Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Organismes marins – Effets de la pollution"
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Leistenschneider, David. "Physical and chemical toxicity of microplastics on marine organisms". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS283.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this PhD thesis is to better decipher the chemical and physical impact of plastic on marine organisms. Plastic chemical toxicity either originates from the leaching of plastics chemicals or through the adsorption of pollutants at plastic surfaces. Since leaching experiments in the literature were performed with short leaching time, leaching until 8 months was performed. The subsequent toxicity and inorganic composition of the leachates were analyzed. Pollutants adsorption on plastic surfaces was mainly studied in laboratories and focused on the marine environment. Therefore, an in situ experiment, along nine European rivers, was realized in order to observe the depth of inorganic and organic pollutants adsorption and their subsequent toxicity. Articles assessing the physical impact of plastic often use concentrations decorrelated from the environment. Therefore, a chronic experiment with environmentally relevant concentrations and shape of microplastics was performed in order to better decipher their current toxicity in the environment
Arpin-Pont, Lauren. "Les produits pharmaceutiques et de soin personnel en milieu marin : prédiction des concentrations environnementales et étude des effets sur le métabolisme endogène d’organismes exposés". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS172/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe last twenty years, the issue of PPCP contamination of the marine environment caused a growing concern among scientific community. PPCP enter the environment mainly through wastewater treatment plants (WTP), not able to remove completely these substances. The first objective of the thesis was to assess the current state of knowledge on the PPCP occurrence in the different compartments of the marine environment (seawater, sediments and organisms) through a literature review. The contamination of the marine environment is generally assessed by “one-time” measures in situ. However, such monitoring campaigns are time-consuming and costly. Some approaches based on the determination of the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) could be applied alternatively or complementarily to in situ measures. The PEC calculation is the first step of environmental risk assessment (ERA), to assess the exposure of non target organisms to these substances. However, this estimation needs to be refined to be accurate, by integrating site-specific information. The second aim of the thesis was to propose refined PEC calculation methodologies of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in a coastal zone using an adapted hydrodynamic model. Two model compounds were chosen, carbamazepine and venlafaxine. In order to assess the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals, it is needful to assess their effects on organisms. Nowadays, few ecotoxicological data are available on marine organisms, contrary to freshwater organisms. Regulatory concept of ERA is often based on a set of short term standard tests carried out at high concentrations. Other tests, implemented at lower organizational levels, are more sensitive to low exposure levels and are more relevant for the marine risk assessment. The last objective was to study the effects of diclofenac on PG production, based on its mode of action, on marine mussels exposed
Ghosn, Micheline. "Chemical contamination in different marine organisms along the Lebanese coast : Environmental implications and health risks". Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0552.
Texto completo da fonteGlobal food fish consumption has been in continuous increase and fishery products have become some of the most traded items in the world. However, the quality of these products is becoming an issue of concern to human health with the increase of anthropogenic activities threatening marine coastal ecosystems. Therefore, despite the well-known health benefits of fishery products, their consumption may be a route of human exposure to different kinds of chemical contaminants including trace elements. In this context, evaluating the contamination levels in these products and the risks they may engender to human health proves to be a necessity in the absence of local guidelines and monitoring programs. Thus, the thesis has 2 main objectives: i) the evaluation of environmental quality through marine organisms and, ii) the assessment of health risks related to the consumption of a selection of fishery products.The first objective was to study the levels of metallic contaminants (20 trace elements) in six marine species from different trophic levels of a food web (algae, mussel, shrimp and fish), representative of Lebanese coastal waters. The results showed that species accumulated metals differently underlining the importance of a multi-specific approach to reflect the contamination level of a certain site. Inter-site variations have been found mainly during the rainy period of the year while they were less prominent during the dry season, highlighting the effect of land-based sources and riverine effluents on the marine coastal area. Levels of trace elements in the muscles and edible tissues in species from our study, were similar to the ones reported in the Eastern Mediterranean (Levantine Basin) whereas livers showed higher levels compared to other studies suggesting that the Lebanese coast is exposed to strong environmental pressure. The second objective was to evaluate the health risks related to the consumption of different fishery products sampled along the Lebanese coast. In this prospect, five commonly consumed local species belonging to different compartments of the food chain, (1 bivalve, 1 crustacean and 3 fish species) sampled from three sites with different levels of anthropogenic pressures were selected. The samples were all analyzed for their content of trace elements. Metals such as mercury (Hg) are found in several chemical forms, the most toxic form being methylmercury (MeHg). The main route of human exposure to MeHg is the consumption of fishery products. That’s why, a method for the speciation of mercury in fishery products by HPLC-ICP-MS was optimized and validated based on an accuracy profile. The results showed that the levels of trace elements and MeHg in the selected species were all below the allowed maximum levels set by the European commission and so their consumption is not likely to cause any adverse effects to human health
Arpin-Pont, Lauren. "Les produits pharmaceutiques et de soin personnel en milieu marin : prédiction des concentrations environnementales et étude des effets sur le métabolisme endogène d’organismes exposés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS172.
Texto completo da fonteThe last twenty years, the issue of PPCP contamination of the marine environment caused a growing concern among scientific community. PPCP enter the environment mainly through wastewater treatment plants (WTP), not able to remove completely these substances. The first objective of the thesis was to assess the current state of knowledge on the PPCP occurrence in the different compartments of the marine environment (seawater, sediments and organisms) through a literature review. The contamination of the marine environment is generally assessed by “one-time” measures in situ. However, such monitoring campaigns are time-consuming and costly. Some approaches based on the determination of the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) could be applied alternatively or complementarily to in situ measures. The PEC calculation is the first step of environmental risk assessment (ERA), to assess the exposure of non target organisms to these substances. However, this estimation needs to be refined to be accurate, by integrating site-specific information. The second aim of the thesis was to propose refined PEC calculation methodologies of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in a coastal zone using an adapted hydrodynamic model. Two model compounds were chosen, carbamazepine and venlafaxine. In order to assess the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals, it is needful to assess their effects on organisms. Nowadays, few ecotoxicological data are available on marine organisms, contrary to freshwater organisms. Regulatory concept of ERA is often based on a set of short term standard tests carried out at high concentrations. Other tests, implemented at lower organizational levels, are more sensitive to low exposure levels and are more relevant for the marine risk assessment. The last objective was to study the effects of diclofenac on PG production, based on its mode of action, on marine mussels exposed
Bocquené, Gilles. "L'acetylcholinesterase, marqueur de neurotoxicite. Application a la surveillance des effets biologiques des polluants chez les organismes marins". Paris, EPHE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPHE3008.
Texto completo da fonteMathieu, Anne. "Variations des activités de biotransformation chez les poissons marins : application à la surveillance biologique de l'environnement". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30046.
Texto completo da fonteBado-Nilles, Anne. "Effets de pollutions par hydrocarbures sur les capacités de défense d'organismes marins". La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS254.
Texto completo da fonteThe effects of PAHs, considered among the most toxic by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, were tested in vitro and in vivo on two commercial species of the Pertuis-Charentais (Charente-Maritime, France): sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. This study was carried out as part of the European project EROCIPS with the aim of finding new immunological biomarkers caused by occasional pollution by hydrocarbons. During in vitro experimentation, pollutants and immunological biomarkers were choosen. Thereafter, the in vitro exposures to the soluble fraction of Erika’s heavy fuel oil and its fluxant, light cycle oil, began. These exposures enable the validation of the experimental system used, with, in particular, the measurement of bioaccumulated PAHs and metabolites and of choice of the immune biomarkers. The phenoloxidase activity of molluscs and the haemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway of fish were proposed, for the first time, as suitable biomarkers for the evaluation of pollutant risks in field conditions
Galli, Matteo. "Development, harmonizing and application of innovative methodologies for the study of the presence and effects of marine litter on organisms in Mediterranean marine protected areas within the Plastic Busters MPAs project". Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1203386.
Texto completo da fonteYu, Pui-shan, e 余珮珊. "The potential for using biomonitoring in the Hong Kong marine environment". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253611.
Texto completo da fonteRenaud, Florent. "Accumulation, distribution, transformation et élimination par certains organismes marins côtiers d'un agent tensioactif anionique : le sulfonate d'alkylbenzene linéaire (LAS)". La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS228.
Texto completo da fonteLAS (Linear alkylbenzene Sulfonate) represent the group of synthetic surfactants that is most wide spread in detergent formulation and is used in most household (cleaning?) products. With more than one million tonnes produced annually, surfactants are largely disposed of in waste water and have been discharged into the aquatic environment with effluent for over 40 years. The fate of LAS in the marine environment is not well understood and the risk for organisms is thought to be negligible. Before drawing a contamination map of Mediterranean coasts by using existing biomonitoring programs, it is necessary to understand how marine species deal with LAS. This focus of this thesis is on characterising LAS bioaccumulation and elimination kinetics under controlled laboratory conditions, for organisms representative of the North-Occidental Mediterranean coast. Tested species come from different trophic levels: 5 species of microalgae, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the sea bream Sparus aurata. Results show LAS accumulation in all organisms exposed to natural concentration observed in the environment (< 10 µg l-1). Accumulation varies according to biotic (weight or physiological stat of organisms) and abiotic (temperature or exposure concentration). LAS are accumulated heterogeneously in organs and mainly in visceral mass or gall bladder. Whatever the contamination pathway (food or waterborne exposure) elimination from the body is fast when animals are placed in normal conditions
Mostert, Bruce Petrus. "Responses of intertidal macroalgae and associated fauna to interactive processes acting over multiple spatial scales". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013370.
Texto completo da fonteJacob, Hugo. "Effet des microplastiques sur les jeunes stades de vie des poissons marins". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP075.
Texto completo da fonteEnvironmental plastic pollution is a major ecological and societal concern today. Over the last 10 years, a broad range of laboratory and experimental studies have complemented field observations in the hope of achieving a better understanding of the fate and impact of micro- and/or nano-plastics (MP/NP) on diverse organisms (e.g. birds, fish and mammals). However, plastic pollution remains challenging to monitor in the environment and to control under laboratory conditions, and plastic particles are often naturally or experimentally co-contaminated with diverse chemical pollutants. In fish, the most significant effects reported after exposure to MP / NP were observed on behavioral and neurological functions, intestinal permeability, metabolism and intestinal microbiome diversity. However, plastic pollution remains difficult to quantify in the environment and to control in the laboratory, and plastic particles are often co-contaminated naturally or experimentally with various chemical pollutants. Therefore, studies on the behavioral and physiological effects associated with ingestion of virgin MP / NP in early life stages of marine fish are still few at present. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to study the effects of two types of plastic frequently encountered in the marine environment, namely polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS), in the form of microplastics (from 10 to 100 μm), on the early life stages of marine fish, known to be particularly sensitive to environmental stresses. Thus, larvae and juveniles of different model fish species (Tropical: Acanthurus triostegus and Temperate: Sparus Aurata) were selected. Several physiological and behavioral parameters were studied after exposure to MP via different pathways (water and food) in various experiments on these model species. Current results do not show any marked effects of this stressor at environmental concentrations, however some results, such as increased mortality and metabolic disturbances, at higher doses, show toxicity following ingestion of these particles. Thus, this thesis reveals that the toxicity of virgin PM / NP on fish should be evaluated more systematically using rigorous laboratory methods, in order to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity to fish
Burgeot, Thierry. "L'ethoxyresorufine-o-deethylase, les adduits a l'adn et les micronuclei dans les organismes marins. Application a la surveillance des effets biologiques sur les cotes francaises". Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2108.
Texto completo da fonteDjomo, Jean-Emmanuel. "Ecotoxicité en eau douce de certains hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) majeurs d'un pétrole brut : effets sur quelques organismes aquatiques tests". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30016.
Texto completo da fonteNARDI, ALESSANDRO. "Indirect effects of climate changes: role of ocean warming and acidification on the susceptibility to environmental contamination in marine organisms". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245424.
Texto completo da fonteGrowing anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide are driving ocean warming and acidification, which represent a threat for marine ecosystems integrity. These changes may particularly affect marine organisms that are already coping with other stressors in the marine environment, as high levels of anthropogenic pollution in coastal areas. Changes of temperature and pH could influence inorganic pollutants speciation, bioavailability, bioaccumulation and biological effects in marine organisms. Despite the growing concern and the increased scientific literature available, possible effects of interactions of these multiple stressors are still poorly understood. The main objective of this research activity was to investigate the effects of concomitant higher temperature and reduced pH on the bioaccumulation of cadmium, as a typical inorganic pollutant, and on metal-induced biological effects, measured at low molecular and cellular level. Our aim was to elucidate possible differences in organisms from different ecosystems, in different species from the same ecosystem, in different seasons and tissues, and on different cellular mechanisms. In this respect, three bivalve species were chosen as model indicators species, namely the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the smooth scallop Flexopecten glaber. A wide range of biological responses were analyzed in digestive gland and gills, including metal-binding proteins, single antioxidant defenses, total oxyradical scavenging capacity and accumulation of peroxidation products; immune system parameters and onset of genotoxic damages were also measured in haemocytes. Obtained results showed species-specific effects, with differences in organisms from ecosystems with different natural or anthropogenic pressure; seasonality represented an additional variable on organisms’ responsiveness largely influenced by metabolic and physiological features of various tissues. Overall, this work contributed to the growing knowledge on the effects of multiple stressors on the health status of marine organisms.
Deviller, Geneviève. "Traitement par lagunage à haut rendement algal (LHRA) des effluents piscicoles marins recyclés : évaluation chimique et ecotoxicologique". Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13521.
Texto completo da fonteTsui, Man-leung, e 徐文亮. "Biological monitoring and its value in assessing the marine environment of Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125357X.
Texto completo da fontePeters, Joseph Richard. "Pharmaceutical Contaminants as Stressors on Rocky Intertidal and Estuarine Organisms: a Case Study of Fluoxetine". PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2729.
Texto completo da fonteSonko, Amidou. "Dignostic écotoxicologique de la pollution marine au Sénégal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORIS643.
Texto completo da fonteWe studied the marine pollution of the sediments and coastal waters of the Cape Verde peninsula and the Petite Côte. The results show that the perception of the population is not always in line with scientific observations. The population reports a mainly moderate level of pollution, which has worsened over the last ten years. The majority of the sites studied do not comply with the microbiological quality of bathing water from a microbiological point of view. The quantities of microplastics at some sites are high. Macroplastics at sea are not significantly present at all the sites sampled. For TMEs only chromium and nickel are above the probable effect concentration (PEC) on marine organisms for the fraction ≤ 100 μm. The first trophic levels of the marine food chain do not seem to be affected by sediment toxicity, whereas the middle and upper levels are more affected. The majority (81%) of the sites studied revealed a level of ecotoxicity greater than 20%, via the Magallana gigas embryotoxicity test, which is known to be more sensitive than other bioassays. Consequently, the assessment of the toxicity of marine sediments shows that the majority of the selected sites appear to be in a poor ecotoxicological state. The inter-site variability of the results is due to the characteristics of the sites
Chabas, Anne. "Rôle de l'environnement atmosphérique marin dans la dégradation des marbres et du granite de Delos (Cyclades - Grèce)". Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120052.
Texto completo da fonteParat, Sylvie. "Étude des relations entre climatisation, micro-organismes aéroportés et santé : une approche médicale, métrologique et technique". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE19010.
Texto completo da fonteDai, Jun. "Effets de la localisation et de la spéciation des métaux lourds sur leur impact biologique dans des sols pollués du Nord de la France". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066080.
Texto completo da fonteMasbou, Jérémy. "Étude des processus métaboliques, écologiques et biogéochimiques contrôlant le fractionnement isotopique du Hg chez les mammifères marins de l'Arctique". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3093/.
Texto completo da fonteSince the discovery of atmospheric Hg depletion events (AMDE) in the Arctic, the Polar Regions have become key in understanding the Hg global cycle. The impact of Hg on human health depends on both Hg concentration and chemical form. In particular, monomethylmercury (MMHg) is a potent neurotoxin. High MMHg concentrations are observed in Arctic top predators due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes in the food webs. Hence, the characterization of the transformations leading to the formation (methylation) and the degradation (demethylation) of MMHg is of great concern to assess its fate and impact in aquatic ecosystems. In this context, we present an environmental study on three Arctic bio-indicators: the ringed seal (Pusa hispida), the beluga whale (Delphinaperus leucas) and the polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Hg isotope analysis of the bio-indicator liver tissues show both mass dependent isotope fractionation (MDF, delta202Hg) and mass independent fractionation (MIF, delta199Hg). While the changes in d202Hg are widely linked to in vivo metabolic processes, the time trend (1988-2002, Pusa hispida) and the latitudinal gradient (60°N-71°N, Delphinaperus leucas) observed for ?199Hg signatures suggests the influence of sea ice cover on the Arctic biogeochemical Hg cycle. In a second part of this dissertation, we propose a novel and promising molecular approach with the first measurements of the isotopic compositions of Hg and carbon on the MMHg molecule in biological samples. These results are very promising for tracing MMHg origin in aquatic environments
Paul-Pont, Ika. "Sensibilité et adaptation de populations de bivalves marins soumis à des stress multiples : infestation parasitaire, contamination microbienne et pollution métallique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14008/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn coastal ecosystems, man-mediated activity and natural context induce a ?multistress? situation in aquatic organisms. Amongst potential perturbation sources, three of them were studied: metal contamination, bacterial infection and parasite infestation. An integrated approach of their interactions on genetic, protein, cellular and population dynamics responses in the cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) was undertaken through field and laboratory studies. A two-years monitoring was conducted in four bivalve populations from different environments to estimate the fitness of populations (parameters of population dynamics), in relation with the baseline levels of stressors (metals, parasites) and with the adaptive responses implemented by bivalves in terms of detoxification and immunity. This approach allowed describing different scenarii concerning the relationship between bivalve populations and their environment. In laboratory, co-infection experiments (trematode parasite Himasthla elongata, bacteria Vibrio tapetis) were conducted on these populations in controlled condition with or without metal contamination (cadmium). They showed that the response of bivalves to stress is species-dependent. Combinations were not intuitively deduced from the "mono - stress" responses underscoring the concept of interactions. Despite the complexity and diversity of these interactions, some mechanisms predominated regardless of the studied species. While parasite infestation was not modulated by the presence of metal or bacteria in the environment, metal bioaccumulation in turn was strongly influenced by the presence of one or several pathogens. Beyond disrupting the accumulation of pollutants, the presence of pathogens interfered with the cellular detoxification mechanisms including impairment of the metallothionein (MT) synthesis. A focus on the response of MT in cockles exposed to a metal through the expression of isoform Cemt1 and protein synthesis confirmed the complementary of these observations (gene and protein). They also highlighted the need to analyze responses at different scales to obtain an overview of existing interactive process between pollutants and pathogens. Strong interactions were found: ?Cd x parasite? in the cockle and" bacteria x parasite "in the clam, at the genetic, protein and immune levels. Finally, these experiments highlighted the important role of life history on the sensitivity of organisms to pollutant-pathogen interactions
Ioannidis, Eleftherios. "Local and remote sources of Arctic air pollution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03889862.
Texto completo da fonteThe Arctic region is warming faster than any other region on Earth due to the effect of greenhouse gases, notably CO2, and short-lived climate forcers of anthropogenic origin, such as black carbon (BC). Over the last 20-30 years, remote anthropogenic emissions over mid-latitude regions have been decreasing. Anthropogenic emissions within the Arctic are also contributing and might increase in the future and further affect Arctic air pollution and climate. Natural emissions, such as sea-spray aerosols, also might increase due to on-going climate change. However, the processes and sources influencing Arctic aerosols and trace gases are poorly quantified, especially in wintertime. In this thesis, quasi-hemispheric and regional simulations are performed using the Weather Research Forecast model, coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). The model is used to investigate atmospheric composition over the wider Arctic and during two field campaigns, one in northern Alaska at Barrow, Utqiagvik in January and February 2014 and the second in Fairbanks, central Alaska in November and December 2019 during the French pre-ALPACA (Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis) campaign. First, modelled inorganic and sea-spray (SSA) aerosols are evaluated at remote Arctic sites during wintertime. Then, the model is improved with respect to SSA treatments, following evaluation against Barrow field campaign data, and their contribution to the total aerosol burden within the Arctic region is quantified. A series of sensitivity runs are performed over northern Alaska, revealing model uncertainties in processes influencing SSA in the Arctic such as the presence of sea-ice and open leads. Second, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate processes and sources influencing wintertime BC over the wider Arctic and over northern Alaska, with a focus on removal treatments and regional emissions. Variations in model sensitivity to wet and dry deposition is found across the Arctic and could explain model biases. Over northern Alaska, regional emissions from petroleum extraction are found to make an important contribution to observed BC. Model results are also sensitive to planetary boundary layer parameterisation schemes. Third, the improved version of the model is used to investigate the contribution of regional and local sources on air pollution in the Fairbanks area in winter 2019. Using up-to-date emissions, the model performs better in winter 2019 than in winter 2014, when compared to observations at background sites across Alaska. Underestimations in modelled BC and sulphate aerosols can be partly explained by lacking local and regional anthropogenic emissions. In the case of sulphate, additional secondary aerosol formation mechanisms under dark/cold conditions also need to be considered
Kerambrun, Élodie. "Évaluation des effets biologiques des contaminants chimiques sur les juvéniles de poissons marins : approche multibiomarqueur en conditions expérimentales et in situ". Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0317/document.
Texto completo da fonteEvaluation of pollutant effects in environment is one of the major issues of the European Water Framework Directive 2000. Regulations have particularly the objective to reach to a good chemical and ecological status of water bodies. In this context, the aim of our study was to develop a multibiomarker approach on juvenile marine fish in order to evaluate the biological effects of chemical pollution in coastal areas. Molecular detoxification parameters (EROD, GST) and an antioxidant enzyme (CAT) were used as early warning tools of toxicity allowing the prevention of irreversible damages. In parallel, different physiological biomarkers (somatic and recent growth, RNA:DNA ratio, morphometric and lipidic indices) were analysed as reflecting damages on juveniles health. Sensitivity and relevance of molecular and physiological biomarkers were tested experimentally on juvenile : i) sea bass exposed to acute petroleum pollution, ii) sea bass and turbot submitted to a mix of contaminants in environmental concentrations during controlled and semi-controlled (caging) conditions. Our results show the ability of EROD, and in lower degree the GST, to detect short exposure (2 and 4 days) of organisms to petroleum and to reflect their deleterious effects on fish health. This relationship between molecular and physiological biomarkers was more difficultly established under multiple pollutions. Growth and condition indices were found to be more sensitive to the different levels of chemical contamination analysed (metal, PAHs). Their analyses allowed us to evaluate the weakened condition of organisms caged in the harbour area during 38 days. This caging experiment was relevant especially for juvenile sea bass in which no physiological stress was detected in the reference station. Deleterious effects of chemical contaminant on turbot juvenile health were also observed in controlled condition after 21 days exposure to the same harbour sediments and to an estuarine sediment. In complement to these experiments, a field study was realized on juvenile flounders sampled in some estuaries along the French and Belgium coast. A decrease of morphometric and lipidic indices were found in juvenile flounders from the three anthropogenic estuaries showing the highest metal bioconcentrations compared to the reference estuary. Results from these different studies showed the potentiality of growth and condition indices to reflect biological effects of chemical contaminants on juvenile marine fish. However, their use could be limited by their lower specificity to pollutant than parameters involved in detoxification. These works show therefore the need to use biomarkers at different level of biological organization in biomonitoring programs
Rzeźnik-Orignac, Jadwiga. "Contribution de la méiofaune aux transferts des métaux dans le réseau trophique de la baie de Gdańsk (Baltique) et de la baie de Marennes-Oléron (Atlantique)". La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS116.
Texto completo da fonteThis study deals with the ecology and ecotoxicology of nematodes, the main component of meiofauna communities. In situ measurements at Bays of Marennes-Oléron and Gdańsk, provide information on taxonomic/trophic structures of nematode communities. Quantitative assessment of carbon fluxes between benthic diatoms and nematodes was obtained through radioactive labelling (14C). The results confirm the significant role of nematodes in carbon flux through the trophic network. A second aim relates to ecotoxicology, considering the nematode community as a functional component, which can accumulate and biotransform metals, and transport them further up in the trophic network. Metal concentrations in nematodes are higher than those observed in benthic macrofauna, and the nematodes may therefore constitute a significant pathway for metals in the food chain. Furthermore, the results indicate that nematodes hold a central position in recycling metals fixed by the microphytobenthos
Delaeter, Camille. "Impact des lixiviats de bioplastiques et plastiques conventionnels sur les organismes benthiques intertidaux : une approche comportementale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR065.
Texto completo da fonteBehaviors play a pivotal role in organisms' survival, enabling organisms to cope with their ever-changing environment. Nowadays, adaptive behavioral responses to environmental changes face unprecedented challenges due to the rapid and detrimental effects of the Anthropocene era. Noticeably, plastic pollution stands out as one of the most pressing concerns in marine habitats. Beyond causing conspicuous physical damages, plastics may leach a cocktail of harmful chemicals impairing marine organisms at various levels. Despite its role in connecting individuals to ecosystem functioning and evolutionary processes, organism behavior remains scarcely studied in the plastic leachate literature. This PhD thesis aims at to address the gaps in existing literature concerning the organisms and polymers considered. After an extensive review of the plastic leachate literature, this work focuses on investigating the impact of plastic leachates from both bio and conventional polymers on the anxiety-related behaviors of the crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus, the motion behaviors of the foraminifera Haynesina germanica and the cirral activity of the barnacle Austrominius modestus. The results reveal significant modifications in behaviors, highlighting species, polymer and dose dependencies, posing a threat to the delicate ecosystem balance. Noticeably, the biopolymer leachate results in similar or even more behavioral alterations than leachates from conventional polymers, raising significant concerns about the environmental safety of plastic alternatives
Le, Dû-Lacoste Marie. "Etude des phénomènes de biotransformation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) par les organismes aquatiques (poissons) : relation exposition - génotoxicité". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13929/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to study the health of a marine ecosystem and the toxic potential of a contamination such as that related to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), it is necessary, in addition to the determination of environmental contamination levels, to have access to the fraction for aquatic organisms have been exposed to and to identify the toxic effects of the contaminants. The exposure and contamination of aquatic organisms to PAHs have generally been evaluated by the quantification of bioaccumulated PAHs in tissues. However, this approach is criticable when taking into account the biotransformation capabilities of organisms such as vertebrates and the toxic properties of biotransformation products. In this way, the aim of this study is to study PAH bioaccumulation and biotransformation phenomena through the PAH metabolites study. An effort for the validation of relevant biomarkers to evaluate the link between the genotoxicity of PAHs, PAHs body burden and PAH metabolites production, is necessary. Analytical techniques to quantify PAH metabolites in biological matrices have first been set up. Then, these sensible, innovating and powerful analytical tools have been applied to the study of fish exposures to PAHs through differents contamination sources in controlled conditions. This allowed to have a better understanding of PAH biotransformation phenomena. Finally, field studies have been led, notably to study the contamination of the Seine bay, demonstrating the applicability of the quantification of PAH metabolites to evaluate the exposure and the contamination of organisms to PAHs in natural environment. Within the framework of an integrated approach chemistry/biology, this work led to a contribution in the methodological transfer of biomarkers of PAH genotoxicity
Almohamad, Mohamad. "Etude écotoxicologique de l’impact de polluants provenant d’agrosystèmes sur des organismes animaux aquatiques non cibles : les oligochètes tubificidés Tubifex tubifex". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS013.
Texto completo da fonteThe work described in this thesis was conducted in order to test the potential use of autotomy of a freshwater invertebrate Tubifex tubifex (Annelida, Oligochaeta) as a biomarker of the sanitary and environnemental quality of aquatic environments and make our contribution to the study of lethal and sublethal toxicity of various contaminants (paraquat as Gramoxone® ; fludioxonil form Géoxe®; isoproturon and fenhexamid) commonly used in the vineyard Champagne-Ardenne. We conducted experiments in the laboratory and at a site with several ponds collecting vineyard runoff and presenting contrasted contamination rates. We found a significant induction of autotomy during exposure to contaminants. The isoproturon and Géoxe® accumulate in the worm with contrasted pattern according to morphological worm regions. Histopathological and biochemical disturbances were observed in worms exposed to contaminants. Rates of histopathology alterations were less important in worms autotomized than in entire worms. The antioxidant defense systems and phase II metabolism (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase) varied in different way depending on the parameter tested but not general pattern of the biochemical responses occured. The experimental approach showed that the pond water rapidly induced autotomy and stressed worms. The autotomy rate was correlated with the exposure time and toxicant concentration. Similarly a good correlation existed "in situ" between autotomy rates and the sanitary quality of ponds. Thus the autotomy is an original morphological response that might be a potential biomarker of contamination and might be understood as an adaptive response to the presence of contamination
Bréau, Ludovic. "Etude de la bioaccumulation des métaux dans quelques espèces marines tropicales : recherche de bioindicateurs de contamination et application à la surveillance de l'environnement côtier dans le lagon sud-ouest de la Nouvelle-Calédonie". La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS109.
Texto completo da fonteThe present work has two goals : i) identify few macrobenthic species as potential biomonitors of metal contamination of the coastal environment in New Caledonia ; ii) use jointly these species to assess bioavailable metal inputs in different areas of the SW lagoon. On the basis of biological inventories carried out in six different coastal sites, ten species (macroalgae, bivalves, echinoderms and octocorals) commonly found in these sites were selected. The study of concentration levels and geographical variability of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in soft tissues of these species showed that most of them appear to be suitable biomonitors, especially the alga Lobophora variegata and the bivalve Isognomon isognomon. Metal concentrations and spatial differences in these species revealed that two significant part of terrigenous metal inputs to the lagoon is bioavailable to these species
Tallec, Kevin. "Impacts des nanoplastiques et microplastiques sur les premiers stades de vie (gamètes, embryons, larves) de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas Surface functionalization determines behavior of nanoplastic solutions in model aquatic environments, in Chemosphere 225, June 2019 Nanoplastics impaired oyster free living stages, gametes and embryos, in Environmental Pollution 242 (Part B), November 2018 Constraints and priorities for conducting experimental exposures of marine organisms to microplastics, in Frontiers in Marine Science 5(252), July 2018 Cellular responses of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) gametes exposed in vitro to polystyrene nanoparticles, in Chemosphere 208, October 2018". Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0103.
Texto completo da fonteFor 70 years, mismanaged plastic waste accumulates in the oceans. Risk assessment of this contamination is a major concern, especially regarding micro- and presumably nanoplastics (MNP; <5 mm) which are bioavailable for most marine species. The objective of this thesis was to assess adverse effects of MNP to early life stages of the oyster Crassostrea gigas, a key engineer species in coastal ecosystems. MNP toxicity on oyster young stages depended on the particle size. The high surface area- to - volume ratio of polystyrene nanobeads (nano- PS; 50 nm) promoted their reactivity and interactions with biological membranes of gametes and embryos, leading to an inhibition of the fertilization and embryogenesis success while 0.5 and 2 μm polystyrene beads had any detectable effects. The nano-PS toxicity depended on the particle surface properties (e.g. surface functionalization and charge) which govern their aggregation in seawater and affinity with biological membranes. Furthermore, cationic nano- PS which remained at nanometric scale in seawater, had the highest toxic potential to oyster gametes and embryos. Embryonic exposure to these particles at a non-lethal dose reduced first generation larval performances and modulated larval growth at the second generation in response to the same embryonic exposure. All adverse effects were observed at supposedly unrealistic environmental concentrations (no in situ data exists on NP), suggesting low risk of polystyrene beads to oyster early life stages. Future studies will have to take into account the complexity and reality of MNP in oceans (e.g. polymer and shape diversity, concentrations, contaminants adsorption) to assess effects on bivalve species across generations in order to establish more accurately the risks for coastal environments
Pouil, Simon. "Rôles de différents facteurs écologiques sur le transfert trophique des éléments traces chez des téléostéens marins". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS019/document.
Texto completo da fonteTeleost fish accumulate metals through different pathways and It is now well established that food plays a major role in this accumulation. Nevertheless, there is still lack of knowledge on the variability of metal trophic transfer in fish in connection with their life context. The present doctoral research aims at characterizing the influence of biological and environmental factors on the assimilation efficiency (AE) of essential and non-essential metals in fish. AE determination during a series of experiment under controlled condition reveals that biological factors, in particular the type of food ingested, play a predominant role in metal AE in fish while environmental factors (pH, temperature, salinity ...) seem to have a limited influence. All the work carried out during this thesis allows a better understanding of the trophic transfer of metals in fish and, thus bring new knowledge in the field of fish nutrition and ecotoxicology
Laurent, Céline. "Biodisponibilité du cuivre et du zinc pour les plantes et les vers de terre : interactions entre les effets de fertilisants organiques sur le long-terme et des organismes sur l'évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques du sol". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA034.
Texto completo da fonteThe agronomic valorization of organic fertilizers (OF) is one of the main source contamination of agricultural soils in trace elements. This is particularly significant for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) for which the ecotoxicity and more generally their impact on soil fertility on the long-term is a matter of concerns. The scientific literature of the two last decades did not enable to state clearly whether Cu and Zn bioavailability for soil organisms will be impacted by OF application. Indeed, previous studies did not take into account the modifications of Cu and Zn availability in soils induced by (i) pH and organic matter (OM) temporal evolution observed with OF application and (ii) organism activities in the soil they can bio-influence. My PhD work thus aimed at assessing the respective effects of soil contamination, soil pH and OM evolution and key soil organisms (i.e. plants and earthworms) in the bio-influenced volume of soil, on Cu and Zn bioavailability for these organisms in the context of OF applications.This work was based on soils sampled from field trials in Réunion and amended for a decade with mineral or organic fertilizers, or never fertilized. The evolution of pH, concentration and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and Cu and Zn availability (i.e. totale concentration and free ionic activity) was measured in soil solutions of the non-bio-influenced soils and the soil bio-influenced by the activities of either plant roots (i.e. rhizosphere) or earthworm bioturbation (i.e. drilosphere). Copper and Zn bioavailability was assessed by the measurement of Cu and Zn concentration in a tropical epi-endogeic earthworm species (Dichogaster saliens) and a temperate plant species (Festuca arundinacea, fescue) exposed to soils in mesocosms under laboratory conditions.In the absence of bio-influence, OF application did not only increase the level of Cu and Zn contamination in soils, but also pH and the concentration and aromaticity of DOM in soil solutions. Total Cu concentration in soil solution increased in soils amended with OF proportionally to DOM concentration while Cu2+ activity decreased mainly proportionally to pH increase, which resulted in a similar Cu availability between soils amended with OF or not. Due to the lower affinity of Zn for DOM, total Zn concentration and Zn2+ activity decreased in soils with OF application proportionally to pH increase, which resulted in Zn availability equal or lower in soils amended with OF than in non-amended soils. Thus, the modification of pH and DOM seems to regulate Cu and Zn availability in non-bio-influenced soils by exerting a protective effect that counteracts Cu and Zn contamination.Under the influence of earthworms or plants, the variation range of pH and DOM concentration was reduced regardless of fertilization type in bio-influenced soils compared to non-bio-influenced soils. In the drilosphere, this resulted in a similar effect of OF application on Cu and Zn availability but in a lesser extent than the effect of OF application in non-bio-influenced soils. In the rhizosphere, the intense root activities resulted in the absence of OF effect on Cu and Zn availability. The combination of the protective effects induced by OF application and organism activity explained why Cu and Zn bioavailability for earthworms and plants did not increase with OF application for a decade despite Cu and Zn contamination in soil
SAVOCA, Dario. "STUDIO DELLA BIODISTRIBUZIONE DI SOSTANZE BIOLOGICAMENTE ATTIVE IN ORGANISMI ACQUATICI". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/564226.
Texto completo da fonteGuibert, Isis. "Importance des assemblages interspécifiques face aux variations environnementales. Étude intégrée comparative de différentes associations corail-bénitier". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS337.
Texto completo da fonteInteraction between organisms, direct or indirect, involved in the competition for food and space, or other mechanisms, are crucial to develop appropriate responses. For marine sessile organisms, interactions are mainly chemical. In addition to interactions, environmental pressures linked to global changes highly impact the physiology of organisms and their responses abilities, particularly in coral reef organisms that live in shallow waters strongly exposed to thermal stress. However, studies on marine sessile organisms have mainly focused on individual responses of organisms, using mono-specific experiment. During this thesis, the influence of neighboring species on the individual response of organisms was examined. Thus, various assemblages of corals (Pocillopora damicornis and Acropora cytherea) and giant clams (Tridacna maxima) were studied ex situ through a thermal stress experiment or in situ in Moorea lagoon (French Polynesia). Using an integrative approach, combining cytology, metabolomics and metabarcoding; the effect of assemblages on holobionts and their near environment was explored. This study showed that assemblages influence the biofouling development and composition but also coral recruitment, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The most significant impact was the antifouling effect observed when the three species were placed together. Holobionts analyses highlighted the impact of interaction on the organisms’ physiology, showing an increase of the dimethylsulfoniopropionate concentration, a key compound in the global sulfur cycle, for A. cytherea and T. maxima species according to multiple-species assemblages. Holobionts health status was also impacted according to the assemblages. Assemblages with corals, especially A. cytherea, leads to high giant clam mortality, particularly during thermal stress. Interestingly, it should be noted that holobiont composition (Symbiodiniaceae for the three species and bacteria for the giant clams) appears to depend on the nature and health status of the host, rather than the assemblages or the increase of seawater temperature. In conclusion, the overall results have clearly shown that marine sessile organisms differs in physiology and react differently to environmental pressures and neighboring species. This work highlights the importance of taking into account the surrounding diversity for predicting the future fate of coral reefs
El, Houssainy Amonda. "Apports de géochimie sédimentaire des éléments traces métalliques dans deux zones côtières méditerranéennes urbanisées : Beyrouth (Liban) et Toulon (France)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0011.
Texto completo da fonteMediterranean Sea (MS) is a semi-enclosed sea divided into two basins: the Occidental and the Oriental basins. The two studied Mediterranean sites in this thesis are located respectively at N-W of MS and S-E of France for Toulon Bay and at E of MS, Lebanon for St-Georges Bay. They both host high population density especially along the coast and therefore exposed to numerous anthropogenic activities (e.g. tourism, marine transport, aquaculture, wastewater discharge, and industrial activities) contaminating the surrounding environment (water column, sediment, biota …) with different contaminants such as trace metals (TM). In addition, each site is characterized by the presence of an urbanized river: le Las (France) and Beirut River (Lebanon). Sediments are considered as a secondary source of contamination due to biogeochemical processes influencing TM mobility in the sediments. In this context, the objectives of this thesis are (1) to investigate TM contamination along the rivers and in bays; (2) to elucidate the influence of early diagenesis on TM mobility; and (3) to characterize organic matter at both sites. For all the above, superficial sediments, sediment cores, superficial waters and pore waters were collected along the two rivers and at both sites during the period 2016-2018. Sediments and waters samples were analyzed for main physical parameters, nutrients, organic carbon (dissolved and particulate) and major/ trace elements. Results showed that early diagenesis processes strongly control TM mobility in the sediments. In addition, the results confirmed that Toulon bay is strongly contaminated due to the 2nd World War and the present bay activities. The Las River inputs do not contribute and affect significantly the sediments of Toulon Bay. As for St-Georges Bay, we found that it has been impacted by several activities (industrial effluents discharged without treatment, runoff from agricultural zone) transported by Beirut River and/or by direct inputs (coastal landfill)
Layglon, Nicolas. "Comportement des éléments traces métalliques lors de la remise en suspension de sédiments contaminés en zone côtière". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0009.
Texto completo da fonteTrace metal elements entering marine environment accumulate in the sediments. In harbor areas, sediment can be resuspended in the water column following natural (swells, storms ...) and/or anthropic events (maritime traffic, dredging activity). In particular, the Mediterranean Sea represents a significant maritime trade route, generating frequent resuspension events of anthropic origin, while being slightly subjected to the influence of natural tidal phenomena. In this context, the objectives of this thesis consisted in evaluating the potential of trace elements during re-suspension events in order to provide knowledge that would help to better predict and thus better manage the associated risk. The kinetics of trace metal elements, studied in laboratory experiments, were specified in light of the variability of harbor contexts. During the first 5 days of suspension, trace elements transfers appeared mainly determined by abiotic processes. The understanding of these processes partially explained the field observations performed during an impact study of a dredging operation
Houngnandan, Fabrice. "Rôle des pressions anthropiques et de l’environnement dans l’état des herbiers de posidonies de Méditerranée française". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG029.
Texto completo da fonteHuman activities are the main cause of global changes with adverse impacts on all biodiversity, both terrestrial and marine. In this context, many countries, including France, wish to stop this problem by improving networks for monitoring and managing ecosystems using new methods and approaches that aim, in particular, to achieve good ecological status of their water masses. This is the main objective of this thesis project, focusing on a Mediterranean sentinel ecosystem, the Posidonia oceanica seagrass. P. oceanica is an underwater plant endemic to the Mediterranean, and an indicator of the quality of its environment. By linking its spatial distribution with biological data and anthropogenic pressures, it is possible to develop new indicators that are easy to measure at the scale of the entire French coastline (1800 km).Through a multidisciplinary approach, combining participatory mapping, analysis of old images and current ecological data, we have been able to identify the location of former P. oceanica seagrass that have now disappeared and quantify the extent of the decline (70% in 66 years for example in Agde and Rochelongue). Our results also show that the indices of landscape composition and configuration reflect well the state of conservation of a P. oceanica seagrass. Using these landscape indices, we have developed a new approach to define key conservation areas for the management of P. oceanica based on the influence of environmental variables and human activities. Finally, we have also shown that by degrading the P. oceanica seagrass, human activities favour the installation of invasive exotic algae, but can also act as a barrier to invasions by modifying local environmental conditions and making them unfavourable to invasive species.These results suggest multiple applications to improve the management and monitoring of the marine environment in the French Mediterranean
Spirhanzlova, Petra. "Novel transgenic medaka models to detect disruption of sex hormone signalling and gonadal development". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0008/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe toxic pressure of endocrine disruptors on biodiversity and human health has increased significantly over recent decades. As a consequence tools are needed to detect and monitor endocrine disruptors in surface water and to determine the endocrine disrupting potential of newly introduced chemicals. Fish and amphibian larvae, notably the medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Xenopus laevis, offer multiple advantages in this context. In the research carried out in the context of this thesis, different novel medaka-based transgenic models were developed. First, transgenic ChgH-gfp medaka model was designed and optimized for the rapid detection of estrogens and aromatase inhibitors. The model shows significant response within 24 hours with a sensitivity of 15 ng/L ethinylestradiol. Second, a double transgenic 42sp50-gfp_ChgH-gfp medaka which exhibits fluorescence both in the liver in response to estrogens and in developing oocytes as a function of phenotypic sex. It is therefore a suitable model for studying the link between estrogen axis signalling and aberrations of sex determination in fish. Third, a novel spiggin-gfp medaka model was developed to detect androgens and anti-androgens. This model can be exploited in a 96-hour assay with a sensitivity of 1.5 μg/L 17α- methyltestosterone and 276 μg/L flutamide. The novel transgenic medaka models developed in this thesis allow rapid, simple and reliable detection of estrogen and androgen axis disruption and aberrations in medaka sex determination. They have been successfully applied to detect endocrine disruptors in environmental surface water and to assess chemicals with unknown endocrine disrupting potential. Taken together these results demonstrate the applicability of medaka reporter larvae as biological tools in the procedure of detection and characterization of endocrine disruptors
Azoury, Sabine. "Étude de la contamination de la côte libanaise par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) et les éléments traces métalliques (ETMs) : archives sédimentaires et biomonitoring suite à une marée noire". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14755/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis research project aims at the study of the contamination of the Lebanese coast by PAHs, DDE, Hg and Pb. The research work is divided into two distinct parts concerning two environmental compartments (sedimentary and biological) and it addresses different questions and approaches. In the first part, the study of a dated sediment core raised from the continental shelf in southern Lebanese coast allowed reconstructing the contamination history in the Levantine basin. The contaminants’ analysis as well as 210Pb and 137Cs datation allowed obtaining a reliable record of mercury, lead and PAHs sedimentary deposition in the Lebanese continental margin in the Levantine basin. Although concentrations and fluxes are relatively low, a two-phase increase of concentration is found using C1 core sedimentary profiles. Coal was identified as the main source of Pb, Hg and PAHs in the Levantine basin between the mid 19th and the mid 20th century. Ratios of Pb stable isotopes and PAH diagnostic ratios support this assumption. The studied sedimentary archives provide also information on the deposition of contaminants on a global scale possibly related to atmospheric emissions mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. In the second part of the thesis, the study of contamination by PAHs of the Lebanese coast was undertaken following an oil spill in the south of Lebanon, which occurred after the bombardment by the Israeli military of the electric power plant in Jiyeh in 2006. We have set-up a biomonitoring program with an invasive mussel specie Brachidontes variabilis over a three-year study. Results indicate a progressive decrease of PAH concentrations in the intertidal ecosystem of the Lebanese coast. Contamination of the subtidal zone in 2007 by Jiyeh fuel oil was significantly lower. However, Jiyeh fuel oil signature was still detectable in mussel tissues even three years after the oil spill. Contamination was found to be particularly persistent in some of the highly oiled sites. It appears that pre-spill state was still not reached even three years following the oil spill. Detailed investigation of spatio-temporal changes of intertidal mussels contamination by PAH is also presented in this part of the thesis
Caffrey, Emily Amanda. "Improvements in the dosimetric models of selected benthic organisms". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34305.
Texto completo da fonteGraduation date: 2013