. Fert, 1988). This research work aims to prepare these new nanomaterials by means of electrochemical method (electrodeposition in aqueous media) and to study their magnetic and mechanical properties. They were successfully elaborated with the single bath technique (SBT). It is an original electrochemical method related to the behaviour of chromium: an aqueous solution containing high concentration of trivalent chromium (non precious metal) and moderated concentration of cobalt sulphate (precious metal) has made it possible to obtain these original lamellar materials while varying the cathodic potential in a significant manner in the potentiostatic mode. This method also permitted to realize Cr-Co alloys presenting a new structure. Regarding to increasing safety and sustainable development policy, this user- and environment-friendly (toxic hexavalent chromium is substituted by trivalent chromium), low-cost process should be an advantageous alternative to constraining preparation methods (CVD, sputtering or evaporation for multilayers, metallurgical casts for alloys) currently used
Ben, Daia Mouloud. "Propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques des multicouches nanométriques de type métal/céramique : cas des multicouches titane/nitrure de titane et aluminium/alumine". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EVRY0023.
Texto completo da fonteTchofo, Dinda Patrice. "Étude d'un réseau bidimensionnel à maille hexagonale à deux sites dans un substrat double-quadratique : diagramme de phase, structure et dynamique des parois, effets de taille finie". Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS061.
Texto completo da fonteMartin, Clélia. "Films multicouches à base de nanocristaux de cellulose : relation entre structure et propriétés mécaniques et/ou optiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS021/document.
Texto completo da fonteCNCs are biobased nanorods that are attracting increasing attention from both the academic and industrial communities due to their numerous properties such as renewability, high specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, light weight, or non-toxicity. CNCs are thus considered as highly promising blocks for the production of high performance biobased composites. In the last ten years, negatively charged CNCs have been associated with natural or synthetic polycations or neutral biopolymers within multilayered films built by the layer-by-layer assembly technique. In the present study, we have investigated three new research axes in the CNC-based multilayers field. In a first part, polymer chains have been replaced by positively charged inorganic Gibbsite nanoplatelets (GN) to form innovative hybrid nanoparticules-based thin films. We have shown that the architecture of (CNC/GN) films can be tuned over a wide range by adjusting the physico-chemical parameters such as the aspect ratio of the CNC, the ionic strength, or the drying protocol. The detailed internal structure of the multilayered films has been elucidated by the complementary use of AFM and neutron reflectivity (NR) and was attributed to a combination of different interaction forces. In a second part, the resistance to humidity of purely biobased films was investigated by comparing films where CNCs are associated either with neutral xyloglucan chains or with oxidized ones. AFM and NR reveal that the kinetics of water intake and hydration strongly depends on the possibility to form inter- and intra-layer hemiacetal bonds forming a covalent network. The third axis concerns the production of uniformly oriented macroscopic surfaces of CNCs to build anisotropic multilayered nanocomposites. Enhanced alignment was achieved by the use of laminar shear flow.The fine tuning of the structural features of all the multilayered systems studied gives rise to specific macroscopic physical properties. The mechanical properties of films of various architectures (Young’s modulus) have thus been measured using the strain induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) technique and tentatively related to the film’s structure. The tunable properties of such multilayered systems pave the way to the design of thin films and coatings for separation membranes or supports for flexible electronics
Sambou, Vincent. "Transferts thermiques instationnaires : vers une optimisation de parois de bâtiments". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/252/.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this work is to optimize a multilayered wall or an element of alveolar wall in relation to insulation and thermal inertia. We showed that the thermal capacity deducted of the quadruple representation of a wall is a parameter characterizing thermal inertia of the wall. The optimization of a multilayered wall gives the optimal disposition of the wall layers and determines the optimal thickness of the massive layer. The daily entropy production of a multilayered wall confirms the best disposition of the layers. Heat transfer in an element of alveolar wall represented by a partitioned cavity has been theoretically and experimentally studied. Our results show the preponderance of the radiation heat transfer on the convection one. An optimal number of partitions giving a maximal resistance is found. The influence of pertinent parameters on heat transfer and thermal resistance is emphasized. Influence study of the exciting temperature period on the convection and radiation heat transfer shows the existence of a resonance frequency in the alveolus nearest to the variable boundary. A simplified 1D model of heat transfer in a partitioned cavity that has been validated both numerically and experimentally allows to apply quadruple method to partitioned cavity. Thus, a partitioned cavity can be optimized as regards insulation and thermal inertia
Etienne, André-Michel. "Modélisation par éléments finis en comportement élastoplastique de multicouches céramo-métalliques". Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT045G.
Texto completo da fonteMaillé, Laurence. "Elaboration par pulvérisation cathodique réactive RF de multicouches nanométriques. Corrélation entre la structure, la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0011.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work consists to performed by reactive sputtering RF nanomaterials : W, W-O, W-N single layers, W-O/W and W-N/W multilayers in order to study the microstructure, the structure and the mechanical properties of these thin films. A study of the growth of the single layers has been necessary to performed the multilayers. Various multilayer mechanical behaviors are obtained: - A Hall-Petch rule is observed for W-N/W multilayer performed with 50 % of nitrogen partial pressure. - For multilayer W-N/W and W-O/W performed with 10 % of nitrogen or oxygen partial pressure, there is no influence of the period thickness on the hardness values and these measurements are higher or lower than the law of mixture
Bimbault, Laurent. "Analyses des contraintes résiduelles, de la microstructure et des constantes élastiques de multicouches métalliques élaborées par PVD". Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2251.
Texto completo da fonteTamoud, Abderrahman. "Mécanique multi-échelle et multiaxiale des composites souples multicouches : application à l'annulus fibrosus humain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUN034.
Texto completo da fonteThe damage in annulus fibrosus soft tissues is a complex multiscale phenomenon due to a complex structural arrangement of collagen network at different scales of hierarchical organization. A fully three-dimensional constitutive representation that considers the regional variation of the structural complexity to estimate annulus multiaxial mechanics till failure has not yet been developed. In the present PhD dissertation, a model, formulated within the framework of nonlinear continuum mechanics, is developed to predict deformation-induced damage and failure of annulus under multiaxial loading histories considering as time-dependent physical process both chemical-induced volumetric effects and damage accumulation.In a first part, a microstructure-based model is proposed to connect structural features, intrinsic mechanics and electro-chemical properties of annulus soft tissues. The multi-layered lamellar/inter-lamellar annulus model is constructed by considering the effective interactions between adjacent layers and the chemical-induced volumetric strain. The model/experiments comparison demonstrates that the evaluation of the overall time-dependent response involves considering stress, volumetric change and auxetic feature simultaneously in relation to structural features.In a second part, the model is enriched by considering the hierarchical structure of the soft tissue from the nano-sized collagen fibrils to the micro-sized oriented collagen fibers. The stochastic process of progressive damage events operating at different scales of the solid phase is introduced for the extracellular matrix and the network of nano-sized fibrils/micro-sized fibers. The directional effects on annulus mechanics and failure are highlighted in relation to external loading mode, structure features, damage events and hydration.In a third part, the model is further developed by considering the regional variation of the complex structural organization of collagen network at different scales to predict the regional anisotropic multiaxial damage of the intervertebral disc. After model identification using single lamellae extracted from different disc regions, the model predictability is verified for various multiaxial elementary loading modes representative of the spine movement. The stretching along the circumferential and radial directions till failure serves to check the predictive capacities of the annulus model for the different regions. Model results under simple shear, biaxial stretching and plane-strain compression are further presented and discussed.In a fourth part, a full human disc model is constructed using the regional annulus model to examine the heterogeneous mechanics in the disc core. Damage fields in the disc are analyzed under axial compression, axial twist and combined loadings to assess the areas where the risk of failure is the highest
Baraket, Mira. "Élaboration et caractérisation de revêtements nano-structurés à base de nitrure de chrome par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive : propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques". Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2049.
Texto completo da fonteThe present work deals with structural, mechanical and tribological characterization of nanostructured chromium nitride (CrN) based thin films for cutting tool applications. Coatings are deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering from metallic targets (Cr, Si and Ag) on static and rotating substrate holders with RF or DC bias. The influence pf plasma parameters (nitrogen partial pressure and substrate bias) on the mechanical properties of CrN is studied. In order to improve its mechanical properties, silicon is then introduced to CrN thanks to silicon coupons placed on the erosion track of Cr target or by cosputtering of Cr and Si targets; The fraction of silicon into the coatings is then increased in order to achieve the formation of NC-CrN/A-Si3N4 nanocomposite. Chemical, mechanical, tribological and structural properties are studied as a function of silicon content using GDOES, EPMA, nano and microindentation, pin on discs, scratch tests, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. Si3N4 phase is detected from 1 at. % of silicon by XPS measurements. An increase of the hardness is observed while adding silicon to CrN with two maximum at 5 and 10 at. % of silicon. The resistance to oxidation at high temperature is also studied. To improve the tribological properties of the films, silver is introduced as a solid lubricant in a multilayer structure of CrN/Ag and CrSiN/Ag in the nanoscale range. Multilayers periodicity ranges from 8 to 24 nm. The silver nanolayer and the total coating thicknesses are maintained constant at 4 nm and 2 µm respectively for all the coatings. The nitride layer thickness is the only parameter that has been modified in the multilayer coatings. The influence of the thickness of CrN and CrSiN monolayers on the mechanical and tribological properties is presented and discussed. The resistance to oxidation at high temperatures of all coatings is also examined
Auquier, Nicolas. "Modèle équivalent de structures multicouches à interfaces complexes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0008.
Texto completo da fonteThis research deals with the development of a pre-existing equivalent model by including the modeling of imperfect interfaces. The aim is to improve the accuracy of the modeling in current equivalent models, which generally assume perfect continuity of the stress and displacement fields. The coupling conditions at the interfaces of the multilayer equivalent model are therefore modified. They are modeled using a complex stiffness. A high stiffness corresponds to good coupling; conversely, a low stiffness corresponds to poor coupling. This is described by a single parameter, the interface parameter, which is the inverse of the interface stiffness. This parameter is dependent on each layer, but can also be used as a global value for the apparent imperfection of the entire structure. The methodology for characterizing a planar structure, and in particular a beam, is detailed in the third chapter of this thesis manuscript. The main post-processing elements employed are presented in detail, and have enabled the characterization method to be extended up to 100 kHz. Finally, modeling and experimental methodology are employed in a complementary manner. The aim is to characterize the dynamics of samples with imperfect interfaces. The effect of imperfect interfaces is visualized not only as a function of frequency, but also as a function of space. A complementary approach between these two visualizations is finally carried out to provide more detailed characterization results
Gui, Yunfang. "Mise au point par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en condition réactive et caractérisations mécaniques et tribologiques de revêtements de phases Magnéli de titane (TinO2n-1)". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0235/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe present work deals with the synthesis and the structural, mechanical and tribological characterization of titanium Magnéli phases (TinO2n-1) coatings for tribological application. The thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering from titanium target in a reactive O2/Ar gas mixture using a rotating and heating substrate holder.The first part of the study is based on the synthesis of titanium Magneli phase monolayers. The influence of the main synthesis parameters (oxygen flow rate, temperature of the substrate holder) was analyzed in relation with the structure and the morphology of the synthesized coatings. Then TinO2n-1/AlTiN bilayers were synthesized by the reactive magnetron sputtering and the low pressure electric arc techniques, respectively. The phase and the thickness of the top layer of titanium oxide and the thickness of the under layer AlTiN were selected as the parameters to be studied.The second part concerns the mechanical properties (nano hardness instrumented, elasticity modulus, Mercedes test and scratch test) and tribological properties (pin on disc test) of the monolayer and bilayer coatings. Particular attention was paid to the influence of the friction test temperature on the bilayer coatings wear rates
Nottez, Mélanie. "Développement de films d’emballage alimentaire à haute teneur en matières thermoplastiques à base d’amidon". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10197.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work is the development of food packaging films with a high concentration of biobased raw materials, and the optimization of the usual properties. The addition of G1, basic grade of the starch grafted polyolefin, significantly deteriorates the optical properties together with the tear strength of the obtained films. The interfacial adhesion LDPE / G1 is insufficient for a use in the field of food packaging, because of an incompatibility between LDPE and the PP part of the starch grafted polyolefin. Some improvements of this adhesion are observed, in particular by increasing the extrusion temperature of G1, the temperature of the die, or by the modification of the bio-based resin. The interfacial adhesion PEgMA / G1 is also relatively low, for the same reasons as mentioned above. The replacement of PEgMA by PPgMA provides excellent adhesion at the interface without deteriorating the adhesion between the binder and EVOH. Finally, the study of the fracture behavior of the films made from three grades of the starch grafted polyolefin is produced by the method of essential work of fracture. An increase of 85 % of the toughness is observed, between the base grade and the highest modified grade. This difference can be attributed to the increase in molecular weight induced by the modification of bio-based resin. In addition, the digital image correlation provides access to local deformations of the double notched specimens. It also serves to show the symmetry of all the specimens. By following the ligament size over time, it is shown that the crack starts growing at 95% of the maximum force, showing a complete plasticization ligament before the crack growth
Sallem-Idrissi, Naïma. "Comportement mécanique et évolution structurale induite dans des films multicouches à base de polyamide 6 et de polyéthylène". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10084.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the mechanical behaviour and structural evolution of coextruded blown multilayer films composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyethylene (PE) under uniaxial and biaxial stretching. Phase transformations and molecular orientation have been investigated by both X-ray scattering and infrared trichroism using three-dimensional infrared technique. Analysis of the undeformed multilayers has shown that the structural and thermal properties of each layer were similar to that of the pure component and were not affected by the other material. Concerning the mechanical behaviour, the stress level of the multilayer films lies between those of the pure component and in uniaxial drawimg, It can be descnbed by a simple additive law mixture. Whereas the strain at break is governed by PA6 under uniaxial drawing, the biaxial stretchabllity of the PA6 layer is improved with PE fraction. Regarding the structural evolution, a gradual disorder-order transition occurs with deformation in the PA6 layer. This transition is simllar whatever the film composition under uniaxial drawing. By contrast, under biaxial drawing, the ß~~a transformation is delayed with the addition of PE. This result points at that biaxial deformation in the multilayer films proceeds with different plastic processes from those implied in pure components. Additionally, a critical level of a content in the PA6 layer has been identified to produce the failure of the multilayer structure
Huang, Jin. "Simulation du drapage des renforts de composites multicouches liés par piquage". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI098.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, composite materials make it possible to reduce the mass of parts and are widely used in the aerospace, aeronautics and automotive industries. In addition, the multilayered reinforcement of composites allows the design of thick structures such as the fan blades of aircraft engines. However, many defects can occur during the forming process of multilayered reinforcements, such as the wrinkling problem. Research on the formation of wrinkles, as well as on the tufting technology to improve the mechanical property of multilayered reinforcements in the direction of thickness are presented in this work. The first part of this report is a study of the formation of the wrinkles of multilayered reinforcements subjected to out-of-plane bending. Firstly, the influence of the different orientations of the layers on the formation of wrinkles is explored. The relationship between the load applied to the fabric and the creation of wrinkles is thus shown. The second chapter compares two types of weaving pattern on the drapability of the composite. The third part consists of developing two numerical models adapted to simulate the forming of tuft-bonded composite reinforcements. These approaches involve the use of a stress resultant shell element to represent each layer of reinforcement and bar elements to represent the tufting yarn. These models require a specific contact algorithm to manage the interaction between the reinforcement and the tufting yarn. Finally, the last part consists of validating the models by comparing simulations and experiments
Pierre, Raphaël. "Propriétés effectives d'un cristal photonique. Extensions de la méthode des sources fictives. Application à l'étude du guidage de modes quasi-TEM uniformes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360840.
Texto completo da fonteLe second volet est l'étude du guidage de modes quasi-TEM uniformes dans un guide métallique au moyen de parois structurées. Les structures sont des surfaces hard analysées grâce à la méthode modale tandis que les guides d'ondes associés le sont par une extension de la méthode des sources fictives. Cartes de champs et relations de dispersion révèlent le comportement des surfaces et guides envisagés.
Dalal, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude de la saturation des tissus simples et multicouches : tissus 2D et 3D". Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841290.
Texto completo da fonteLozay, Quentin. "Conception et caractérisations de matériaux composites nanostructurés à hautes propriétés barrières. Etude films multinanocouches de PE et PA6 chargés de montmorillonite". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR012.
Texto completo da fontePolymers are used in many fields such as packaging, automotive, etc. as they have good mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. Economic and environmental challenges are driving development towards more efficient and lighter materials. The aim of this thesis work was to develop multilayer composite films based on polyethylene (PE) and polyamide (PA6) with high gas and water barrier properties. A coextrusion process with multiplier elements made it possible to carry out 100 μm thick multilayers containing up to 2049 layers. Two series of PE-binder-PA6 films of different compositions were studied. Clays (organo-modified montmorillonites) were incorporated (at 0.5 and 5 wt%) into the alternating layers of PE and PA6. The structural, thermal and mechanical properties of these multilayers have been correlated with the transport properties. We observed confinement effects on nanostratification of films and crystallinity of polymers and the impact on barrier properties. We showed the complexity of the multinanolayer structures involving interphases as well as the complexity of the transfer mechanisms. The serial model for predicting permeability highlighted significant improvements in the gas barrier properties of confined PE layers but in water. The barrier effect on all of the multilayers was, however, limited due to the “on edge” orientation of the crystalline phases and structural defects. The confinement of nanofillers (at 1% v/v) in PA6 layers has made it possible to increase the barrier properties of multilayers
Sallem-Idrissi, Naïma. "Comportement mécanique et évolution structurale induite dans des films multicouches à base de polyamide 6 et de polyéthylène". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10084/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the mechanical behaviour and structural evolution of coextruded blown multilayer films composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyethylene (PE) under uniaxial and biaxial stretching. Phase transformations and molecular orientation have been investigated by both X-ray scattering and infrared trichroism using three-dimensional infrared technique. Analysis of the undeformed multilayers has shown that the structural and thermal properties of each layer were similar to that of the pure component and were not affected by the other material. Concerning the mechanical behaviour, the stress level of the multilayer films lies between those of the pure component and in uniaxial drawimg, It can be descnbed by a simple additive law mixture. Whereas the strain at break is governed by PA6 under uniaxial drawing, the biaxial stretchabllity of the PA6 layer is improved with PE fraction. Regarding the structural evolution, a gradual disorder-order transition occurs with deformation in the PA6 layer. This transition is simllar whatever the film composition under uniaxial drawing. By contrast, under biaxial drawing, the ß~~a transformation is delayed with the addition of PE. This result points at that biaxial deformation in the multilayer films proceeds with different plastic processes from those implied in pure components. Additionally, a critical level of a content in the PA6 layer has been identified to produce the failure of the multilayer structure
Nierenberger, Mathieu. "Mécanique multiéchelles des parois vasculaires : expérimentation, imagerie, modélisation". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966831.
Texto completo da fonteNguyen, Duc Thai. "Benchmark d'un modèle layer wise de multicouches et implémentation du modèle dans Abaqus". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00730740.
Texto completo da fonteRohan, Christian Pierre-Yves. "Etude biomécanique de l’action des Bas Médicaux de Compression sur les parois veineuses du membre inférieur". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0721/document.
Texto completo da fonteCompression therapy is a highly effective modality for treating venous disorders of the lower leg and is considered as the “gold standard” for non-operative therapy. However the mechanisms by which Medical Compression Stockings (MCS) benefit the control and treatment of venous insufficiency are neither clearly understood nor have they been conclusively demonstrated. In the present study, the biomechanical response of the lower leg veins to elastic compression is modelled in order to address some of the issues relating to the mechanisms by which it achieves its medical function. First, a new methodology has been developed in order to predict the pressure transmitted to the superficial vein wall during external compression and to quantify the resulting variations of transmural pressure and of the vein cross sectional area. A parametric study was performed to study the influence of the model parameters on the response of the vein. The developed model was also used to simulate different scenarii related to the use of elastic compression after sclerotherapy. In a second step, a numerical approach was developed to model the biomechanical response of deep veins to elastic compression. A parametric study was performed to evaluate the relative influence of the muscular aponeurosis, muscular contraction and external compression applied by MCS. The obtained results bring a new insight on MCS mechanical action and its possible benefits. They also open up new perspectives, especially, regarding the development of new tools to assist MCS manufacturers in adapting the level of compression to the location of the deep vein, the morphology of the patient and the severity of the disease
Henni, Younes. "Etudes magnéto-Raman de systèmes - graphène multicouches et hétérostructures de graphène-nitrure de bore". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY060/document.
Texto completo da fonteAs the fourth most abundant element in the universe, Carbon plays an important rolein the emerging of life in earth as we know it today. The industrial era has seen this element at the heart of technological applications due to the different ways in which carbon forms chemical bonds, giving rise to a series of allotropes each with extraordinary physical properties. For instance, the most thermodynamically stable allotrope of carbon, graphite crystal, is known to be a very good electrical conductor, while diamond very appreciated for its hardness and thermal conductivity is nevertheless considered as an electrical insulator due to different crystallographic structure compared to graphite. The advances in scientific research have shown that crystallographic considerations are not the only determining factor for such a variety in the physical properties of carbon based structures. Recent years have seen the emergence of new allotropes of carbon structures that are stable at ambient conditions but with reduced dimensionality, resulting in largely different properties compared to the three dimensional structures. Among these new classes of carbon allotropes is the first two-dimensional material: graphene.The successful isolation of monolayers of graphene challenged a long established belief in the scientific community: the fact that purely 2D materials cannot exist at ambient conditions. The Landau-Peierls instability theorem states that purely 2D materials are very unstable due to increasing thermal fluctuations when the material in question extends in both dimensions. To minimize its energy, the material will break into coagulated islands, an effect known as island growth. Graphene happens to overcome such barrier by forming continuous ripples on the surface of its substrate and thus is stable even at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.A great intention from the scientific community has been given to graphene, since 2004. Both fundamental and mechanical properties of graphene are fascinating. Thanks to its carbon atoms that are packed in a sp2 hybridized fashion, thus forming a hexagonal lattice structure, graphene has the largest young modulus and stretching power, yet it is hundreds of times stronger than steel. It conducts heat and electricity very efficiently, achieving an electron mobility as high as 107 cm−2V−1 s−1 when suspended over the substrate. The most fascinating aspect about graphene is the nature of its low energy charge carriers. Indeed, graphene has a linear energy dispersion at the charge neutrality, giving the charge carriers in graphene a relativistic nature. Many phenomena observed in this material are consequences of this relativistic nature of its carriers. Ballistic transport, universal optical conductivity, absence of back-scattering, and a new class of room temperaturequantum Hall effect are good examples of newly discovered phenomena in thismaterial. Graphene has become an active research area in condensed matter physics since 2004. It is however still early to state that all the physical properties of this material are well understood. In this thesis we conducted magneto-Raman spectroscopy experiments to address some of the open questions in the physics of graphene, such as the effect of electron-electron coupling on the energy spectrum of monolayer graphene, and the change in the physical properties of multilayer graphene as a function of the crystallographic stacking order. In all our experiments, the graphene-based systems have been subject to strong continuous magnetic fields, applied normal to the graphene layers. We study the evolution of its energy excitation spectra in the presence of the magnetic field, and also the coupling between these excitations and specific vibrational modes that are already in the system. This experimental approach allows us to deduce the band structure of the studied system at zero field, as well as many other lowenergy properties
Fillon, Amélie. "Interdépendance entre contraintes, transition de phase et nanostructure lors de la croissance par pulvérisation magnétron de films métalliques : application au système Mo/Si". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628047.
Texto completo da fonteMerindol, Rémi. "Layer-by-layer assembly of strong bio-inspired nanocomposites". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE015/document.
Texto completo da fonteNatural materials such as nacre or wood gain their exceptional mechanical performances from the precise organisation of rigid and soft components at the nano-scale. Layer-by-layer assembly allows the preparation of films with a nano-scale control over their organisation and composition. This work describes the assembly and properties of new nano-composites containing 1-D (cellulose nano-fibrils) and 2-D (clay nano-platelets) reinforcing elements. The clay platelets were combined with an extremely soft matrix (poly(dimethylsiloxane)) to mimic the lamellar architecture of nacre. Cellulose based composites with a random in plane orientation of the fibrils were studied first, later we aligned the fibrils in a single direction to mimic further the cell wall of wood. The mechanical properties of these bio-inspired composites match or surpass those of their natural counterparts, while being transparent and in one case self-repairing
Simon, Pierre. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique et de la rupture en conditions dynamiques d’aciers de structure et à blindage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0042.
Texto completo da fonteThe present study deals with the modelling of the thermo-viscoplastic behaviour and the failure of a structural steel “S355NL” and a naval armour steel. An experimental campaign have been performed to observe the mechanical response of these material over a wide range of conditions, especially their sensitivities to the strain rate (from 〖10〗^(-3) to ~〖10〗^4 s^(-1)) and to the temperature (from -100 to 200 °C). The obtained results have been used to identify the parameters of several constitutive relations. A new approach have been developed to improve the description of the strain rate sensitivity. These relations have been implemented in numerical simulation to model the impact of a projectile on these steels. The obtained results have been compared with corresponding experimental tests in order to assess the reliability of the data and the hypothesis used in the simulations
Parra, Martinez Juan Pablo. "On multilayered system dynamics and waves in anisotropic poroelastic media". Doctoral thesis, KTH, VinnExcellence Center for ECO2 Vehicle design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195801.
Texto completo da fonteQC 20161110
Almohamad, Ramia. "Etude du tissage hybride multicouche : réalisation d’une machine par une approche multiaxes synchronisés". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH8852/document.
Texto completo da fonteWoven fabric is basically produced by interlacing two set of threads, warp yarns, or ends, which run lengthwise in the fabric and the filling yarns (weft), or picks, which run from side to side. The traditional system of ends and picks interlacing is identified as a two dimensional weave or pattern. Involving woven fabrics into technical applications require the evolution of advanced patterns in which ends and picks can be interlaced to build a 3D woven fabric. Moreover, these advanced patterns can allow the integration of new elements other than textile yarns such as sensors, liquid-feeding tubes, electric wires, etc. The goal of this study is to develop a new concept of weaving machine that fill these requirements by moving the various mechanisms of weaving machine independently and replacing the mechanical synchronization by an electronic one. Such a new synchronization will take the timing diagram apart and thus to bring new functions. The new concept of the weaving machine lies on two parts; a mechanical part and an electronic part. The developed automation for this new concept is based on an advanced automation structure. This structure is composed of motion controller, IHM, a distance PLC connected to a CANmotion bus to meet the user's needs, this new concept of weaving machine based on electronic cams which is one of the strongest point. This new machine electronically synchronized allows a great flexibility and gives a great opportunity to develop a wide range of new woven fabric structures
Jrad, Wassim. "Dynamic behavior of thin-walled beams : Analytical, numerical and experimental approaches". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0271.
Texto completo da fonteThin-walled beams with open section constitute main elements in engineering applications fields as in civil engineering, automotive and aerospace construction. Due to slenderness and cross section shapes, these elements are very sensitive to torsion and instabilities in both statics and dynamics. In dynamics, the torsional and flexural-torsional modes of vibration are often lower frequencies compared to the classical plane pure bending modes. Thus, planar failures of such structures are known to be an exception rather than a rule. In torsion, warping is important and governs the behavior. In this thesis work, we are interested with the dynamic behavior of thin-walled beams with arbitrary open cross sections. Based on the Vlasov’s model accounting for warping, the 3D motion equations are derived from the Hamilton’s principle. Original analytical solutions for different boundary conditions are derived for higher free vibration modes. In these solutions, the effects of the inertial rotation terms in bending and torsion are taken into consideration. For more general cases, a 3D beam finite element model is described and implemented. Compared to conventional 3D beams, warping is considered as an additional Degree Of Freedom (DOF). The mass and stiffness matrices are obtained by numerical integration (Gauss method). In the model, free and forced vibration analyses are possible. The model is validated by comparison with benchmark solutions available in the literature and other numerical results obtained from simulation on commercial codes. In order to validate the present model, laboratory test campaign is undertaken at the LEM3 laboratory in Metz. Tests are carried out on thin-walled beams with different boundary conditions. Free and forced vibration tests are performed using impact hammer and shaker machine. In the presence of arbitrary sections, flexural-torsional vibration modes are observed. The analytical, the numerical and the experimental solutions are compared and validated. Moreover, the numerical and experimental dynamic response spectra are compared. A good agreement between the various solutions is remarked. The model is extended to 3D beams in presence of lateral braces. 3D elastic and viscous springs are added in the finite element model. The effect of the springs is studied in order to improve the behavior of thin-walled beams against undesirable lateral bending and torsion modes
Simon, Pierre. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique et de la rupture en conditions dynamiques d’aciers de structure et à blindage". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0042/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe present study deals with the modelling of the thermo-viscoplastic behaviour and the failure of a structural steel “S355NL” and a naval armour steel. An experimental campaign have been performed to observe the mechanical response of these material over a wide range of conditions, especially their sensitivities to the strain rate (from 〖10〗^(-3) to ~〖10〗^4 s^(-1)) and to the temperature (from -100 to 200 °C). The obtained results have been used to identify the parameters of several constitutive relations. A new approach have been developed to improve the description of the strain rate sensitivity. These relations have been implemented in numerical simulation to model the impact of a projectile on these steels. The obtained results have been compared with corresponding experimental tests in order to assess the reliability of the data and the hypothesis used in the simulations
El, Rassy Elissa. "Development of Methods to Identify Thermophysical Properties of Complex Media". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0013.
Texto completo da fonteAdvanced materials with complex structures (anisotropic, multilayers and heterogeneous like porous) are increasingly used in many applications, (e.g. automotive, aeronautics, chemical industry, civil and biomedical engineering) due to their advantages, in terms of mechanical and physical properties enhancements. Estimating thermophysical properties of such materials becomes a crucial issue in several applications in order to correctly predict temperature evolution inside these structures and to ensure the control and the modelling of heat transfers through the processes. In this context, the identification of such materials thermophysical properties, has taken from many years, a significant and increasing concern. The main feature of this thesis relies on the devolvement of a direct and simultaneous identification method of the thermal diffusivities of monolayer or multilayer materials using an analytical 3D transient model and a unique and non-intrusive experiment. The proposed method is firstly validated on an isotropic opaque monolayermaterial, then applied and verified on an orthotropic one. The identificationmethod is based on the well-known flash-method experiment whose temperature evolution on the front or rear face on the sample, recorded via an IR camera, is used to identify the unknown parameters. Considering the complexity, and the non-linearity of the inverse problem, a hybrid optimization algorithm combining a stochastic algorithm (Particles Swarm Optimization) and a deterministic one (gradient based), has been chosen. This minimization procedure is applied to fit the observation to the output of a pseudo- analytical model inspired from the thermal quadrupoles approach that predicts the temperature evolution on the front or rear face. The thermal excitation, generated by a CO2 laser, is mimicked by an imposed localized heat flux that may be of Dirac or pulse type. The estimations are compared with values from literature and results obtain from well-established methods. Finally, some improvement of the method are investigated, in terms of time consumption and accuracy, with an optimization of the experiment design (pulse time and intensity, measurement face). The method is then generalised to multi-layer materials, then applied experimentally to a two-layer material. This strategy, which can be considered as a challenging task, is motivated by the impossibility, in some cases, to separate the 2 layers, especially for coatings deposited on substrates which is the last application investigated in this work. A sensitivity analysis is often conducted in order to test the feasibility of the estimation and compare, for two-layer and multilayers materials, several possible configurations in terms of excitation/measurements faces. Pre-evaluation of the overall identification methods and parametric studies are performed using synthetic noisy data generated using the model or a numerical finite element code(pseudo-experiment) to verify the approaches feasibility and robustness. One of the most distinctive features of our approach is that the estimation may be successfully achieved without any a priori knowledge about the shape or the intensity of the excitation. Indeed, besides the simultaneous estimation of the thermal diffusivities, the method predicts the total amount of heat absorbed by the material as well as the space shape of the thermal excitation
Yang, Yingying. "Innovative non-destructive methodology for energy diagnosis of building envelope". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0913/document.
Texto completo da fonteBuildings represent a large share in terms of energy consumption, such as 35% in the member countries of IEA (2010) and 39.8% in U.S. (2015). Climate controlling (space heating and space cooling) occupies more than half of the consumption. While this consumption can be reduced by improving the building energy efficiency, in which the thermal performance of building envelope plays a critical role. Therefore, the thermal diagnosis of building envelope is of great important, for example, in the case of new building accreditation, retrofitting energy efficiency of old building and the building resale and renting. However, very few diagnostic methods exist for the characterization of thick walls. The present measurement standards that based on steady state heat transfer regime need a long time (several days). The classical transient technologies, such as flash method, are difficult to implement on the walls because of the large thickness of walls and the complex conditions in situ. This thesis aims to explore innovative methodologies for thermal quantitative diagnosis of building envelope. Two experimental cases were carried out: one is in laboratory (IFSTTAR, Nantes) and the other is in situ (IUT, Bordeaux). Different sensors and instruments were studied to measure the wall heat flux and surface temperature, and provided some guidelines for the choice of sensors and data processing protocols as well. Using these measured data, three estimation approaches were proposed to estimate the thermal parameters of the multilayer thick wall: pulse response curve method, step response curve method and inverse method, which can be applied for different diagnostic situations. In addition, an innovative NDE (non-destructive evaluation) method using terahertz (THz) radiation was also investigated. Measurements were carried out in I2M laboratory to characterize the absorption coefficient of standard building materials (insulation, plaster, concrete, wood ...). This THz method can be combined with a previous thermal method to provide some complementary information
Shi, Feifei. "Comportement des tôles métalliques à gradient de propriété sous chargement dynamique". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0035/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis Ph.D dissertation aimed at the comprehensive understanding and the constitutive modeling of the mechanical behaviours of the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet under a large range of loading rates. SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheets are multi-layered functionally graded materials (FGM). The main research results and conclusions are summarized as followed:(1) The overall rate sensitivity SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet is characterized by the double shearing test under quasi-static and dynamic loading where a large strain can be achieved without geometry instability. Impact double shear test are performed with a large diameter Hopkinson bar system and an adapted equal-impedance clamping device. Significant rate sensitivity is found. It is also observed that such a rate enhancement does not induce an important reduction of the ductility.(2) In order to extract accurate material information from the double shear tests, their testing conditions are thoroughly analyzed using numerical simulation. Numerical models including clamping devices have been built to investigate the influence of this clamping device at the early stage of loading. A limited effect was found for various imperfect testing conditions such as the clamping device stiffness, non-homogeneous stress and strain fields, non-equilibrium state, etc. On the contrary, numerical and analytical study shows that the simple small strain assumption usually used in double shear tests are not accurate enough. Eulerian cumulated strain definition should be used to get consistent numerical results. From this finding, the experimental rate sensitivity obtained for the SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet are recalculated.(3) A multi-layers elastic plastic damageable constitutive model is proposed to model SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet. The parameters are identified using tensile testing results. The elastic plastic behavior is curve fitted with a simple Ludwig hardening model. However, the damage parameters should be identified using an inverse method on the basis of numerical simulation of these tensile tests. In order to validate this multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model, indentation/piercing tests on SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet are performed. Numerical simulation of this indentation/piercing tests is also realized. It is found that the identified multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model allows for a quite accurate prediction of the experimental piercing tests.(4) In order to evaluate the impact anti-piercing capacity of the SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet, the impact perforation tests using Hopkinson bar are carried out. Numerical simulation of these impact perforation tests are realized with a similar FEM model as the quasi-static case. As the rate sensitivity of SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet is experimentally characterized with double shear test, a rate sensitive multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model is introduced. The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones, which indicates the effectiveness of the numerical model as well as the rate sensitive multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model