Siga este link para ver outros tipos de publicações sobre o tema: Orge – Agriculture.
Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Orge – Agriculture"
Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos
Veja os 50 melhores artigos de revistas para estudos sobre o assunto "Orge – Agriculture".
Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.
Veja os artigos de revistas das mais diversas áreas científicas e compile uma bibliografia correta.
1
Cavigelli, Michel A., Beth L. Hima, James C. Hanson, John R. Teasdale, Anne E. Conklin e Yao-chi Lu. "Long-term economic performance of organic and conventional field crops in the mid-Atlantic region". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 24, n.º 2 (27 de maio de 2009): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170509002555.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
AbstractInterest in organic grain production is increasing in the United States but there is limited information regarding the economic performance of organic grain and forage production in the mid-Atlantic region. We present the results from enterprise budget analyses for individual crops and for complete rotations with and without organic price premiums for five cropping systems at the US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA–ARS) Beltsville Farming Systems Project (FSP) from 2000 to 2005. The FSP is a long-term cropping systems trial established in 1996 to evaluate the sustainability of organic and conventional grain crop production. The five FSP cropping systems include a conventional, three-year no-till corn (Zea maysL.)–rye (Secale cerealeL.) cover crop/soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)/soybean rotation (no-till (NT)), a conventional, three-year chisel-till corn–rye/soybean–wheat/soybean rotation (chisel tillage (CT)), a two-year organic hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth)/corn–rye/soybean rotation (Org2), a three-year organic vetch/corn–rye/soybean–wheat rotation (Org3) and a four- to six-year organic corn–rye/soybean–wheat–red clover (Trifolium pratenseL.)/orchard grass (Dactylis glomerataL.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) rotation (Org4+). Economic returns were calculated for rotations present from 2000 to 2005, which included some slight changes in crop rotation sequences due to weather conditions and management changes; additional analyses were conducted for 2000 to 2002 when all crops described above were present in all organic rotations. Production costs were, in general, greatest for CT, while those for the organic systems were lower than or similar to those for NT for all crops. Present value of net returns for individual crops and for full rotations were greater and risks were lower for NT than for CT. When price premiums for organic crops were included in the analysis, cumulative present value of net returns for organic systems (US$3933 to 5446 ha−1, 2000 to 2005; US$2653 to 2869 ha−1, 2000 to 2002) were always substantially greater than for the conventional systems (US$1309 to 1909 ha−1, 2000 to 2005; US$634 to 869 ha−1, 2000 to 2002). With price premiums, Org2 had greater net returns but also greater variability of returns and economic risk across all years than all other systems, primarily because economic success of this short rotation was highly dependent on the success of soybean, the crop with the highest returns. Soybean yield variability was high due to the impact of weather on the success of weed control in the organic systems. The longer, more diverse Org4+ rotation had the lowest variability of returns among organic systems and lower economic risk than Org2. With no organic price premiums, economic returns for corn and soybean in the organic systems were generally lower than those for the conventional systems due to lower grain yields in the organic systems. An exception to this pattern is that returns for corn in Org4+ were equal to or greater than those in NT in four of six years due to both lower production costs and greater revenue than for Org2 and Org3. With no organic premiums, present value of net returns for the full rotations was greatest for NT in 4 of 6 years and greatest for Org4+ the other 2 years, when returns for hay crops were high. Returns for individual crops and for full rotations were, in general, among the lowest and economic risk was, in general, among the highest for Org2 and Org3. Results indicate that Org4+, the longest and most diverse rotation, had the most stable economic returns among organic systems but that short-term returns could be greatest with Org2. This result likely explains, at least in part, why some organic farmers in the mid-Atlantic region, especially those recently converting to organic methods, have adopted this relatively short rotation. The greater stability of the longer rotation, by contrast, may explain why farmers who have used organic methods for longer periods of time tend to favor rotations that include perennial forages.
2
Oliynyk-Dunn, Olena. "Financial System and Agricultural Growth in Ukraine". Organizacija 50, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2017): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0016.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract Background/Purpose: An effective financial system should increase the efficiency of economic activities. This study provides evidence regarding the importance of financial development for agricultural growth in Ukraine. Methodology: We used non-integrated and integral indicators, time series and regression analysis to investigate the link between the financial development and agricultural growth. Results: The results based on integral indicators shows that the financial development does not affect agricultural growth in Ukraine. The study based on non-integrated indicators, which characterizes various aspects of the financial system’s banking component and agricultural growth, provided a significant link between the financial system and agriculture growth. The regression models revealed if bank deposits to GDP (%) increases the value added per worker in agriculture increases exponentially. The results of the study indicate that, agriculture is more sensitive to lending changes than the vast majority of other sectors of the economy. The increasing lending of one UAH (Ukrainian hryvnia) resulted in retail turnover growth of 1.62 UAH, while agricultural gross output, growth was UAH 5.06. Conclusion: Our results reveal a positive relationship between financial system’s banking component and agriculture growth in Ukraine. The results indicate the necessity for continued research into further developing universal methodological approaches of appraising the nexus of the financial system’s banking component on agriculture growth in general as well separate farm groups. The results of our study has important implications on policy making authorities efforts to stimulate agricultural growth by improving the efficiency of the financial system’s banking component.
3
Luque Cuesta, Fernando, e Mª Carmen Hidalgo Rodríguez. "Desfragmentación edáfica, social y cerámica. Proyecto artístico centrado en el diseño de platos a partir de restos cerámicos encontrados en el agro de Casabermeja, Antequera y Orce". Arte y Políticas de Identidad 25 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/reapi.506281.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The main objective of this study is the creation of an artistic ceramic project that reflects the current situation of the rural world as a consequence of industrial agriculture. Current agricultural and livestock production systems have negative environmental consequences, such as erosion and pollution, and cultural consequences, such as rural exodus or the extinction of indigenous germplasm. Through the study of the rural world in the municipalities of Casabermeja, Antequera and Orce, it has been possible to verify the detriment of these lands and their culture and, at the same time, the remains of ceramic plates found in these lands reflect this reality. The methodology used is theoretical-practical: through scientific references, the destruction of pre-industrial agricultural practices is exposed against industrial agriculture; experimentation with agricultural production techniques, both traditional and modern, show their compatibility; and, finally, artistic research, which recovers ceramic remains from the past to design three plates. The artistic work is proposed as an information and awareness means of a world problem, showing the compatibility between production and biodiversity, Nature as a source of culture, and human society as a dependent part of Nature. Este estudio tiene como objetivo fundamental la creación de un proyecto artístico de cerámica que refleje la situación actual del mundo rural como consecuencia de la agricultura industrial. Los actuales sistemas de producción agrícola y ganadera tienen consecuencias negativas medioambientales como la erosión y la contaminación, y culturales como el éxodo rural o la extinción de germoplasma autóctono. A través del estudio del mundo rural en los municipios de Casabermeja, Antequera y Orce, se ha podido comprobar el detrimento de estas tierras y su cultura y, al mismo tiempo, en los restos de platos cerámicos hallados en estos terrenos se encuentra el reflejo de esta realidad. La metodología usada es teórico-práctica: mediante referentes científicos se expone la destrucción de las prácticas agropecuarias preindustriales frente a la agricultura industrial; la experimentación con técnicas de producción agrícola, tanto tradicionales como modernas, evidencian su compatibilidad; y, finalmente, la investigación artística, que recupera restos cerámicos del pasado para diseñar tres platos. La obra artística se propone como medio divulgativo y de concienciación de un problema mundial, evidenciando la compatibilidad entre producción y biodiversidad, la Naturaleza como fuente de cultura, y la sociedad humana como parte dependiente de la Naturaleza.
4
Bourdin, Gérard. "Industrie, agriculture, ravitaillement (Orne 1914-1918)". Études Normandes 6, n.º 1 (2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/etnor.2018.3722.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
À l’engagement des troupes en première ligne répond, moins héroïque mais indispensable, toute une mobilisation de l’«arrière». Il faut en effet en priorité nourrir, équiper l’armée et lui fournir armes et munitions, alors même que le gros de la main-d’oeuvre est sous les drapeaux. Rural, mais non sans industries, le département de l’Orne en offre un bon exemple.
5
Popov Cardoso, Sabine Ruth. "Agriculturas e desenvolvimento:". Sustainability in Debate 5, n.º 3 (31 de dezembro de 2014): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v5n3.2014.11383.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Resenha do livro: Sérgio Sauer e Moisés V. Balestro (orgs). Agroecologia e os desafios da transição ecológica. 2.ed. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2013. 328p. : tabs, fots., maps. ISBN 978-85743-131-1.
6
Lubis, Mira Ardilla, Muhammad Fajar Abdilla e Siti Sardiana Berutu. "Reformasi Agraria dan Dampaknya terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia pada Era Orde Lama dan Orde Baru". Analisis Sejarah: Mencari Jalan Sejarah 14, n.º 2 (5 de julho de 2024): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jas.v14i2.125.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Agrarian reform encompasses a series of government actions and policies designed to restructure the land system, aiming to enhance social justice, reduce land ownership inequality, increase agricultural productivity, and stimulate economic growth in the agricultural sector. These reforms typically involve transferring land from large owners to smaller farmers, improving the land ownership structure, and granting land to farmers. This study employs descriptive qualitative research. According to Lexi J. Moleong, qualitative research seeks to understand phenomena experienced by the subjects. Although agrarian reform in Indonesia began during Dutch colonialism, significant reforms were implemented during the Old Order and New Order eras, particularly through Law Number 5 of 1960, known as the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). This law established regulations related to agrarian principles during the Old Order period. The Old Order’s agrarian reform aimed to dismantle colonial capitalism and feudalism by nationalizing foreign companies and redistributing land. However, agrarian reform in Indonesia still faces numerous challenges that need to be addressed to ensure inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
7
Pranadji, T., e Wahida. "Environmental policy, ecology, and threat towards the unsustainable agriculture development in Indonesia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, n.º 1 (1 de novembro de 2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012078.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract Sustainable Development Goals that are targeted to be achieved in 2030 are the answer in balancing development activities and their impact on the environment and natural ecosystem. Since the New Order Era (Orde Baru), Indonesia has been implemented a development strategy that focused on growth. This strategy contributes a significant impact to biodiversity, natural resources, and environment. Agriculture activities itself in the traditional or modern term refers to the effort to exploit the ecosystem. However, the level of exploitation in many cases is not controllable, and overexploitation occurs along the development process. The study of social ecology aims to examine and predict whether agricultural development has complied with sustainable principles or, on the opposite, it leads toward an unsustainable manner. At a global level, agricultural policy or commodities policy is translated into a new measurement that has a potential impact on market access for several commodities. European Union introduces this measurement as European Green Deal, while the UK introduces a similar measurement and known as the environmental bill. Indonesian agricultural development history has marked the principles that have been in place affiliated with neo-liberal values and translates into over-exploitation to natural resources, environment, and local biodiversity. Review toward the existing agriculture policies that have been implemented nationwide and the existing requirements toward green economics principles are important for Indonesia, in particular, to measure the level of readiness to supply global with stringent standardization toward environment and biodiversity.
8
Santos, Elisana Batista dos, Osvaldo Ryohei Kato e Roberta de Fátima Rodrigues Coelho. "Transição produtiva dos sistemas convencionais para Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) nas propriedades de agricultores familiares do município de Tomé-açu, Pará". OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, n.º 7 (17 de julho de 2024): e5872. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n7-199.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
É importante que os agricultores familiares conheçam o processo de transição produtiva dos sistemas agroflorestais para fortalecer a adoção dessa prática. O objetivo deste arti-go é entender o processo de transição do sistema convencional de uso da terra para os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) em propriedades de agricultores familiares do município de Tomé-Açu, Pará. Foram selecionadas propriedades que passaram pelo processo de transição de seus sistemas de cultivos (Roça-32 propriedades; Pimenta-do-reino- 19 pro-priedades; e Pasto-09 propriedades). A técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada que abordou os seguintes itens: origem, escolaridade e faixa etária do chefe de família; tempo que o agricultor trabalha na agricultura; mão de obra; e estrutura orga-nizacional, por meio do ODK Collect. A maioria dos agricultores são paraenses, estuda-ram até o ensino básico incompleto, apresentam idade de 31 a 60 anos, trabalham há mais de 20 anos na agricultura e contratam mão de obra principalmente para a implanta-ção do SAF. A maioria das propriedades tinham a roça antes da implantação do SAF e vários processos de mudanças de forma sequencial do sistema convencional para o SAF foram identificados. As categorias roça e pimenta-do-reino apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies de plantas nos SAFs. Existe uma preferência dos agricultores pelas espécies frutíferas que provavelmente está relacionada com a segurança alimentar da família e com as demandas do mercado local.
9
Antonio, Gerson José Yunes, Renato Linhares De Assis e Adriana Maria de Aquino. "VULNERABILIDADES E PERSPECTIVAS DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR FRENTE À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19". Revista Brasileira de Agroecologia 15, n.º 4 (22 de abril de 2021): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33240/rba.v15i4.23277.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
No atual contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, as populações em condições sociais desfavoráveis são mais frágeis. A agroecologia, o consumo responsável e o comércio justo são estratégias para reduzir essa vulnerabilidade. Experiências na Região Serrana Fluminense, relativas ao meio rural para mitigar as consequências de tragédia ambiental ocorrida em 2011, bem como o cenário produtivo e de mercado da agricultura orgânica podem ser referência para reversão dos efeitos decorrentes da pandemia. Utiliza-se entrevistas, revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e conhecimento da realidade agrÃcola local. Conclui-se que sociedades sustentáveis demandam uma agricultura com sistemas de produção diversificados e polÃticas públicas voltadas para o fortalecimento das organizações sociais, que reconheçam a importância das questões de gênero, contribuam para processos coletivos de construção de conhecimentos adequados, e favoreçam estratégias de mercado justo, aproximando agricultores e consumidores.
10
Pratiwi, Ananta Daru, Alifia Maulina, Aldilla Amalia, M. Fahza Rahmadi Rega e Ahmad Agil Surya R. "Pengaruh Perencanaan Pembangunan Era Orde Lama pada Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Indonesia". Journal of Economics Development Issues 6, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jedi.v6i1.151.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The reign of Indonesia's Old Order lasted for about 23 years, from 1945 to 1968 under the leadership of President Soekarno. The economic situation in the early days of independence (1945-1949) was quite bad, including various problems such as very high inflation, the Dutch economic cessation since November 1945, and massive exploitation during the colonial period. However, during the old order, President Soekarno had a development strategy based on this development plan. This development plan put more emphasis on political development efforts where at that time the government was trying to maintain national independence. In 1947 the government started planning by making a Three-Year Production Plan for the Republic of Indonesia in 1948, 1949, and 1950. This program focused on agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, forestry, and other programs.
11
Aznaran Castillo, Guillermo. "MEDICIÓN DE LA COMPETITIVIDAD GLOBAL AGRICOLA: EL CASO DE LAS PROVINCIAS DE CAJABAMBA Y CHOTA". Gestión en el Tercer Milenio 6, n.º 11 (15 de julho de 2003): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v6i11.9876.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
En el presente estudio se utilizará, en pri mer lugar, la experiencia que tiene el llNCAP "jor ge Basadre", que trabaja desde hace dos décadas en el área rural del Departamento de Cajamarca, principalmente en las provincias de Cajamarca, Cajabarnba, Chota y Celendín; para desarrollar su trabajo el llNCAP '1orge Basadre" elaboró un Plan Estratégico para el período 1998-2007, cuyos ejes de acción apuntan a superar "la pobreza y cons truir el desarrollo humano sostenido, desde las bases de la sociedad civil. Es el reto a la prosperi dad y del tránsito de la supervivencia a la sostenibilidad, del autoritarismo a la democracia y de la desigualdad a la equidad". En segundo lugar, el IINCAP "[orge Basadre" realizó una Encuesta Agrícola, en noviembre del 2000, a 84 agricultores en la provincia de Cajarnbamba (distrito de Cajabamba) y a 96 agri cultores en la provincia de Chota (distrito de Cho ta). Estos agricultores son una muestra repre sentativa del conjunto de agricultores de ambas provincias y departamento de Cajamarca. Más aún, en cierta forma, la muestra estadística podría otor garnos una información que, en términos genera les, representa al conjunto de agricultores del Perú. Las preguntas han sido clasificadas en cua tro áreas de investigación: la existencia de redes regionales, la identificación de la oferta existente en las mencionadas provincias, el nivel tecnológi co y los factores externos que actúan en esas zo nas rurales.
12
García Romero, Ronny Alberto, Katia Rafaela Hoyos Núñez, Patricia Milena Cassab Martínez e José Luis Díaz Ballesteros. "Mapas de conocimiento regional: Agricultura, ganadería y turismo en el municipio de Montería – Colombia". ECONÓMICAS CUC 42, n.º 1 (5 de novembro de 2020): 208–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/econcuc.42.1.2021.org.5.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Este artículo recoge los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es diseñar mapas de conocimiento (MC) aplicado a la gestión del conocimiento regional para los sectores que impulsan la economía en el municipio de Montería, como son; la ganadería, la agricultura y el turismo. En el presente artículo se reconocen los componentes de un Sistema de Información Regional (SIR) para determinar los factores y actores que están inmersos en un sistema de innovación. La metodología utilizada es de tipo descriptiva, basada en los SIR que identifica las fuentes documentales y clasificaciones específicas para una región, con esta información se construyen los perfiles que contienen los MC. La discusión giró entorno a que las fuentes de información encontradas son diversas a las necesidades de identificación del conocimiento regional, en este sentido los resultados reflejan tres tipos de MC, uno por cada sector donde se recogen los actores, las estructuras, la infraestructura, los recursos y el capital social. Asimismo, se detectó la ausencia de elementos como parques tecnológicos, que ayudan a gestionar el conocimiento entre actores, y se concluyó que es relevante conocer los flujos de información entre los sectores y actores para el análisis de los MC y faciliten la gestión del conocimiento en el municipio, debido a que estos promueven la innovación y el desarrollo, para la construcción de planes de desarrollo territorial.
13
Kamin, Anggalih Bayu Muh, e Reza Altamaha. "Modernisasi Tanpa Pembangunan Dalam Proyek Food Estate Di Bulungan Dan Merauke". BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan 5, n.º 2 (2 de dezembro de 2019): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/jb.v5i2.368.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract: Transmigration has been related to efforts to boost food productivity. During the New Order era, transmigration was promoted in order to create cheap labor on large government-owned plantations. After the New Order period, transmigration was once again made to support food program initiated through food estate project. This study wants to explore the paradox of the process of modernization of large-scale agriculture through a food estate project which turned out causing negative impacts for transmigrant farmers and local residents. This research is a literature study carried out by searching research reports, government documents, journal articles, and news from various media concerning the implementation of food estate. Data analysis was carried out through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, verification and conclusion drawing. This study has discovered how the large-scale agricultural modernization projects in Merauke and Bulungan is not an effort to support food security, but merely a broad-scale agribusiness expansion. The implementation of transmigration, basically, only serves as a support to ease the agribusiness expansion that takes place in Merauke and Bulungan. This study has proven the condition of food insecurity that must be faced by transmigrant farmers local residents affected by the project. Intisari: Transmigrasi selama ini terkait dengan upaya menggenjot produktivitas pangan. Pada masa Orde Baru, transmigrasi digalakkan dengan untuk menjadikan transmigran sebagai tenaga kerja murah di perkebunan besar milik pemerintah. Setelah masa Orde Baru berakhir, transmigrasi dijadikan lagi sebagai penopang program pangan dengan dicetuskannya proyek food estate. Kajian ini ingin mendalami paradoks dari proses modernisasi pertanian skala luas melalui proyek food estate yang justru menyebabkan dampak negatif bagi petani transmigran dan penduduk lokal. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang dilakukan dengan melakukan penelusuran terhadap laporan penelitian, dokumen pemerintahan, artikel jurnal, dan berita dari berbagai media yang terkait dengan pelaksanaan food estate. Analisis data dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kajian ini telah menemukan bagaimana proyek modernisasi pertanian dalam skala luas di Merauke dan Bulungan bukanlah usaha menjaga ketahanan pangan, melainkan semata ekspansi agribisnis dalam skala luas. Penyelenggaraan transmigrasi pada dasarnya hanya menjadi penopang untuk memfasilitasi ekspansi agribisnis yang terjadi di Merauke dan Bulungan. Kajian ini telah membuktikan kondisi kerawanan pangan yang harus dihadapi petani transmigran penduduk lokal terdampak proyek.
14
Simatupang, Pantjar, e Nizwar Syafa'at. "Industrialisasi Berbasis Pertanian sebagai Grand Stratedy Pembangunan Ekonomi Nasional". Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 18, n.º 1-2 (1 de setembro de 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v18n1-2.2000.1-15.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
<p><strong>English<br /></strong>As a developing economy Indonesia, should have a comprehensive integrated long-term development plan which may be used as the guideline in implementing its national economic development as well as an instrument for evaluating government accountability and credibility. The New Order regime had prepared its first and second long-term development plan for 1969-1993 and 1993-2018 successively. The twin plans, however, has led Indonesia to the 1997-1999 multi dimensions crises and is considered in appropriate in the existing new era of total reformation. It must be totally reconstructed. For this, public discussions on the need for the government to formulated the new grand strategy of national development have emerged, but up and down, in the last two years. As an active contribution to the public debase, this paper reviews previous, Indonesia development plans, others' countries experiences as well as grand theories of economic development. Then it is suggested that the agricultural based industrialization may be the most suitable one for Indonesia. The new grand strategy should be decided based on a national concensus in order to avoid the practice of just for political rhetoric's as was during the New Order regime.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Bagi negara berkembang seperti indonesia, rencana pembangunan jangka panjang komprehensif-integratif sangat di perlukan sebagai acuan pelaksanaan pembangunan dan sebagai salah satu instrumen akuntabilitas dan kredibilitas pemerintah. Pemerintahaan Orde Baru telah menyusun rancangan pembangunan jangka panjang tahap I dan II masing-masing untuk peiode 1969-1993 dan 1993-2018. Rencana jangka panjang yang disusun rejim Orde Baru tersebut terbukti membawa Indonesia kedalam krisis tahun 1997-1999 dan sudah tidak sesuai dalam era Reformasi sehingga perlu dirancang ulang. Dalam dua tahun terakhir sesungguhnya telah muncul wacana publik yang menuntut agar pemerintah segera menyusun grand strategy ( strategi besar ) pembangunan nasional. Sebagai bagian dari wacana tersebut, tulisan ini mereview tentang konsepsi strategi pembangunan selama Orde Baru, pengalaman beberapa negara lain pemikiran teoritis tentang strategi pembangunan ekonomi. Berdasarkan hasil review tersebut, disarankan agar industrialisasi berbasis pertanian (agricultural based industrialization) dijadikan sebagai strategi besar (grand strategy) pembangunan nasional. Strategi tersebut haruslah dijadikan sebagai konsensus nasional, sehingga tidak sekedar retorika politik seperti pada masa Orde Baru.</p>
15
Mustapa, Hasan, e M. Anwar Syi'aruddin. "Creative Understanding Dalam Progressivisme Pemikiran Islam Politik Syafruddin Prawiranegara (1911-1989): Sebuah Pendekatan Komunikasi". Politea : Jurnal Politik Islam 3, n.º 1 (29 de junho de 2020): 133–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/politea.v3i1.1721.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Peran intelektual tokoh Masyumi cenderung terpinggirkan karena kelemahan posisi politik baik di masa rezim Orde Lama maupun Orde Baru. Kendati gagasan mereka sangat relevan dengan pengentasan problem umat. Beberapa di antaranya seperti Syafruddin Prawiranegara, merespons sikap politik penguasa dengan komunikasi politik yang santun nan progresif. Proses komunikasi politik intelektual Masyumi tersebut diurai melalui beberapa aspek seperti: creative understanding, identity values, aesthetic appeal, community agreement serta reform of society. Menghadapi strategi politik propaganda Soekarno dan Soeharto terhadap sikap politik yang berbeda, Syafrudin Prawiranegara merespons dinamika politik baik Orde Lama maupun Orde Baru lebih bersifat retorik di mana ia bertumpu pada argumentasi yang mengandalkan kekuatan logika serta pendekatan persuasi dan apresiasi yang berimbang dalam melihat peristiwa, tokoh, maupun pergulatan politik yang terjadi.
16
Rozman, Črtomir, Andrej Škraba, Karmen Pažek e Davorin Kofjač. "Validation of Agent-based Approach for Simulating the Conversion to Organic Farming". Organizacija 50, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2017): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0018.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the principles of the development of parallel system-dynamics and agent-based models of organic farming for the case of Slovenia. The advantage of agent-based modeling is demonstrated by including geospatial information as an agent attribute. The models were compared by the validation, confirming the appropriate level of similarity. Design/Methodology/Approach: Both system-dynamics and agent-based modeling approaches were applied. Statistical methods were used in the validation. Results: The results of the validation confirm the appropriateness of the proposed agent-based model. Introducing additional attributes into the agent-based model provides an important advantage over the system-dynamics model, which serves as the paradigmatic example. Conclusion: A thorough validation and comparison of the results of the system-dynamics and agent-based models indicates the proper approach to combining the methodologies. This approach is promising, because it enables the modeling of the entire agricultural sector, taking each particular farm into account.
17
Sudewa, I. Ketut, e Sri Jumadiah. "KONSTRUKSI IDEALISME DI DALAM ANTOLOGI PUISI UNTUK REFORMASI". Aksara 34, n.º 1 (14 de setembro de 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v34i1.672.1-18.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstrak Anotologi Puisi Untuk Reformasi merupakan salah satu antologi yang di dalamnya mengungkapkan tentang keadaan sosial politik di Indonesia pada zaman Orde Baru dan awal reformasi. Di dalam antologi tersebut memuat sajak-sajak dari empat penyair yang terkenal di Indonesia, yaitu: W.S Rendra, Taufiq Islamil, Adhie M. Massardi, dan Remy Sylado. Permasalahan yang dibahas di dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) konstruksi idealisme yang diungkapkan oleh penyair di dalam antologi Puisi Untuk Reformasi dan (2) bagaimana cara penyair mengungkapkan idealismenya tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik baca, simak, catat, dan interpretatif. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori semiotik dan sosiologi sastra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyair di dalam antologi Puisi Untuk Reformasi mengungkapkan berbagai idealisme yang berangkat dari keadaan sosial masyarakat Indonesia pada masa Orde Baru dan masa awal reformasi. Konstruksi idealisme yang terbangun di dalam antologi tersebut didasari oleh berbagai persoalan bangsa Indonesia pada masa tersebut, seperti: kebabasan/demokrasi, politik, hukum, dan degradasi kemanusiaan. Para penyair mengung kapkan persoalan-persoalan tersebut dengan cara menggunakan diksi tertentu yang memperkuat maksud yang ingin diungkapkan. Di samping menggunakan diksi masing-masing penyair yang menjadi ciri khasnya juga dominan menggunakan gaya hiperbola, repetisi, metafora, dan sisnisme. bahasa Kata kunci: konstruksi, idealisme, sosial, politik one of the anthologies in which it reveals the socio-political situation in Indonesia during the Orde Baru era and the beginning of reform. In the anthology includes poems from four famous poets in Indonesia, namely: W.S Rendra, Taufiq Islamil, Adhie M. Massardi, and Remy Sylado. The problems discussed in this research are: (1) the construction of idealism expressed by the poet in the anthology of Poetry for Reform and (2) how the poet expresses his idealism.The research method used is a qualitative method through literature study. Research techniques used are reading, note taking, and interpretive techniques. The theory used is the theory of semiotics and sociology of literature.The results showed that the poet in the anthology of Poetry for Reform expressed various ideals that departed from the social conditions of the Indonesian people during the Orde Baru era and the biginning of reform. The construction of idealism built in the anthology is based on various problems of the Indonesian nation at that time, such as freedom / democracy, politics, laws, and human degradation. The poets express these problems by using certain diction which reinforces the intention to be expressed. In addition to using the diction of each poet who is his trademark, he also uses hyperbole, repetition, metaphor, and sisnism. Keywords: construction, idealism, social, politics
18
Rusmayadi, Gusti, Umi Salawati e Dewi Erika Adriani. "Impact of Extreme Climate on Orage Farming Surjan System in Botola". Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Studies 3, n.º 1 (14 de janeiro de 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeas.2022.3.1.1.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The determining factor for the success of agricultural cultivation in tidal swampland is water availability, which fluctuates throughout the plant's growth. The availability of water for oranges has a significant role in the final production of the product. In Indonesia, there are three types of rain patterns with variations in the growing season related to water availability: the rainy season between October and March and the dry season between April and September. Climate extremes such as drought (El-Niño) and wetness (La-Niña) fluctuate dynamically, impact shifts at the beginning and end of the growing season, and hurt citrus crop productivity. Therefore, an analysis of rice planting time in tidal swampland in Barito Kuala under extreme climatic events was carried out. The research was conducted in September – December 2020 with the survey method. The data was dug in-depth on the research respondents: citrus farmers, fruit traders, and related agencies. The number of samples was 90 people (45 male farmers and 45 female farmers). Two different villages were surveyed in each sub-district according to the type of tidal land, namely Marabahan sub-district (SP1 village and SP2 village), type A, Mandastana (Karang Indah village and Karang Bunga village) type B, and Cerbon sub-district. (Village of Simpang Nungki and Sungai Kambat) Type C. Planting time in tidal land begins after the amount of rainwater is sufficient to dissolve the iron content in the water. The probability of an El-Niño occurrence with an intensity of 1, 2, 3, and 4 years has the highest frequency of occurrence—respectively 3, 3, 5, and 3 times with probability around 16.7% to 27.8%. Meanwhile, La-Nia with an intensity of once a year with the highest frequency eight times with a 40.0% chance. La-Nia events coexist with El-Nio 15 times, and generally, El-Nio precedes La-Nia by about 44%. The cropping pattern in tidal swampland shows high resistance to climate change. Namely, the planting time has not changed much for decades under different climatic conditions.
19
Amalik, Mulyadi J. "Petani Karawang Melawan Kemiskinan Dalam Kuasa-Politik ; Studi Observasi Partisipatif Tahun 2004-2005". Jurnal Masyarakat Maritim 4, n.º 2 (30 de outubro de 2020): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jmm.v4i2.2835.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Agricultural world was a leading sector in longterm development in the past goverment (Orde Baru). Agricultural sector was always as a priority in every stages of five years goverment developmental planning. Unfortuneatly those regulation concept and theories of the goverment only putting farmers as an object not as subject in order to develop political images for commercial agencies. Goverment developmental policy in New Order, which top-dwon system, induced farmer dependency especially in Karawang district. Therefore, most of them start to build a contrary system to against the policies. This studies using participatory observational, interviews, and intensif dialogue among farmers in Karawang district. Literature data analysis using modernity, developmental, societies and political sociological theories. The reformation era become a first momentum for Karawang’s farmers to reorganize and institutionalize their ”heiding resistance”. After five years of reformation, their organization became participative and independent. Through this organization, farmers capable to create diplomacy, democracy, advocacy, networking and strengthen literacy in order to reorganize their political empowerment.
20
Díez Romero, Déborah. "Tres pisadas de hombre de Antonio Prieto". Analecta Malacitana. Revista de la sección de Filología de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras 42 (12 de março de 2022): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/analecta.v42i1-2.14456.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
La «primera» novela de Antonio Prieto, Tres pisadas de hombre, fue galardonada con el Premio Planeta en 1955. A raíz de su lanzamiento hacia uno de los lugares más considerados dentro del orbe literario, fueron muchas las críticas que suscitó la obra, recreándose en la aparición de multiplicidad de opiniones que lo llevaron a ser considerado como la «joven promesa» de la novela española.
21
Radford, BJ. "Effect of cultivar and temperature on the coleoptile length and establishment of barley". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, n.º 2 (1987): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870313.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of 7 cultivars and 8 constant temperatures on the coleoptile length of barley seedlings grown in darkness. A field experiment was used to determine correlations between laboratory measurements on seed (coleoptile length, germination and weight) and barley establishment after deep sowing (at 80 and 110 mm). Cultivar and temperature both affected coleoptile length. Cultivars in order of coleoptile length were Orge Saida > Prior > Clipper > Schooner, Grimmett >Grit > Lada. Coleoptiles were longest (61-106 mm) at 10-20�C and shortest (28-36 mm) at 35-40�C. The cultivar x temperature interaction was significant (P<0.01), differences in coleoptile length among cultivars being greatest at low temperatures. Laboratory germination gave the best prediction of barley establishment for the sowing depth of 80 mm (adjusted R2 = 0.47), and coleoptile length and seed weight the best predictions for the sowing depth of 110 mm (adjusted R2 = 0.93 and 0.83 respectively). Strategies for improving barley establishment from deep sowings include cultivar selection, seed selection, selection of sowing time to suit seedbed temperatures and the use of seeding machinery which forms furrows directly over rows of deeply sown seed.
22
Bird, Deborah J., William J. Murphy, Lester Fox-Rosales, Iman Hamid, Robert A. Eagle e Blaire Van Valkenburgh. "Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, n.º 1874 (14 de março de 2018): 20180100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0100.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORGs), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odour perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSN axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the cribriform plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared after accounting for body size. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and re-examining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat ( Smilodon fatalis ), we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid.
23
Amalia, Suci, e Lily Tjahjandari. "REPRESENTASI PEREMPUAN ERA ORDE BARU DALAM MUSIK ANAK POPULAR INDONESIA KARYA PAPA T. BOB". Metahumaniora 13, n.º 1 (20 de abril de 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v13i1.45899.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
According to studies on popular children’s songs, songs can be a medium for forming a child’s mindset through reflection and memories contained in the lyrics and video clips of the songs. Popular children’s songs can also be used to spread gender ideology. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s gender approach and Julia Suryakusuma’s Ibuism Negara (National Motherism), this research demonstrates elements of gender inequality found in two songs by Papa T. Bob, namely Dudidudidam (video clip: Enno Lerian) and Papa Cinta Mama (video clip: Saskia and Savira), both created during the reign of the New Order. These elements combine to form the concept of family, which was developed during the New Order government. The results of this study’s analysis, using a descriptive qualitative approach and a read-see technique, lead to the domestication and objectification of women in the New Order era family concept attached to children in the lyrics and videos of popular children’s songs entitled Dudidudidam and Papa Cinta by Papa T. Bob.
24
Rosas Barajas, José Alfredo, Andrés Aguilar Ortega, Ivete Cornejo Corona, Zenon Rizo Fernández, Saúl Edén Córdova de la Cruz, Luis Gerardo Ramos Frausto e José de Jesús Esparza Claudio. "Análisis de las cadenas de suministro de bio-etanol y biodiesel en México: Estudio de caso". Nova Scientia 10, n.º 20 (25 de maio de 2018): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21640/ns.v10i20.1145.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
El trabajo identificó y analizó el estado actual de los principales actores que intervienen en las cadenas de suministro de biocombustibles líquidos en el sureste de México. Se incluye la descripción del proceso de producción de: biodiesel, bioetanol y aceite de ricino. El caso A se refiere a una empresa que a partir de aceites vegetales reciclados produce biodiésel, el caso B se refiere a una empresa que utiliza melazas para producir etanol anhidro mediante un tamiz molecular, el caso C describe la gestión de la cadena de suministro, desde la orga-nización de los agricultores hasta el proceso de producción de aceite de ricino y su comer-cialización para la industria, los centros INIFAP están trabajando en la mejora de la semilla de jatropha para su uso colectivo en las zonas potenciales de cultivo.
25
Rahman, Arif, Sirojuzilam Sirojuzilam, Wahyu Ario Pratomo, Inggrita Gusti Sari Nasution, Wahyu Sugeng Imam Soeparno, Sukma Hayati Hakim e Muhammad Syafii. "Anomali pengaruh sektor industri terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia". SOROT 17, n.º 2 (28 de setembro de 2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/sorot.17.2.91-103.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Kontribusi sektor industri terhadap perekonomian yang cenderung menurun, juga diikuti dengan penurunan kemiskinan dalam pengamatan yang cukup panjang. Tren yang searah ini menjadi salah satu pemantik untuk menelusuri lebih dalam pengaruh sektor industri, dan beberapa variabel prediktor lainnya terhadap kemiskinan. tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh jangka pendek dan jangka panjang dari sektor industri, pertanian, konsumsi rumah tangga, konsumsi pemerintah, dan PMTB terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia tahun 2000-2021. Data diperoleh dari publikasi BPS, dengan metode analisis desktriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Error Correction Model. Berdasarkan uji derajat integrasi diketahui bahwa data stasioner pada orde kedua. Pengujian residual Engle-Granger memperoleh hasil bahwa data pada tingkat level terdapat kointegrasi. Hasil regresi pada sektor industri justru menunjukkan pengaruh yang positif signifikan baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Konsumsi rumah tangga berpengaruh negatif baik jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Kemudian, PMTB memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam jangka pendek, namun semakin melemah dalam jangka panjang. Sedangkan konsumsi pemerintah dan sektor pertanian tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia.The contribution of the industrial sector to the economy which tends to decline, is also followed by a decrease in poverty in a long period of observation. This unidirectional trend is one of the triggers to explore more deeply the influence of the industrial sector, and several other predictor variables on poverty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of the industrial sector, agriculture, household consumption, government consumption, and PMTB on the poverty rate in Indonesia in 2000-2021. Data obtained from BPS publications, using quantitative descriptive analysis method with Error Correction Model approach. The regression results in the industrial sector actually show a significant positive effect both in the long and short term. Household consumption has a negative effect both in the long and short term. Then, PMTB has a significant effect in the short term, but weakens in the long term. Meanwhile, government consumption and the agricultural sector have no significant effect on the poverty rate in Indonesia.
26
Ramadhian, Fajar Noor, Tengku Rika Valentina, Irawati Irawati e Roni Ekha Putera. "Perbandingan Pola Rekrutmen Kepala Daerah Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1974 dan Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 2015". Jurnal Administrasi dan Kebijakan Publik 8, n.º 1 (22 de junho de 2023): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jakp.8.1.133-149.2023.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Pola rekrutmen kepala daerah menurut undang-undang No.5 Tahun 1974 ditentukan oleh pemerintahan pusat, sedangkan di undang-undang No.8 Tahun 2015 kepala daerah dipilih secara langsung. Perbedaan penjelasan undang-undang ini juga memperlihatkan posisi elite Jakarta dan masyarakat daerah dalam menentukan calon pemimpinnya. Kelompok-kelompok militer mendapatkan tempat yang strategis dengan besarnya pengaruh lembaga ini di era Orde Baru. Pemilihan kepala daerah hanya sekadar formalitas, karena mekanismenya diatur oleh Orde Baru. Sedangkan di undang-undang No 8 Tahun 2015 partai politik menjadi wadah rekrutmen kepala daerah sebelum dipilih oleh masyarakat secara langsung. Masyarakat sipil mendapatkan kesempatan yang lebih luas dan terbuka dalam menyuarakan aspirasi politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur, penulis menggali informasi dari dua undang-undang tersebut lalu melihat pola rekrutmen kepala daerah di dua undang-undang ini.
27
Macías-Gallardo, Fabio, Tannia Alexandra Quiñones-Muñoz, Raúl Miranda-Avilés, Luis Felipe Ramírez-Santoyo, Gabriela Ana Zanor e César Ozuna. "Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive Properties". Agriculture 15, n.º 2 (14 de janeiro de 2025): 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15020169.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Viticulture has migrated to organic management to reduce environmental impact. Grapes harvested in organic vineyards (ORGs) could have a better polyphenol profile than conventional vineyards (CONs). The objective was to evaluate the relationship between agricultural management, elemental soil profile, and grape bioactive compounds (var. Syrah and Tempranillo). Soil components were determined from CON and ORG vineyards; they were correlated with bioactive compounds in grape skin and seed through principal component analysis (PCA). The ORG vineyard presented higher moisture (4.50–5.72%), clay (31.70–40.55%), organic matter (OM) (9.44–11.01%), P (108.72–122.16 mg/kg), N (0.27 mg/kg), and oxides (Fe2O3, SiO2, MnO, TiO2) in soil and phenolic compounds (myricetin, quercetin, resveratrol, ellagic acid, others) and antioxidant capacity in grape skin and seed. Regarding PCA (>74.20% of variance), the first component showed positive correlations (>0.60) between pH, moisture, clay, and soil oxides (MgO, K2O, Al2O3), which favored biosynthesis in grape skin and seed phenols (catechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and rutin). The second component showed positive correlations between OM, silt, soil oxides, antioxidant capacity, and phenols in grape skin and seed. Finally, the edaphic conditions of the ORG vineyard allowed for one to obtain optimal grapes for winemaking due to their higher phenol content.
28
Vodička, Petr, Kimitaka Kawamura, Jaroslav Schwarz, Bhagawati Kunwar e Vladimír Ždímal. "Seasonal study of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition in fine aerosols at a Central European rural background station". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, n.º 6 (19 de março de 2019): 3463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3463-2019.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract. A study of the stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of total carbon (TC) and the nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) of total nitrogen (TN) was carried out for fine aerosol particles (PM1) and was undertaken every 2 days with a 24 h sampling period at a rural background site in Košetice (Central Europe) from 27 September 2013 to 9 August 2014 (n=146). We found a seasonal pattern for both δ13C and δ15N. The seasonal variation in δ15N was characterized by lower values (average of 13.1±4.5 ‰) in winter and higher values (25.0±1.6 ‰) in summer. Autumn and spring were transition periods when the isotopic composition gradually changed due to the changing sources and ambient temperature. The seasonal variation in δ13C was less pronounced but more depleted in 13C in summer (-27.8±0.4 ‰) as compared to winter (-26.7±0.5 ‰). A comparative analysis with water-soluble ions, organic carbon, elemental carbon, trace gases and meteorological parameters (mainly ambient temperature) has shown major associations with the isotopic compositions, which has provided greater knowledge and understanding of the corresponding processes. A comparison of δ15N with NO3-, NH4+ and organic nitrogen (OrgN) revealed that although a higher content of NO3- was associated with a decrease in the δ15N of TN, NH4+ and OrgN caused increases. The highest concentrations of nitrate, mainly represented by NH4NO3 related to the emissions from biomass burning leading to an average δ15N of TN (13.3 ‰) in winter. During spring, the percentage of NO3- in PM1 decreased. An enrichment of 15N was probably driven by the equilibrium exchange between the gas and aerosol phases (NH3(g) ↔ NH4+(p)), which is supported by the increased ambient temperature. This equilibrium was suppressed in early summer when the molar ratios of NH4+/SO42- reached 2, and the nitrate partitioning in aerosol was negligible due to the increased ambient temperature. Summertime δ15N values were among the highest, suggesting the aging of ammonium sulfate and OrgN aerosols. Such aged aerosols can be coated by organics in which 13C enrichment takes place by the photooxidation process. This result was supported by a positive correlation of δ13C with ambient temperature and ozone, as observed in the summer season. During winter, we observed an event with the lowest δ15N and highest δ13C values. The winter event occurred in prevailing southeast air masses. Although the higher δ13C values probably originated from biomass-burning particles, the lowest δ15N values were probably associated with agriculture emissions of NH3 under low-temperature conditions (< 0 ∘C).
29
Cantlon, John E. "John T. Curtis: Fifty Years of Wisconsin Plant Ecology.James S. Fralish , Robert P. McIntosh , Orie L. Loucks". Quarterly Review of Biology 70, n.º 3 (setembro de 1995): 356–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/419132.
Texto completo da fonte
30
Torres, Jesús M., Concepción Borja, Luis Gibert, Francesc Ribot e Enrique G. Olivares. "Twentieth-Century Paleoproteomics: Lessons from Venta Micena Fossils". Biology 11, n.º 8 (6 de agosto de 2022): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081184.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Proteomics methods can identify amino acid sequences in fossil proteins, thus making it possible to determine the ascription or proximity of a fossil to other species. Before mass spectrometry was used to study fossil proteins, earlier studies used antibodies to recognize their sequences. Lowenstein and colleagues, at the University of San Francisco, pioneered the identification of fossil proteins with immunological methods. His group, together with Olivares’s group at the University of Granada, studied the immunological reactions of proteins from the controversial Orce skull fragment (VM-0), a 1.3-million-year-old fossil found at the Venta Micena site in Orce (Granada province, southern Spain) and initially assigned to a hominin. However, discrepancies regarding the morphological features of the internal face of the fossil raised doubts about this ascription. In this article, we review the immunological analysis of the proteins extracted from VM-0 and other Venta Micena fossils assigned to hominins and to other mammals, and explain how these methods helped to determine the species specificity of these fossils and resolve paleontological controversies.
31
Gusnelly, Gusnelly, e Devi Riskianingrum. "PEMAGANGAN PEMUDA TANI INDONESIA KE JEPANG: PERIODE 1984-2016". Patra Widya: Seri Penerbitan Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya. 20, n.º 1 (14 de agosto de 2019): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52829/pw.v20i1.154.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Sektor pertanian memegang peranan penting dan strategis dalam pembangunan nasional. Walaupun telah menyumbang 14% dari PDB nasional pada tahun 2013, ternyata penyerapan tenaga kerja pertanian mengalami penurunan. Kenyataan yang harus diakui adalah generasi muda pedesaan memandang kehidupan pertanian sebagai kehidupan tanpa prospek masa depan yang cerah sehingga mereka memilih industri lain dan meninggalkan desa untuk bekerja di Kota sehingga menyisakan orang-orang tua untuk bekerja di pertanian. Oleh karena itu, pertanian Indonesia sedang mengalami krisis regenerasi petani sekaligus diiringi dengan tren aging agriculture. Sejak zaman Orde Baru, pemerintah nampaknya menyadari bahwa krisis petani sedang berlangsung dan harus segera menemukan solusi untuk mengatasinya. Oleh karena itu, melalui Kementerian Pertanian, menyusun sebuah program yang memagangkan petani muda dari desa ke Jepang yang bertujuan untuk peningkatan SDM pertanian, belajar teknologi pertanian modern yang selanjutnya diharapkan mampu menarik kembali minat generasi muda memasuki sektor pertanian. Dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dan studi literature serta wawancara mendalam kepada sejumlah alumni magang, tulisan ini berbicara mengenai pengalaman para petani muda Indonesia yang melakukan pemagangan ke Jepang, dampak paska pemagangan, dan pengetahuan yang di dapatkan di Jepang dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan usaha pertaniannya. Dari penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa maka etos kerja adalah salah satu ide dan perilaku yang umumnya bisa ditransformasikan kedalam kehidupan para alumni magang Jepang.
32
Beccai, Sara, e Lorenzo Lucherini Angeletti. "La solitudine incoercibile. Il caso di Matteo". PSICOBIETTIVO, n.º 1 (maio de 2023): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psob2023-001007.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In questo articolo viene presentato il caso clinico di un ragazzo di 15 anni con depressione e sintomi associati al lockdown per la pandemia Covid-19 che hanno portato a un tentativo suicidario. In precedenza, il ragazzo presentava già dei fattori di rischio come una scarsa rete sociale e una bassa tol- leranza alla frustrazione con conseguente disregolazione emotiva. L'isolamento ha determinato un aumento del senso di solitudine del ragazzo, incrementato dalla assenza dei genitori durante le giornate, la difficoltà della scuola a orga- nizzare le lezioni online e dalla mancanza di contatto con i nuovi compagni di classe. Tale sintomatologia, oltre ai fattori di mantenimento individuali, è mantenuta anche dalla difficoltà dei genitori a riconoscere e comprendere le emozioni del figlio e a supportarlo in modo adeguato. Per questo la terapia si è articolata in due fasi: una prima fase di terapia individuale (terapia cognitiva e Schema Therapy) e una seconda fase in cui sono stati coinvolti anche i genitori (protocollo ABFT).
33
Vigneau, Nathalie, Corentin Chéron, Aleixandre Verger e Frédéric Baret. "Imagerie aérienne par drone : exploitation des données pour l'agriculture de précision". Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n.º 213 (26 de abril de 2017): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2017.203.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
La technologie des drones devenant plus accessible et les réglementations nationales encadrant les vols des drones commençant à émerger, de nombreuses sociétés utilisent désormais des drones pour réaliser des acquisitions d'images.Parmi celles-ci AIRINOV a choisi de se spécialiser dans l'agriculture et offre ses services aux agriculteurs ainsi qu'aux expérimentateurs. AIRINOV exploite les drones eBee de senseFly. Le drone a une envergure d'1 m pour un poids de 700 g charge comprise et son vol est entièrment automatique. Le vol est programmé à l'avance puis contrôlé par unauto-pilote connecté à un capteur GPS et à une centrale inertielle embarqués. Ces capteurs enregistrent la position et l'attitude du drone pendant son vol, permettant de géolocaliser les images acquises. Une étude réalisée avec des cibles au sol a permis d'établir que le positionnement absolu des images est de 2,06 m. Toutefois, le recalage sur des points dont on connaît les coordonnées permet d'avoir un géoréférencement avec une précision centimétrique.En parallèle de l'utilisation des appareils photos classiques (RGB), AIRINOV utilise un capteur multispectral quadribande.Les longueurs d'onde de ce capteur sont modulables mais sont généralement vert, rouge, red edge et proche infra-rouge.Ces longueurs d'onde permettent non seulement le suivi d'indices de végétation tels que le NDVI mais également l'accès à des variables biochimiques et biophysiques par inversion d'un modèle de transfert radiatif. Une étude menée conjointement avec l'INRA d'Avignon et le CREAF permet d'accéder au Green Area Index (GAI) et au contenu en chlorophylle (Cab) sur colza, blé, maïs et orge. Cet article présente les résultats d'estimation du GAI avec une RMSE de 0,25 et de Cab avec une RMSE de 4,75 microgrammes/cm2.La qualité des estimations combinée à la forte capacité de revisite du drone ainsi qu'à la multiplicité des indicateurs disponibles démontre le grand intérêt du drone pour le phénotypage et le suivi de plateformes d'essais.
34
Gérard, Franck. "Le village lorrain, un outil de production au service d’une agriculture planifiée. L’exemple des sites de Vitry-sur-Orne (Xe-XVe siècle) et de Demange-aux-Eaux (IXe-XIIe siècle)". Archéologie du Midi médiéval 36, n.º 1 (2018): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/amime.2018.2173.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Until the rise of preventive archaeology, only geographers considered the village and homes as tools for sociological analysis of a society. However, their work only concerned archive documents as well as what can be seen of the village’s ancient origins today. Reflection on the village and home, which are keystones of rurality, only exceptionally included the periods preceding the 17th century, troubled times during which the very destructive Thirty Years War took place, leading to the disappearance of many villages in Lorraine. The multiplication of large-scale archaeological digs as well as more regular studies carried out in the heart of current villages have subsequently enabled archaeologists to spread knowledge beyond this historical barrier by uplifting a whole area of almost unknown history of villages and rural homes, whether today disappeared or still in the process of being remodelled…
35
Nhu, Viet-Ha, Ataollah Shirzadi, Himan Shahabi, Sushant K. Singh, Nadhir Al-Ansari, John J. Clague, Abolfazl Jaafari et al. "Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: A Comparison between Logistic Model Tree, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes Tree, Artificial Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine Algorithms". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 8 (16 de abril de 2020): 2749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082749.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Shallow landslides damage buildings and other infrastructure, disrupt agriculture practices, and can cause social upheaval and loss of life. As a result, many scientists study the phenomenon, and some of them have focused on producing landslide susceptibility maps that can be used by land-use managers to reduce injury and damage. This paper contributes to this effort by comparing the power and effectiveness of five machine learning, benchmark algorithms—Logistic Model Tree, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes Tree, Artificial Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine—in creating a reliable shallow landslide susceptibility map for Bijar City in Kurdistan province, Iran. Twenty conditioning factors were applied to 111 shallow landslides and tested using the One-R attribute evaluation (ORAE) technique for modeling and validation processes. The performance of the models was assessed by statistical-based indexes including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and area under the receiver operatic characteristic curve (AUC). Results indicate that all the five machine learning models performed well for shallow landslide susceptibility assessment, but the Logistic Model Tree model (AUC = 0.932) had the highest goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy, followed by the Logistic Regression (AUC = 0.932), Naïve Bayes Tree (AUC = 0.864), ANN (AUC = 0.860), and Support Vector Machine (AUC = 0.834) models. Therefore, we recommend the use of the Logistic Model Tree model in shallow landslide mapping programs in semi-arid regions to help decision makers, planners, land-use managers, and government agencies mitigate the hazard and risk.
36
Barsky, Deborah, Josep-María Vergès, Robert Sala, Leticia Menéndez e Isidro Toro-Moyano. "Limestone percussion tools from the late Early Pleistocene sites of Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Spain)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, n.º 1682 (19 de novembro de 2015): 20140352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0352.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In recent years, there is growing interest in the study of percussion scars and breakage patterns on hammerstones, cores and tools from Oldowan African and Eurasian lithic assemblages. Oldowan stone toolkits generally contain abundant small-sized flakes and their corresponding cores, and are characterized by their structural dichotomy of heavy- and light-duty tools. This paper explores the significance of the lesser known heavy-duty tool component, providing data from the late Lower Pleistocene sites of Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Spain), dated 1.4–1.2 Myr. Using quantitative and qualitative data from the large-sized limestone industries from these two major sites, we present a new methodology highlighting their morpho-technological features. In the light of the results, we discuss the shortfalls of extant classificatory methods for interpreting the role of percussive technology in early toolkits. This work is rooted in an experimental program designed to reproduce the wide range of percussion marks observed on the limestone artefacts from these two sites. A visual and descriptive reference is provided as an interpretative aid for future comparative research. Further experiments using a variety of materials and gestures are still needed before the elusive traces yield the secrets of the kinds of percussive activities carried out by hominins at these, and other, Oldowan sites.
37
Morelli, Raffaella, Daniela Bertoldi, Daniela Baldantoni e Roberto Zanzotti. "Labile, recalcitrant and stable soil organic carbon: comparison of agronomic management in a vineyard of Trentino (Italy)". BIO Web of Conferences 44 (2022): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224402007.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The intensive exploitation of agricultural land has caused a depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) and a decline in soil fertility, with a consequent decrease in the productivity of agroecosystems, also contributing to atmospheric GHG emissions. The ability of soil to storage organic carbon (OC) depends on its persistence and susceptibility to decomposition. SOC is generally partitioned into fractions differing in protection mechanisms and in turn decomposability. This study aimed to compare the OC pool repartition in soils managed with three different fertilization practices (mineral – CONV, manure – ORGM and green manure – ORG-GM) during a medium-term trial in vineyard, in order to understand the best solution in increasing C sequestration. The OC fractionation by acid hydrolysis allowed separating three fractions of OC: a labile, quickly mineralizable pool, a recalcitrant pool with a slower turnover and a stable pool protected by microbial attack. The results showed that the periodic application of organic matrices (manure and green manure), although did not increase total OC, enriched the soil along time with readily available OC, thus promoting the release of nutrients. Green manure has also been shown to promote the accumulation of stabilized OC, able to improve the structure of the soil and, therefore, its fertility.
38
Ramadhan, Syahri, e Saefur Rochmat. "MEDANESE NOVEL: HISTORY OF LITERATURES IN MEDAN CITY (1930—1965)/ROMAN MEDAN: SEJARAH KARYA SASTRA DI KOTA MEDAN (1930—1965)". Aksara 33, n.º 1 (12 de julho de 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v33i1.545.39-56.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
AbstractThis study aims to explain the history of the Medanese novels chronologically, starting from the development of the Medanese novels in the Dutch colonialism period to the old order, and the impact of Medanese novels to people in Medan. The sources of data are Medanese novels published from 1930 to 1965. Method used in this study was historic method studied through four stages as follows: (1) heuristic (to collect sources); (2) verification of data (to test validity of data); (3) interpretation; (4) historiography (writing). The data were analyzed by diachronic approach as a method in the length of time, but limited in space. The results of this study indicated that development of Medanese novels in Dutch colony time (from 1912 to 1942) experienced speedily progressing. Medanese novels were on its peak in 1930, until the term flood of romance emerged which was marked by the number of romances published. Medanese novels could compete against novels published by Balai Pustaka, a publisher previously established by the government of the Dutch colonialism. However, at time of the Japanese occupation (from 1942 to 1945), the Medanese novels experienced decreasing, even lost from distribution, and from early independence (from 1945 to 1950) to old order (from 1950 to 1966), the Medanese novels raised again, but the existence was unlike the previous. Moreover, the Medanese novels writing had impacts on social life in Medan, such as politic, education, social, and culture. Keywords: Medanese novels, history, literature, Medan AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sejarah perkembangan roman Medan secara kronologis, yang dimulai dari perkembangan roman Medan pada masa kolonial Belanda hingga orde lama, serta dampak penulisan roman Medan bagi masyarakat kota Medan. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah roman Medan terbitan tahun 1930—1965. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu metode sejarah yang dikaji melalui empat tahapan, meliputi (1) heuristik (pengumpulan sumber); (2) verifikasi data (menguji keabsahan sumber); (3) interpretasi (penafsiran); (4) historiografi (penulisan). Adapun analisis data menggunakan pendekatan diakronis yang merupakan suatu pendekatan yang memanjang dalam waktu, tetapi secara ruang terbatas. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan roman Medan pada masa kolonial Belanda (1912—1942) mengalami kemajuan yang begitu pesat. Roman Medan berada di puncak kejayaannya pada tahun 1930 hingga muncul istilah banjir roman yang ditandai dengan banyaknya roman yang terbit. Secara kuantitas roman Medan mampu bersaing dengan roman terbitan Balai Pustaka yang merupakan penerbit buku yang telah didirikan terlebih dahulu oleh pemerintah Belanda. Akan tetapi, pada masa pendudukan Jepang (1942—1945) roman Medan mengalami kemunduran bahkan hilang dari peredaran, dan pada masa awal kemerdekaan (1945—1950) hingga masa Orde Lama (1950—1966), roman Medan bangkit kembali, tetapi eksistensinya tidak seperti dahulu. Selain itu, penulisan roman Medan ini memiliki dampak terhadap kehidupan masyarakat Medan di antaranya dalam bidang politik, pendidikan, sosial, dan budaya. Kata kunci: roman Medan, sejarah, karya sastra, Medan
39
Gutiérrez, Alejandro, e José Anido. "Presentación Nº 50". Agroalimentaria 26, n.º 50 (2020): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53766/agroalim/2020.26.50.01.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Con el número 50 (enero-junio de 2020) la Revista Agroalimentaria formalmente arriba los 25 años ininterrumpidos de actividades de difusión y vulgarización de la investigación especializada. Fue en septiembre del año 1995 cuando vio la luz su Nº 1, una publicación impresa de 88 folios que abría con una contribución especial “Estrategias y políticas agroalimentarias en Venezuela. La importancia de la formación, la investigación y la concertación”, de Gérard Ghersi y que completaban 5 artículos científicos, 5 reseñas de libros y 2 notas institucionales. Abierta desde sus inicios a todos los investigadores del orbe en ciencias sociales relacionadas específicamente con estudios sobre la y alimentación, es hoy una publicación cuyo espectro de temas abarca también a la agricultura, la alimentación, el desarrollo rural, la nutrición y aquellos relacionados con el ambiente y la sustentabilidad de los sistemas alimentarios. Como celebración del 25º Aniversario y de manera análoga a lo ocurrido en el pasado con los hitos quinquenales, para este año 2020 en Agroalimentaria hemos decidido reivindicarlo en ambos números del Volumen: cada uno de ellos, además de su sección tradicional (constituida por tres manuscritos remitidos para su publicación regular), incluye una sección especial (en este número 50, conformada por 12 artículos), cuyos autores fueron convocados de manera extraordinaria para abordar temas y líneas de investigación relevantes en nuestra área y –de modo particular–, para países y regiones que habitualmente constituyen el núcleo de lectores de la Revista.
40
Mashuri, Mashuri. "TEMBANG SANDUR BOJONEGORO: KEKERASAN BUDAYA DAN ARKEOLOGI-GENEALOGI PENGETAHUAN/ TEMBANG SANDUR BOJONEGORO: CULTURAL VIOLENCE AND ARCHEOLOGY-GENEALOGY OF KNOWLEDGE". Aksara 33, n.º 2 (3 de janeiro de 2022): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v33i2.710.169-186.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
AbstrakPenelitian sandur, kesenian rakyat berupa drama tari di Desa Ledok Kulon, Kecamatan Bojonegoro, Kabupaten Bojonegoro sudah banyak, tetapi yang membicarakan tentang kekerasan budaya dan tembang sandur dalam kerangka arkeologi dan genealogi pengetahuan belum ditemukan. Hal itu karena kekerasan budaya menimpa seni tersebut karena imbas stigmatisasi sepihak pascatahun 1965—1966 yang menganggap sebagai kesenian rakyat yang berafiliasi ke PKI, dan pada masa puritanisme Islam menguat pada tahun 1990-an yang menganggap sandur tidak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam, padahal isi tembang-tembang sandur kontradiksi dengan stigma tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menguak aspek kekerasan budaya dengan menelusuri tembang sandur dari perspektif genealogi dan arkeologi pengetahuan dalam bingkai cultural studies. Teori yang digunakan adalah triangulasi teori, yaitu folklor, arkeo-genealogi pengetahuan, dan kesejarahan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) tembang-tembang sandur memiliki metrum puitika Jawa yang mengarah pada nyanyian anak-anak, dengan media bahasa Jawa lokal, dan menyimpan jejak kearifan lokal, etika, dan spiritual, (2) nilai-nilai Islam-Jawa menjadi ruh tembang-tembang sandur. Di dalamnya terdapat sinkretisme nilai-nilai Jawa dan Islam, (3) stigmatisasi sepihak pada Sandur Bojonegoro, baik oleh kalangan anti-komunis maupun puritanisme Islam, hanya melihat pada konteks kesejarahan Indonesia pada Orde Lama ketika politik menjadi panglima dan hanya melihat penampang permukaan semata tanpa mendalami unsur-unsur pembentuknya, ideologi, ajaran luhur, dan tradisi yang melahirkan seni sandur. Kata kunci:Sandur Bojonegoro, kekerasan budaya, arkeologi, genealogi pengetahuan AbstractThere are many researches on sandur, folk art in the form of dance dramas in Ledok Kulon Village, Bojonegoro District, Bojonegoro Regency, but those that talk about cultural violence and tembang sandurin the archaeological framework and genealogy of knowledge have not been found. This is because cultural violence befell the art because of the impact of unilateral stigmatization after 1965-1966 which considered it a folk art affiliated to the PKI, and during the period of strong Islamic puritanism in the 1990s, which considered sandur not in accordance with Islamic values, even though the contents tembang sandurcontradict this stigma. Therefore, this study uncovers aspects of cultural violence by tracing tembang sandurfrom the perspective of genealogy and knowledge archeology within the framework of cultural studies. The theory used is triangulation of folklore theory, archeology-genealogy of knowledge, and history. As a result, (1) the sandursongs have a Javanese poetic metre that leads to children's singing, with local Javanese language media, and keeps traces of local wisdom, ethics, and spirituality, (2) Javanese-Islamic values become the spirit of the tembang sandur. In it there is a syncretism of Javanese and Islamic values, (3) the unilateral stigmatization of SandurBojonegoro, both by anti-communists and Islamic puritans, only looks at the historical context of Indonesia in the Orde Lamawhen politics was the commander and only sees the surface without explore its constituent elements, ideology, noble teachings, and traditions that gave birth to the art of sandur. Keywords:SandurBojonegoro, cultural violence, archeology, genealogy of knowledge
41
Angella, Boneta, Riduansyah Riduansyah e Bambang Widiarso. "STUDI KARAKTERISTIK SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI JETAK PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI MELAWI KECAMATAN DEDAI KABUPATEN SINTANG". Perkebunan dan Lahan Tropika 12, n.º 2 (7 de dezembro de 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/plt.v12i2.60100.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Jetak watersheds is already in a critical state and undergo changes caused by industrial waste, household. This research aimed to study the characteristics of the Jetak watershed. Jetak sub watershed has an area of 18734.27 hectares located in District Dedai Sintang.This study was conducted at two observation points that were on the downstream and upstream conducted on 6 consecutive days and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory TSS Land Quality and Health Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tanjungpura.The results showed that the pattern of Jetak’s river pipeline that was dendritic pattern and it shaped like a bird feather. IKD value was 0.0143 km / km2 and included the low category while the transverse profile of the river at the downstream and the upstream parabolic square shaped. Orde the river consisted of 2 ordes and water quality with an average pH value in the upstream was 6.01 and on the downstream was 6.46, the temperature on the upstream side had an average value was 27,90C and downstream has an average value was 27,70C, the brightness on the upstream side has an average value was 75.5 cm and the downstream section has an average value was 96.08 cm. Flow rate at the downstream has an average value was 7.418 m3 / sec and the upstream section was 0.790 m3 / sec. Discharge curve (r) of downstream was 0.084 and upstream was 0.746 with R2 downstream was 0,007 and the upstream was 0.557. The concentration of suspended sediment downstream had an average vaue was 9.5 mg / liter and upstream was 8.33 mg / liter. Downstream sediment discharge has an average was 6.13 tons / day and upstream was 0.57 tons / day. Arch sediment downstream (r) is 0.864 with R2 was 0.746 and on the upstream side (r) was 0.031 with R2 was 0.001.Keywords: watershed, Jetak, characteristics
42
Sinaga, Rudi Salam, Puji Lestari, Khairunnisah Lubis e Agnita Yolanda. "TRANSFORMASI IDENTITAS SOSIAL PEREMPUAN TIONGHOA INDONESIA DARI KOMUNIKASI SOSIAL KE KOMUNIKASI POLITIK". Komunikologi: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Komunikasi dan Sosial 6, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/komunikologi.v6i1.12612.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
<p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p>Transformasi identitas sosial pada setiap ruang dan waktu memiliki penyebab tersendiri dalam perubahannya. Tulisan ini ingin mendapatkan pada keadaan seperti apa komunikasi sosial bergerak menjadi komunikasi politik dikalangan perempuan tionghoa Indonesia. Tulisan ini mencoba meringkas perjalanan sejarah pada empat era (pra-kemerdekaan, orde baru, reformasi dan pasca-reformasi) untuk merefleksikan keadaan tersebut. Penelitian kualitatif ditetapkan sebagai jenis penelitian dalam tulisan ini karena berkaitan dengan interaksi, perubahan dan proses pada kurun waktu tertentu. Studi pustaka dianggap jenis penelitian kualitatif yang relevan digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi. Data berasal dari telaah buku, artikel dan laporan penelitian yang relevan terhadap fokus penelitian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian di verifikasi kemudian dilakukan interpretasi untuk mendapatkan makna. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa pergeseran komunikasi sosial ke komunikasi politik terjadi untuk merespon keadaan tertentu dalam rangka adaptasi dan mengakomodasi perubahan jaman.</p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>The transformation of social identity in every space and time has its own causes in the changes. This paper wants to find out in what circumstances social communication moves into political communication among Indonesian Chinese women. This paper tries to summarize the history of the four eras (pre-independence, new order, reformation and post-reformation) to reflect this situation. Qualitative research is defined as a type of research in this paper because it deals with interactions, changes and processes over a certain period of time. Literature study is considered a relevant type of qualitative research used to obtain information. The data comes from a review of books, articles and research reports that are relevant to the research focus. The data obtained is then verified and then interpreted to get meaning. The results of the study found that the shift from social communication to political communication occurred to respond to certain circumstances in order to adapt and accommodate changing times.</em></p>
43
Forgacs, Gabor. "Cell and Molecular BiologyPhysical Biology of the Cell. By RobPhillips, JaneKondev, and JulieTheriot; illustrated by Nigel Orme; with problems, solutions, and editorial assistance of Hernan G. Garcia. Garland Science. New York: Taylor and Francis. $125.00 (paper). xxiv 807 p.; ill.; index. 9780815341635. 2009." Quarterly Review of Biology 84, n.º 3 (setembro de 2009): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/644694.
Texto completo da fonte
44
Marques, Lorena Sousa, Tarcisio Costa Lobato e Brena Nascimento Carvalho. "CONVERGENCE TO PARITY: THE ADMISSION OF WOMEN TO THE FORMAL LABOR MARKET IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY OF BELÉM - PA". Revista de Administração e Negócios da Amazônia 13, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2022): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18361/2176-8366/rara.v13n4p141-160.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
O mercado de trabalho formal passou por mudanças ao longo dos anos, ressignificando o papel da mulher e trazendo novas óticas ao processo produtivo. Este trabalho investiga a possível convergência para a igualdade de gênero nas admissões do mercado de trabalho formal rural da cidade de Belém. Com dados extraídos do CAGED no período de 2004 a 2019, utilizou-se o modelo sazonal autorregressivo integrado de médias móveis – SARIMA. Estimou-se, em média, que haverá igualdade nas admissões na capital do estado do Pará em um cenário otimista (09/2027), em média 09/2037 e pessimista 08/2053. Referências AGÉNOR, P.; CANUTO, O. (2015). Gender equality and economic growth in Brazil: A long-run analysis. Journal of Macroeconomics, 43, 155. AKAIKE, H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control., Boston, v.19, n.6, p.716-723, Dec. 1974. AKAIKE, H. Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In Proc. 2nd Inter. Symposium on Information Theory, pp. 267-281, Budapest. 1973. BAYLÃO, André Luis da Silva; SCHETTINO, Elisa Mara Oliveira. A inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. XI SEGeT-Simpósio de Excelência em Gestão e Tecnologia. Anais do XI Simpósio de Excelência em Gestão e Tecnologia. Resende-Rio de Janeiro, 2014. BARBOSA, Ana Luiza Neves de Holanda. Participação feminina no mercado de trabalho. Boletim Mercado de trabalho brasileiro. (Conjuntura e Análise nº 57). 2014. BARBOSA, Ana Luiza Neves de Holanda; COSTA, Joana Simões de Melo. Oferta de creche e participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho do Brasil. Boletim Mercado de Trabalho. (Conjuntura e Análise nº 62). 2017. BENERIA, Lourdes. Introducción. La mujer y el género sem la economia: sem panorama general. Gender, Development and Globalization. Copyright, 2004. BORDALO, C. A. Os caminhos da política: o sindicalismo rural e os movimentos de mulheres trabalhadoras rurais em Pernambuco. 2011. 158 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2011. BUENO, R. L. S. Econometria de séries temporais. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2011. 320p. CAMARGO, Thatianne Pinto. Os desafios encontrados na inserção da mulher no agronegócio. 2018. 41 f. TCC (Graduação) - Curso de Administração, Faculdade Evangélica de Jaraguá, Jaraguá, 2018. Disponível em: http://repositorio.aee.edu.br/bitstream/aee/1055/1/2018-1_TCC_CamargoThatiannePinto.pdf. Acesso em: 25 out. 2021. COSTA, J. S. M. Determinantes da participação feminina no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. 2007. Tese (Mestrado em Economia) – Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2007. DEERE, C. D. Os direitos da mulher à terra e os movimentos sociais rurais na reforma agrária brasileira. Estudos Feministas, Florianópolis, v. 12, n. 1, p. 175-204, jan./abr. 2004. DEERE, C. D. ; LEÓN, M.O empoderamento da mulher. Porto Alegre: Ed. da UFRGS, 2002. EHLERS, R. S. Análise de séries temporais. In: Notas de aula de séries temporais. São Paulo: USP, 2007. Disponível em: http://www.each.usp.br/rvicente/AnaliseDeSeriesTemporais.pdf. Elliott, G., Rothenberg, T. J. & Stock, J. H. Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root. Econometrica 64: 813-836, 1996. ESTIVAL, K. G. S. Reflexões sobre o trabalho das mulheres rurais no brasil na perspectiva da economia feminista. Revista Caribeña de Ciencias Sociales, v. 1, p. 12-20, 2014. FAO (Organização das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura e a Alimentação). (2011), O Estado Mundial de la Agricultura y la Alimentación. Roma, FAO, parte I. FARIA, Nalu; NOBRE, Miriam (Orgs.). Economia feminista. São Paulo: SOF, 2002. FAVA, V. Manual de econometria. In: VASCONCELOS, M. A. S.; D. São Paulo: Editora Atlas, 2000. FERREIRA, Pedro Guilherme Costa; MATTOS, Daiane Marcolino. Modelo SARIMA. In: Anna Carolina Barros et al. (org.). Análise de séries temporais em R: um curso introdutório. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2018. Cap. 4. p. 121-2143.
45
Palmqvist, Paul, e Alfonso Arribas. "Taphonomic decoding of the paleobiological information locked in a lower Pleistocene assemblage of large mammals". Paleobiology 27, n.º 3 (2001): 512–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0512:tdotpi>2.0.co;2.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The processes of fossilization have usually been perceived by paleontologists as destructive ones, leading to consecutive (and in most cases irretrievable) losses of paleobiological information. However, recent developments of conceptual issues and methodological approaches have revealed that the decrease in paleobiological information runs parallel to the gain of taphonomic information. This taphonomic imprinting often makes it possible to decode the fraction of paleobiological information that was lost during fossilization, and may also contribute new data for deciphering paleobiological information that was not originally preserved in the assemblage, such as paleoethology. A good example is the study of the macrovertebrate assemblage from the lower Pleistocene site at Venta Micena (Orce, southeastern Spain). Taphonomic analysis showed that the giant, short-faced hyenas (Pachycrocuta brevirostris) selectively transported ungulate carcasses and body parts to their maternity dens as a function of the mass of the ungulates scavenged. The fracturing of major limb bones in the dens was also highly selective, correlating with marrow content and mineral density. Important differences in bone-cracking intensity were related to which species the bones came from, which in turn biased the composition of the bone assemblage. The analysis of mortality patterns deduced for ungulate species from juvenile/adult proportions revealed that most skeletal remains were scavenged by the hyenas from carcasses of animals hunted by hypercarnivores, such as saber-tooths and wild dogs. Analytical study of the Venta Micena assemblage has unlocked paleobiological information that was lost during its taphonomic history, and has even provided paleobiological information that was not preserved in the original bone assemblage, such as the paleoethology of P. brevirostris, which differed substantially from modern hyenas in being a strict scavenger of the prey hunted by other carnivores.
46
Zahro, Septi Fatimatus, e Sandyanto Adityosulindro. "Literature Review: Penggunaan Bahan Berbasis Limbah Sebagai Adsorben untuk Degradasi Zat Warna pada Air Limbah". Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia 22, n.º 3 (15 de agosto de 2023): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.22.3.359-368.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Latar belakang: Penggunaan adsorben bahan limbah dari limbah pertanian, industri maupun bahan alam menjadi alternatif baru dalam pengolahan air limbah yang mengandung zat warna. Limbah ini dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan bagi makhluk hidup mulai dari alergi, cidera permanen, asma, bahkan kanker. Tujuan review artikel ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tren penelitian penggunaan adsorben dari bahan limbah dalam penyisihan zat warna serta informasi mengenai komposisi bahan, dan pengaplikasiannya sebagai potensi alternatif baru bahan adsorben dalam pengolahan limbah.Metode: Metode dalam penulisan review artikel ini dengan metode PRISMA 2020 menggunakan PRISMA checklist melalui 27 identifikator yang telah disediakan. Seleksi artikel dilakukan dengan beberapa kriteria dari tahun publikasi, kata kunci, klasifikasi bahan adsorben, serta artikel tentang adsorpsi secara umum sebagai pendukung. Artikel jurnal terpilih dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan sebanyak 28 artikel kemudian dilakukan pengkajian serta pembahasan lebih lanjut.Hasil: Hasil review artikel yang dikaji sebanyak 50% artikel yang memanfaatkan limbah pertanian sebagai adsorben, 18% artikel memanfaatkan limbah industri, dan 32% artikel memanfaatkan bahan alam. Pengkajian dilakukan menyeluruh mengenai metode pembuatan adsorben, komposisi bahan adsorben, kemampuan adsorpsi, studi kinetika dan studi isotherm adsorpsi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kemampuan adsorben bahan limbah sangat baik dengan efisiensi tertinggi hingga 99,95%. Metode pembuatan adsorben yang paling umum digunakan dengan aktivasi fisika. Model isotherm yang digunakan sebagian besar adalah Langmuir dengan kinetika adsorpsi pseudo orde kedua.Simpulan: Potensi pemanfaatan adsorben dari bahan limbah sangat besar, ditinjau dari persentase efisiensinya dan kelimpahan bahan baku. Dalam proses adsorpsinya dipengaruhi oleh kandungan bahan, luas permukaan, dan metode pembuatan adsorben. ABSTRACT Title: Literature Review: The Use of Waste Materials as Adsorbent for Degradation Dyes in WastewaterBackground: Industrial, agricultural, and natural dyes can now be treated with adsorbents. This wastewater can cause allergies, serious wounds, asthma, and cancer. This article review discusses current research trends in using waste materials as dye removal adsorbents and their composition and possible usage as new, alternative adsorbents in the waste treatment sector.Method: This article review used PRISMA 2020 with 27 identifiers and the checklist. Articles were selected by year, keywords, adsorbent material categorization, and adsorption in general. Following 28 article requirements, selected journal articles were researched and discussed.Result: The analysis of the articles found that 32% of the articles used natural materials, 18% of the articles used industrial waste, and 50% of the articles used agricultural waste as an adsorbent. The process for creating adsorbents, the make-up of adsorbent materials, adsorption capacity, kinetic studies, and adsorption isotherm studies were all thoroughly evaluated. The study's findings demonstrate that waste materials have excellent adsorbent properties, with the highest efficiency reaching up to 99.95%. Physical activation is the most widely used adsorbent preparation technique. Most of the isotherm models in use have pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics and are Langmuir.Conclusion: Given the percentage of efficiency and the abundance of raw materials, there is a very large potential for using adsorbents made from waste materials. The adsorbent's surface area, material composition, and manufacturing process all have an impact on the adsorption process.
47
W. H., Haslinda, Tang J. Y. H. e Tuan Zainazor T. C. "Molecular Characterization of Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Isolated from Salad Vegetables in Terengganu, Malaysia". Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 19, n.º 2 (18 de abril de 2023): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n1.2799.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Salad vegetables are the important sources of vitamins and minerals for human diet. However, salad vegetables are potential vehicles for non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS) as reported in our previous study. Such contamination posed significant food poisoning risk to consumer. The aims of present study include determination of the virulence genes prevalence in NTS isolates in samples from retail markets and farms. Besides, characterization of NTS isolates was performed to determine their genetic relatedness. Multiplex PCR assay was done to detect the presence of 15 virulence genes in 58 NTS isolates. The genetic relatedness of 33 NTS belonging to S. Weltevreden, S. Albany, S. Hvittingfoss, S. Aberdeen, S. Poona and S. Corvallis were characterized using ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR typing methods. Results showed the presence of 13 virulence genes (spiA, pagC, msgA, invA, sipB, prgH, spaN, orgA, tolC, sitC, lpfC, sifA and sopB) among all the isolates with 53 (91.38%) isolates carried more than 11 virulence genes, while other five isolates carried the genes in the range of six to nine types. None of the isolates possessed spvB and pefA genes. Major clusters were observed at a genetic distance percentage of 90% for both ERIC- and BOX-PCR with discriminatory index of 0.917 and 0.873, respectively. In terms of source and type of sample, all NTS isolates were found diverse without clear association, thus no specific cluster was found. In summary, this study demonstrated the potential risks of NTS from salad vegetables to cause foodborne diseases and they were commonly found to be related with regard to their specific serovars.
48
J. Toman, Mihael, Igor Plotnikov, Nikolai Aladin, Philip Micklin e Zaualkhan Ermakhanov. "Vrstna pestrost, sedanje ekološko stanje Aralskega jezera in njegov vpliv na prihodnji razvoj". Acta Biologica Slovenica 58, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2015): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.58.1.15601.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The Aral sea used to be the fourth largest lake in the world. Its catchment area is huge, two main rivers (Amu Darya and Syr Darya) feed the lake. The balance of hydrological regime changed drastically after 1960 due to regulation of both main rivers and diversion of water for agricultural irrigation and intense cotton production. Salinity increased and most of invertebrate and fish species disappeared. A significant drop of water level has been recorded in the past 20 years and Aral Lake is presently divided into a small northern lake basin and a larger south basin. Kokaral dam construction resulted in increased water level and decreased salinity. Many invertebrate species reappeared in Small Aral and fish returned from Syr Darya river. Ecological situation in Large Aral is different, eastern part of this basin is completely dried out. The data on salinity levels, some chemical characteristics and above all the data about zooplankton, zoobenthos and fish in Small Aral have been recorded and presented in the article. Salinity ranges between 1 and 8 g/L, the lowest is near the river inlet. Five species of zooplankton (Keratella quadrata, Brachionus plicatilis, Evadne anonyx, Calanipeda aquaedulcis, Cyclops vicinus) and rotifers from the genus Synchaeta are very abundant, ten species are less numerous and seven summer species very rare. Different zoobenthos species are present, but only four abundant (Hediste diversicolor, Chironomus plumosus, Syndosmya segmentum and Cyprideis torosa). Zoobenthos mainly consist of Polychaeta, Mollusca, Crustacea and Diptera. The highest diversity was found near the Kokaral dam. Many fish species are commercially important: 14 of them are abundant, including endemic bream Abramis brama orientalis, Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis, carp Cyprinus carpio aralensis, and Aral roach Rutilus rutilus aralensis. White-eye bream Abramis sapa aralensis, silver carp Hypophtalmichthys molitrix, orfe Leuciscus idus oxianus, and snakehead Channa argus warpachowskii are less numerous. Aral barbel Barbus brachycephalus brachycephalus and Turkestan barbel Barbus capito conocephalus remain very rare. It can be concluded that significant positive changes occurred after Kokaral dam construction. Particularly, biocenoses and the Aral lake environment have been improved and fisheries returned. Today Kazakhstan Government is discussing an idea to improve this dam and dike and we support this discussion and advise to make it higher. All can lead to improve ecological state of the Small Aral.
49
Busuiok, Diana. "Mediation and termination of the lease agreement of the land share in case of its allocation in kind on the ground". Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2020): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.4.2020.59.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The article states that the legal regulation of land turnover requires their individualization. Therefore, in practice there is allocationof land shares (units) in kind on the ground. In this regard, the question still arises as to what happens to the land lease agreementin the case of allocation of land share - is it subject to termination or re-conclusion?It is noted that such disputes should be resolved not only in court, but also out of court – the order of mediation. Mediation shouldnot only take into account the interests of the parties to the land dispute and their needs, but also rely on current legislation on the issueand the practice of resolving such disputes by the Supreme Court. There is a need to determine the legislation on this issue and possibleapproaches to resolving such disputes through mediation.Determinants in the introduction of land share are the Decree of the President of Ukraine “On urgent measures to accelerate landreform in the field of agricultural production” of November 10, 1994 № 666/94 and the Decree of the President of Ukraine “On thedist ribution of land transferred to collective ownership of agricultural enterprises and organizations” of August 8, 1995 № 720 / 95.Despite the generally accepted fact in the theory of law that the object of turnover can only be individually identified property inthe transitional provisions of the Law of Ukraine “Land Lease” of October 6, 1998 № 161-XIV contains provisions according to whichcitizens – holders of certificates for the right to land share before allocating them in kind (on the ground) land have the right to enterinto lease agreements for agricultural land, the location of which is determined taking into account the requirements of rational orga -nization territory and compactness of land use, in accordance with these certificates in compliance with the Law of Ukraine “LandLease”.After allocating land in kind (on the ground) to the owners of land shares (units), the land lease agreement is renegotiated inaccordance with the state act on land ownership on the same terms as previously concluded, and may be changed only by agreementof the parties. Termination of the lease agreement is allowed only in cases specified by the Law of Ukraine “Land Lease”.The list of grounds for termination of the land lease agreement is not exhaustive. Cases of termination of the land lease agreement(share) may be provided by another law. However, the allocation of land on the basis of land share in kind on the ground as a basis fortermination of obligations of the parties is not provided by law, but in the order of the State Committee of Ukraine for Land Resources“Approval of the Standard Lease Agreement share” dated January 17, 2000 № 5.This inconsistency between these two acts, so different in their legal force, in practice leads to disputes over the grounds for terminationof the lease of land share in the event of its allocation.In this regard, in the Resolution of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court of September 1, 2020, case № 233/3676/19, a correspondingposition was expressed.Examining the above acts, we identified certain shortcomings in determining the grounds for termination of the lease of land(shares). Such uncertainty provokes land disputes.
In order to improve the legal regulation of leased land relations, it is necessary to harmonize the legal requirements of differentlegal acts and enshrine in the Law of Ukraine “Land Lease” such grounds for termination of land lease as the allocation of land sharein kind on the ground.In order to effectively mediate land disputes, this inconsistency should be kept in mind in the following cases:1) when conducting contractual mediation, which will consist in concluding a land lease agreement (share) and agreeing on thegrounds for termination of this agreement. Such mediation will be aimed at preventing disputes over the grounds for termination ofsuch an agreement in the future;2) during the mediation of a dispute regarding the termination of the land lease agreement (share) in the case of its allocation inkind on the ground.
50
Lawrence, J. R., M. R. Chenier, R. Roy, D. Beaumier, N. Fortin, G. D. W. Swerhone, T. R. Neu e C. W. Greer. "Microscale and Molecular Assessment of Impacts of Nickel, Nutrients, and Oxygen Level on Structure and Function of River Biofilm Communities". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, n.º 7 (julho de 2004): 4326–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.4326-4339.2004.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
ABSTRACT Studies were carried out to assess the influence of nutrients, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and nickel (Ni) on river biofilm development, structure, function, and community composition. Biofilms were cultivated in rotating annular reactors with river water at a DO concentration of 0.5 or 7.5 mg liter−1, with or without a combination of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CNP) and with or without Ni at 0.5 mg liter−1. The effects of Ni were apparent in the elimination of cyanobacterial populations and reduced photosynthetic biomass in the biofilm. Application of lectin-binding analyses indicated changes in exopolymer abundance and a shift in the glycoconjugate makeup of the biofilms, as well as in the response to all treatments. Application of the fluorescent live-dead staining (BacLight Live-Dead staining kit; Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.) indicated an increase in the ratio of live to dead cells under low-oxygen conditions. Nickel treatments had 50 to 75% fewer ‘live’ cells than their corresponding controls. Nickel at 0.5 mg liter−1 corresponding to the industrial release rate concentration for nickel resulted in reductions in carbon utilization spectra relative to control and CNP treatments without nickel. In these cases, the presence of nickel eliminated the positive influence of nutrients on the biofilm. Other culture-dependent analyses (plate counts and most probable number) revealed no significant treatment effect on the biofilm communities. In the presence of CNP and at both DO levels, Ni negatively affected denitrification but had no effect on hexadecane mineralization or sulfate reduction. Analysis of total community DNA indicated abundant eubacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), whereas Archaea were not detected. Amplification of the alkB gene indicated a positive effect of CNP and a negative effect of Ni. The nirS gene was not detected in samples treated with Ni at 0.5 mg liter−1, indicating a negative effect on specific populations of bacteria, such as denitrifiers, resulting in a reduction in diversity. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that CNP had a beneficial impact on biofilm bacterial diversity at high DO concentrations, but none at low DO concentrations, and that the negative effect of Ni on diversity was similar at both DO concentrations. Notably, Ni resulted in the appearance of unique bands in 16S rDNA from Ni, DO, and CNP treatments. Sequencing results confirmed that the bands belonged to bacteria originating from freshwater and marine environments or from agricultural soils and industrial effluents. The observations indicate that significant interactions occur between Ni, oxygen, and nutrients and that Ni at 0.5 mg liter−1 may have significant impacts on river microbial community diversity and function.