Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Optimisation multi-échelle"
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Kempfer, Kévin. "Simulation multi-échelle de l'interaction polymère-charge". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC051.
Texto completo da fonteIn the tire industry, the addition of nanosized silica fillers into rubber is a commonly used process due to the outstanding mechanical properties of the resulting composite material. However, the link between the underlying chemistry and the mechanical behavior of this material remains unsolved. The aim of this thesis is to investigate this system using molecular simulation. In order to cover wide length and time scales, inherent to this type of material, we took the route of applying a multiscale simulation strategy. Starting from coarse-grained reference trajectories obtained from higher resolution molecular dynamics trajectories, we build realistic coarse-grained dissipative dynamics models by using the bayesian optimization method. Our models quantitatively predict the characteristic behavior of entangled polymer chains. This multiscale approach, extended to the polymer-silica interaction, allows us to successfully model the thermodynamic, the structural, and the dynamic properties of a system made up of one silica nanoparticle, grafted or not, dispersed in an amorphous polymer matrix. This work opens the way towards the quantitative prediction of the viscoelastic properties of reinforced rubbers on time scales up to the microsecond. These time scales, inaccessible by mean of an atomistic description, are now reachable thanks to our coarse potentials
Djourachkovitch, Tristan. "Conception de matériaux micro-architecturés innovants : Application à l'optimisation topologique multi-échelle". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI086.
Texto completo da fonteThe design on innovative micro-architectured materials is a key issue of modern material science. One can find many examples of this kind of materials such as composites materials, foams, and even micro-architectured materials (materials which come along with some periodicity properties at the small scale). A common criterion for these materials is their ratio between weight and stiffness. Topology optimization is well suited for the design of this kind of material since the criterion that is subject to improvement is directly integrated in the formulation of the minimization problem. In this context, we propose some methods for the design of micro-architectured materials using topology optimization and for several criteria. We afterwards illustrate the benefits of these materials thought multi-scale simulations based on the theory of the first gradient and the scale separability assumption in the homogenization framework.A coupled macro/micro optimization method is presented for the concurrent optimization of the these two interdependent scales. The development of a numerical demonstrator has allowed to illustrated those various methods and to test several optimization criteria, mechanical models etcetera. In order to reduce the computational costs that might become exorbitant especially for multi-scale problems since the number of design variables increases significantly, a database approach is proposed. A broad range of micro-architectured materials is stored (and enhanced) for several criteria (weight, stiffness, original behaviour). This database is then consulted throughout the coupled optimization
Rodriguez, Pila Ernesto. "Contribution aux choix de modélisations pour la conception de structures multi-échelle sous incertitudes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0222/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe design of multi-scale structures is based on predictive and experimental modelling. To achieve a high level of precision, modelling rest on a high number of experimental tests and sophisticated analytical and numerical developments integrating all possible knowledge about the quantity of interest. Adding knowledge into models diminishes the uncertainty on quantities of interest and significantly impacts the cost of modelling, a high impact factor on the design cost. The designer must be able to control the suitability of the integration of knowledge into the prediction of quantities of interest and its impact on the cost of modelling. The research carried out in this work is structured around the development of a methodology of assistance to the design under uncertainties allowing the designer to choose combinations between several predictive and experimental models, called modelling paths, presenting different compromises between the cost of modelling and the uncertainty on quantities of interest. The work is based on a pyramidal representation of experimental and predictive modelling. Random and epistemic uncertainties related to materials, models and geometrical tolerances are aggregated and propagated in the pyramid up to the quantities of interest of the structure. An adaptive method based on fuzzy logics for estimating the cost of modelling has been proposed. The multi objective problem aiming to minimizing the uncertainties on the quantities of interest and the cost of modelling is solved by means of the « NSGA-II » genetic algorithm, allowing to identify robust optimized modelling paths. This methodology is applied to a thick composite vessel for hydrogen storage. The proposed methodology demonstrates the possibility of rationalization of experimental and predictive models carried out to obtain the burst pressure of the vessel with a controlled precision. In a second step, the methodology is used to redesign the vessel considering larger or smaller volumes and with different burst pressure targets. Robust modelling paths obtained deliver design solutions adapted to the redesign requirements with a controlled modelling cost and a managed level of uncertainty
Marcatili, Sara. "Multi-scale dosimetry for targeted radionuclide therapy optimisation". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30211/document.
Texto completo da fonteTargeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) consists in killing tumour targets by using radiolabeled vectors (radiopharmaceuticals) that selectively bind to tumour cells. In a context of TRT optimization, a better determination of energy deposition within biologic material is a prerequisite to the definition of the absorbed dose-effect relationship and the improvement of future cancer treatment. This requires being able to quantitatively assess activity distribution (with the most appropriate molecular imaging technique) and perform radiation transport at the scale at which biologically relevant phenomena occur. The methodologies that should be applied and the problematic to be faced strictly depend on the scale (cell, tissue, body) of the application considered, and on the type of radiation involved (photons, electrons, alpha). This research work consisted in developing dedicated dosimetric techniques (single-scale dosimetry) capable of taking into account the peculiarity of different experimental scenarios (cellular, pre-clinical, clinical TRT)
Benabdallah, Nadia. "Optimisation de la dosimétrie en alphathérapie par approche multi-échelle : application au traitement des métastases osseuses par le ²²³Ra". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS565/document.
Texto completo da fonteTargeted therapy is based on the administration of a radiopharmaceutical, which will bind specifically in tumor regions in order to destroy them. Nowadays, this field is more and more promising thanks to the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, especially alpha emitters. Indeed, their characteristics confer a greater cytotoxicity to tumor cells while minimizing the unwanted radiation to healthy tissues in comparison with β- emitters.The goal here is to determine the administered activity, for each patient, which will ensure a maximum dose deposition in the tumor and a minimum dose deposition to the organs at risk. For alpha emitting radiopharmaceuticals, the dosimetric evaluation is a main challenge because of the particles short range.To meet this challenge, the proposed studies will focus on ²²³Ra (Xofigo®), which is the first alpha emitter that has received marketing authorization from European Commission in November 2013 for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer metastasized to bones. These studies were organized in three different challenges.The first challenge is to perform ²²³Ra imaging in order to determine the activity distribution in patient body. Indeed, the short path of alpha particles prevents their detection. Nevertheless, ²²³Ra and its daughters have several gamma emissions. An optimized ²²³Ra imaging protocol for gamma-camera was implemented in collaboration with the European Hospital George Pompidou. Many experiments were performed on physical phantoms. This protocol was then accepted in a new multicenter phase I/II clinical trial for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with bone metastases.After the determination of the spatial distribution of the radiopharmaceutical, the temporal evolution must be taken into account. In order to calculate the cumulated activity from dynamic imaging, a biokinetic module has been implemented to the OEDIPE software (French acronym for “tool for personalized internal dose assessment”). This software developed by IRSN for the last fifteen years can perform precise and personalized Monte Carlo dosimetry from patient-specific anatomic and functional data.The second challenge involves the determination of the absorbed energy in the radiosensitive parts of the bone. Nowadays, the dosimetric parameters do not take the alpha particle energy, the bone site or the bone marrow proportion into account. Thus, dose calculations were optimized using the most recent and realistic bone models.Lastly, the third challenge is to characterize the distribution of ²²³Ra at the microscopic level in order to better assess the relationship between dose and biological effects. As theses parameters cannot be properly characterized on human, studies were performed on mice. Healthy mice and metastasis models, from a renal or prostate cancer, were developed in collaboration with the CIPA in Orléans. Differences of uptake between healthy tissues and metastases were studied in each model, at the microscopic scale using autoradiography methods performed in collaboration with the CRCNA at Nantes.Finally, this research work has helped to gain more insight into the various aspects of the ²²³Ra dosimetry. This work also offers tools to go further in dosimetry personalization for new alpha emitting radiopharmaceuticals, currently on the rise
Chouikhi, Najib. "Production de biométhane à partir de biogaz par technologie de séparation par adsorption PSA : optimisation numérique par approche multi-échelle". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST043.
Texto completo da fonteAs global interest in renewable energy intensifies, biogas production continues to grow as a clean, renewable source. Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) is considered as one of the most interesting technologies for the valorization of biogas into biomethane. The great flexibility of the PSA process is linked in some way to its complexity with several design and operating parameters which control the performance of the separation unit. The identification of these parameters by an experimental approach is practically impossible. A numerical study stage is essential for sizing the unit, designing the pressure cycle and identifying the optimal operating conditions before any experimental test.The general objective of the thesis was focused on the development of simulation tools for a biomethane purification process using PSA technology.In a first stage, a simulation based on one-dimensional non-isothermal dynamic model, where the intragranular mass transfer kinetics was modelled using a double driving force (bi-LDF) approximation, was implemented. A carbon molecular sieve (CMS-3K) was selected. This adsorbent ensures a high kinetic selectivity of carbon dioxide with respect to methane (CH4). The optimized cycle, composed of five columns and fifteen steps including three equalization steps and a purge gas recycling allowed a CH4 recovery of 92% with a moderate specific energy consumption of 0.35 kWh/Nm3 , at the same time respecting the grid injection specifications (97% CH4 purity ). The performance obtained is thus compatible with industrial operation.The development of a multidimensional (3D) and multi-scale (column/grain/crystal) numerical model would serve to evaluate the limits of the assumptions and correlations used in usual simulators. The first step consists in simulating the gas flow in an adsorbent bed having a reaslistic stacking.. Thus, an inert packed bed was numerically generated by DEM calculation (discrete element modeling) for a column of laboratory size. The use of OpenFOAM (CFD software) allowed to calculate the three-dimensional tracer gas flow in the column. In parallel an experimental study of the breakthrough curves was carried out using a bed having the same dimensions and characteristics. The breakthrough times and the dispersion-diffusion coefficients calculated and measured were similar. However the simulation showed some divergences in the concentration of the tracer locally in the column, due to difficulties in meshing. The next step will consist in taking into account grain-fluid interactions by considering porous adsorbent grains
Billy, Frédérique. "Modélisation mathématique multi-échelle de l'angiogenèse tumorale : analyse de la réponse tumorale aux traitements anti-angiogéniques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00631513.
Texto completo da fonteDuctor, Sylvain. "Mécanismes de coordination pour l'allocation dynamique de ressources dans des systèmes multi-agents large-échelle et ouverts". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066036.
Texto completo da fonteMAS offer a paradigm that is adapted to resolve distributed constraint optimisation problemsNowadays, more application must handle such problems, and notably in domains like cloud computing or ubiquitous computing. In those domains, differents agents, that may have potentially conflicting objectives, must coordinate in order to find a common solution. The aim is to optimise agents utilities while respecting problem constraints. We are interested in large-scale open and dynamic applications. Welfare engineering has recently propose a solid theoretical and experimental analysis for those kind of problems : iterated consensual negociation. This domain studies the relations between the agent rationalities, the coordination mecanism and the social abjective. However, as far as we know, no study of this domain was about formalising and designing coordination mecanisms. This thesis is about designing operational mecanisms in the context of welfare engineering. We firstly contribute to this domain by elaborating a formal model of coordination mecanisms and then we develop an abstract architecture for agent negociation. We propose five mecanisms that are applicable to large scale dynamic and open application. Four of them consider the restricted contect of resource allocation. Finally an experimental validation has been conducted and compared the mecanisms to a parallel and a distributed approach
Lopez, Castano Silvia. "Optimisation des propriétés statiques du Ti-6Al-4V obtenu par Déposition Directe de fil via une analyse multi-échelle des microstructures". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30108.
Texto completo da fonteAdditive manufacturing is of great interest to the aerospace industry in a context of competition to reduce costs and environmental footprint. It is especially attractive for parts made with high value-added materials such as titanium alloys, as is the case of the Ti-6Al-4V. Nowadays, Wire-Direct Energy Deposition processes are receiving particular attention from the industry as they can produce larger metallic parts more quickly than other technologies, making possible the serial production of aircraft components such as the pylon. However, these large-scale additive manufacturing technologies, and in particular the EBAM technique that uses an electron beam as energy source, involve layer thicknesses and melt pool sizes that generate complex thermal histories. These thermal conditions lead at the same time to singular microstructure and/or textures compared to traditional technologies, which would have a direct impact on mechanical properties. Therefore, the main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is to determine the optimal manufacturing conditions regarding the static properties. For this purpose, the identification of the main microstructural characteristics is carried out both at the macrostructure and microstructure scale to better understand the general characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V components obtained by the EBAM technique. The most remarkable aspects are the formation of large columnar β grains crossing several layers and especially the presence of parallel lines perpendicular to the substrate. In the vicinity of these lines, called layer bands, a change in the morphology and size of α lamellae occurs due to different thermal histories generated during the deposition of different layers. A study of the possible influence of this microstructural gradient on the distribution of plastic deformation in relation to the microstructure is performed. A deformation localization with large slip bands is observed just below these layer bands, where a “coarse” basketweave microstructure is present. Once the main characteristics are known, a study of the influence of some key operating parameters (interpass time, beam current, wire feed speed, and travel speed) on different aspects (thermal history, macro/microstructure, chemical composition) is carried out through a complete quantitative analysis with the aim of understanding their influence on the final properties and thus being able to design a guide for the optimization of the static properties. Finally, a β annealing heat treatment has been finally proposed as a possible alternative for the improvement of the mechanical properties
Fontecha, Dulcey Gilberto. "Modèle paramétrique, réduit et multi-échelle pour l’optimisation interactive de structures composites". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0247/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe design process of laminated composites faces a major challenge: while an engineer designing a metallic based mechanical product is mainly focusing on the development of a shape that will guarantee a specific behavior, the engineer designing a composite based product must find the best combination of the shape-material structure. Therefore, he must simultaneously create a material and the product topology. The number of design solutions can be huge since the solution space is considerable.Standard CAE systems (CAD, Finite Element Simulation) do not provide an approach to explore these solution spaces efficiently and interactively. A new numerical procedure is proposed to allow engineers to handle each design parameter of a laminated composite structure, each at its relevant scale.First, the Parametric and Reduced Behavior Model (PRBM) is a separated model that enables reasoning based on1- A multiscale approach: the mechanical parameters of the structure are explicitly described as coming from the material quality of each fiber, the matrix, each layer and the topology of the laminate,2- A multiphysical approach: independently the mechanical behavior of each layer and each interface is processed, leading to the behavior of the laminate. Some situations of static and dynamic behavior are studied. In the case of dynamic behavior, the creeping becomes a conceptual issue.Secondly, a method mixing fractional derivatives and the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) method allowed the creation of the PRBM. Integrated into a Parametric Knowledge Model (PKM) with other expert knowledge models, the PRBM makes the basis of an interactive method of design support.The PKM is processed by an evolutionary optimization method. As a result, the designer can interactively explore the design space. To qualify our models and our PRBM, we study two problems of design of laminated composite structures. The solutions determined are qualified versus finite element simulations or according to an empirical approach
El diseño de una estructura compuesta es un desafío mayor, mientras que un ingeniero que diseña un producto mecánico con materiales metálicos se concentra principalmente en el desarrollo de una geometría que garantice un comportamiento específico, el ingeniero que diseña un producto con materiales compuestos debe encontrar la mejor combinación forma – estructura del material. De esta manera, el ingeniero debe diseñar simultáneamente el material y la topología del producto, razón por la que esta combinación se vislumbra compleja, puesto que los espacios de solución son gran tamaño.Las herramientas CAO y de simulación por elementos finitos no ofrecen al diseñador una metodología que permita explorar los espacios de solución de manera interactiva y rápida. Por lo tanto, este trabajo de tesis propone un nuevo enfoque numérico que permite manipular parámetros de diseño que caracterizan la estructura compuesta, cualquiera que sea la escala de pertinencia.Como primera medida, el modelo de comportamiento paramétrico y reducido (Parametric and Reduced Behavior Model, PRBM) es un modelo definido de manera separada que permite:1- Un enfoque multiescala: los parámetros mecánicos se presentan de manera explícita en términos de las propiedades de cada fibra, de la matriz, de cada capa y de la topología del mismo apilamiento.2- Un enfoque multifísico: el comportamiento mecánico de cada capa y cada interface se modela de manera independiente para dar lugar al comportamiento del apilamiento. Se estudian situaciones de casos de comportamiento estático y dinámico. En el caso dinámico en particular, se tiene en cuenta también la característica viscoelástica de las interfaces.Como segunda medida, un método que combina derivadas no enteras y el uso de la descomposición propia generalizada (PGD), permite la realización del PRBM. Este constituye la base de un método interactivo de ayuda al diseño, pues está integrado dentro de un modelo de conocimiento (PKM) que también incorpora mejores prácticas aprendidas por expertos.El PKM es utilizado por un método de optimización evolucionaria. De esta manera, el diseñador puede explorar de manera interactiva los espacios de solución. Para validar nuestros modelos y el PRBM, se estudian dos problemas de diseño de estructuras apiladas. Las soluciones obtenidas se comparan con respecto a simulaciones obtenidas por el método de los elementos finitos y con respecto a resultados experimentales
Lesart, Anne-Cécile. "Modélisation théorique du développement tumoral sous fenêtre dorsale : Vers un outil clinique d'individualisation et d'optimisation de la thérapie". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061838.
Texto completo da fonteGlé, Philippe. "Acoustique des Matériaux du Bâtiment à base de Fibres et Particules Végétales - Outils de Caractérisation, Modélisation et Optimisation". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923665.
Texto completo da fonteMamo, Tesfayesus. "Planification stratégique, tactique et opérationnelle intégrée de la biomasse basée sur la canne à sucre vers les chaînes d'approvisionnement en biocarburants : une approche hybride d'optimisation et de subsitution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP040.
Texto completo da fonteIn recent years, research has focused heavily on the production of biofuel from biomass due to its potential as a renewable energy source, its high potential to replace the high cost of fossil fuels, and the environmental concerns associated with its excessive consumption. However, to effectively provide a biofuel product that can compete in the market, the establishment of resilient supply chain planning is important. Therefore, supply chain planning that considers a holistic approach is essential to improving the efficiency of the biofuel supply chain.In the literature, biofuel supply chain planning has been done hierarchically at the strategic (long-term decisions: supply network design), tactical (medium-term decisions: management of network design), and operational (short-term decisions: routing) levels by developing distinct models. The problem with the hierarchical method is that using solutions from one level may result in inconsistent or infeasible solutions. This is because each lower planning level (tactical and operational) includes variations that are not accountable at higher planning levels (strategic). However, integrating the three decision levels frequently leads to large mixed-integer linear or non-linear problems that require enormous computational effort to solve. Thus, a method that can overcome the computational problem is required. Therefore, the main goal of this dissertation is to accurately integrate the different decision levels and study the impact of the decision across these scales by maximizing the economic benefits and minimizing the environmental impacts across the biofuel supply chain.This work addresses a holistic approach to supply chain optimization by integrating the three decision levels (strategic, tactical, and operational). Firstly, an optimization model that integrates strategic and tactical decisions is developed in the first stage, and a vehicle routing problem is developed as an operational model in the second stage. To optimally solve the optimization model with the operational model, a novel sequential iterative approach is designed. The optimization model is mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) that maximizes the NPV of the bioethanol supply chain, while the operational model is a vehicle routing problem (VRP) that minimizes the transportation cost. Secondly, an effort is made to incorporate environmental perspectives into the integrated strategic and tactical plan of the biomass-to-biofuel supply chain, coupled with the operational plan. This is achieved by incorporating an environmental objective that quantifies the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the supply chain. The environmental performance of the biofuel supply chain is assessed using a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the system and converted into monetary value by adopting an eco-cost approach. The developed approach is applied to optimize the biofuel supply chain in Ethiopia's biofuel sector, overcome the computational complexity associated with solving the underlying large-scale mixed integer linear problem, and provide a better representation of supply chain reality. The result of this research highlights the contribution of the operational level in enhancing the quality, coherence, and relevance of the results, as well as their impact on the strategic and tactical levels
Yang, Bin. "Contribution to a kernel of symbolic asymptotic modeling software". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2055/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is dedicated to develop a kernel of a symbolic asymptotic modeling software packageMEMSALab which will be used for automatic generation of asymptotic models for arrays of micro andnanosystems. Unlike traditional software packages aimed at numerical simulations by using pre-builtmodels, the purpose of MEMSALab is to derive asymptotic models for input equations by taking intoaccount their own features. An approach called ”by extension-combination” for the asymptotic modelingwhich allows an incremental model construction is firstly proposed for the homogenization modelderivation. It relies on a combination of the asymptotic method used in the field of partial differentialequations with term rewriting techniques coming from computer science. This approach focuses onthe model derivation for family of PDEs instead of each of them. An homogenization model of theelectrothermoelastic equation defined in a multi-layered thin domain has been derived by applyingthe mathematical method used in this approach. At last, an optimization tool has been developed bycombining a house-made optimization software package SIMBAD and COMSOL-MATLAB simulationand it has been applied for optimization of a SThM probe
Koyeerath, Graham Danny. "Topology optimization in interfacial flows using the pseudopotential model". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU4008.
Texto completo da fonteThe optimization of systems and processes is an exercise that is carried out taking into account one’s experience and knowledge. Here we explore a mathematical approach to optimize physical problems by utilizing various optimization algorithms. In this thesis, the preliminary objective of the optimizer is to modify the flow characteristics of the system by tweaking the capillary forces. This could be accomplished by modifying either of the two sets of parameters: (a) by introducing a wetting solid material i.e. the level-set parameter or (b) by changing the wettability of the existing solid surfaces i.e. the wettability parameter. We propose that the former set of parameters could be modified using the topology optimization algorithm, where the gradient of the cost function is obtained by solving an adjointstate state model for the single component multiphase Shan and Chen (SCMP-SC) model. Similarly, we propose that the latter set of parameters are modified using the wettability optimization algorithm where we again derive an adjoint-state model for the SCMP-SC. Lastly, we utilize a multiscale optimization algorithm, where we compute the gradient of the cost function using the finite difference. We have succeeded in demonstrating the competence of this optimizer for maximizing the mean velocity of a 2D droplet by up to 69%
Xia, Liang. "Towards optimal design of multiscale nonlinear structures : reduced-order modeling approaches". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2230/document.
Texto completo da fonteHigh-performance heterogeneous materials have been increasingly used nowadays for their advantageous overall characteristics resulting in superior structural mechanical performance. The pronounced heterogeneities of materials have significant impact on the structural behavior that one needs to account for both material microscopic heterogeneities and constituent behaviors to achieve reliable structural designs. Meanwhile, the fast progress of material science and the latest development of 3D printing techniques make it possible to generate more innovative, lightweight, and structurally efficient designs through controlling the composition and the microstructure of material at the microscopic scale. In this thesis, we have made first attempts towards topology optimization design of multiscale nonlinear structures, including design of highly heterogeneous structures, material microstructural design, and simultaneous design of structure and materials. We have primarily developed a multiscale design framework, constituted of two key ingredients : multiscale modeling for structural performance simulation and topology optimization forstructural design. With regard to the first ingredient, we employ the first-order computational homogenization method FE2 to bridge structural and material scales. With regard to the second ingredient, we apply the method Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) to perform topology optimization. In contrast to the conventional nonlinear design of homogeneous structures, this design framework provides an automatic design tool for nonlinear highly heterogeneous structures of which the underlying material model is governed directly by the realistic microstructural geometry and the microscopic constitutive laws. Note that the FE2 method is extremely expensive in terms of computing time and storage requirement. The dilemma of heavy computational burden is even more pronounced when it comes to topology optimization : not only is it required to solve the time-consuming multiscale problem once, but for many different realizations of the structural topology. Meanwhile we note that the optimization process requires multiple design loops involving similar or even repeated computations at the microscopic scale. For these reasons, we introduce to the design framework a third ingredient : reduced-order modeling (ROM). We develop an adaptive surrogate model using snapshot Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Diffuse Approximation to substitute the microscopic solutions. The surrogate model is initially built by the first design iteration and updated adaptively in the subsequent design iterations. This surrogate model has shown promising performance in terms of reducing computing cost and modeling accuracy when applied to the design framework for nonlinear elastic cases. As for more severe material nonlinearity, we employ directly an established method potential based Reduced Basis Model Order Reduction (pRBMOR). The key idea of pRBMOR is to approximate the internal variables of the dissipative material by a precomputed reduced basis computed from snapshot POD. To drastically accelerate the computing procedure, pRBMOR has been implemented by parallelization on modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The implementation of pRBMOR with GPU acceleration enables us to realize the design of multiscale elastoviscoplastic structures using the previously developed design framework inrealistic computing time and with affordable memory requirement. We have so far assumed a fixed material microstructure at the microscopic scale. The remaining part of the thesis is dedicated to simultaneous design of both macroscopic structure and microscopic materials. By the previously established multiscale design framework, we have topology variables and volume constraints defined at both scales
Azzouzi, Jaouad. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'optimisation des machines synchrones à aimants permanents à flux axial. Application au cas de l'aérogénérateur". Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634713.
Texto completo da fonteKervazo, Christophe. "Optimization framework for large-scale sparse blind source separation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS354/document.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the last decades, Blind Source Separation (BSS) has become a key analysis tool to study multi-valued data. The objective of this thesis is however to focus on large-scale settings, for which most classical algorithms fail. More specifically, it is subdivided into four sub-problems taking their roots around the large-scale sparse BSS issue: i) introduce a mathematically sound robust sparse BSS algorithm which does not require any relaunch (despite a difficult hyper-parameter choice); ii) introduce a method being able to maintain high quality separations even when a large-number of sources needs to be estimated; iii) make a classical sparse BSS algorithm scalable to large-scale datasets; and iv) an extension to the non-linear sparse BSS problem. The methods we propose are extensively tested on both simulated and realistic experiments to demonstrate their quality. In-depth interpretations of the results are proposed
Creus, Tomàs Jordi. "ROSES : Un moteur de requêtes continues pour l'agrégation de flux RSS à large échelle". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771539.
Texto completo da fonteGobé, Alexis. "Méthodes Galerkin discontinues pour la simulation de problèmes multiéchelles en nanophotonique et applications au piégeage de la lumière dans des cellules solaires". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4011.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this thesis is the numerical study of light trapping in nanostructured solar cells. Climate change has become a major issue requiring a short-term energy transition. In this context, solar energy seems to be an ideal energy source. This resource is both globally scalable and environmentally friendly. In order to maximize its penetration, it is needed to increase the amount of light absorbed and reduce the costs associated with cell design. Light trapping is a strategy that achieves both of these objectives. The principle is to use nanometric textures to focus the light in the absorbing semiconductor layers. In this work, the Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain (DGTD) method is introduced. Two major methodological developments are presented, allowing to better take into account the characteristics of solar cells. First, the use of a local approximation order is proposed, based on a particular order distribution strategy. The second development is the use of hybrid meshes mixing structured hexahedral and unstructured tetrahedral elements. Realistic cases of solar cells from the literature and collaborations with physicists in the field of photovoltaics illustrate the contribution of these developments. A case of inverse optimization of a diffraction grating in a solar cell is also presented by coupling the numerical solver with a Bayesian optimization algorithm. In addition, an in-depth study of the solver's performance has also been carried out with methodological modifications to counter load balancing problems. Finally, a more prospective method, the Multiscale Hybrid-Mixed method (MHM) specialized in solving very highly multiscale problems is introduced. A multiscale time scheme is presented and its stability is proven
Nodet, Maëlle. "Problèmes inverses pour l'environnement : outils, méthodes et applications". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00930102.
Texto completo da fonte