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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 28 de janeiro de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Paleontology Proterozoic"

Vidal, Gonzalo. "Proterozoic and Cambrian bioevents". Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 13, n.º 3 (27 de fevereiro de 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.23973.

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Astafieva, M. M., S. B. Felitsyn e N. A. Alfimova. "Bacterial Remains in the Lower Proterozoic Red-Colored Quartzites". Paleontological Journal 55, n.º 4 (julho de 2021): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003103012104002x.

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MOORE, KELSEY R., THEODORE M. PRESENT, FRANK PAVIA, JOHN P. GROTZINGER, JOSEPH RAZZELL HOLLIS, SUNANDA SHARMA, DAVID FLANNERY et al. "BIOSIGNATURE PRESERVATION AIDED BY ORGANIC-CATION INTERACTIONS IN PROTEROZOIC TIDAL ENVIRONMENTS". PALAIOS 37, n.º 9 (15 de setembro de 2022): 486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2022.017.

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Abstract The preservation of organic biosignatures during the Proterozoic Eon required specific taphonomic windows that could entomb organic matter to preserve amorphous kerogen and even microbial body fossils before they could be extensively degraded. Some of the best examples of such preservation are found in early diagenetic chert that formed in peritidal environments. This chert contains discrete domains of amorphous kerogen and sometimes kerogenous microbial mat structures and microbial body fossils. Our understanding of how these exquisite microfossils were preserved and the balance between organic degradation and mineral formation has remained incomplete. Here, we present new insights into organic preservation in Proterozoic peritidal environments facilitated through interactions among organic matter, cations, and silica. Organic matter from Proterozoic peritidal environments is not preserved by micro- or cryptocrystalline quartz alone. Rather, preservation includes cation-rich nanoscopic phases containing magnesium, calcium, silica, and aluminum that pre-date chert emplacement and may provide nucleation sites for silica deposition and enable further chert development. Using scanning electron microscopy and elemental mapping with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, we identify cation enrichment in Proterozoic organic matter and cation-rich nanoscopic phases that pre-date chert. We pair these analyses with precipitation experiments to investigate the role of cations in the precipitation of silica from seawater. Our findings suggest that organic preservation in peritidal environments required rapid formation of nanoscopic mineral phases through the interactions of organic matter with seawater. These organic-cation interactions likely laid the initial foundation for the preservation and entombment of biosignatures, paving the way for the development of the fossiliferous chert that now contains these biosignatures and preserves a record of Proterozoic life.

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Gaucher, Claudio, Peter Sprechman e Alejandro Schipilov. "Upper and Middle Proterozoic fossiliferous sedimentary sequences of the Nico Pérez Terrane of Uruguay: Lithostratigraphic units, paleontology, depositional environments and correlations". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 199, n.º 3 (24 de abril de 1996): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/199/1996/339.

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Holm-Denoma, Christopher S., William A. Matthews, Linda K. Soar, Mark W. Longman e James W. Hagadorn. "Provenance of Devonian–Carboniferous strata of Colorado: The influence of the Cambrian and the Proterozoic". Rocky Mountain Geology 57, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24872/rmgjournal.57.1.1.

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ABSTRACT We report new LA-ICP-MS U–Pb detrital zircon ages and sedimentary petrology of silty to sandy limestones and dolostones, as well as calcareous to dolomitic sandstones of the Devonian–Carboniferous (Mississippian) Chaffee Group. We also report new detrital zircon ages from the late Cambrian Sawatch Quartzite, and a U–Pb zircon crystallization age on a late Mesoproterozoic (1087.9 ± 13.5 Ma) granitoid of underlying basement from the Eagle Basin of northwest Colorado. Grain populations in the Chaffee Group are mostly bimodal. More than 84% of zircons centered around a Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.78 Ga) mode typical of the Yavapai province that forms much of the basement of Colorado and an early Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.42 Ga) mode typical of A-type granites that intrude this region. A notable late Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.08 Ga) mode exists in some Chaffee samples, giving those samples a trimodal detrital zircon age distribution. These bipartite or tripartite detrital zircon age modes exist in Cambrian, Devonian, and Carboniferous strata from paleogeographically adjacent successions, but the correlation between the Chaffee zircons is highest with the region’s basal Cambrian sandstones of the Sawatch Quartzite, Flathead Sandstone, and Ignacio Quartzite, which have similar (ca. 1.08 Ga, 1.43 Ga, 1.70 Ga, respectively) zircon populations, and a paucity of > 1.8 Ga grains. This similarity suggests that most grains in the Chaffee Group derive from recycling of these basal sandstones, and that little sediment was derived directly from thenexposed Precambrian basement highs, from the Wyoming craton to the north, or from Paleoproterozoic arcs and orogens to the west and northeast. Minor Mesoarchean to early Paleoproterozoic (ca. 3.00 to 2.40 Ga) grains exist in the Chaffee Group, an attribute shared by the Late Ordovician Harding Sandstone of Colorado’s Front Range, but that is absent from the region’s underlying Cambrian sandstones—suggesting some recycled mixture of Cambrian and Ordovician sedimentary rocks. No near-depositional age grains are present in the Chaffee Group. The youngest grain is Early Devonian (~417 Ma), > 45 million years (m.y.) older than these strata. Additionally, Paleozoic grains are extremely uncommon (< 0.1%; n = 2,927 grains).

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Xiao, Shuhai, e Qing Tang. "After the boring billion and before the freezing millions: evolutionary patterns and innovations in the Tonian Period". Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2, n.º 2 (29 de junho de 2018): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170165.

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The Tonian Period (ca. 1000–720 Ma) follows the ‘boring billion' in the Mesoproterozoic Era and precedes ‘snowball Earth' glaciations in the Cryogenian Period. It represents a critical transition in Earth history. Geochemical data indicate that the Tonian Period may have witnessed a significant increase in atmospheric pO2 levels and a major transition from predominantly sulfidic to ferruginous mid-depth seawaters. Molecular clock estimates suggest that early animals may have diverged in the Tonian Period, raising the intriguing possibility of coupled environmental changes and evolutionary innovations. The co-evolution of life and its environment during the Tonian Period can be tested against the fossil record by examining diversity trends in the Proterozoic and evolutionary innovations in the Tonian. Compilations of Proterozoic microfossils and macrofossils apparently support a Tonian increase in global taxonomic diversity and morphological range relative to the Mesoproterozoic Era, although this is not reflected in assemblage-level diversity patterns. The fossil record suggests that major eukaryote groups (including Opisthokonta, Amoebozoa, Plantae, and SAR) may have diverged and important evolutionary innovations (e.g. multicellularity and cell differentiation in several groups, eukaryovory, eukaryote biomineralization, and heterocystous cyanobacteria) may have arisen by the Tonian Period, but thus far no convincing animal fossils have been found in the Tonian. Tonian paleontology is still in its nascent stage, and it offers many opportunities to explore Earth-life evolution in this critical geological period.

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Duda, Jan-Peter, Hannah König, Manuel Reinhardt, Julia Shuvalova e Pavel Parkhaev. "Molecular fossils within bitumens and kerogens from the ~ 1 Ga Lakhanda Lagerstätte (Siberia, Russia) and their significance for understanding early eukaryote evolution". PalZ 95, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2021): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-021-00593-4.

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AbstractThe emergence and diversification of eukaryotes during the Proterozoic is one of the most fundamental evolutionary developments in Earth’s history. The ca. 1-billion-year-old Lakhanda Lagerstätte (Siberia, Russia) contains a wealth of eukaryotic body fossils and offers an important glimpse into their ecosystem. Seeking to complement the paleontological record of this remarkable lagerstätte, we here explored information encoded within sedimentary organic matter (total organic carbon = 0.01–1.27 wt.%). Major emphasis was placed on sedimentary hydrocarbons preserved within bitumens and kerogens, including molecular fossils (or organic biomarkers) that are specific to bacteria and eukaryotes (i.e. hopanes and regular steranes, respectively). Programmed pyrolysis and molecular organic geochemistry suggest that the organic matter in the analyzed samples is about peak oil window maturity and thus sufficiently well preserved for detailed molecular fossil studies that include hopanes and steranes. Together with petrographic evidence as well as compositional similarities of the bitumens and corresponding kerogens, the consistency of different independent maturity parameters establishes that sedimentary hydrocarbons are indigenous and syngenetic to the host rock. The possible presence of trace amounts of hopanes and absence of steranes in samples that are sufficiently well preserved to retain both types of compounds evidences an environment dominated by anaerobic bacteria with no or very little inputs by eukaryotes. In concert with the paleontological record of the Lakhanda Lagerstätte, our study adds to the view that eukaryotes were present but not significant in Mesoproterozoic ecosystems.

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Horodyski, Robert J. "Paleontology of proterozoic shales and mudstones: examples from the Belt supergroup, Chuar group and Pahrump group, western USA". Precambrian Research 61, n.º 3-4 (março de 1993): 241–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(93)90116-j.

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PRATT, BRIAN R. "KINNEYIA-TYPE WRINKLE STRUCTURES ON SANDSTONE BEDS: NOT MICROBIALLY INDUCED BUT DEFORMATION FEATURES CAUSED BY SYNSEDIMENTARY EARTHQUAKES". PALAIOS 36, n.º 10 (27 de outubro de 2021): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.015.

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ABSTRACT A category of wrinkle structures, often termed Kinneyia structure or Runzel marks, comprises bedding plane features consisting typically of anastomosing, low-relief, flat-topped ridges with intervening depressions. Topographic relief is usually less than a millimeter. They are locally common on the upper surfaces of fine- to medium-grained sandstone beds interbedded with mudstone deposited in offshore settings, especially in Precambrian and lower Paleozoic strata but as young as Cretaceous. For more than the last two decades these wrinkle structures have been widely regarded as due to microbial mats, and have been taken as evidence for dominance in the Proterozoic of microbially stabilized sediment and, in the Phanerozoic, a matground marine benthic ecology which gradually gave way to a mixground ecology. The detailed morphology and cross-cutting relationships demonstrated by a range of specimens of Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Silurian age, however, cast this interpretation into doubt. The relationship between the wrinkled surface and bioclasts such as shells and both prior- and later-formed scour surfaces, and horizontal and vertical burrows show that these wrinkles did not develop due to the surface topography of microbial mats or compaction of microbial mats during burial, but instead formed at the top of a sand bed at the interface with an overlying layer of mud. Deformation is ascribed to vibration from low-magnitude earthquakes. The presence in some units of small-scale sedimentary dikelets and crack arrays that formed later after some stiffening, along with locally associated seismites and other evidence for nearby faulting, show that syndepositional tectonic activity was not unexpected and support the interpretation that this category of wrinkle structures is a type of seismite.

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Tang, Qing, Ke Pang, Guangjin Li, Lei Chen, Xunlai Yuan, Mukund Sharma e Shuhai Xiao. "The Proterozoic macrofossil Tawuia as a coenocytic eukaryote and a possible macroalga". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 576 (agosto de 2021): 110485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110485.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Paleontology Proterozoic"

Filho, William Sallun. "Análise dos Estromatólitos do Grupo Itaiacoca (Proterozóico), ao Sul de Itapeva, SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44136/tde-10052010-165919/.

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Estromatólitos foram estudados em nove localidades ao sul de Itapeva (SP), principalmente em metacalcários dolomíticos cinza-claro e, secundariamente, em metacalcários calcíticos cinza-escuro, do Grupo Itaiacoca, uma unidade vulcanossedimentar mesoproterozóica da Faixa Ribeira. Foram diferenciados em cinco formas colunares, a mais comum consistindo de colunas coniformes, não ramificadas, de diâmetros e alturas centimétricas a decimétricas, atribuídas a Conophyton. As outras quatro formas, com laminação convexa mas não coniforme, diferem em tamanho, silhueta e estilo/freqüência de ramificação. As diferenças na preservação dos estromatólitos são relacionadas ao comportamentos tectônicos distintos entre o metacalcário dolomítico (mais puro), com comportamento competente, e o calcítico (mais argiloso) que atuou de forma mais plástica. Nas melhores exposições desta área os estromatólitos estão agrupados em bioermas de Conophyton, sem indícios de exposição ou retrabalhamento sub-aéreo ou por ondas, evidenciando um ambiente calmo e relativamente profundo, provavelmente abaixo do nível de base de ondas, de talvez até algumas dezenas de metros de profundidade. Conophyton de Itapeva é semelhante a estromatólitos coniformes próximo a Abapã (PR), também no Grupo Itaiacoca, a cerca de 100 km de Itapeva, mas difere de outras formas, incluindo Conophyton cylindricum e C. metulum, de unidades proterozóicas associadas a margem oeste do Cráton do São Francisco. O Conophyton do Grupo Itaiacoca é semelhante a formas na ex-União Soviética que são geralmente encontrados no Mesoproterozóico ou Neoproterozóico inferior, que é consistente com as datações radiométricas disponíveis que colocam esta unidade próximo ao final do Mesoproterozóico.
Stromatolites were studied at nine localities south of Itapeva, São Paulo, Brazil, generally in light-gray metadolostones and secondarily in dark-gray metalimestones of the Itaiacoca Group, a Mesoproterozoic volcanosedimentary unit of the Ribeira Belt. Five columnar forms were distinguished, the most common consisting of unbranched, coniform columns, with centimetric to decimetric diameters and heights, attributed to Conophyton. The other four forms exhibit convex, but not coniform lamination and differ in size, silhouette and style/frequency of branching. Differences in stromatolite preservation are related to the differing tectonic behavious of the purer and more competent metadolostones and the more argillaceous metalimestones which behaved more plastically. In the best exposures in this area the stromatolites are grouped into Conophyton bioherms, without any evidence of subaerial exposure or reworking by waves, which suggests that they formed in a calm and relatively deep setting (perhaps up to several tens of meters in depth), probably below the base of fairweather water. Conophyton from Itapeva is similar to other coniform stromatolites in the Itaiacoca Group near Abapã (Paraná), about 100 km SW of Itapeva, but differs from other forms, including Conophyton cylindricum and C. metulum, from Proterozoic successions associated with the western margin of the São Francisco Craton. The Conophyton from the Itaiacoca Group is most similar to forms in the ex-Sovietic Union that are usually found in the Mesoproterozoic or lowest Neoproterozoic, which is consistent with available radiometric age dates that place this unit near the end of the Mesoproterozoic.

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Baghiyan-Yazd, Mohammad Hassan. "Palaeoichnology of the terminal Proterozoic-Early Cambrian transition in central Australia : interregional correlation and palaeoecology". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb1445.pdf.

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Schiffbauer, James Daniel. "Contributions and New Methods in Paleontology: Geochemical, Ultrastructural, and Microstructural Characterization of Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic Fossils". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27519.

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Over the past decade, the study of organismal or systematic paleobiology has been progressing into a new age of digital paleobiology, in which advanced instrumentation is utilized for primary data collection and analyses. Having been progressing throughout this field of study, advanced instruments–commonly electron- and ion- microbeam equipment–have been employed for numerous fossils over the entire range of geologic time, from microfossils to macrofossils and from the Archean (beginning at 3800 Ma) to the Cenozoic (ending at the recent). These techniques, predominantly used for geochemical, morphological, and ultra-/micro-structural analyses, have unlocked an incredible amount of detail contributing to our understanding of fossil organisms, their modes of life, and their biological affinities. But further, as these techniques continue to grow and become popularized in various fields of paleobiological study, they are certain to significantly progress our comprehension and knowledge of the evolution of life through time. While the chapters presented in this dissertation may not have a unifying theme in terms of a distinct fossil organism or specific time in Earth's history, furthering the use of electron- and ion- microbeam instrumentation and expanding the paleo-genres to which digital paleobiological approaches may be applied encompasses the fundamental intention of my research. Two of the chapters reported here focus on the geochemical, ultrastructural, and microstructural investigation of organic-walled microfossils, or acritarchs, from the Paleoproterozoic (2500–1600 Ma) and Mesoproterozoic (1600–1000 Ma), using a range of advanced instrumentation including field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, electron microprobe, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and focused ion beam electron microscopy. Moving into the Neoproterozoic (1000–542 Ma), the third primary research chapter utilizes field emission scanning electron microscopy for high-resolution, high magnification imaging and quantitative evaluation of an entire fossil assemblage–from acritarchs and algal fossils to the earliest metazoan embryos. This study was conducted in an effort to examine and describe the phosphatization taphonomic window of the Doushantuo Formation of South China, which is a prime example of exceptional preservation. Finally, the fourth primary research chapter reported here uses field emission scanning electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy in a field of paleobiology in which advanced instrumentation has been highly underutilized – predatory-prey interactions. This research examines microstructural characteristics of predatory drill holes in both modern and fossil organisms in an attempt to mitigate the identification of predation traces in the fossil record.
Ph. D.

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Subacius, Sandra Maria Rodrigues. "Estudo biogeoquímico e micropaleontológico do silex negro da FM. Sete Lagoas, GR. Bambui (Proterozóico Superior) São Gabriel (GO), Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 1986. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44132/tde-15092015-144321/.

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O estudo biogeoquímico da matéria orgânica (MO) amorfa e estruturada (microfósseis) associada a duas amostras de sílex negro (SG-1 e SG-2), finamente laminados, da Formação Sete Lagoas, Grupo Bambuí (Proterozóico Superior), da localidade de São Gabriel, Estado de Goiás (Brasil), revelou que: 1. A MO amorfa, que perfaz cerca de 0,12% do conteúdo total de carbono orgânico, é constituída por duas frações, solúvel e insolúvel, sendo que apenas o querogênio é singenético. 2. A fração solúvel (FS) alóctona provém de várias fontes, predominando a MO móvel migrada de sedimentos do Fanerozóico e de contaminações do solo, possivelmente de líquens. 3. Os querogênios SG-1 e SG-2, a despeito da idade do sedimento encaixante, possivelmente não seguiram o esquema clássico da maturação orgânica, uma vez que apresentam razões O/C elevadas, incompatíveis com as razões H/C (dentro da zona metagenética). 4. Os baixos graus de cristalinidade dos querogênios pesquisados são devidos aos seus altos teores em oxigênio, do qual grande parte está na forma de radicais do tipo quinona. Estes radicais, identificados pelo infra-vermelho e ressonância paramagnética do elétron, são responsáveis pela imobilidade da estrutura química dos querogênios mesmo quando foram aquecidos com o metamorfismo regional. 5. Os querogênios SG-1 e SG-2 exibem valores de ?13C (- 27,2? e - 29,2? respectivamente), que sugere MO fotossintetizada e submetida a uma história térmica branda. 6. O índice colorimétrico (marrom bem escuro) das organolitas, que indica MO senil, constitui a única evidência do aquecimento tardio da MO com o metamorfismo regional. 7. Apesar da microflora preservada ser dominada por elementos alogênicos (fragmentos de colônias transportados do sítio de crescimento) e planctônicos, ambos querogênios derivam majoritariamente do decaimento de comunidades bentônicas fotoautotróficas, provavelmente responsáveis pela feição laminar da rocha carbonática original. Ambos querogênios exibem razões O/C e H/C comparáveis aos querogênios proterozóicos húmicos do tipo IV. 8. A microflora preservada representa uma comunidade de microorganismos típica de fácies silicosas do Proterozóico Médio e Superior. Caracterizou-se em SG-1 sete taxa com afinidades com a Chroococcaceae, que incluem um gênero e uma espécie nova: Myxococcoides sp.a, M. sp. b; ?M. sp.; Sphaerophycus sp. Gloeodiniopis cf. G. lamellosa; Forma A; Urucellum bambuiense sp. n.; três taxa com afinidades com a Entophysalidaceae: Eoentophysalis sp. a, E. sp. b, e cf. E. arcata; cinco taxa incertae sedis: aff Globophycus sp, aff. Globophycus sp, aff. Caryophaeroides sp. aff. Zosterosphaera sp, Forma B, e Forma C.; e finalmente quatro taxa com afinidades eucarióticas: ?Glenobotrydion aenigmatis, Forma D, Kildinella sp. a; K. sp. b. . Na amostra SG-2 os microfósseis são mais escassos e estão representados por duas taxa filamentosas: ?Salome sp e Siphonophycus sp. e uma taxa com afinidades Chroococcaceae: Myxococcoides sp. 9. A presença de raros, mas muito bem preservados, exemplares de acritarcas de interesse bioestratigráfico, notadamente do gênero Kildinella sugere uma idade para a formação Sete Lagoas restrita ao Rifeano Superior e Vendiano Inferior (950-570 milhões de anos). Os acritarcas constitui também a primeira descrição formal de prováveis eucariontes no registro fóssil do Pré-cambriano brasileiro.
Biogeochemical study of amorphous and structured organic matter (OM) in two samples of thinly laminated black cherts from the Sete Lagoas Formation, Bambui Group (Late Proterozoic) São Gabriel region, State of Goiás, Brazil, has shown that: 1. The amorphous OM consists of a soluble fraction (SF) and an insoluble fraction (Kerogen), of which only the latter is syngenetic. 2. The allochthonous SF comes from several sources, mainly from soil contamination and Phanerozoic sediments. 3. The Kerogen in both samples (SG-1 and SG-2) exhibits high O/C ratios, incompatible with H/C ratios in the metagenic interval that might be expected for samples of such great age. It thus appears that this Kerogen did not follow the classical sequence of organic maturation. 4. The low degree of crystallinity of the kerogens is due to the high oxygen content, which is largely concentrated in quinoid groups, as identified by infra-red spectrometry and electron paramagnetic resonance. 5. SG-1 and SG-2 kerogens have ?13C values of -27.2? and -29.2? respectively, suggestive of photosynthetic OM that underwent a mild thermal hystory. The color (dark brown) of the organopalyno facies indicates senile OM and comprises the only evidence of late heating due to regional tectonism. 7. Although the preserved microbiota is dominated by allochthonus elements (colonial fragments) and planktonic forms, both kerogens were derived for the most part from photo-autotrofic benthonic communities, probably responsible for the lamination in the original carbonate rock. SG-1 and SG-2 kerogens exhibits O/C and H/C ratios camparable to Proterozoic humic kerogens (type IV). 8. The São Gabriel microflora represent a microbial community of the chert-algal facies typical of the Middle and Upper Proterozoic. The association in SG-1 consists of seven taxa with chroococcacean affinities, including n. gen. et sp, Myxococcoides sp.a; M. sp.b; ?M. sp.; Sphaerophycus sp.; Gloeodiniopsis cf. G. lamellosa; Forma A; Urucellum bambuiense sp. n.; three taxa with entophysalidacean affinities; Eoentophysalis sp. a; E. sp.b; cf. E.arcata; five taxa incertae sedis: aff. Globophycus sp.; aff. Caryosphaeroides sp.; add. Zosterosphaera sp.; Forma B Forma C; and, finally, four taxa with eukaryotic affinities: ?Glenobotrydion aenigmatis; Forma D; Kildinella sp.a; K. sp.b. In SG-2 chert, the microfossils are scarce and are represented by two filamentous taxa: ?Salome sp. and Siphonophycus sp., and by one taxa with chroococcacean affinity: Myxococcoides sp.. 9. The ocurrence of rare but well-preserved acritarchs (Kildinella spp.) in the microflora is biostratigraphically significant in that it suggests a Late Riphean or Vendian age (950-570 m.y.) for the Sete Lagoas Formation. This also comprises the first formal description of probably eukariotic microfossils in the Brazilian Precambrian fossil record.

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Delpomdor, Franck. "Sedimentology, geochemistry and depositional environments of the 1175-570 Ma carbonate series, Sankuru-Mbuji-Mayi-Lomami-Lovoy and Bas-Congo basins, Democratic Republic of Congo: new insights into late Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic glacially- and/or tectonically-influenced sedimentary systems in equatorial Africa". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209486.

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The one of the most important Eras of the Earth history, i.e. Neoproterozoic (1000-542 Ma),

was an enigmatic period characterized by the development of the first stable long-lived ~1.1-

0.9 Ga Rodinia and 550-500 Ma Gondwana supercontinents, global-scale orogenic belts,

extreme climatic changes (cf. Snowball Earth Hypothesis), the development of microbial

organisms facilitating the oxidizing atmosphere and explosion of eukaryotic forms toward the

first animals in the terminal Proterozoic. This thesis presents a multidisciplinary study of two

Neoproterozoic basins, i.e. Bas-Congo and Sankuru-Mbuji-Mayi-Lomami-Lovoy, in and around the Congo Craton including sedimentology, geochemistry, diagenesis, chemostratigraphy and radiometric dating of carbonate deposits themselves.

The Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup sequence deposited in a SE-NW trending 1500 m-thick siliciclastic-carbonate intracratonic failed-rift basin, extends from the northern Katanga Province towards the centre of the Congo River Basin. The 1000 m-thick carbonate succession is related to the evolution of a marine ramp submitted to evaporation, with ‘deep’ shaly basinal and low-energy carbonate outer-ramp environments, marine biohermal midramp (MF6) and ‘very shallow’ restricted tide-dominated lagoonal inner-ramp (MF7-MF9) settings overlain by lacustrine (MF10) and sabkha (MF11) environments, periodically

submitted to a river water source with a possible freshwater-influence. The sequence stratigraphy shows that the sedimentation is cyclic in the inner ramp with plurimetric ‘thin’ peritidal cycles (± 4 m on average) recording a relative sea level of a maximum of 4 m, with fluctuations in the range of 1-4 m. The outer/mid ramp subtidal facies are also cyclic with ‘thick’ subtidal cycles characterized by an average thickness of ± 17 m, with a probable sealevel

fluctuations around 10 to 20 m. The geochemistry approach, including isotopic and major/trace and REE+Y data, allows to infer the nature of the dolomitization processes operating in each carbonate subgroup, i.e dolomitization may be attributed to evaporative reflux of groundwater or to mixing zones of freshwater lenses. The latest alteration processes occured during the uplift of the SMLL Basin. New ages, including LA-ICP-MS U-Pb laser ablation data on detrital zircon grains retrieved in the lower arenaceous-pelitic sequence (BI group), combined with carbon and strontium isotopic analyses, yielded a new depositional time frame of the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup between 1176 and 800 Ma reinforcing the formerly suggested correlation with the Roan Group in the Katanga Province.

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Sturtian-Marinoan interglacial period was previously related to pre-glacial carbonate-dominated shallow marine sedimentation of the Haut-Shiloango Subgroup with stromatolitic reefs at the transition between greenhouse (warm) and icehouse (cold) climate periods, commonly marked by worldwide glacigenic diamictites and cap carbonates. This thesis highlights that these deposists record as a deepening-upward evolution from storm-influenced facies in mid- and outer-ramps to deepwater environments, with emplacement of mass flow deposits in toe-of-slope settings controlled by synsedimentary faults. In absence of diagnostic glacial features, the marinoan Upper Diamictite Formation is interpreted as a continuous sediment gravity flow deposition along carbonate platform-margin slopes, which occurred along tectonically active continental margins locally influenced by altitude glaciers, developed after a rift–drift transition. The maximum depth of the deepening-upward facies is observed in the C2a member. The

shallowing-upward facies exibit a return of distally calcareous tempestites and semi-restricted to restricted peritidal carbonates associated with shallow lagoonal subtidal and intertidal zones submitted to detrital fluxes in the upper C2b to C3b members.

The geochemistry highlights (i) the existence of a δ13C-depth gradient of shallow-water and deep-water carbonates; (ii) the carbonate systems were deposited in oxic to suboxic conditions; and (iii) all samples have uniform flat non-marine shale-normalized REE+Y distributions reflecting

continental detrital inputs in nearshore environments, or that the nearshore sediments were

reworked from ’shallow’ inner to mid-ramp settings in deep-water slope and outer-ramp

environments, during the rift-drift transition in the basin. The pre-, syn- and post-glacial

carbonate systems could record a distally short-lived regional synrift freshwater-influenced

submarine fan derived from nearshore sediments, including gravity flow structures, which are

attributed to regional tectonic processes due to a sudden deepening of the basin caused by

differential tilting and uplifting of blocks, related to the 750-670 Ma oceanic spreading of the

central-southern Macaúbas Basin.

Combining sedimentology, isotopes and trace elemental geochemistry, the thesis highlights

that the δ13C variations in the Neoproterozoic carbonates are complex to interpret, and can be

related to: (i) the existence of a δ13C-depth gradient; (ii) the exchange between isotopically

light carbon in meteoric waters and carbonate during lithification and early diagenesis; and

(iii) isotopic perturbations due to regional metamorphism. Considering the possible englaciation of the Earth (Snowball Earth hypothesis), the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup and West

Congolian Group seem reflected the intimate relationship between glaciations and tectonic

activity during the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent, followed by the rift–drift

transition, and finally the pre-orogenic period on the passive continental margin.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Lisboa, Vinícius Anselmo Carvalho. "Petrologia e geocronologia do Maciço Glória Norte, faixa de dobramentos sergipana, NE do Brasil". Pós-Graduação em Geociências e Análise de Bacias, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5387.

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O Domínio Macururé, localizado na porção norte da Faixa de Dobramentos Sergipana, é caracterizado por apresentar um grande volume de granitos (s.l.) de idade Neoproterozóica. O Maciço Glória Norte (MGN), que ocorre na porção centronorte do Domínio Macururé, representa uma das mais importantes intrusões que se colocaram após o pico de deformação e metamorfismo no orógeno (630 Ma). Nesse estudo identificou-se a presença de duas fácies petrográficas nesse maciço: quartzomonzonítica porfirítica, quartzo-monzonítica, além de diques leucocráticos. Os enclaves de diversos tipos, são uma feição recorrente em toda a extensão do maciço, assim como texturas evidenciam a existência do processo de misturas entre magmas. Os estudos microscópicos permitiram a identificação de várias texturas de instabilidade, e uma sequência de cristalização marcada pelo aumento de fluídos ao longo da evolução do magma. Os dados geoquímicos revelam uma afinidade com as rochas da série shoshonítica e seus enclaves exibem afinidade ultrapotássica com conteúdos de MgO e K2O sempre maiores que 3%. Nos diagramas ETR percebeuse um enriquecimento de ETR leves em relação aos pesados, além de fortes anomalias negativas de Ta, Nb, Ti, P, Sr e Eu, principalmente nos enclaves. As temperaturas médias calculadas pelo geotermômetro de Zr revelam que o início da cristalização no MGN se deu entre 810°C e 784°C e teve seu fim entre 730°C e 700°C. A idade obtida através do método U/Pb SHRIMP (588 + 5,2 Ma) posiciona o magmatismo que deu origem ao MGN, no Período Ediacarano, marcando a ocorrência de um magmatismo a 588 Ma, que não foi afetado por eventos tectônicos.
The Domain Macururé located in the northern portion of Sergipano Fold Thrust Belt, is characterized by having a large volume of granites (s.l.) of Neoproterozoic age. The Gloria Norte Massif (GNM), which occurs in the north-central portion of the Domain Macururé, represents a major intrusion that arose after the peak of deformation and metamorphism in the orogen (+ 630 Ma). In this study we identified the presence of two petrographic facies in that massif: quartz-monzonitic porphyritic, quartz-monzonitic and leucocratic dykes. The enclaves, varied tipology, are a recurrent feature in the whole extent of the massif, as well as mixtures of texture of mixing and mingling. Microscopic studies allowed the identification of various textures of the mixing and a sequence of crystallization marked by increased fluids during the evolution of the magma. Geochemical data reveal an affinity with shoshonitic series rocks, and their enclaves exhibit ultrapotassic affinity, wich always show MgO and K2O contents greater than 3%. In the diagrams ETR perceives an enrichment of LREE relative to HREE, and strong negative anomalies of Ta, Nb, Ti, P, Sr, and Eu, mostly in enclaves. The average temperature calculated by Zr geothermometer showed that the onset of MGN crystallization occurred between 810°C and 784°C, and its end was between 730°C and 700°C. The ages obtained by U/Pb SHRIMP (588 + 5.2 Ma) positions the magmatism that gave rise to the MGN, in the Ediacaran and this age mark the occurrence of a magmatism (588 Ma), which was not significantly affected by tectonic events.

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Zang, Wenlong. "An analysis of late Proterozoic - early Cambrian microfossils and biostratigraphy in China and Australia". Phd thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140928.

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Baghiyan-Yazd, Mohammad Hassan. "Palaeoichnology of the terminal Proterozoic-Early Cambrian transition in central Australia : interregional correlation and palaeoecology / Mohammad Hassan Baghiyan-Yazd". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21668.

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Henderson, Miles Anthony. "A Morphological and Geochemical Investigation of Grypania spiralis: Implications for Early Earth Evolution". 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/715.

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Macroscopic “carbonaceous” fossils such as Grypania, Katnia, Chuaria, and Tawuia play a critical role in our understanding of biological evolution in the Precambrian and their environmental implications. Unfortunately, understanding of these fossils remains limited by their relative simplicity of form, mode of preservation, and broad taphonomic variability. As a result, debate continues as to even the fundamental taxonomic affinity of the organisms. Megascopic coiled forms (i.e. Grypania and Katnia), for instance, have been interpreted as trace fossils, multicellular algae, prokaryotic filaments, macroscopic bacteria, cyanobacteria, or a transitional form from macroscopic to megascopic bacterial life. Similarly, Chuaria and Tawuia have been interpreted as compressed prokaryotic colonies, algae or algal reproductive stages, and multicellular plant material. Accessibility of new material and increasingly sophisticated means of analysis warrant a new look at these ancient fossils. Understanding the biological affinity of Grypania, in particular, is critical because current opinion is split as to whether these megascopic structures are more likely represent either multicellular bacteria or multicellular algae. Confirmation of either a bacterial or algal affinity would strongly influence fundamental understanding of biospheric evolution, particularly in terms of ocean oxygenation and the availability of bioessential trace metals. Although estimates for the degree of oxygenation required for a Grypania-like multicellular algae are only about 10 % present atmospheric levels (PAL), this estimate is still substantially higher than estimates based on geochemical data suggesting that oxygen levels may not have reached 10% PAL until the latter Neoproterozoic. It has been hypothesized that protracted oxygen of the Proterozoic biosphere may have played a critical role in the availability of redox-sensitive nutrients necessary for bacterial nitrogen fixation and the limiting of eukaryotic evolution. Within this context, our understanding of the taxonomic affinity of Grypania may profoundly affect our understanding of Earth’s biospheric evolution. This thesis provides morphological and geochemical analyses of Grypania spiralis from more than 100 newly collected specimens from the Belt Supergroup for comparison to previously collected specimens from all other known Grypania-bearing localities. Data is used to explore questions regarding the morphology, structural complexity, mode of preservation, and chemistry of fossil material, and to hypothesize on the taxonomic affinity of Grypania spiralis and its implications for biospheric evolution.

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Wade, Benjamin P. "Unravelling the tectonic framework of the Musgrave Province, Central Australia". 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/57768.

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The importance of the Musgrave Province in continental reconstructions of Proterozoic Australia is only beginning to be appreciated. The Mesoproterozoic Musgrave Province sits in a geographically central location within Australia and is bounded by older and more isotopically evolved regions including the Gawler Craton of South Australia and Arunta Region of the Northern Territory. Understanding the crustal growth and deformation mechanisms involved in the formation of the Musgrave Province, and also the nature of the basement that separates these tectonic elements, allows for greater insight into defining the timing and processes responsible for the amalgamation of Proterozoic Australia. The ca. 1.60-1.54 Ga Musgravian Gneiss preserves geochemical and isotopic signatures related to ongoing arc-magmatism in an active margin between the North Australian and South Australian Cratons (NAC and SAC). Characteristic geochemical patterns of the Musgravian Gneiss include negative anomalies in Nb, Ti, and Y, and are accompanied by steep LREE patterns. Also characteristic of the Musgravian Gneiss is its juvenile Nd isotopic composition (ɛNd1.55 values from -1.2 to +0.9). The juvenile isotopic signature of the Musgravian Gneiss separates it from the bounding comparitively isotopically evolved terranes of the Arunta Region and Gawler Craton. The geochemical and isotopic signatures of these early Mesoproterozoic felsic rocks have similarities with island arc systems involving residual Ti-bearing minerals and garnet. Circa 1.40 Ga metasedimentary rocks of the eastern Musgrave Province also record vital evidence for determining Australia.s location and fit within a global plate reconstruction context during the late Mesoproterozoic. U-Pb detrital zircon and Sm-Nd isotopic data from these metasedimentary rocks suggests a component of derivation from sources outside of the presently exposed Australian crust. Best fit matches come from rocks originating from eastern Laurentia. Detrital zircon ages range from Palaeoproterozoic to late Mesoproterozoic, constraining the maximum depositional age of the metasediments to approximately 1.40 Ga, similar to that of the Belt Supergroup in western Laurentia. The 1.49-1.36 Ga detrital zircons in the Musgrave metasediments are interpreted to have been derived from the voluminous A-type suites of Laurentia, as this time period represents a “magmatic gap” in Australia, with an extreme paucity of sources this age recognized. The metasedimentary rocks exhibit a range of Nd isotopic signatures, with ɛNd(1.4 Ga) values ranging from -5.1 to 0.9, inconsistent with complete derivation from Australian sources, which are more isotopically evolved. The isotopically juvenile ca. 1.60-1.54 Ga Musgravian Gneiss is also an excellent candidate for the source of the abundant ca. 1.6-1.54 Ga detrital zircons within the lower sequences of the Belt Supergroup. If these interpretations are correct, they support a palaeogeographic reconstruction involving proximity of Australia and Laurentia during the pre-Rodinia Mesoproterozoic. This also increases the prospectivity of the eastern Musgrave Province to host a metamorphised equivalent of the massive Pb-Zn-Ag Sullivan deposit. The geochemical and isotopic signatures recorded in mafic-ultramafic rocks can divulge important information regarding the state of the sub continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). The voluminous cumulate mafic-ultramafic rocks of the ca. 1.08 Ga Giles Complex record geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic compositions consistent with an enriched parental magma. Traverses across three layered intrusions, the Kalka, Ewarara, and Gosse Pile were geochemically and isotopically analysed. Whole rock samples display variably depleted to enriched LREE patterns when normalised to chondrite ((La/Sm)N = 0.43-4.72). Clinopyroxene separates display similar depleted to enriched LREE patterns ((La/Sm)N = 0.37-7.33) relative to a chondritic source. The cumulate rocks display isotopically evolved signatures (ɛNd ~-1.0 to .5.0 and ɛSr ~19.0 to 85.0). Using simple bulk mixing and AFC equations, the Nd-Sr data of the more radiogenic samples can be modelled by addition of ~10% average Musgrave crust to a primitive picritic source, without need for an enriched mantle signature. Shallow decompressional melting of an asthenospheric plume source beneath thinned Musgravian lithosphere is envisaged as a source for the parental picritic magma. A model involving early crustal contamination within feeder zones is favoured, and consequently explorers looking for Ni-Cu-Co sulphides should concentrate on locating these feeder zones. Few absolute age constraints exist for the timing of the intracratonic Petermann Orogeny of the Musgrave Province. The Petermann Orogeny is responsible for much of the lithospheric architecture we see today within the Musgrave Province, uplifting and exhuming large parts along crustal scale E-W trending fault/shear systems. Isotopic and geochemical analysis of a suite of stratigraphic units within the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Officer Basin to the immediate south indicate the development of a foreland architecture at ca. 600 Ma. An excursion in ɛNd values towards increasingly less negative values at this time is interpreted as representing a large influx of Musgrave derived sediments. Understanding the nature of the basement separating the SAC from the NAC and WAC is vital in constructing models of the amalgamation of Proterozoic Australia. This region is poorly understood as it is overlain by the thick sedimentary cover of the Officer Basin. However, the Coompana Block is one place where basement is shallow enough to be intersected in drillcore. The previously geochronologically, geochemically, and isotopically uncharacterised granitic gneiss of the Coompana Block represents an important period of within-plate magmatism during a time of relative magmatic quiescence in the Australian Proterozoic. U-Pb LA-ICPMS dating of magmatic zircons provides an age of ca. 1.50 Ga, interpreted as the crystallisation age of the granite protolith. The samples have distinctive A-type chemistry characterised by high contents of Zr, Nb, Y, Ga, LREE with low Mg#, Sr, CaO and HREE. ɛNd values are high with respect to surrounding exposed crust of the Musgrave Province and Gawler Craton, and range from +1.2 to +3.3 at 1.5 Ga. The tectonic environment into which the granite was emplaced is also unclear, however one possibility is emplacement within an extensional environment represented by interlayered basalts and arenaceous sediments of the Coompana Block. Regardless, the granitic gneiss intersected in Mallabie 1 represents magmatic activity during the “Australian magmatic gap” of ca. 1.52-1.35 Ga, and is a possible source for detrital ca. 1.50 zircons found within sedimentary rocks of Tasmania and Antarctica, and metasedimentary rocks of the eastern Musgrave Province.
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Thesis(PhD)-- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006

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Livros sobre o assunto "Paleontology Proterozoic"

1941-, Schopf J. William, e Klein Cornelis 1937-, eds. The Proterozoic biosphere: A multidisciplinary study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Hofmann, H. J. Shale-facies microfossils from the proterozoic Bylot supergroup, Baffin Island, Canada. [Tulsa, OK]: Paleontological Society, 1994.

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Zang, Wen Long. Late Proterozoic and Cambrian microfossils and biostratigraphy, Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Brisbane: Association of the Australasian Palaeontologists, 1992.

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Hofmann, H. J. Shale-facies microfossils from the proterozoic Bylot supergroup, Baffin Island, Canada. [Tulsa, OK]: Paleontological Society, 1994.

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Allison, Carol Wagner. Paleontology of late Proterozoic and early Cambrian rocks of east-central Alaska. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Allison, Carol Wagner. Paleontology of late Proterozoic and early Cambrian rocks of east-central Alaska. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Fedonkin, M. A. Middle Proterozoic (1.5 Ga) Horodyskia moniliformis Yochelson and Fedonkin, the oldest known tissue-grade colonial eucaryote. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002.

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Fedonkin, M. A. Middle Proterozoic (1.5 Ga) Horodyskia moniliformis Yochelson and Fedonkin, the oldest known tissue-grade colonial eucaryote. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002.

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Fedonkin, M. A. Middle Proterozoic (1.5 Ga) Horodyskia moniliformis Yochelson and Fedonkin, the oldest known tissue-grade colonial eucaryote. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002.

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Muhling, P. C. Geology of the Bangemall group: The evolution of an intracratonic Proterozoic basin. [Perth]: Dept. of Mines, Western Australia, 1985.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Paleontology Proterozoic"

Horodyski, Robert J. "Paleontology of the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup". In Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, Western Montana: Great Falls, Montana to Spokane, Washington, July 20–28, 1989, 7–26. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft334p0007.

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Signor, Philip W., e Jeffrey F. Mount. "Paleontology of the Lower Cambrian Waucoban Series in eastern California and western Nevada". In Late Proterozoic and Cambrian Tectonics, Sedimentation, and Record of Metazoan Radiation in the Western United States: Pocatello, Idaho, to Reno, Nevada 20–29 July, 1989, 47–53. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft331p0047.

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Runnegar, Bruce N., David J. Chapman e Walter M. Fitch. "Molecular Phylogenetics, Molecular Paleontology, and the Proterozoic Fossil Record". In The Proterozoic Biosphere, 463–86. Cambridge University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511601064.011.

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Rowland, Stephen M. "Geology of Frenchman Mountain and Rainbow Gardens, southern Nevada, USA". In Field Excursions from Las Vegas, Nevada: Guides to the 2022 GSA Cordilleran and Rocky Mountain Joint Section Meeting, 23–43. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.0063(02).

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ABSTRACT This field guide synthesizes more than a half century of research by many geologists and paleontologists on Frenchman Mountain and Rainbow Gardens, southern Nevada, USA. The field-trip consists of seven stops to be visited in one day. The guide was written not only for field-trip participants on the occasion of the 2022 Cordilleran/Rocky Mountain Geological Society of America Joint Section Meeting in Las Vegas, but also with future users in mind. The Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block of crust exposes an extraordinary sample of Earth history. The geologic features include (1) Proterozoic crystalline rocks, (2) the Great Unconformity, (2) a Paleozoic interval that is essentially a tilted section of the western Grand Canyon, (3) a Mesozoic interval that preserves strata that were eroded off the southern Colorado Plateau during the Miocene “Great Denudation” episode, and (4) a Cenozoic section that records a wealth of paleoclimatic, paleontological, and tectonic data. Among the many stories that are recorded in the rocks of the Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block, I have chosen three to emphasize in this field guide: (1) the history recorded in the Proterozoic Vishnu Basement Complex and the Great Unconformity; (2) the stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleontology, and geochronology of the Cambrian Tonto Group [with a focus on (a) trilobite biostratigraphy in the Bright Angel Formation, (b) the significance of the abundance of glauconite in the Tonto Group, and (c) the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone]; and (3) the tectonic story recorded in the Thumb Member of the Horse Spring Formation. The basement rocks record events and processes associated with the assembly of supercontinents Nuna and Rodinia. The Great Unconformity records the breakup of Rodinia and the associated denudation interval that played a role in triggering the Cambrian explosion. The Tonto Group, which was recently expanded to include the Frenchman Mountain Dolostone, records the Sauk Transgression. And the Thumb Member of the Horse Spring Formation contains rock avalanche deposits that have played a key role in sorting out the tectonic history of the southern Nevada region and the translational history of the Frenchman Mountain/Rainbow Gardens block.

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