Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Online community networks"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Online community networks"
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Fani, Hossein, e Ebrahim Bagheri. "Community detection in social networks". Encyclopedia with Semantic Computing and Robotic Intelligence 01, n.º 01 (março de 2017): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2425038416300019.
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Online social networks have become a fundamental part of the global online experience. They facilitate different modes of communication and social interactions, enabling individuals to play social roles that they regularly undertake in real social settings. In spite of the heterogeneity of the users and interactions, these networks exhibit common properties. For instance, individuals tend to associate with others who share similar interests, a tendency often known as homophily, leading to the formation of communities. This entry aims to provide an overview of the definitions for an online community and review different community detection methods in social networks. Finding communities are beneficial since they provide summarization of network structure, highlighting the main properties of the network. Moreover, it has applications in sociology, biology, marketing and computer science which help scientists identify and extract actionable insight.
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Walczak, Steven. "Artificial Neural Network Research in Online Social Networks". International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking 10, n.º 4 (outubro de 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvcsn.2018100101.
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Artificial neural networks are a machine learning method ideal for solving classification and prediction problems using Big Data. Online social networks and virtual communities provide a plethora of data. Artificial neural networks have been used to determine the emotional meaning of virtual community posts, determine age and sex of users, classify types of messages, and make recommendations for additional content. This article reviews and examines the utilization of artificial neural networks in online social network and virtual community research. An artificial neural network to predict the maintenance of online social network “friends” is developed to demonstrate the applicability of artificial neural networks for virtual community research.
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Kavanaugh, Andrea, John M. Carroll, Mary Beth Rosson, Than Than Zin e Debbie Denise Reese. "Community Networks: Where Offline Communities Meet Online". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10, n.º 4 (julho de 2005): 00. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00266.x.
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Pan, Gang, Wangsheng Zhang, Zhaohui Wu e Shijian Li. "Online Community Detection for Large Complex Networks". PLoS ONE 9, n.º 7 (25 de julho de 2014): e102799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102799.
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Ai, Chuan, Bin Chen, Hailiang Chen, Weihui Dai e Xiaogang Qiu. "Geographical Structural Features of the WeChat Social Networks". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050290.
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Recently, spatial interaction analysis of online social networks has become a big concern. Early studies of geographical characteristics analysis and community detection in online social networks have shown that nodes within the same community might gather together geographically. However, the method of community detection is based on the idea that there are more links within the community than that connect nodes in different communities, and there is no analysis to explain the phenomenon. The statistical models for network analysis usually investigate the characteristics of a network based on the probability theory. This paper analyzes a series of statistical models and selects the MDND model to classify links and nodes in social networks. The model can achieve the same performance as the community detection algorithm when analyzing the structure in the online social network. The construction assumption of the model explains the reasons for the geographically aggregating of nodes in the same community to a degree. The research provides new ideas and methods for nodes classification and geographic characteristics analysis of online social networks and mobile communication networks and makes up for the shortcomings of community detection methods that do not explain the principle of network generation. A natural progression of this work is to geographically analyze the characteristics of social networks and provide assistance for advertising delivery and Internet management.
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Yanchenko, Kostiantyn. "Community, network or both?" Communication & Language at Work 6, n.º 2 (23 de setembro de 2019): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/claw.v6i2.116081.
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This paper overviews scientific narratives surrounding communities and networks both off- and online and criticizes the dichotomous approach to the topic, according to which each social structure can be classified as either a community or a network. It is argued that such a division does not facilitate comprehension of the contemporary online social structures with their complexity and dynamism. The study provides an alternative view on the issue assuming that community and network are not mutually exclusive concepts and can be studied holistically. The proposed theoretical statement is operationalized and piloted on the example of ‘Aarhus Internationals’ Facebook group – an online venue for international expats in Denmark. A content analysis of the group`s posts showed how exactly community and network aspects of social structures may coexist and interact online.
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Nova, Fayika Farhat, Amanda Coupe, Elizabeth D. Mynatt, Shion Guha e Jessica A. Pater. "Cultivating the Community". Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, GROUP (14 de janeiro de 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3492826.
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A growing body of HCI research has sought to understand how online networks are utilized in the adoption and maintenance of disordered activities and behaviors associated with mental illness, including eating habits. However, individual-level influences over discrete online eating disorder (ED) communities are not yet well understood. This study reports results from a comprehensive network and content analysis (combining computational topic modeling and qualitative thematic analysis) of over 32,000 public tweets collected using popular ED-related hashtags during May 2020. Our findings indicate that this ED network in Twitter consists of multiple smaller ED communities where a majority of the nodes are exposed to unhealthy ED contents through retweeting certain influential central nodes. The emergence of novel linguistic indicators and trends (e.g., "#meanspo") also demonstrates the evolving nature of the ED network. This paper contextualizes ED influence in online communities through node-level participation and engagement, as well as relates emerging ED contents with established online behaviors, such as self-harassment.
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Yin, Naian, Yachao Lu e Nan Zhang. "Speed up random walk by leveraging community affiliation information". CCF Transactions on Pervasive Computing and Interaction 2, n.º 1 (13 de novembro de 2019): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42486-019-00021-2.
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Abstract Large online networks are most massive and opulent data sources these days. The inherent growing demands of analyses related data fetching conflict greatly with network providers’ efforts to protect their digital assets as well as users’ increasing awareness of privacy. Restrictions on web interfaces of online networks prevent third party researchers from gathering sufficient data and further global images of these networks are also hidden. Under such circumstances, only techniques like random walk approaches that can run under local neighborhood access will be adopted to fulfill large online network sampling tasks. Meanwhile, the presence of highly clustered community like structure in large networks leads to random walk’s poor conductance, causing intolerable and hard-to-foresee long mixing time before useful samples can be collected. With lack of techniques incorporate online network topology features being the context, in this paper we focus on taking use of community affiliation information that possibly comes with metadata when querying objects in online networks, and proposed a speeded version of random walk by raising the probability of inter-community edges being selected. Assuming the community structure is well established as promised, the community speeded random walk expects better conductance and faster convergence. Our method forces the sampler to travel rapidly among different communities that conquers the bottlenecks and thus the samples being collected are of higher quality. We also consider the scenario when community affiliation is not directly available, where we apply feature selection algorithms to select features as community.
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Dhumal, Amit, e Pravin Kamde. "Survey on Community Detection in Online Social Networks". International Journal of Computer Applications 121, n.º 9 (18 de julho de 2015): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/21571-4609.
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Zhang, Xuewu, Huangbin You, William Zhu, Shaojie Qiao, Jianwu Li, Louis Alberto Gutierrez, Zhuo Zhang e Xinnan Fan. "Overlapping community identification approach in online social networks". Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 421 (março de 2015): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2014.10.095.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Online community networks"
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Benigni, Matthew Curran. "Detection and Analysis of Online Extremist Communities". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/949.
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Online social networks have become a powerful venue for political activism. In many cases large, insular online communities form that have been shown to be powerful diffusion mechanisms of both misinformation and propaganda. In some cases these groups users advocate actions or policies that could be construed as extreme along nearly any distribution of opinion, and are thus called Online Extremist Communities (OECs). Although these communities appear increasingly common, little is known about how these groups form or the methods used to influence them. The work in this thesis provides researchers a methodological framework to study these groups by answering three critical research questions: How can we detect large dynamic online activist or extremist communities? What automated tools are used to build, isolate, and influence these communities? What methods can be used to gain novel insight into large online activist or extremist communities? These group members social ties can be inferred based on the various affordances offered by OSNs for group curation. By developing heterogeneous, annotated graph representations of user behavior I can efficiently extract online activist discussion cores using an ensemble of unsupervised machine learning methods. I call this technique Ensemble Agreement Clustering. Through manual inspection, these discussion cores can then often be used as training data to detect the larger community. I present a novel supervised learning algorithm called Multiplex Vertex Classification for network bipartition on heterogeneous, annotated graphs. This methodological pipeline has also proven useful for social botnet detection, and a study of large, complex social botnets used for propaganda dissemination is provided as well. Throughout this thesis I provide Twitter case studies including communities focused on the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), the ongoing Syrian Revolution, the Euromaidan Movement in Ukraine, as well as the alt-Right.
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Spiro, Emma S. "Searching for community online: how virtual spaces affect student notions of community". Pomona College, 2007. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,15.
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Social networking sites and virtual spaces have flourished in the past few years. The author explores the impact of such social networking services on the local community at a small liberal arts college. The author investigates modern trends in community theory. Defining community has become more difficult in modern society, where community is no longer easily distinguished by geographical boundaries. From the background of modern community theory the author explores the designation of virtual spaces as “virtual communities.” Literature and research about virtual spaces indicates that they can provide many of the values thought be to inherent to community membership. The strong localized community on campus makes students hesitant in calling Facebook a “virtual community,” despite its strong integration with the face-to-face community itself. Facebook is seen as simply a tool. This thesis incorporates research on one specific case study: through mathematical and ethnographic research of Facebook.com, the author evaluates the opinions of students in considering virtual spaces as communities.
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Caswell, Thomas Hubbard. "Designing an online support community for novice computer users". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2504.
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This project seeks to identify characteristics of successful online communities and apply them to designing and prototyping an online discussion forum where novice computer users can share computer questions and answers. Usability and sociability are identified as essential goals in the development of online communities. Appropriate and effective Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) software is evaluated and selected to run the discussion forum.
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Kidney, Colleen Anne. "Involvement in the Online Autistic Community, Identity, Community, and Well-Being". PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/627.
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The values of the disability rights movement and community psychology promote research that focuses on improving the lives of individuals with disabilities (Dowrick & Keys, 2001). Using the Internet for social interactions has been shown to contribute to an individual's identity development, sense of community, and well-being (Obst, Zinkiewicz, & Smith, 2002a; Turkle, 1995). While challenges in typical social interactions have traditionally been considered a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder, autistic individuals have taken advantage of the Internet to develop social interactions (Blume, 1997a). The present study focused on the online Autistic community and how the importance and value of involvement in it is related to Autistic identity, sense of community, and psychological well-being. The Academic Autistic Spectrum Partnership in Research and Education (AASPIRE) partnered with the Gernsbacher Lab to form the Gateway Project. Using the Gateway Project, AASPIRE conducted the Internet Use, Community, and Well-Being Study and collected data from 72 autistic adults online. It was hypothesized that the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community would be positively related to Autistic identity and sense of community, Autistic identity and sense of community would be positively related, and Autistic identity and sense of community would be positively related to psychological well-being. It was also hypothesized that the positive relationship between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and psychological well-being would be mediated by Autistic identity and sense of community. Correlations were examined among the hypothesized relationships, and a mediated regression model (Baron & Kenny, 1986) was used to explore the relationship between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and psychological well-being with Autistic identity and sense of community as mediators. Significant relationships were found between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and Autistic identity, between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and sense of community, and between autistic identity and sense of community. As a first step to test the mediated regression models, psychological well-being was regressed on the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community. The regression was not significant; therefore the hypothesized model was not significant. Despite non-significant mediated regression model results, significant relationships among the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and Autistic identity and sense of community offer important results. These finding illuminate the potential positive impact of the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community, including evidence counter to the myth that autistic individuals lack skills necessary for social relationships. These findings support the positive utility of involvement in the online Autistic community for autistic adults. Further research with a larger sample size is recommended, due to low power coefficients in the analyses. Additional research may also further illuminate the findings of the current study. Possible topics may include sense of community and Autistic identity in individuals that do not use the Internet, differences in the way the Internet is used in autistic individuals, and different measures of involvement in the online Autistic community and well-being.
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Henderson, Janie D. "Welcome to Facebook: Changing The Boundaries of Identity, Community And Disclosure". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218680716.
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Harris, Lisa, e Lisa Harris@rmit edu au. "Electronic Classroom, Electronic Community: Virtual Social Networks and Student Learning". RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080717.144715.
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The capacity for online learning environments to provide quality learning experiences for students has been the focus of much speculation and debate in the higher education sector from the late 1990s to the present day. In this area, 'quality' has become synonymous with engaging students in a learning community. This study reports on a qualitative research project designed to explore the significance of community for students when they study in online learning environments. This project used three case studies to explore tertiary students' thoughts and expectations about community in the online environment. The research was constructed iteratively. Data from the initial case suggested the need to explore the relationship between the constructed online learning environment and the development of learning communities or what I have termed Social Learning Support Networks (SLSN). To explore this issue further, the project was expanded and subsequent cases were chosen that included fundamentally different types of online learning environments. The project had two significant results. Firstly, students not only confirmed popular educational theories on the value of learning communities, but also described how this form of social connection might practically benefit their learning. Secondly, the project found that certain forms of synchronous online environments provided enhanced opportunities for students to form social connections that supported their learning. This project provides new evidence of the benefit of community for students studying online and argues that future online learning environments should be shaped by five key principles designed to foster a sense of social connection between students.
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Kayes, Md Imrul. "Content Abuse and Privacy Concerns in Online Social Networks". Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5967.
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Online Social Networks (OSNs) have seen an exponential growth over the last decade, with Facebook having more than 1.49 billion monthly active users and Twitter having 135,000 new users signing up every day as of 2015. Users are sharing 70 million photos per day on the Instagram photo-sharing network. Yahoo Answers question-answering community has more than 1 billion posted answers. The meteoric rise in popularity has made OSNs important social platforms for computer-mediated communications and embedded themselves into society’s daily life, with direct consequences to the offline world and activities. OSNs are built on a foundation of trust, where users connect to other users with common interests or overlapping personal trajectories. They leverage real-world social relationships and/or common preferences, and enable users to communicate online by providing them with a variety of interaction mechanisms.
This dissertation studies abuse and privacy in online social networks. More specifically, we look at two issues: (1) the content abusers in the community question answering (CQA) social network and, (2) the privacy risks that comes from the default permissive privacy settings of the OSNs. Abusive users have negative consequences for the community and its users, as they decrease the community’s cohesion, performance, and participation. We investigate the reporting of 10 million editorially curated abuse reports from 1.5 million users in Yahoo Answers, one of the oldest, largest, and most popular CQA platforms. We characterize the contribution and position of the content abusers in Yahoo Answers social networks. Based on our empirical observations, we build machine learning models to predict such users.
Users not only face the risk of exposing themselves to abusive users or content, but also face leakage risks of their personal information due to weak and permissive default privacy policies. We study the relationship between users’ privacy concerns and their engagement in Yahoo Answers social networks. We find privacy-concerned users have higher qualitative and quantitative contributions, show higher retention, report more abuses, have higher perception on answer quality and have larger social circles. Next, we look at users’ privacy concerns, abusive behavior, and engagement through the lenses of national cultures and discover cross-cultural variations in CQA social networks.
However, our study in Yahoo Answers reveals that the majority of users (about 87%) do not change the default privacy policies. Moreover, we find a similar story in a different type of social network (blogging): 92% bloggers’ do not change their default privacy settings. These results on default privacy are consistent with general-purpose social networks (such as Facebook) and warn about the importance of user-protecting default privacy settings.
We model and implement default privacy as contextual integrity in OSNs. We present a privacy framework, Aegis, and provide a reference implementation. Aegis models expected privacy as contextual integrity using semantic web tools and focuses on defining default privacy policies. Finally, this dissertation presents a comprehensive overview of the privacy and security attacks in the online social networks projecting them in two directions: attacks that exploit users’ personal information and declared social relationships for unintended purposes; and attacks that are aimed at the OSN service provider itself, by threatening its core business.
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Budiman, Adrian M. "Virtual Online Communities: A Study of Internet Based Community Interactions". Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1215559506.
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Nilphan, Pan. "Online communities and social networks : an ethnographic study of a Thai fan community". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7375.
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This thesis investigates how the social networks of Thai fans can be expanded through participation in an online community. We examine not only practices within online communities and social networks, but also broader contexts of the Internet which include fandom. Examining a Thai case illustrates how the use of the Internet is influenced by local contexts and cultures. Thai cultural values are used to explain the online social interactions of the Thai people. An online community of fans of the Thai novel, Petchprauma is selected for study. This community represents a ‘critical case’, where theoretical ideas concerning a decentralised role of the Internet, online fandom and relationships can be studied. This research was conducted using an ethnographic approach. The key methods comprised of non-participant observation, participant observation, textual analysis, and face-to-face interviews. This approach involved intensive participation as a Petchprauma fan both within the online and offline environments of the case study. The data collected from these different viewpoints was triangulated in order to ensure the validity, reliability and consistency of the research findings. This thesis argues that fans can expand their social networks through participation in on and offline activities. However, the degree of social network expansion is dependent on the fans’ positions in the hierarchical structure within the community. The difference in status of the community’s members results from the members’ levels of participations and personal characteristics. This finding also reflects the influential role of the Internet as social technology and as part of people’s daily lives, and as decentralised medium. The original contribution of this thesis is not only the study of the empirical data which provides original information for Thailand where there are a limited number of Internet studies, but also the use of particular analytical tools. Additionally, this thesis examines factors that contribute to different social status within online fan communities to explain the different degrees of social networks expansion of fans.
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Stuckey, Bronwyn. "Growing online community core conditions to support successful development of community in internet-mediated communities of practice /". Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080911.092048/index.html.
Texto completo da fonteLivros sobre o assunto "Online community networks"
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Carlén, Urban. A professional community goes online: A study of an online learning community in general medicine. Gothenburg, Sweden: Department of Applied Information Technology, University of Gothenburg, 2010.
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United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, ed. Neighborhood networks: Your online access opportunity. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, 1997.
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1965-, Werry Chris, e Mowbray Miranda 1962-, eds. Online communities: Commerce, community action and the virtual university. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall PTR, 2001.
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Morr, Christo El. Virtual community building and the information society: Current and future directions. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2011.
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1948-, Crandall Michael, e Fisher Karen E. 1966-, eds. Digital inclusion: Measuring the impact of information and community technology. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 2009.
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1948-, Crandall Michael, e Fisher Karen E. 1966-, eds. Digital inclusion: Measuring the impact of information and community technology. Medford, N.J: Published on behalf of the American Society for Information Science and Technology by Information Today, 2009.
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1963-, Hatzipanagos Stylianos, e Warburton Steven, eds. Handbook of research on social software and developing community ontologies. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2009.
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Burns, Jan. Build your online community: Blogging, message boards, newsgroups, and more. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 2011.
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García, Rubén Tamboleo. Community management: Comunicación política 2.0. Madrid: Instituto de Educación Superior TQM, 2014.
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Campbell, Heidi. Exploring religious community online: We are one in the network. New York: P. Lang, 2005.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Online community networks"
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Taenzer, Paul, Ivan Zendel, Judy M. Birdsell, S. Elizabeth McGregor e Simon Freiwald. "Cancer, Me??: Health Care Advice Goes Online". In Information Networks for Community Health, 205–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2246-0_12.
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Chen, Yunmo, e Xinyue Ye. "Online Community Conflict Decomposition with Pseudo Spatial Permutation". In Computational Data and Social Networks, 246–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34980-6_28.
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Chikhaoui, Belkacem, Jean Marie Tshimula e Shengrui Wang. "Community Mining and Cross-Community Discovery in Online Social Networks". In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 176–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57811-4_17.
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Sautter, Guido, Klemens Böhm e David King. "RefConcile – Automated Online Reconciliation of Bibliographic References". In Digital Libraries: Social Media and Community Networks, 161–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03599-4_20.
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Rajeh, Stephany, Marinette Savonnet, Eric Leclercq e Hocine Cherifi. "Comparing Community-Aware Centrality Measures in Online Social Networks". In Computational Data and Social Networks, 279–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91434-9_25.
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Liang, Xun. "Social Networks Structure Analysis and Online Community Discovery". In Social Computing with Artificial Intelligence, 155–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7760-4_7.
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Guidi, Barbara, Andrea Michienzi e Giulio Rossetti. "Dynamic Community Analysis in Decentralized Online Social Networks". In Euro-Par 2017: Parallel Processing Workshops, 517–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75178-8_42.
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Zhang, Jun, Mark S. Ackerman e Lada Adamic. "CommunityNetSimulator: Using Simulations to Study Online Community Networks". In Communities and Technologies 2007, 295–321. London: Springer London, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-905-7_16.
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Zhang, Mi, e Christopher C. Yang. "Post Classification and Recommendation for an Online Smoking Cessation Community". In Lecture Notes in Social Networks, 59–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68604-2_4.
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Abufouda, Mohammed. "Community Aliveness: Discovering Interaction Decay Patterns in Online Social Communities". In Lecture Notes in Social Networks, 97–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90312-5_7.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Online community networks"
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Wang, Jiarui, Xiaoyun Wang, Chun-Ming Lai e S. Felix Wu. "Online Social Community Sub-Location Classification". In ASONAM '23: International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3625007.3627504.
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Jaeger, Paul T., John Carlo Bertot, Andrea Kavanaugh, Tracy Viselli e David Nassar. "Panel proposal online community networks, e-government, and community-sourcing actions". In the 13th Annual International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307772.
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Xiong, Zhengli, Wenjun Jiang e Guojun Wang. "Evaluating User Community Influence in Online Social Networks". In 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom.2012.152.
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Nilizadeh, Shirin, Apu Kapadia e Yong-Yeol Ahn. "Community-Enhanced De-anonymization of Online Social Networks". In CCS'14: 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2660267.2660324.
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Bahri, Leila, Barbara Carminati e Elena Ferrari. "Community-Based Identity Validation on Online Social Networks". In 2014 IEEE 34th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2014.11.
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Xing, Wanli. "Community Dynamics of Large Open Online Learning Networks". In AERA 2023. USA: AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/ip.23.2007701.
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Dey, Paramita, Agneet Chatterjee e Sarbani Roy. "Knowledge based community detection in online social network". In 2018 10th International Conference on Communication Systems & Networks (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2018.8328287.
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Duffy, Sam. "A community creating their own rules on foursquare". In 2011 Workshop on Mobile and Online Social Networks (MOSN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mosn.2011.6060786.
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Patel, Krunal Dhiraj, Andrew Heppner, Gautam Srivastava e Vijay Mago. "Analyzing use of Twitter by diabetes online community". In ASONAM '19: International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341161.3343673.
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Fan, Wei, Kai-Hau Yeung e Wenjie Fan. "Overlapping community structure detection in multi-online social networks". In 2015 18th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icin.2015.7073837.
Texto completo da fonteRelatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Online community networks"
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Haßler, Björn, e Gesine Haseloff. TVET Research in SSA: Recommendations for Thematic Priorities. Undefined, fevereiro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/opendeved.0268.
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This paper builds on our study on research on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study was commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) and was conducted in 2019. Our study undertook a systematic literature review, which evaluated over 2,000 scientific publications, classifying some 300 as relevant to the topic and examined them in greater detail. One focus area was the institutionalisation of research on TVET in sub-Saharan Africa, its actors, networks and funding. A second area focused on the topics and content addressed by researchers on TVET in SSA. Our comprehensive study allows us to derive indications for future TVET research in SSA, which form the content of the present paper. Our recommendations for future research emerge from: The research literature analysed; A series of expert interviews; and A Structured Community Review. Our key contribution is an extension of the Mulder-Roelofs Vocational Education and Training Research Framework of categories for TVET research. The framework reflects the focus and quality criteria of European/German TVET, and is an ideal starting point. Through our research, we revised and extended the framework for use in SSA. Our goal was to build on international standards on the one hand, but on the other hand to extend and apply those for use in SSA. It therefore makes it possible to respond to the latest state of research both from a European perspective (e.g., donors/organisations like BMBF), as well as to examine the broad spectrum of very different aspects of TVET research in SSA. After presenting the relevant categories of TVET research, the authors go into detail on the topics for further research. Their conclusion recommends continuous research monitoring based on a constantly updated international network of researchers and institutions with an interest in TVET research in SSA. In particular, we propose a coordinated effort for an online, international community of stakeholders and researchers involved in TVET research in sub-Saharan Africa (https://convet.org).
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Milek, Karen, e Richard Jones, eds. Science in Scottish Archaeology: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, setembro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four key headings: High quality, high impact research: the importance of archaeological science is reflected in work that explores issues connected to important contemporary topics, including: the demography of, the nature of movement of, and contact between peoples; societal resilience; living on the Atlantic edge of Europe; and coping with environmental and climatic change. A series of large-scale and integrated archaeological science projects are required to stimulate research into these important topics. To engage fully with Science in Scottish Archaeology iv these questions data of sufficient richness is required that is accessible, both within Scotland and internationally. The RCAHMS’ database Canmore provides a model for digital dissemination that should be built on. Integration: Archaeological science should be involved early in the process of archaeological investigation and as a matter of routine. Resultant data needs to be securely stored, made accessible and the research results widely disseminated. Sources of advice and its communication must be developed and promoted to support work in the commercial, academic, research, governmental and 3rd sectors. Knowledge exchange and transfer: knowledge, data and skills need to be routinely transferred and embedded across the archaeological sector. This will enable the archaeological science community to better work together, establishing routes of communication and improving infrastructure. Improvements should be made to communication between different groups including peers, press and the wider public. Mechanisms exist to enable the wider community to engage with, and to feed into, the development of the archaeological and scientific database and to engage with current debates. Projects involving the wider community in data generation should be encouraged and opportunities for public engagement should be pursued through, for example, National Science Week and Scottish Archaeology Month. Networks and forums: A network of specialists should be promoted to aid collaboration, provide access to the best advice, and raise awareness of current work. This would be complemented by creating a series inter-disciplinary working groups, to discuss and articulate archaeological science issues. An online service to match people (i.e. specialist or student) to material (whether e.g. environmental sample, artefactual assemblage, or skeletal assemblage) is also recommended. An annual meeting should also be held at which researchers would be able to promote current and future work, and draw attention to materials available for analysis, and to specialists/students looking to work on particular assemblages or projects. Such meetings could be rolled into a suitable public outreach event.
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Davis, Cathlyn. Summative Evaluation: UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community. Oregon State University, março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1153.
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The UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community project was funded as a supplement to the existing NSF-funded Undergraduate Field Experiences Research Network (UFERN), which sought to build a vibrant, supportive, and sustainable collaborative network that fostered effective undergraduate field experiences. The goals of the UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community (PLC) supplement were: • To support a small group of field educators in intentional design, implementation and assessment of student-centered undergraduate field experiences in a range of field learning contexts; • To develop effective strategies for supporting undergraduate field educators in using the UFERN Framework as an aid for designing, implementing, and assessing student-centered undergraduate field experience programs; • To assemble vignettes featuring applications of the UFERN Framework in a range of program contexts; and • To expand the community of field educators interested in designing, implementing, and assessing student-centered undergraduate field learning experiences. Sixteen educators participated in the PLC, which targeted participants who taught and facilitated a range of undergraduate field experiences (UFEs) that varied in terms of setting, timing, focus and student population. Due to the COVID pandemic, the originally-planned three-month intensive training took place over nine months (January to October 2021). It consisted of seven video conference sessions (via Zoom) with presentations and homework assignments. It included independent work, as well as guided group discussions with project leaders and other participants, which were supported by online collaborative tools.
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Brown, Nicholas, Hannah Macdonell, Emilie Stewart-Jones e Stephan Gruber. Permafrost Data Systems: RCOP 2021 Data Workshop Report. NSERC/Carleton University, novembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/pn/10121001.
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NSERC PermafrostNet hosted a data systems workshop at the 2021 Regional Conference on Permafrost, held online in October 2021. The workshop featured invited speakers Ashley Rudy from the Northwest Territories Geological Survey and Jeanette Nötzli from the Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network (PERMOS). Attendees participated in breakout rooms and plenary discussion to identify current problems and limitations with permafrost data systems and to recommend how efforts can be better connected or coordinated. The final report summarizes the conclusions and provides a record of the interactions and discussions that occurred. The workshop follows the 2020 Permafrost Data Workshop, which highlighted the importance of a community of practice and ongoing communication to improve the interoperability of permafrost data. In addition to the concrete objectives of identifying challenges and recommendations, the 2021 workshop was a way for members of the permafrost community to share ideas, and to cross-pollinate knowledge between sectors and disciplines of permafrost science.
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STROYKOV, S., e I. NIKITINA. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF HYPERTEXT IN LINGUISTIC LITERATURE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-2-3-50-73.
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In this paper it’s the first time the authors have reviewed linguistic literature (2008-2022) devoted to the problem of literary and electronic hypertext. The purpose of the paper is to review linguistic literature and identify the current state of the problem of literary and electronic hypertext. Materials and methods. On the basis of this purpose we reviewed 42 scientific papers published in 2008-2022 and representing the results of linguistic research of literary and electronic hypertext. For our study we used an analytical and descriptive method, which is traditional for linguistics and allows us to solve the tasks set in our paper. Results. A review of linguistic papers has shown that hypertext is a relevant subject of linguistic research. Scientists propose various definitions of this concept; consider it as a “special information and communication environment”. Many studies are devoted to literary (fiction and non-fiction) hypertext, however, a much larger number of papers are devoted to various aspects of electronic hypertext, including electronic fiction hypertext and electronic hypertext of some genres (news genres, online advertising, social network and online diary community as well as websites). We consider that it is the electronic environment where hypertext is implemented in all its functions. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used as a theoretical basis for further theoretical and practical study of various aspects of literary and electronic hypertext.
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TARAKANOVA, V., A. ROMANENKO e T. TROITSKAYA. FACTORS AND RISKS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THE CITIES OF THE MOSCOW REGION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-2-2-19-29.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In this paper it’s the first time the authors have reviewed linguistic literature (2008-2022) devoted to the problem of literary and electronic hypertext. The purpose of the paper is to review linguistic literature and identify the current state of the problem of literary and electronic hypertext. Materials and methods. On the basis of this purpose we reviewed 42 scientific papers published in 2008-2022 and representing the results of linguistic research of literary and electronic hypertext. For our study we used an analytical and descriptive method, which is traditional for linguistics and allows us to solve the tasks set in our paper. Results. A review of linguistic papers has shown that hypertext is a relevant subject of linguistic research. Scientists propose various definitions of this concept; consider it as a “special information and communication environment”. Many studies are devoted to literary (fiction and non-fiction) hypertext, however, a much larger number of papers are devoted to various aspects of electronic hypertext, including electronic fiction hypertext and electronic hypertext of some genres (news genres, online advertising, social network and online diary community as well as websites). We consider that it is the electronic environment where hypertext is implemented in all its functions. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used as a theoretical basis for further theoretical and practical study of various aspects of literary and electronic hypertext.
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McKenna, Patrick, e Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.
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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong e Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, agosto de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, Mohamed Rasmy, Vladimir Smakhtin, Paulin Coulibaly e Hamid Mehmood. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, agosto de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.
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Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.
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Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer e Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, julho de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.
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Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.