Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Organisation africaine"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Organisation africaine"
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Listre, Jean-Pierre. "Culture africaine, organisation et leadership : retours d’expérience d’un PDG". Afrique contemporaine N° 276, n.º 2 (10 de novembro de 2023): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco1.276.0287.
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Mubiala, Mutoy. "Les Etats africains et la promotion des principes humanitaires". Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 71, n.º 776 (abril de 1989): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100013009.
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Comme on le sait, la société africaine a une organisation reflétant ses us et coutumes. Le système de pensée africain, étant essentiellement imprégné d'humanisme, a genéré des conceptions et des pratiques qui placent les peuples africains au rang des civilisations humanitaires. L'avenement de la colonisation a plutôt été ressenti comme une mise en veilleuse desdites manifestations, alors que s'installaient des institutions inspirés par les valeurs importées. L'indépendance, tout en donnant aux Etats africains l'occasion de participer aux côtés des nations étrangères, à la construction de la civilisation de l'universel, les a paradoxalement placés en face de nombreux dilemmes aussi bien sur les plans économique, politique et socio-culturel qu'à propos du choix à opérer entre l'adhésion sans faille aux modèles importés, européens en particulier, et le recours radical aux traditions ancestrales. Cependant le domaine humanitaire nous paraît un des rares qui puisse — et devrait — échapper à cette logique des conflits manichéens.
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Blakeney, Michael, e Getachew Mengistie. "Intellectual property policy formulation in Africa". Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 11, n.º 1 (18 de fevereiro de 2021): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2021.01.06.
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This article examines continental, sub-regional and national initiatives in the formulation of intellectual property policy Africa. The article is divided into seven parts. The first looks at the relationship between IP and economic development. The second part examines the role of IP regional integration and trade. The third part looks at African regional trade agreements. Next, the article surveys the activities of sub-regional IP systems in Africa: the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and the Organisation Africaine de la Propriété (OAPI). The fifth part looks at the recent formation of the Pan African Intellectual Property Organization (PAIPO) and its relationship with ARIPO and OAPI. The sixth part gives a brief overview of the efforts made in designing national IP polices. The concluding section summarizes the IP policy-making process in Africa.
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Venter, Gert J., Karien Labuschagne, I. Hermanides, D. Majatladi, S. Boikanyo e I. Wright. "Foyers récents de peste équine africaine en Afrique du Sud". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 62, n.º 2-4 (1 de fevereiro de 2009): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10020.
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Based on diagnostic samples received at the Agricultural Research Council – Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI), a reference centre for African horse sickness (AHS) and bluetongue (BT) for the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the traditional picture on the presence and occurrence of AHS seems to have changed dramatically in South Africa. Outbreaks of AHS virus (AHSV) have increased in this country over the last three to eight years. Outbreaks tend to occur earlier in the season than normally expected. Unpredicted outbreaks of AHS during the past five years in the declared AHS-free area in the South-Western Cape has led to the temporary closure of the quarantine station in Cape Town and the ban on horse exports from South Africa with significant losses to the horse industry as a whole. In January and February 2006, outbreaks of AHSV serotype 9 have also occurred in the George/Knysna area in the Western Cape. Outbreaks in this area occurred over a relatively long period and continued into the colder months of the year. This seems to indicate that AHSV has overwintered in this frost-free area, and that it could have occurred in cycling hosts (donkeys and zebras) and/or in adult Culicoides species. Since 2001, AHS has occurred annually in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, with at least four serotypes in circulation today. In an outbreak in April 2008 in Port Elisabeth, Eastern Cape, C. bolitinos was the dominant species in the coastal areas, whereas C. imicola was the dominant one in the inland area. In the outbreak in February and March 2008 in Robertson and in Kimberley, Northern Cape, C. imicola was the dominant species. Pools of midges have been tested for virus detection during each outbreak. From the outbreak in Robertson, 13 pools were positive for equine encephalosis virus (EEV) and two for BTV. From the outbreak in Kimberley, EEV was isolated from one pool of C. tuttifrutti. The role of C. tuttifrutti as a vector is still poorly understood.
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Molete, Dr Mantoa C. "Cororate Culture as a Function in Formulating Strategic Communication." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, n.º 1 (8 de outubro de 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(135).
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Sub Saharan Africa is filled with cultural diversity which creates a multicultural market. These diversities are created by the external and internal stakeholders in an organisation allowing the emerging of a unique organisational culture to describe the identity of a specific organisation. In its broader term culture gives description to units that provides unity amongst people hence its importance in group situation. Organizational culture is viewed as the shared values, beliefs, or perceptions held by employees within an organization. Moreover, an organization's culture tells us a lot about how members of that specific organisation communicate with each other. Even with the above vital role, organisational culture is viewed as an aspect to influence communication rather than a key role player in developing a communication strategy that fits the intended communication objectives of the specific organisation. To many organisations, the direction of their specific communication is more depended on current communication trends rather than the cultural aspect that determines the identity and behaviour of stakeholders of the specific organisation to achieve set objectives specifically in very diverse areas such as Africa. Whilst various authors have written about organisational culture there is still a lack in literature developed to outline in detail the cultural patterns and norms of African cultures, which are important in understanding the communication approaches of Africans even in corporate environments. This lack in literature also deprives African organisations to understand the diversity within its stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to explore how organisational culture and aspects of culture play a vital role in creating a communication strategy that is fit for a specific organisation to outplay the intend communication objective. This paper place focus on organisational culture and the vital function it plays in strategic communication. Keywords: Strategic communication, organizational culture, diversity, culture, communication
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Coste, Marion. "La « féminitude » de Calixthe Beyala : négociation identitaire, entre négritude et féminisme". HYBRIDA, n.º 1 (3 de dezembro de 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/hybrida.1.16872.
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Cet article se concentre sur la notion de « féminitude », développée par l’écrivaine franco-camerounaise Calixthe Beyala dans Lettre d’une Africaine à ses sœurs occidentales, en associant les notions de « négritude » et de « féminisme ». On montrera que Beyala promeut un féminisme qui essentialise à la fois les femmes et les Subsahariens, ces deux groupes qui auraient, d’après l’autrice, un rapport sensible et intuitif au monde, par opposition avec le féminisme occidental que Beyala juge trop intellectualisant. Ensuite, nous analyserons deux romans, Le Petit Prince de Belleville et Maman a un amant pour comprendre les spécificités des problématiques féministes qui se posent aux personnages d’immigrées subsahariennes en France : Maryam doit accepter une organisation misogyne de la famille pour avoir le droit symbolique d’appartenir à la communauté immigrée. Si elle refuse cette organisation, elle court le risque d’être exclue et de perdre ses enfants. Enfin, nous étudierons les lacunes du dialogue avec le féminisme occidental incarné par Mme Saddock.
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Soobramoney, Jerelene, e Ophillia Ledimo. "Exploring corporate social responsibility and organisational commitment within a retail organisation". Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, n.º 4 (2016): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i4c1art3.
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Organisations have difficulty retaining employees who have the necessary talent, skills and knowledge to give the company a competitive edge in a global market, thus emphasising the need for organisational commitment. The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility and organisational commitment within a South African retail organisation. Corporate social responsibility has a positive influence on consumer behaviour and can contribute to corporate success because CSR activities enhance an organisation’s image. Research has indicated that corporate social responsibility is related to an employee’s commitment. The Corporate Social Responsibility Scale and the Organisational Commitment Scale were administered to a non-probability sample of 171 employees from a population of 268 employees in the human resources department of a retail company. Person’s correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between corporate social responsibility and organisational commitment. This study provided insight into the corporate social responsibility of the organisation. Managers and practitioners in the human resources may use these findings for the development of corporate social responsibility policies and practices in order to build employee commitment.
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Djebbari, Elina. "La relation musique-danse dans le genre du ballet au Mali : organisation, évolution et émancipation". Les Cahiers de la Société québécoise de recherche en musique 13, n.º 1-2 (21 de setembro de 2012): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012346ar.
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Pendant longtemps, la danse dite « africaine » a été considérée comme une expression corporelle que l’on ne pouvait distinguer du « tam-tam », censé l’accompagner à tout moment. Depuis sa création après l’indépendance en 1960, le Ballet national du Mali a contribué à donner du sens à ce stéréotype en faisant du tambour jembe l’instrument-roi de ce genre musico-chorégraphique. Cet article propose de nous interroger sur les techniques musicales et chorégraphiques qui permettent l’interaction musique-danse lors de la performance scénique, sur les rapports de hiérarchie qui s’en dégagent, la façon dont ces valeurs peuvent s’inverser ou se transformer selon les contextes et les pratiques et, enfin, d’appréhender comment la création artistique contemporaine de ce genre musico-chorégraphique semble pouvoir s’orienter vers une dissociation de ces deux éléments alors que leur complémentarité en déterminait justement la caractéristique principale.
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Sutton, Lucinda Bella-May, Tanya Le Roux e Lynnette M. Fourie. "Internal communication in a diverse and developing world context: Challenges for corporate South Africa". Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 41, n.º 2 (15 de dezembro de 2022): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v41i2.1452.
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Internal communication plays a pivotal part in an organisation’s survival. It is regarded as an investment in an organisation’s success and underpins organisational effectiveness. However, when organisations face internal communication challenges, these can threaten internal relationships, with dire consequences for the organisation. This is particularly so in the volatile, uncertain, complicated and ambiguous South African corporate context, which presents direct challenges for internal communication management. Internationally there has been an increase in studies exploring challenges for internal communication, with various authors indicating a need for further research. Our study addresses this gap by probing the internal communication challenges experienced in the South African corporate environment as a developing world view, to make recommendations for mitigating action. This exploratory qualitative interview-based study focused on the perceptions of practitioners working in large organisations, as well as consultants with acknowledged expertise in the field of internal communication. The findings confirmed that internal communication is a complex and multifaceted profession full of challenges. We identified 12 challenges, grouped into four clusters, namely access to technology, lack of formal communication training, parameters for inclusion of internal stakeholders, and management styles and structures. Contributions include recommendations for practice, together with suggestions for further research.
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Goosen, C. J., T. J. De Coning e E. V. D. M. Smit. "The development of a factor based instrument to measure corporate entrepreneurship: A South African perspective". South African Journal of Business Management 33, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2002): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v33i3.704.
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This article outlines a conceptual model of corporate entrepreneurship in which management’s influence on an organisation is highlighted. The model is intended to depict the organisational elements that relate to South African industrial organisations. Corporate entrepreneurship or intrapreneurship is represented by a set of three ‘key factors’. Two key factors were taken from the well researched ENTRESCALE (Knight, 1997) and focus externally. The other key factor focuses internally and represents management’s influence on structures and processes, and relations.The model encompasses product lines and changes, research and development leadership, new techniques employed in the organisation, the organisation’s competitive posture and its risk-taking propensity, its environmental boldness and the decision-making style of management in terms of external opportunities. The model also addresses internal structures and processes, as well as relations. It emphasises intrapreneurial goal setting, and promotes the use of a system that facilitates and manages creativity and innovation. It addresses an intracapital system to supply resources and it facilitates communication. The model allows for staff input to management, a degree of intrapreneurial freedom, a problem-solving culture and empowered staff. Finally, it provides for the championing of intrapreneurship by management.The model is tested in context. There is significant negative correlation between intrapreneurship and organisational age, but not between the intrapreneurship and organisation size. The intrapreneurship factors furthermore correlate significantly with the measure of share price volatility, β (Beta).
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Organisation africaine"
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Ohin-Lucaud, Philomène. "La contribution de l'Organisation de l'unité africaine au développement des états africains". Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0032.
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Créée en 1963 pour apaiser les craintes des états africains face aux anciennes puissances coloniales, l'Organisation de l'unité africaine (OUA), s'est investie concrètement, dès le début de la décennie 80, dans le combat de ces derniers face à la crise du sous-développement dont les manifestations financière, socio-économique et politique ont eu raison de la souveraineté interne et de la crédibilité internationale des gouvernements africains dans leur ensemble. Ainsi né des turbulences du développement, le pan-africanisme socio-économique, théorisé dans les "manuels" de l'OUA au premier rang desquels se trouve le Plan d'action de Lagos (PAL), a évolué au rythme des aménagements socio-économiques et politiques de la communauté internationale d'où il puise ses principaux éléments d'affermissement en même temps, qu'il se renforce au travers du Traité d'Abuja portant création de la Communauté économique panafricaine (CEPA)Created in 1963 to appease the african states'fears in their relationships with the former colonial powers, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) has put a lot, since 1980, into the african struggle against the under-development's crisis which financials, socio-economics and politicals manifestations have misused the internal sovereignty and the international credibility of the african governments. So, established in the turbulences of development, the pan-africanism socio-economic elaborated by the OAU's skilleds and which main representation is the Lagos Action Program (LAP), has evolved under both regional politics and socio-economics fixtures and the injonctions of the international community where it takes the main points of his strengthenings as well as his intensification throughout the Abuja's Treaty related to the creation of the Panafrican Economic Community (PAEC)
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Diallo, Abdoulaye Hassane. "L'organisation de l'unité africaine (O. U. A. ) face aux réalités africaines et aux problèmes des etats membres : contribution à l'unification d'un continent : 1963-1992". Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33021.
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Cette these porte sur les problemes et les solutions de l'organisation de l'unite africaine (o. U. A) dans son organisation et dans sa gestion face aux etats membres. Elle porte sur une periode de 30 ans (1963 : date. De sa creation a 1993. Apres 30 d'independance, nous essayons d'etudier les obstacles rencontres et les solutions a envisager. Les maux les plus saillants sont : la dette, la deliquescence, le blocage des institutions, etc. . . Nous pensons que les structures sont, soit mal adaptees, soit mal appliquees. Un peu plus de democratie, de pluralisme donc un etat de droit permettrait a l'o. U. A. D'etre plus fiable et plus viable. Des pistes de reflexion sont proposees pour mieux impliquer les populations dans le processus de developpement dans lequel les etats sont engages. C'est a ce seul prix que l'unite africaine pourra reellement se realiserOur thesis the problems and solutions of the organization of african unity (o. A. U) in its organization and its management face to agrican states. It covers the period from 1963 to 1993 after thirty years of independance of the african states, we try to study the difficulties of the organization and the solutions to propose. The outstanding evils are : loans, state deliquency, institutions blocage, etc. . . We believed that these evils come either from the structures which are baldy adapted or from men who dont' apply at all the latters. Only democraty, pluralism would be permit a fiability and a viability to the organization. Consequently, we proposed some paths so as to understand well the imply of the populations in the development process amorced by the entire continent
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Binyam, Victor. "Problèmes causés par la création d'un état africain". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF10259.
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Après avoir réfléchi au passé, présent et futur du continent africain, nous proposons son édification en un Etat. Cette thèse se base sur l'analyse critique de la création et du fonctionnement de l'Organisation de L'Unité Africaine (OUA) jusqu'à son remplacement par l'Union Africaine (UA). L'OUA : adhésion au sinistre legs colonial qu'est l'émiettement territorial de l'Afrique et un des instruments de sa dépendance politique, économique et sociétale, dont les méfaits ne cessent de l'asphyxier ; l'UA : une nouvelle impasse. Les fondements juridiques et organisationnels de notre thèse trouvent leurs racines dans l'historiographie de l'Afrique, l'affirmation de son unité, de son expression (territoriale, politique, économique et sociétale) et l'aspiration de l'amarrer au train de l'émancipation. L'Etat Africain (uni, indivisible et décentralisé) proposé, unitaire au plan constitutionnel, judiciaire, militaire, diplomatique et monétaire sera alors un acteur clé de la Communauté internationaleFrom the past to the present and into the future of the african continent, we appeal to its builking into a state. The basis of this critical analysis is the birth and the functionning of the Organization of African Unity until its substitution by the African Union. While the OAU emerged as a consequence of the colonial legacy that led to the territorial crumbling of the Africa and in effect a tool of its political and socio-economical dependence, the AU appears as another dead end. The legal and organisational bases of our thesis find their roots in the historiography of Africa, the assertion of its unity, its expression (be it territorial, political, economical or social) and the wish to chain it to the train of independence. The African State (united, indivisible, decentralized) as we intend it ; united constitutionally, legaly, militararly, diplomatically and monetararly, would then become a key actor of the international scene
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M'Chinda, Bacar. "L'Afrique à la recherche de son unité : du panafricanisme à l'Union africaine". Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0678.
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On s'est proposé d'étudier la question de l'unité africaine à partir de ses institutions, depuis la naissance du mouvement panafricain jusqu'à l'Organisation de l'Union Africaine et aux développements les plus récents de l'Union Africaine. L'approche consiste d'une part à situer la formation et les enjeux de ces institutions par rapport au contexte historique et géo-politique et d'autre part à considérer l'aspect proprement juridique de ces organismes afin d'évaluer leurs actions sur les plans écolnomique, politique et militaire. On s'est particulièrement attaché aux raisons de la crise de l'OUA et aux conditions de résolution de cette crise grâce aux solutions apportées par la nouvelle UAWe intend to study the problem of African unity through its continental institutions since the beginning of the Panafrican mouvement until the most recent developments of African Union towards the Organisation of African Union (OAU). The method chosen was analysis of the problem through historical and geo-political circumstances and study of the juridical constitution of these organizations, in order to value their actions on economical, political and military levels. We chose to give special attention to the crisis of OAU and to the solutions brought by UA
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Konate, Aenza. "L'Organisation de l'Unité Africaine et la protection juridique de l'environnement". Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0461.
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Le 16 juin 1972, la conférence des nations unies sur l'environnement adoptait la déclaration de Stockholm sur l'environnement dont le premier principe énonce que : + l'homme a le devoir solennel de protéger et d'améliorer l'environnement pour les générations présentes et futures. ;. Le principe de responsabilité qui se dégage ainsi pour la sauvegarde de l'environnement, une mission importante mais d'une technicité redoutable, n'échappa pas aux organisations internationales. Celles-ci, qu'elles soient à vocation mondiale ou régionale, face aux limites manifestes des états pris individuellement, on tente de fournir l'appareillage institutionnel adéquat en vue d'une protection efficace de l'environnement. Dans ces conditions, alors que la + convention africaine pour la protection de la nature et des ressources naturelles ; (convention on the conservation of nature and Natural ressources) adoptée par l'organisation de l'unité africaine (organisation of African unity) en 1968 à Alger, est présentée, a juste titre, comme un modèle dans la conservation des ressources naturelles (cf. Alexandre Charles Kiss, droit international de l'environnement, Paris, Pedone 1989, p. 31. ), il importait de tenter de réfléchir sur le rôle joue par l’OUA, créée le 25 mai 1963 à Addis-Abeba (Ethiopie) en vue de veiller à la promotion du bien-être des populations africaines à travers un niveau de développement satisfaisant, dans la protection juridique de l'environnement. Tel est le point de départ de la problématique qui sous- tend la présente thèse. L'ensemble des réflexions de l'auteur mettent en évidence, de façon systématique et, pour la première fois, l'action de l'organisation de l'unité africaine, expression du régionalisme africain qui suscite beaucoup d'intérêt, soit pour dénoncer ses faiblesses, voire son inutilité, soit, moins fréquemment, pour exalter ses succès pourtant indiscutables dans certains domaines. La participation de l’OUA dans la protection juridique de l'environnement s'opère sur deux fronts juridiquement distincts mais écologiquement lies : l'échelle africaine et mondiale. Dans le cadre africain, l'analyse de son action fait ressortir qu'elle a joué un rôle essentiel dans la construction d'un droit de l'environnement au niveau du continent (partie I)On June 16/1972 the united nations conference on environment adopted the Stockholm declaration on environment which sets forth as a first principle that: "man bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations". The principle of responsibility for the safeguard of the environment-an essential but technically awesome mission-was thus clearly recognized and did not escape the attention of international organizations. Wither of global or regional scope, these organizations confronted with the obvious limitations of states acting individually, have tried to set up a suitable institutional frame with a view to protecting the environment efficiently. Therefore, since the + African convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources; adopted by the organization of African unity at Algiers in 1968 is justifiably presented as a model in the field of the conservation of natural resources (see. Alexandre Charles kiss, droit international de environment, Paris, Pedone 1989, p. 31), it seemed important to try to reflect upon the role played by the OAU (established on May 25/1963 at Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)] with the goal of promoting the welfare of African populations through a satisfactory level of development and the juridical protection of the environment. This background led to the examination of the central issues which inform the present doctoral thesis. The author's thought brings to the fore, methodically and for the first time, the action of the OAU- a manifestation of African regionalism which generates great interest-either of a negative kind, denouncing its weaknesses, its uselessness even-or, less frequently, of a positive nature, celebrating its successes, undisputable in some fields-the OAU participates actively in the juridical protection of the environment on two fronts- juridically separated but ecologically related : at the African level and at the global level. Within the African framework, an analysis of OAU action underscores the essential role it played in establishing environmental law at the continental level (part. I). Besides, considering, and rightly so, that the fate of Africa cannot be dissociated from that of the rest of the world, it extended its action to reach global scope
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Ngouah, Beaud Paul. "Le principe de coopération et son appalication par l'Organisation de l'Unité africaine". Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020102.
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Dans le domaine de la cooperation, l'organisation de l'unite africaine (oua) remplit des fonctions specifiques. Elle organise la concertation entre les etats. Elle programme et coordonne les activites des institutions regionales africaines. L'analyse de la pratique montre comment l'oua participe a la gestion d'interets communs, tout en etant un lieu d'affrontement et de conciliation pour les etats africains. Elle s'est adaptee aux besoins nouveaux de la cooperation entre etats de develop pement inegal: par l'echaufaudage du plan d'action de lagos (contribution africaine au nouvel ordre economique international), par la concep tion de la charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples et par l'elaboration de la charte culturelle africaine. Toutes ces actions sont soutenues par les bureaux regionaux de l'oua. Les programmes qu' ils developpent et conduisent sont importants pour l'avenir du continent. L'oua contribue ainsi a la cooperation pour le developpement economique et socioculturel sans entamer les pouvoirs des etats. Ce respect scrupuleux des volontes etatiques limite l'influence de l'oua. En pratique, elle est au contraire le fondement de toute demarche tendant a etendre et a approfondir la cooperation pour le developpement, veritable pierre angulaire de l'integration, de l'unite africaine et de la decolonisation economique et politique de l'afriqueIn the field of the cooperation, the organization of the african unity (oau) fulfils specific duties. It organizes the dialogue between the states. It plans and coordinates the activities of african regional institutions. The practice anlaysis shows how the oau takes part in the management of common interests, while it is a place of confrontation and conciliation for the african states. Concerning the new needs of the cooperation, the oau built up the lagos plan of action (african con tribution to the new international economic order), conceived the afri can charter of human and people rights and elaborated the african cul tural charter. All these actions are supported by its regional offices. The programs they develop and lead are important for the continent future. The oau contributes thus to the cooperation for the economic and social cultural development without weakening the powers of states. This scrupulous respect of will of states limits its influence. In practice, the oau is on the contrary the foundation of all step to spread and to increase the cooperation for the development, true cornerstone of the integration, the african unity and the economic and political decolonization of africa
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Dujardin, Stéphanie. "L'Union africaine : un ordre juridique panafricain refondé par des états en quête de nations". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010307.
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Le Traité de l'Union africaine remplace depuis juillet 2002, la Charte de l'Organisation de l'Unité Africaine, qui s'était donné pour principal objectif, en 1963, de décoloniser l' Afrique. Dotée de nouvelles institutions, comme le Parlement panafricain, la Cour de justice, le Conseil de paix et de sécurité et d'objectifs qui correspondent aux défis actuels du continent, l'Union africaine est juridiquement équipée pour aller plus loin que l'O. U. A: dans la réalisation de l'unité africaine. La mise en œuvre effective de son dispositif dépendra toutefois de sa capacité à financer l'ensemble des structures qu'elle met en place et de la volonté politique de ses membres. Soumis à l'impératif de répondre de manière collective aux contraintes de la mondialisation et aux préoccupations majeures relatives à la paix et au développement, les Etats africains ont plus que jamais besoin de se consolider, tout en cédant certaines compétences au profit de l'émergence d'une souveraineté panafricaine.
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Aoun, Gilbert. "Organisation de l'unité africaine et Ligue des États arabes : le mythe de l'unité". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32000.
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L'objectif des etats membres de l'o. U. A. Est la realisation de l'unite africaine. Mais neuf de ses membres, a savoir les etats arabes d'afrique, militent dans le cadre de la l. E. A. En vue de realiser l'unite de la umma arabe (d'afrique et du moyen-orient). Au destin africain commun se substitue l'evolution separee de ces deux entites africainesFor the o. A. U. The ultimate target is to realize the unity of the african continent. But nine of the o. A. U. Members has the same aim under the leadership of the ligue of arab states, and do work to realize the unity of the umma in both arab africa and the middle east, which means instead of a united africa a divided continent one north of the sahara or arab africa, the second or black africa south of the sahara with two separate destinies
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Aoun, Gilbert. "Organisation de l'unité africaine et ligue des Etats arabes le mythe de l'unité /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602283x.
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Bouhentala, Abdelkader. "La reconnaissance et l'adhésion aux organisations internationales : le cas de la R.A.S.D. [République Arabe Sahraouie Démocratique] et de son adhésion à l'O.U.A. [Organisation de l'Unité Africaine]". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10028.
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La reconnaissance internationale constitue la base solide du droit international. Elle traduit la place de choix que l'etat occupe dans l'ordre juridique international lorsqu'il se prononce pour ou contre l'apparition de nouveaux sujets de droit. Par ailleurs, l'inexistence d'un pouvoir supranational pour reconnaitre les nouvelles situations a renforce le role de l'etat dans l'accomplissement de la fonction de la reconnaissance. Ce renforcement prend des formes differentes, d'ou le regroupement ideologique en matiere de reconnaissance comme en matiere de non reconnaissance. Si la premiere est utilisee pour confirmer, voire imposer, le sujet reconnu sur la scene internationale, la deuxieme, elle, est employee en tant que sanction afin d'isoler le sujet conteste. C'est dans cette large philosophie juridique que les chancelleries ont pratique la reconnaissance dans les affaires internationales. A travers l'evolution de la societe internationale, la reconnaissance etait toujours en harmonie avec l'orientation politique des etats. Pour cela, l'institutionnalisation de la vie internationale a manifeste les liens existants entre l'acte de reconnaissance et celui de l'admission aux organisations internationales. Dans cet ordre juridique ou la liberte d'action de chaque etat est incontestable, la republique arabe sahraouie democratique s'est vue reconnue puis admise a l'ornisation de l'unite africaine dans un processus de legitimite et de legalite internationales irreprochables, malgre les particularites qui caracterisent le statut de l'etat sahraouiInternational recognition constitutes the solid basis of international law. It expresses the important position a state occupies on the legal international order, when it comes down in favour of or against new legal subject. Moreover, the non-existence of a supranational power able to recognize new situations has strengthemed the state part in the fulfilment of recognition. This strengthening takes different forms, hence ideological gathering as far as recognition or non-recognition are concerned. If the former is used in order to confirm, even impose, the recognized subject on the international scene, the latter is employed as a sanction to isolate the contested one. In this wide legal philosophy, chancelleries have practised recognition in international matters. Through the evolution of international society, recognition has always been in harmony with the state political orientation. So, the international life institutionalization has shown the links that exist between the act of recognition and that of admission to international organisation. In this legal order where no one can question a state's freedom of action, the arab sahraouie democratic republic has been recognized, then admitted to the united african organisation through an irreprochable process of international legitimacy and legality, in spite of the specifications that characterize the status of the sahraoui state
Livros sobre o assunto "Organisation africaine"
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Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. L' Organisation de l'unité africaine: Bilan et perspectives. Kinshasa: Afrique-éditions, 1986.
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Organization, African Intellectual Property. Why an African organisation for intellectual property? [Yaoundé, Cameroon]: African Intellectual Property Organization, 1990.
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Ngongo, Mononi Asuka. L' Organisation de l'unité africaine, vingt ans après: Des espoirs déçus? Kinshasa: Presses universitaires du Zaïre, 1988.
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Ngongo, Mononi Asuka. L' Organisation de l'unité africaine vingt ans après: Des espoirs déçus? Kinshasa: Presses universitaires du Zaire, 1988.
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Elad, Charles M. The value added accounting principles of the OCAM Plan: A theoretical appraisal. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen, 1992.
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Elad, Charles M. The value added accounting principles of the OCAM plan: A theoretical appraisal. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University, Department of Accountancy, Finance and Management, 1992.
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Elad, Charles M. The value added accounting principles of the OCAM plan: A theoretical appraisal. Aberdeen: University ofAberdeen, Departments of Accountancy and of Economics, 1992.
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Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle. O.A.P.I.: Un modèle réussi de coopération. Yaoundé, Cameroun: O.A.P.I., 1999.
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Oyono, Dieudonné. Avec ou sans la France?: La politique africaine du Cameroun depuis 1960. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1990.
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Kamagne, Rose Chantal S. Mba N. La protection des inventions en droit de l'OAPI: Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle. Lille: ANRT, Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2005.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Organisation africaine"
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Hofmeier, Rolf. "Organisation Afrikas und Mauretaniens (Organisation Commune Africaine et Mauricienne/OCAM)". In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 324–26. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_96.
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Hofmeier, Rolf. "Organisation für Afrikanische Einheit (Organization of African Unity/OAU; Organisation de l’Unité Africaine/OUA)". In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 318–24. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_95.
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Hofmeier, Rolf. "Afrikanische Entwicklungsbank/African Development Bank AfDB bzw. ADB (Banque Africaine de Développement/BAD)". In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 10–12. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_2.
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Langhammer, Rolf J. "Afrikanische Finanzgemeinschaft (Communauté Financière Africaine/CFA)". In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 13–14. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_3.
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Langhammer, Rolf J. "Westafrikanische Währungsunion (Union Monétaire Ouest Africaine/UMOA)". In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 437–38. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_131.
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Daniels, Reza Che. "A Framework for Investigating Microdata Quality, with Application to South African Labour Market Household Surveys". In How Data Quality Affects our Understanding of the Earnings Distribution, 7–36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3639-5_2.
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AbstractThis chapter identifies a framework for investigating microdata quality that is particularly useful to researchers working with public-use micro datasets where limited information about the data quality protocols of the survey organisation are present. It then utilises this framework to investigate South African labour market household surveys from the mid 1990s to 2007. In order to develop the framework, we rely on the total survey error (TSE) framework to articulate the forms of statistical imprecision that exist in any public-use dataset. The magnitudes of statistical imprecision are largely dependent on the efficacy of the survey organisation’s data quality control protocols, which are, in turn, affected by human resource and budget constraints.
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Hofmeier, Rolf. "Ostafrikanische Gemeinschaft (East African Community/EAC)". In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 378–81. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_111.
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Hofmeier, Rolf. "Zollunion im südlichen Afrika (Southern African Customs Union/SACU)". In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 476–78. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_145.
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Hofmeier, Rolf. "Entwicklungsgemeinschaft des Südlichen Afrika (Southern African Development Community/SADC)". In Handwörterbuch Internationale Organisationen, 79–84. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86673-8_28.
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Lee, Donna. "South Africa in the World Trade Organisation". In The New Multilateralism in South African Diplomacy, 51–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230503830_3.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Organisation africaine"
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M Ikome, John, e Opeyeolu Timothy Laseinde. "A Conceptualised Rescheduling Approach to Minimise Manufacturing Disruptions in the South African Automotive Industry." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003058.
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Manufacturing organisations are very important industry globally as the goods that are produced and supply for fills the day to day demand of customers and any disruption within the manufacturing sub system, can be very detrimental to the organisation, as it will create a bottleneck that can put a constraint to the entire system and render it obsolete, particularly as observed from the South African automotive industry, using a number of productivity, reliability and failure techniques. According to the results, it shows that manufacturing disruption can be minimized if the proper reliability strategies and rescheduling models are put in place.
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Aghimien, Douglas, Clinton Aigbavboa, Ayodeji Oke e Ahmad Taki. "Unearthing the outcome of construction digitalisation – a South African perspective". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003095.
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For most construction organisations in developing countries like South Africa, embracing digitalisation is constrained by the absence of evidence pointing to the outcome features of using digital technologies. This study, therefore, set out to unearth the potential outcomes of construction digitalisation by drawing from the perspective of construction professionals in diverse construction-related organisations across South Africa. The study adopted a post-positivism philosophical stance using quantitative research conducted through a questionnaire survey. Data were analysed using mean item score, Kruskal-Wallis H-Test and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). With good internal consistency, construct validity, and acceptable fit indices, CFA confirmed that an organisation's ability to deliver projects within the agreed schedule, quality and cost is improved with digitalisation, with better digital uptake and transformation achieved in the process. This implies that for a construction industry like South Africa, characterised by poor project performance due to the slow adoption of technological advancement, embracing construction digitalisation is a must in this current era of the fourth industrial revolution.
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Hoffman, Danie, Derick Booyens e Karl Trusler. "Comparing the Profile of South African Quantity Surveyors with Construction Quantity Surveyors". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003681.
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Organisations and professions need adaption skills to survive and prosper in a world of change. As a new democracy, South Africa is experiencing significant change. Organisations such as the Association of South African Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS) must also adapt. The ASAQS is a voluntary association formed to serve the professional needs of Quantity surveyors (QS’s). QS’s offer financial consultancy services to the construction industry. The ASAQS has been considering adding a new membership category for construction quantity surveyors (CQS) since a recent study has shown that more than 17% of QS’s are employed by contractors and do not work as professional consultants. South African CQS’s do not have a professional organisation to serve their interests. A new CQS membership category will address that need, strengthen the ASAQS membership base and expand the ASAQS’s influence in the construction industry. To secure updated information about the profile of QS’s, a questionnaire from the ASAQS, assisted by the University of Pretoria (UP), was recently circulated to all QS’s nationally. In a previous study, the data was used to compile a profile of CQSs to assist the ASAQS’s consideration of a CQS membership category. The profile of CQS’s confirmed them to be relatively young (almost 55% are not older than 35 years), 83% are located in provinces with major urban economic hubs, 63% are African, but less than 10% are from Coloured, Indian or other racial groups. All CQS’s have tertiary qualifications, only 25% of CQS’s are not registered with the South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP), but 34% are not ASAQS members. To further assist the ASAQS in considering this new membership category, this study will compare the profile of CQS’s to the profile of consulting QS’s. The findings of this study will assist the ASAQS to more clearly understand the specific nature and traits of CQS’s. Recent and detailed information proposed by this study will help guide the ASAQS’s decision on CQS membership.
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Hattingh, Marié, Linda Marshall, Marlene Holmner e Rennie Naidoo. "Data Science Competency in Organisations". In the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists 2019. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3351108.3351110.
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Ekandjo, Talitakuum A. T., Hussin Jazri e Anicia Peters. "Online social networks risks to organisations". In AfriCHI '18: 2nd African Conference for Human Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3283458.3283465.
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Ikuabe, M., C. Aigbavboa e S. Adekunle. "Encumbrances of the competitiveness of south African construction organisations in the business environment of other African countries". In World Construction Symposium - 2023. Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.91.
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The study aims to assess the challenges posed to the competitiveness of South African construction contractors in other African countries. This was instituted to formulate a pathway for the penetration of South African contractors into the business environment of other African countries. The study employed a quantitative method underpinned by a post-positivism philosophical approach using a questionnaire as the research instrument. The target respondent of the study was construction professionals, while the study area was Gauteng province of South Africa. The data analysis methods were mean item score, Kruskal-Wallis h-test, and Student Newman Kaul post hoc test. Findings from the study showed that the most significant challenges faced by South African construction organisations in exploring business opportunities in other African countries are collusive acts, high cost of financing, lack of technical skills, and difficulties in obtaining loans. Also, the difference in viewpoints given by the sampled professionals is outlined in the study’s findings. Based on the results obtained from the analysis, the study made recommendations that would aid the competitive capabilities of South African construction organisations in the business landscape of other African countries.
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M Ikome, John. "A Conceptual Review of the Constraints to Global Competitiveness of the South African Automotive Industry". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003891.
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The South African automotive industry is a very important organisation that assist with the well being of the nation, as it contribute to the economic growth of the country and also creates employment for the citizens, this show that this organisation is a key industry for the nation and any constraint to it global competitiveness is of a major consent, that needs a holistic approach to identify the factors that prevent it from achieving the objectives and goals of global competitiveness, a well structured questionnaire was developed and administered in a number of selected South African automotive industry for data collection and according to the results, the political, economic, social, technological and environment has a major influence to the industry’s global competitiveness.
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Fayomi, Igho. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF CORPORATE REAL ESTATE MANAGEMENT IN LISTED ORGANISATION IN NIGERIA". In 21st African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2022-038.
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Akadri, Oluwasegun, e Adepeju A. Opaleye. "Optimal Redesign of the Organisation Structure of a Steam Power Plant". In 3rd African International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/af03.20220009.
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Mneney, Joan, e Jean-Paul Van Belle. "Big Data capabilities and readiness of South African retail organisations". In 2016 6th International Conference - Cloud System and Big Data Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence.2016.7508129.
Texto completo da fonteRelatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Organisation africaine"
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Whiteside, Martin. From Field Research to Policy Change - Lessons from FAC and APRA. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.019.
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The Institute of Development Studies has led consortia of UK and African organisations in two large programmes of agricultural policy research: the original Future Agricultures Consortium programme, running from 2005 to 2014, and the successive Agricultural Policy Research in Africa programme, from 2016 to 2022. These programmes involved African field research teams, linked to African Universities, and conducting policy-relevant research into key issues relative to the future of agriculture in Africa and inclusive agricultural commercialisation (APRA). A component of both programmes was to use the evidence collected to influence the policy environment in favour of productive, sustainable, and inclusive agriculture. This paper explores what has been learnt in these two programmes about using field research evidence to improve agricultural policy.
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Outes Velarde, Juliana, Srinithya Nagarajan, Eleanor Carter, Michael Gibson e Ruairi Macdonald. INDIGO Impact Bond Insights. Government Outcomes Lab, setembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-golab-ri_2022/002.
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Our International Network on Data for Impact and Government Outcomes – INDIGO – is an emerging data collaborative where different organisations share their data on a voluntary basis with the goal of advancing knowledge on outcomes-based partnerships. As part of this initiative, we host an Impact Bond Dataset that collects data on impact bond projects from all over the world. Every six months, we take stock of the new additions and offer a snapshot of the global landscape of impact bond projects.2 The first section describes the distribution of impact bond projects across countries and regions. A series of data visualisations show which countries are leading the way on a number of dimensions of scale, including the number of projects, the number of actual or expected service users, and how much upfront capital they raised. This section also provides a description of the new additions to our dataset since December 2021 and a summary of the new data about international impact bonds, those projects where the outcome funder is a foreign organisation. The second section is focused on the African region. Using the data from the Impact Bond Dataset and other evaluation reports, we provide a comprehensive summary of the different impact bond projects that delivered or are delivering a service in Africa. Finally, building on the data from our new pipeline dataset, we summarise the main trends from the outcomes ecosystem in the region. Our pipeline dataset collects data on upcoming outcomes-based instruments, such as social impact bonds, outcomes funds, payment-by-result projects and other types of outcomes-based tools. This report uses data as of 12 July 2022. The Impact Bond Dataset is open to any policymaker, researcher or data enthusiast who is interested in impact bonds projects.
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Bourekba, Moussa. Climate Change and Violent Extremism in North Africa. The Barcelona Centre for International Affairs, outubro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc014.
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As climate change intensifies in many parts of the world, more and more policymakers are concerned with its effects on human security and violence. From Lake Chad to the Philippines, including Afghanistan and Syria, some violent extremist (VE) groups such as Boko Haram and the Islamic State exploit crises and conflicts resulting from environmental stress to recruit more followers, expand their influence and even gain territorial control. In such cases, climate change may be described as a “risk multiplier” that exacerbates a number of conflict drivers. Against this backdrop, this case study looks at the relationship between climate change and violent extremism in North Africa, and more specifically the Maghreb countries Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, which are all affected by climate change and violent extremism. There are three justifications for this thematic and geographical focus. Firstly, these countries are affected by climate change in multiple ways: water scarcity, temperature variations and desertification are only a few examples of the numerous cross- border impacts of climate change in this region. Secondly, these three countries have been and remain affected by the activity of violent extremist groups such as Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), the Islamic State organisation (IS) and their respective affiliated groups. Algeria endured a civil war from 1991 to 2002 in which Islamist groups opposed the government, while Morocco and Tunisia have been the targets of multiple terrorist attacks by jihadist individuals and organisations. Thirdly, the connection between climate change and violent extremism has received much less attention in the literature than other climate-related security risks. Although empirical research has not evidenced a direct relationship between climate change and violent extremism, there is a need to examine the ways they may feed each other or least intersect in the context of North African countries. Hence, this study concentrates on the ways violent extremism can reinforce vulnerability to the effects of climate change and on the potential effects of climate change on vulnerability to violent extremism. While most of the existing research on the interplay between climate change and violent extremism concentrates on terrorist organisations (Asaka, 2021; Nett and Rüttinger, 2016; Renard, 2008), this case study focuses on the conditions, drivers and patterns that can lead individuals to join such groups in North Africa. In other words, it looks at the way climate change can exacerbate a series of factors that are believed to lead to violent radicalisation – “a personal process in which individuals adopt extreme political, social, and/or religious ideals and aspirations, and where the attainment of particular goals justifies the use of indiscriminate violence” (Wilner and Dubouloz, 2010: 38). This approach is needed not only to anticipate how climate change could possibly affect violent extremism in the medium and long run but also to determine whether and how the policy responses to both phenomena should intersect in the near future. Does climate change affect the patterns of violent extremism in North Africa? If so, how do these phenomena interact in this region? To answer these questions, the case study paper first gives an overview of the threat posed by violent extremism in the countries of study and examines the drivers and factors that are believed to lead to violent extremism in North Africa. Secondly, it discusses how these drivers could be affected by the effects of climate change on resources, livelihoods, mobility and other factors. Finally, an attempt is made to understand the possible interactions between climate change and violent extremism in the future and the implications for policymaking.
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David, Raluca. Advancing gender equality and closing the gender digital gap: Three principles to support behavioural change policy and intervention. Digital Pathways at Oxford, março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/02.
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Worldwide, interventions and policies to improve gender equality or close gender gaps often struggle to reach their targets. For example, women lag considerably behind in use of even simple digital technologies such as mobile phones or the internet. In 2020, the gap in mobile internet use in low- and middle-income countries was at 15%, while in South Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries, it remained as high as 36% and 37% respectively (GSMA, 2021). Use of the internet for more complex activities shows an even wider gap. In Cairo, in 2018, only 21% of female internet users gained economically, and only 7% were able to voice their opinions online (with similar statistics for India, Indonesia, Kenya, Uganda and Colombia, Sambuli et al., 2018). This is despite the fact that empowering women through digital technologies is central to global gender equality strategies (e.g. Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, 2015), and is believed to facilitate economic growth and industry-level transformation (International Monetary Fund, 2020). Progress is slow because behaviours are gendered: there are stark dissociations between what women and men do – or are expected to do. These dissociations are deeply entrenched by social norms, to the extent that interventions to change them face resistance or can even backfire. Increasingly, governments are using behavioural change interventions in a bid to improve public policy outcomes, while development or gender organisations are using behavioural change programmes to shift gender norms. However, very little is known about how gendered social norms impact the digital divide, or how to use behavioural interventions to shift these norms. Drawing on several research papers that look at the gender digital gap, this brief examines why behavioural change is difficult, and how it could be implemented more effectively. This brief is addressed to policymakers, programme co-ordinators in development organisations, and strategy planners in gender equality interventions who are interested in ways to accelerate progress on gender equality, and close the gender digital gap. The brief offers a set of principles on which to base interventions, programmes and strategies to change gendered behaviours. The principles in this brief were developed as part of a programme of research into ways to close the gender digital gap.
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Vet, Cassandra. Diffusion of OECD Transfer Pricing Regulations in Eastern Africa: Agency and Compliance in Governing Profit-Shifting Behaviour. Institute of Development Studies, abril de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.022.
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Eastern African countries have codified transfer pricing regulations in their efforts to ring fence corporate tax revenue against profit shifting by multinational companies. Kenya (in 2006), Uganda (2011) and Rwanda (2020) used the dominant OECD transfer pricing guidelines as a template for reform. The wisdom of this approach for developing countries is contested in academic and civil society literature. According to this view, Western states largely dominate rule-setting procedures, and the costly enforcement of transfer pricing drains the scarce resources of revenue authorities. How can we reconcile the critical perspective in global debates with the roll-out of OECD type transfer pricing regimes on the ground? Case study evidence collected in these countries reveals that policymakers prefer anti-avoidance measures that are widespread and considered global practice. The widespread adoption of OECD transfer pricing norms worldwide gives them a unique compatibility advantage – this allows governments to adopt them as a way to raise public revenue, without compromising their attractiveness to investors. These network externalities are among the powerful lock-in effects that have cemented the position of the OECD guidelines in global tax governance. This study complements this narrative with a more bottom-up perspective. This highlights how domestic coalitions drive support for the OECD framework by mobilising both ideational and economic network effects. From this perspective the OECD rules are still an authoritative focal point for policymakers because interested social groups leverage concern about investor attractiveness. Ideational incentives shape bureaucratic policy advice to OECD standards. Civil society organisations, despite their critical stance towards the OECD guidelines at a global level, did not coalesce around a specific alternative – and instead raised the urgency of increasing public revenue.
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Adegoke, Damilola, Natasha Chilambo, Adeoti Dipeolu, Ibrahim Machina, Ade Obafemi-Olopade e Dolapo Yusuf. Public discourses and Engagement on Governance of Covid-19 in Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Leadership Center, King's College London, dezembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lab.202101.
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Numerous studies have emerged so far on Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) across different disciplines. There is virtually no facet of human experience and relationships that have not been studied. In Nigeria, these studies include knowledge and attitude, risk perception, public perception of Covid-19 management, e-learning, palliatives, precautionary behaviours etc.,, Studies have also been carried out on public framing of Covid-19 discourses in Nigeria; these have explored both offline and online messaging and issues from the perspectives of citizens towards government’s policy responses such as palliative distributions, social distancing and lockdown. The investigators of these thematic concerns deployed different methodological tools in their studies. These tools include policy evaluations, content analysis, sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, in depth-interviews as well as machine learning., These studies nearly always focus on the national government policy response, with little or no focus on the constituent states. In many of the studies, the researchers work with newspaper articles for analysis of public opinions while others use social media generated contents such as tweets) as sources for analysis of sentiments and opinions. Although there are others who rely on the use of survey questionnaires and other tools outlined above; the limitations of these approaches necessitated the research plan adopted by this study. Most of the social media users in Nigeria are domiciled in cities and their demography comprises the middle class (socio-economic) who are more likely to be literate with access to internet technologies. Hence, the opinions of a majority of the population who are most likely rural dwellers with limited access to internet technologies are very often excluded. This is not in any way to disparage social media content analysis findings; because the opinions expressed by opinion leaders usually represent the larger subset of opinions prevalent in the society. Analysing public perception using questionnaires is also fraught with its challenges, as well as reliance on newspaper articles. A lot of the newspapers and news media organisations in Nigeria are politically hinged; some of them have active politicians and their associates as their proprietors. Getting unbiased opinions from these sources might be difficult. The news articles are also most likely to reflect and amplify official positions through press releases and interviews which usually privilege elite actors. These gaps motivated this collaboration between Ekiti State Government and the African Leadership Centre at King’s College London to embark on research that will primarily assess public perceptions of government leadership response to Covid-19 in Ekiti State. The timeframe of the study covers the first phase of the pandemic in Ekiti State (March/April to August 2020).
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Brice, Jeremy. Investment, power and protein in sub-Saharan Africa. Editado por Tara Garnett. TABLE, outubro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/d8817170.
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The place of protein in sub-Saharan Africa’s food system is changing rapidly, raising complex international development, global health and environmental sustainability issues. Despite substantial growth in the region’s livestock agriculture sector, protein consumption per capita remains low, and high levels of undernourishment persist. Meanwhile sub-Saharan Africa’s population is growing and urbanising rapidly, creating expectations that demand for protein will increase rapidly over the coming decades and triggering calls for further investment in the expansion and intensification of the region’s meat and dairy sector. However, growing disquiet over the environmental impacts of further expansion in livestock numbers, and growing sales of alternative protein products in the Global North, has raised questions about the future place of plant-based, insect and lab-grown proteins in African diets and food systems. This report examines financial investment in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins from the position that investors play an important role in shaping the development of diets and food systems because they are able to mobilise the financial resources required to develop new protein products, infrastructures and value chains, or to prevent their development by withholding investment. It therefore investigates which actors are financing the production in sub-Saharan Africa of: a) animal proteins such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products; b) ‘protein crops’ such as beans, pulses and legumes; and c) processed ‘alternative proteins’ derived from plants, insects, microbes or animal cells grown in a tissue culture. Through analysing investment by state, philanthropic and private sector organisations – as well as multilateral financial institutions such as development banks – it aims to establish which protein sources and stages of the value chain are financed by different groups of investors and to explore the values and goals which shape their investment decisions. To this end, the report examines four questions: 1. Who is currently investing in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa? 2. What goals do these investors aim to achieve (or what sort of future do they seek to bring about) through making these investments? 3. Which protein sources and protein production systems do they finance? 4. What theory of change links their investment strategy to these goals? In addressing these questions, this report explores what sorts of protein production and provisioning systems different investor groups might be helping to bring into being in sub-Saharan Africa. It also considers what alternative possibilities might be marginalised due to a lack of investment. It thus seeks to understand whose priorities, preferences and visions for the future of food might be informing the changing place of protein in the region’s diets, economies and food systems.
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Addressing African Swine Fever : Protocols and Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis. WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health), maio de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/asf.3475.
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The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and other partners have been actively working in countries affected or at risk of incursion by African swine fever (ASF). This manual is an updated and expanded version of guidance first published in 2020 following the emergence of ASF in China, other Asian countries, and countries of the Pacific and Caribbean regions.
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Water Security Seminar: Sustainable Development Goal 6, Access to Water and Sanitation for all. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2023/93.
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On 14 March 2023 the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) hosted the Water Security Seminar to launch the ASSAf Statement on Water Security in South Africa, and engage across sectors on solutions to strengthen water sustainability. The crafting of the Statement was necessitated by the United Nations 2023 Water Conference and to highlight the socio-economic threat in the face of continuously declining water security in South Africa, thus a call for action. The solution targeted Statement was crafted by a 20-member panel from various local institutions. The Statement was in sync with the discussion themes of the UN 2023 Water Conference, namely, (1) Water for Health, (2) Water for Development, (3) Water for Climate, Resilience and Environment, (4) Water for Cooperation, and (5) Water Action Decade. During the Seminar, the Statement was handed over to the water sector leader, the Department of Water and Sanitation represented by their Chief Engineer, Mr Mark Bannister. Mr Bannister additionally gave an overview of South Africa’s progress concerning Sustainable Development Goal 6. Sectors that attended the Seminar include, government (national and local government), academia and research institutions, water boards, business, agriculture, energy generation, media, non-governmental organisations. Seminar attendance by youth was noteworthy as represented by: Jabulani Technical Secondary School (Soweto), South African Young Academy of Science, Sibayeni Metro Farming, Young Water Professionals, South Africa Youth Parliament for Water. During the Seminar, ASSAf additionally communicated endeavours to establish the ASSAf Water Security Forum as a multi-sectoral platform to engage on water issues concerning South Africa.
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The Launch of the National Rollout of the Municipal Innovation Maturity Index (MIMI) (A tool to measure innovation in municipalities). Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0076.
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The MIMI project was initiated by the DSI in partnership with the South African Local Government Association (SALGA), the HSRC and UKZN. The purpose of this initiative was to develop an innovative tool capable of assessing and measuring the innovation landscape in municipalities, thus enabling municipalities to adopt innovative practices to improve service delivery. The outcome of the implementation testing, based on the participation of 22 municipalities, demonstrated the value and the capacity of MIMI to produce innovation maturity scores for municipalities. The digital assessment tool looked at how a municipality, as an organisation, responds to science, technology and innovation (STI) linked to service delivery, and the innovation capabilities and readiness of the municipality and the officials themselves. The tool is also designed to recommend areas of improvements in adopting innovative practices and nurturing an innovation mindset for impactful municipal service delivery. The plan going forward is to conduct learning forums to train municipal officials on how to use the MIMI digital platform, inform them about the nationwide implementation rollout plan and support municipal officials to engage in interactive and shared learnings to allow them to move to higher innovation maturity levels. The virtual launch featured a keynote address by the DSI Director-General, Dr Phil Mjwara; Prof Mehmet Akif Demircioglu from the National University of Singapore gave an international perspective on innovation measurements in the public sector; and messages of support were received from MIMI partners, delivered by Prof Mosa Moshabela, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (DVC) of Research at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) and Prof Leickness Simbayi, Acting CEO of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC). It attracted over 200 attendees from municipalities, government, business and private sector stakeholders, academics, policymakers and the international audience. @ASSAf_Official; @dsigovza; #MIMI_Launch; #IID