Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Outils opérationnels"
Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos
Veja os 28 melhores trabalhos (teses / dissertações) para estudos sobre o assunto "Outils opérationnels".
Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.
Veja as teses / dissertações das mais diversas áreas científicas e compile uma bibliografia correta.
Bistorin, Olivier. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels des systèmes de formation". Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288748.
Texto completo da fonteAprès avoir présenté un bilan des systèmes de formation en définissant leur périmètre puis leur fonctionnement et résultats, nous précisons alors les facteurs qui nous ont conduits à nous préoccuper des processus opérationnels des systèmes de formation.
Dans un deuxième chapitre, nous précisons la démarche que nous avons choisi d'adopter et déclinons ainsi l'ensemble de notre méthode, associée à des outils spécifiques, qui vise à l'aide à la conception et la mise en œuvre des formations. Nous nous éloignons de la logique de l'offre pour migrer vers une logique de la demande. Nous proposons une identification contraintes subies par un système de formation (ressources à capacité finie, cohérence pédagogique, indisponibilité de ressources, compétences et aptitudes des ressources, etc.)
Dans une troisième partie, nous illustrons notre propos en appliquant les méthodes et outils développés à un cas pratique.
Enfin, nous concluons sur l'apport scientifique constitué par ces travaux et ouvrons la voie vers de nombreuses perspectives, le domaine de l'ingénierie de la formation étant encore à ses balbutiements.
Bistorin, Olivier. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels d'un système de formation". Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ036S/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe accession with the education of a number increasingly larger indivlduals resulted in regarding the performance of the systems of formation as a true factor of economic development. It is in ths context that our work of thesis is registered which aimed to the development of methods and tools for the assistance with the design of the operational part of an education system and in particular al the transformation s y s t v leading to the increase of students competences. After having presented an assessment of the education systems by defining their perimeter, their operation and results, we specify the factors whch led us to worry us about operational processes of the education systems. In a second chapter, we specifi the steps whch we chose to adopt and we decline the whole of our method, associated to specific tools, which aims to the assistance to the design and the setting of formations. We move away from the logic of supply to migrate towards logic of demand. We propose an identification of constraints in education systems (resources with limited capaciîy, teachmg coherence, unavailability of resources, competences and aptitudes of the resources, etc.) In a third part, we illustrate our concept by applying methods and tools developed with a practical case. Lastly, we conclude on the scientific contribution made up by t h work and open the way towards rnany prospects, the field of the engineering of the formation being still to its beginnings
Bistorin, Olivier. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels d'un système de formation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ036S.
Texto completo da fonteThe accession with the education of a number increasingly larger indivlduals resulted in regarding the performance of the systems of formation as a true factor of economic development. It is in ths context that our work of thesis is registered which aimed to the development of methods and tools for the assistance with the design of the operational part of an education system and in particular al the transformation s y s t v leading to the increase of students competences. After having presented an assessment of the education systems by defining their perimeter, their operation and results, we specify the factors whch led us to worry us about operational processes of the education systems. In a second chapter, we specifi the steps whch we chose to adopt and we decline the whole of our method, associated to specific tools, which aims to the assistance to the design and the setting of formations. We move away from the logic of supply to migrate towards logic of demand. We propose an identification of constraints in education systems (resources with limited capaciîy, teachmg coherence, unavailability of resources, competences and aptitudes of the resources, etc.) In a third part, we illustrate our concept by applying methods and tools developed with a practical case. Lastly, we conclude on the scientific contribution made up by t h work and open the way towards rnany prospects, the field of the engineering of the formation being still to its beginnings
Méchin, Agnès. "Dimensionner les mesures de compensation écologique : des outils opérationnels pour une meilleure appropriation par les acteurs de l’aménagement du territoire". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30006.
Texto completo da fonteIn the global context of alarming biodiversity loss, French regulations require developers to avoid, reduce and finally offset (ARO sequence) the ecological impacts caused by their projects with the aim of no net loss of biodiversity (NNL). Different authors, in dedicate scientific literature, conclude on the weakness in mitigation hierarchy implementation. One of the reasons is the lack of methods shared by all stakeholders (applicants/developers, environmental consultants, public regulators) to assess the ecological equivalence and the achievement of the No Net Loss goal. This is linked, in particular, to the scientific and technical complexity of the subject, as shown by scientific publications. Proposing methods for assessing the attainment of NNL is an important issue for ARO practitioners and for researchersSeveral teams of researchers are working in France to propose offsetting methods, with a stated objective of practicality, meaning to offer a tool "which is ready to start operating, to provide the desired optimal result, to carry out an operation perfectly” (Larousse dictionary). However, the research work focused on these methods show that the operational dimension isn’t really considered, in favor of the technical dimension (choice of ecological indicators, calculation formulas). We formulate the following hypothesis: (1) operational issues are not taken into account during the design phase of methods, (2) thus the methods developed are not operational, (3) this can constitute a weakness to enhance their application by ARO sequence’s stakeholders (applicants/developers, environmental consultants, public regulators), and (4) it’s possible to act on the method design in the aim to a better practicality.Our problematic of research is: how to design operational methods to assess and sizing ecological equivalence, under no net loss of biodiversity policy, with a view that the stakeholders (developers, environmental consultants, public regulators) are able to use these methods more effectively. In this aim, we will use concepts and methods from Ergonomics research. This discipline studies the interactions between humans and other components of a system.We analyze the practices of the ARO practitioners. We propose a definition of an operational tool accompanied by several criterion, as well as guidelines for an operational design process inspired by user-centered design theory.We analyze how designing process of seven French methods deals with practicality. Then, after a test with one of the studied methods, we suggest improvements.Our approach opens up perspectives to better understanding the challenges of the science-policy interface, in the field of environmental planning, and proposing a better consideration of practicality in applied research projects to enhance ARO sequence application, in the aim of a NNL policy
Kamega, Aymric. "Outils théoriques et opérationnels adaptés au contexte de l'assurance vie en Afrique subsaharienne francophone - Analyse et mesure des risques liés à la mortalité". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654549.
Texto completo da fonteDatin, Rachel. "Outils opérationnels pour la prévision des crues rapides : traitement des incertitudes et intégration des prévisions météorologiques : développements de Topmodel pour la prise en compte de la variabilité spatiale de la pluie : application au bassin versant de l'Ardèche". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0103.
Texto completo da fonteEntine, Fabrice. "Conception d’un outil numérique opérationnel de reconstitution dosimétrique". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP051.
Texto completo da fonteIn the event of a radiological accident involving one or more victims and potential high doses, it is essential to know the dose distribution within the body, in order to sort the victims according to the severity of the irradiation, and then to take them to the most suitable medical facilities. However, there are currently very few techniques that can be rapidly deployed on field and capable of characterizing an irradiation. Therefore, a numerical simulation tool has been designed in order to reinforce the current diagnostic arsenal. Called SEED (Simulation of External Exposures & Dosimetry), this tool is integrated into a militarized and hardened device. It is a stand-alone tool in terms of both power supply and simulations thanks to a powerful multi-core calculator. The user can navigate in three dimensions in the accident scene thanks to a graphical user interface including a “first person” camera. It allows a rapid modelling of the scene, and a visual exchange with the victims and witnesses of the event. SEED uses the Geant4-based GATE Monte-Carlo platform to simulate the interaction between radiation and matter. Once the calculation is completed, the raw results are directly displayed in the 3D graphical user interface as layers: doses, energies, uncertainties, etc. To validate the performance of the SEED tool, two dosimetric protocols were followed. The first protocol consisted in comparing the dose value provided by SEED to that given by MCNPX Monte-Carlo code (reference calculation code usually used at IRSN in the context of accidental exposures) for identical geometric configurations, with the same number of simulated particles. The second protocol aimed at physically reconstructing an external exposure that mimics the conditions of a real accident. The irradiation of a physical dummy equipped with thermoluminescent dosemeters was experimentally performed. Then theses doses were compared with the doses calculated by SEED. These two validation protocols have shown satisfactory results. They confirm that this new tool is able to provide useful information to medical teams in case of a major external radiological exposure event
Cantieni, Eric. "Développement d'un outil pour la synthèse hiérarchique de systèmes analogiques". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0014.
Texto completo da fonteGennaro, Matthieu de. "Modélisation de la propagation des grands incendies de forêts et élaboration d'un outil opérationnel d'aide à la lutte tactique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0148/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis work is focused on the development of a wildfire spread model and its integration into a decision-making tool for planning firefighting operations. The fire spread model is based on a network model to represent vegetation distribution on land and considers the main heat transfer mechanisms from burning to unburnt vegetation items (i.e. radiation from the flaming zone and embers, surface convection and wind-driven convection through the fuel bed, and radiative cooling from the heated fuel element to the environment). The effects of local conditions of wind, topography, and vegetation are included. To address the challenge of real-time fire spread simulations, the model is also extended in two ways. First, the Monte Carlo method is used in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to create a database of radiation view factors from the flame to the fuel surface for a wide variety of flame properties and environment conditions. Second, the front-tracking method is introduced in order to reduce the amount of data to store and handle during propagation. The fire spread model is validated against data from different fire scenarios, showing it is capable of capturing the trends observed in experiments in terms of rate of spread, and area and shape of the burn, with reduced computational resources. It is then extended to evaluate fire risk at the wildland fire interface. In the frame of the TechForFire project coordinated by the NOVELTIS company, the new version of the fire spread model is coupled with the other modules of the operational chain. Finally, data from the fire of Velaux in 2015 are used to evaluate the TechForFire solution
Lamy, Damien. "Méthodes et outils pour l'ordonnancement d'ateliers avec prise en compte des contraintes additionnelles : énergétiques et environnementales". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC053/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral work addresses three themes: (i) the scheduling of multi-path production systems and more specifically the Job-shop subjected to a power threshold; (ii) the resolution of a scheduling and assignment problem in the context of a flexible production system modelled as a Flexible Job-shop; (iii) the coupling methods between simulation and optimisation in the context of Job-shop problems with uncertainty. Different resolution approaches are applied for each problem: a mathematical formalisation is proposed as well as several metaheuristics (GRASP×ELS, VNS, MA, hybrid NSGA-II and iterated GRASP×ELS) for the Job-shop with power requirements. An extension of the GRASP×ELS, denoted GRASP-mELS, is then proposed to solve a Flexible Job-shop problem; different neighbourhood systems used during the diversification and intensification phases of solutions are also presented. The results show that the performances of the GRASP-mELS are comparable to the methods presented in the literature both in terms of quality of solutions and computation time. The last topic concerns the coupling methods between optimisation and simulation with two problems: 1) a Stochastic Job-shop and 2) a Reactive Flexible Job-shop. The resolution methods are based on metaheuristics and the SIMAN simulation language integrated in the ARENA environment. The results show that both approaches allow to better take into account the random aspects related to the reality of production systems
Burzawa, Audrey. "Diagnostic multi-échelle de la plateforme ferroviaire par ondes mécaniques guidées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS483.
Texto completo da fonteCharacterizing the mechanical properties of railway trackbeds (RT) is essential to ensure the safety and durability of the rail network. Currently, the geotechnical investigation methods used provide access to the mechanical parameters of the RT and the shallow railway earthwork (RE), but they only offer a scattered overview of the state of the medium being investigated, and are therefore limited by their ad hoc nature and low efficiency. Geophysical methods capable of conducting a mechanical diagnosis of the RT are, as of now, poorly adapted to the railway context. However, recent developments and applications of the seismic surface-wave method to geotechnical problems and the railway context make it a promising non-destructive investigation technique. A proof of concept was thus conducted at a pilot site, demonstrating the feasibility and reproducibility of the surface-wave method for characterizing RE. The method proved capable of detecting variations in mechanical properties associated with RT issues. The Bayesian formulation of the inversion allowed for the assessment and quantification of uncertainties in the proposed results, thereby offering a valuable decision-making tool. The acquisition and processing stages were addressed in order to propose more efficient tools. Faster implementation techniques that reduce the time-consuming step of installing geophones in the ground were evaluated. The comparison of a towed setup, such as a landstreamer, with a conventional setup was used to validate its application in a railway context, both on the cess and the track. A tool based on artificial intelligence algorithms, specifically image segmentation algorithms, was developed to automate the task of surface-wave dispersion picking. The database used for training was created from wavefield modeling in a soil model characteristic of RT. The developed U-Net architecture enables precise identification of energy maxima and assignment of propagation modes. Lastly, to enhance the complementarity between geophysical and geotechnical methods when constructing and interpreting a priori, correlation tests between shear-wave velocity and cone resistance were conducted. The evaluation of laws from the literature facilitated the link between the seismic surface-wave method and conventional RE characterization tools
Maamar, Asia. "Identification modale opérationnelle des robots d'usinage en service". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC013/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe identification of the modal parameters of machining robots in service has a significant adverse influence on machining stability, which will, therefore, decrease the quality of the workpiece and reduce the tool life. However, in presence of strong harmonic excitation, the application of Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is not straightforward. Firstly, the issue of choosing the most appropiate OMA method for an application in presence of harmonic components, is handled. For a comparison purpose, the modified Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) method, the Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) method, the PolyMAX method and the Transmissibility Function Based (TFB) method are investigated. The obtained results lead to the adoption of the Transmissibility Function Based (TFB) method for an OMA of machining robots. For an accurate modal identification procedure, the OMA of a machine tool is, initially, conducted. It is a preparation step in order to verify the performance of the chosen method under machining conditions as well as a machine tool is a rigid structure, thus, it has less variation in its dynamic behavior compared to a machining robot. Results demonstrate the efficiency of the TFB method to identify the machine tool modal parameters even in the presence of preponderant harmonic components. Finally, the OMA of the machining robot ABB IRB 6660, which has a flexible structure compared to a machine tool, is carried out for a machining trajectory. The obtained results allow the identification of a modal basis of the machining robot illustrating the evolution of its modal behavior, in service. The main novelty of this thesis lies in the development of a robust procedure for an operational modal identification of machining robots, in service, which makes it possible to continuously follow the variations in the modal parameters of machining robots
Bidaux, Jean-Marc. "Le répertoire opérationnel des métiers et des emplois (Rome) entre régulation et convention : une analyse critique d'un outil de la politique de l'emploi". Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/jmbidaux.
Texto completo da fonteSince the beginning of the seventies, the Work Office of France used his Employment and Crafts Repertory (ROME) to classify supply and demand of Work and to bring supply nearer to demand. From the outset of the nineties, this Repertory undergoes a complete change. Because the Theory of Regulation better combines the works contracts, the State policy of employment and the historical view, this Theory seems to be the better theoretical framework to study this change. With the contribution of the Conventionalist Economy, this framework conducts to show one double movement between ancient Repertory and new Repertory : one side from skill to competence, other side frome group" logical to "aggregate" logical into the the list (nomenclature) ROME. So it seems to be one considerable change of the professional mobilities codification. It could be say, characterize, like crossing from a career codification to flexibility codification, with central influence of State
Miquelino, Fernando Luis de Castro. "Application de l'intelligence compétitive (IC) par superposition de plans opérationnels et informationnels, à l'aide de la communication marketing comme outil stratégique : application au marché des télécommunications". Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30012.
Texto completo da fonteBy the superposition of informational plans and of the operational plans that we propose, the administrative units of the organization, in charge of the control of the processes for each operational plan, implement their actions of competitive intelligence in businesses, in an articulated way, using the "framework" developed for the development of platforms of communication. This makes it possible to obtain at the same time simplified results, targeted on the needs for each operational plan and a differentiation effective by complementary, intentional and systematic innovations, since these actions are of the responsibility of the people directly concerned and aim at a positioning, exclusive and durable. The whole of the bases of this system is directly linked to the competence of the CEO of the company
De, guillebon Marie. "Vers une pratique du réemploi en architecture : expérimentations, outils, approches". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH014.
Texto completo da fonteThe world of construction is nowadays confronted with the requirements and challenges of the socio-ecological transition. The discipline of architecture is evolving in order to move towards a more eco-responsible architecture from a technical, cultural, economic and legal point of view.Reuse, less developed than recycling, is a practice that is emancipating itself at high speed and struggling to fit into the standardized production system attributed by the current industrial and socio-technical system.The PHD is part of the theoretical framework of the socio-ecological transition, which proposes a broader vision of the paradigm changes to be made by integrating, beyond the technical side (energy), all social actions and so-called ecological behaviours. In this sense, we situate our research within the theoretical framework proposed by Sylvain Lavelle , who opts for "a fairer transition" . He defends a polymorphic transition based on a change of oïkos, tekhnè, ethos and muthos, thus going beyond the energy question alone and integrating principles of social justice, relationship to the environment, ethics and new socio-cultural narratives. We read, trought this thought, an action program that can be transposed to the practice of reuse and more generally to the architectural discipline.This thesis work questions the potential of this practice to induce other approaches and project tools to move towards a truly eco-responsible architecture. We propose the definition of oïko-responsible to support the need for a change of perspective on this term, and to give a reading of the programme of actions it implies. Although philosophical, these definitions have served as a framework for reading and analysing experimental practices and tools for a dual corpus of operational (eight actors) and pedagogical (one module) practices; they have also enabled us to explore the basis for commitment and meaning of this practice. The challenges of this research work consist in taking stock of this emerging practice and looking at how it guides the triple practice of architecture (pedagogy, research, operational).It will then be necessary to verify the hypothesis that reuse can induce an oïkos-responsible architecture by mobilizing the triple activity of operational practice, pedagogy and research. To this end, we propose a first step demonstrating how practitioners work towards its professionalization by reintegrating experimental dynamics into the project process. Secondly, they demonstrate their ability to redefine or create tools for reuse that can respond to this eco-responsible change. These two phases draw a portrait of actors who ultimately request this practice of reuse as a tool to reinterview the ethics of architectural practices
Viennet, Rémy. "Un nouvel outil de planification expérimentale pour l'optimisation multicritère de procédés". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/INPL_T_1997_VIENNET_R.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGuirkinger, Norbert. "Prospective à 10 ans du média télécopie : contribution à la formalisation d'un outil opérationnel d'investigation des formes de l'avenir : l'Abaque de Régnier utilisé dans une configuration prospective". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10271.
Texto completo da fonteBlanchart, Anne. "Vers une prise en compte des potentialités des sols dans la planification territoriale et l’urbanisme opérationnel". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0203/document.
Texto completo da fonteUrban areas, in addition to global environmental issues, concentrate major local environmental concerns such as air quality, urban heat island and flood mitigation. To tackle those issues, every land surface should be considered as a potential supplier of ecosystem services. However, the urban soils contribution remains poorly assessed up to now. As a result, there is a strong lack of consideration by urban planning of the services that urban soils could provide. So, the main goal of this PhD is to propose a methodology that facilitates an advanced integration of urban soils potentials in urban planning. A national survey and some individual interviews with actors of urban planning were conducted. These actors have progressively developed a systemic consideration of urban soils, and do not yet consider them only as land surfaces. Then, soil sampling campaigns were carried out on 10 urban projects, located in three urban areas with contrasted pedoclimatic contexts (Métropole du Grand Nancy, Métropole Aix-Marseille Provence, Nantes Métropole). The description of the pedological pits and the physico-chemical characterization of soil samples led us to conduct a comparative study of their quality. It appears that 49% of the studied soils were not highly anthropized soils (e.g. Anthrosols, Technosols) and presented bio-physico-chemical properties which were similar to surrounding agricultural soils. The results also showed that the highly anthropized soils presented a high variation of their properties. The results of the physico-chemical characterization had been feed into a decision support tool. This DSS could evaluate the capacity of an urban soil to provide some fonctions and ecosystem services. It appears that the highly anthropized soils were able to provide levels of ecosystem services that were equivalent to, or even higher, than those provided by agricultural soils. In result, it has been demonstrated that urban soils could provide some ecosystem services in order to answer to environmental, social and economic challenges. So, the consideration of the potential of soils in an urban project could contribute to improve sustainability of cities, by optimizing the uses of urban soils and preserving the most multifunctional
Blanchart, Anne. "Vers une prise en compte des potentialités des sols dans la planification territoriale et l’urbanisme opérationnel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0203.
Texto completo da fonteUrban areas, in addition to global environmental issues, concentrate major local environmental concerns such as air quality, urban heat island and flood mitigation. To tackle those issues, every land surface should be considered as a potential supplier of ecosystem services. However, the urban soils contribution remains poorly assessed up to now. As a result, there is a strong lack of consideration by urban planning of the services that urban soils could provide. So, the main goal of this PhD is to propose a methodology that facilitates an advanced integration of urban soils potentials in urban planning. A national survey and some individual interviews with actors of urban planning were conducted. These actors have progressively developed a systemic consideration of urban soils, and do not yet consider them only as land surfaces. Then, soil sampling campaigns were carried out on 10 urban projects, located in three urban areas with contrasted pedoclimatic contexts (Métropole du Grand Nancy, Métropole Aix-Marseille Provence, Nantes Métropole). The description of the pedological pits and the physico-chemical characterization of soil samples led us to conduct a comparative study of their quality. It appears that 49% of the studied soils were not highly anthropized soils (e.g. Anthrosols, Technosols) and presented bio-physico-chemical properties which were similar to surrounding agricultural soils. The results also showed that the highly anthropized soils presented a high variation of their properties. The results of the physico-chemical characterization had been feed into a decision support tool. This DSS could evaluate the capacity of an urban soil to provide some fonctions and ecosystem services. It appears that the highly anthropized soils were able to provide levels of ecosystem services that were equivalent to, or even higher, than those provided by agricultural soils. In result, it has been demonstrated that urban soils could provide some ecosystem services in order to answer to environmental, social and economic challenges. So, the consideration of the potential of soils in an urban project could contribute to improve sustainability of cities, by optimizing the uses of urban soils and preserving the most multifunctional
Giraud, Xavier. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception optimale des réseaux de distribution d'électricité dans les aéronefs". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955887.
Texto completo da fonteCarneiro, de Andrade Filho José. "L'optimisation de la logistique inversée des déchets urbains passe impérativement par l’utilisation d’un outil mathématique dans une démarche de partenariat public-privé". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2022.
Texto completo da fonteThe research is developed in connection with the evolution in quality and efficiency of reverse logistics of urban solid waste. Therefore, after observing how reverse logistics is currently being executed in two Brazilian cities (Fortaleza, State of Ceará and Osasco, State of São Paulo), quantitative and qualitative management optimization procedures are suggested. In other words, such optimization procedures suggest that traditional management models currently used in public administration can enhance performance and efficiency if appropriate mathematical, computational and managerial tools are used.A mathematical model was formulated capable to accomplish an optimized quantitative analysis for the location of facilities within the ambit of reverse logistics and, then, it was indicated which is the best type of public management so that the proposed model is used with high performance and efficiency. To optimize solutions in the context of urban solid waste management, linear programming techniques are used.A computer program developed for this research was used to perform the simulations. The efficiency and versatility of the computer program were evaluated through the analysis of several examples for determining the optimized location of facilities in Fortaleza and in Osasco.Operational research is the basis for the construction of the mathematical model while the public-private partnership management model is the indication of the type of appropriate management so that the aforementioned mathematical and computational tool may present optimized solutions in the proposed reverse logistics urban solid waste management model
Damart, Sébastien. "Une étude de la contribution des outils d'aide à la décision aux démarches de concertation : Le cas des décisions publiques de transport". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421927.
Texto completo da fonteDe ce fait, les législateurs ont tenté, depuis plusieurs décennies en France, de préciser un contenu et des modalités de mise en œuvre d'une démarche de concertation. Néanmoins, de nombreux auteurs concluent de toute façon à un décalage persistant et croissant entre ce que préconisent les textes de loi et ce qu'est la pratique de la décision publique en matière d'environnement ou de questions liées aux transports. Les réflexions de ces auteurs les conduisent à relever également une évidente inadéquation à des démarches participatives, des outils actuellement mobilisés dans les processus de décision. Dans des contextes participatifs, il faut donc d'une part imaginer d'autres outils capables de supporter différents points de vue et différentes rationalités et d'autre part parvenir à en évaluer l'intérêt dans ce type de contexte. Notre thèse s'inscrit dans cette perspective.
L'objet de la thèse est en effet, d'identifier, dans le cadre des décisions publiques, la nature et la forme des outils d'aide à la décision qui peuvent instrumenter et rendre possible des démarches de concertation. De fait, le travail conduit à préciser ainsi la nature des liens et de la contribution des outils d'aide à la décision aux démarches de concertation.
Pour cela, nous construisons une grille de lecture des démarches de concertation fondée sur les concepts d'intégration et d'identification qui nous permet, dans une perspective d'abduction d'inférer des facteurs contextuels dont dépend la pertinence d'outils d'aide à la décision par rapport à une démarche de concertation.
Brulard, Nicolas. "Outils d'aide à la conception de systèmes de production maraîchers urbains optimisés pour la vente en circuits courts et de proximité". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI002.
Texto completo da fonteTo support the urban farm emergence trend in large metropolises, we propose decision support tools based on mathematical programs to design market gardening farms targetting the demands of different categories of clients in local fresh fruits and vegetables. Technical solutions develop rapdily, but the strong constraints linked to urban farming, such as limited surface and high operating costs, make difficult to define viable and sustainable business models for urban market gardeners. Three mixed integer linear programming models are presented: An annual strategic sizing model, a client combination selection model and a plurennial strategic sizing model for diversified fruit and vegetable farms. Numerical results and model performances are presented, based on multi-products, multi-techniques and multi-periods real cases. Our main contributions are the consideration of the perishable nature of fruits and vegetables in strategic production systems sizing models, including notably the investments and workforce sizing
Faye, Sandy. "Evaluation de nouveaux outils de diagnostic de la tuberculose bovine : Conditions d'utilisation d'un test de dosage d'IFNγ et d'un test PCR IS6110 en temps réel". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00541997.
Texto completo da fontePAYRAUDEAU, sylvain. "Modélisation distribuée des flux d'azote sur des petits bassins versants méditerranéens". Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005633.
Texto completo da fonteLa sensibilité des réponses du modèle événementiel aux valeurs des paramètres est tout d'abord analysée sur un bassin élémentaire. Le modèle POL est ensuite appliqué sur 4 bassins versants d'une cinquantaine de km² situés dans l'Hérault (France).
Les résultats obtenus après la phase de calage et de vérification montrent la capacité du modèle événementiel à reproduire les flux d'azote générés lors des épisodes de crue. Le modèle utilisé en continu fournit une estimation des exportations d'azote avec un degré d'incertitude acceptable pour un premier diagnostic des apports annuels des bassins.
Bouguerra, Afef. "Optimisation et aide à la décision pour la programmation des opérations électives et urgentes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0171.
Texto completo da fonteThe operating theater is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources. Indeed, a high percentage of hospital admissions are due to surgical interventions. Rising expenditures spur health care organizations to organize their processes more efficiently and effectively. This thesis is supported by the urban community of Sarreguemines-France and the region of Lorraine-France, and is carried out in collaboration with the Centre Hospitalier de Sarreguemines - Hôpital Robert Pax. In the first part of this work, we propose two mathematical programming models to help operating theater managers in developing an optimal operating rooms scheduling. We also propose a constructive heuristic to obtain near optimal results for realistic sizes of the problem. In the second part of our work, the whole scheduling process is modeled as a hybrid four-stage flow shop problem with RSb blocking constraint, and is solved by a genetic algorithm. The objective is to synchronize all the needed resources around the optimal daily schedule obtained with the proposed mathematical model. The last part of our work is dedicated to non-elective surgeries. We propose a decision support tool, guiding the operating room manager, to handle this unpredictable flow of patients. Non-elective patients are classified according to their medical priority. The main contribution of the proposed decision support tool is to provide online assignment strategies to treat each non elective patient category. Proposed assignments are riskless on patient’s health. According to non-elective surgery classes, the proposed adjusted schedule minimizes different criteria such as patient’s waiting time, deviation from the firstly scheduled starting time of a surgery and the amount of resulting overtime
Bouguerra, Afef. "Optimisation et aide à la décision pour la programmation des opérations électives et urgentes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0171/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe operating theater is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources. Indeed, a high percentage of hospital admissions are due to surgical interventions. Rising expenditures spur health care organizations to organize their processes more efficiently and effectively. This thesis is supported by the urban community of Sarreguemines-France and the region of Lorraine-France, and is carried out in collaboration with the Centre Hospitalier de Sarreguemines - Hôpital Robert Pax. In the first part of this work, we propose two mathematical programming models to help operating theater managers in developing an optimal operating rooms scheduling. We also propose a constructive heuristic to obtain near optimal results for realistic sizes of the problem. In the second part of our work, the whole scheduling process is modeled as a hybrid four-stage flow shop problem with RSb blocking constraint, and is solved by a genetic algorithm. The objective is to synchronize all the needed resources around the optimal daily schedule obtained with the proposed mathematical model. The last part of our work is dedicated to non-elective surgeries. We propose a decision support tool, guiding the operating room manager, to handle this unpredictable flow of patients. Non-elective patients are classified according to their medical priority. The main contribution of the proposed decision support tool is to provide online assignment strategies to treat each non elective patient category. Proposed assignments are riskless on patient’s health. According to non-elective surgery classes, the proposed adjusted schedule minimizes different criteria such as patient’s waiting time, deviation from the firstly scheduled starting time of a surgery and the amount of resulting overtime
MEYER, Patrick. "Contributions au processus d'Aide Multicritère à la Décision : Méthodes, Outils et Applications". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959830.
Texto completo da fonte