Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Ondes topologiques"
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Aicardi, Francesca. "Invariants topologiques des courbes legendriennes". Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090006.
Texto completo da fonteZheng, Li-Yang. "Granular monolayers : wave dynamics and topological properties". Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1035/document.
Texto completo da fonteGranular crystals are spatially periodic structures of elastic particles arranged in crystal lattices. The interactions between particles take place via their elastic interconnections, which are of much smaller dimensions and weights than the beads. This induces propagation of elastic waves in granular structures at significantly slower velocities than in the individual grains. In addition, due to the existence of non-central shear forces, rotations of particles can be initiated, leading to extra phononic modes in the crystals. In the manuscript, wave dynamics in two-dimensional monolayer granular crystals with either out-of-plane or in-plane particle motion is studied. The phononic properties are investigated, including Dirac points, zero-frequency modes, zero-group-velocity modes and their transformation into slow propagating phononic modes. Furthermore, in the presence of edges/boundaries, zero-frequency and extremely slow elastic edge waves can be also predicted in mechanical granular honeycomb crystals (granular graphene). In addition, topological properties of rotational edge waves in a granular graphene are theoretically demonstrated. By inducing topological transition, which turns the topological order of granular graphene from trivial to nontrivial, topological edge transport in the granular graphene can be observed. The developed theories could promote the potential applications of designed granular structures with novel elastic wave propagation properties
Wang, Wei. "Manipulation of Lamb waves with elastic metamaterials". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS414.
Texto completo da fonteWe develop elastic pillared metamaterials to manipulate Lamb waves. Firstly, the negative properties associated with bending, compression and torsion resonances in two structures consisting of pillars on one side of a thin plate are examined. We describe in details two different mechanisms at the origin of doubly negative property. The potential of these structures for negative refraction of Lamb waves and acoustic cloaking is demonstrated numerically. Secondly, we present the topologically protected transport of Lamb waves by analogy with quantum spin and valley quantum Hall effects. By rearranging the previous structures into a honeycomb network, a single Dirac cone and a double Dirac cone are introduced. We discuss the appearance of topologically valley-protected edge states in an asymmetrical double-sided pillar structure. The unidirectional propagation of edge states on different domain walls is studied. In addition, we consider a symmetrical double-sided system allowing the separation of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. Combined edge states protected topologically by pseudospin and pseudospin-valley degree of freedom are demonstrated. Third, we propose an approach to actively control the transmission of the antisymmetric Lamb wave propagating through an infinite line of pillars. Two different situations with bending and compression resonances respectively separated or superimposed are studied. External tensile force and pressure are applied to the pillars, which allows them to couple with the bending and compressive vibrations. The transmission is studied as a function of the amplitude and the relative phase of the external sources
Razo, López Luis Alberto. "Localisation des ondes électromagnétiques au-delà d'Anderson : rôle des corrélations, des symétries et de la topologie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5013.
Texto completo da fonteIn a broad sense, the term wave localization refers to a phenomenon where waves are spatially confined in small regions of the space without any bounding material barriers.In this Thesis, we investigate (analytically, numerically and experimentally) different physical collective mechanisms to spatially localize, and therefore, to control electromagnetic waves. Specifically, we focus on the role of uncorrelated and correlated potentials, as well as of topological effects to achieve wave confinement. Analytical and numerical studies are accomplished in the framework of a recent approach in the modeling of Anderson localization called localization landscape theory. On the other hand, experiments are performed using a microwave platform composed by small dielectric cylinders placed inside a cavity made of two metallic plates. The cavity implements a propagative wave system, where we can efficiently control the local permittivity by means of the cylinders acting as scatterers, or as an analogic tight-binding system, where, in this case, the dielectric cylinders play the role of resonators.First, we extend the scope of the localization landscape approach to a wide class of one and two dimensional tight-binding systems in the presence of uncorrelated disorder, where localized eigenfunctions appear in both band-edges. We demonstrate how the landscape theory is able to predict accurately not only the locations, but also the energies of localized eigenfunctions in the low- and high-energy regimes. Later, by using our experimental cavity as a propagative system, we perform microwave transport experiments in two dimensional planar arrays. Experiments are carried out on a disordered lattice and on an aperiodic Vogel spiral from where we characterize the electromagnetic modal structures in real space. Our results reveals that aperiodic systems can carry a rich variety of long-lived modes—with Gaussian, exponential, and power law spatial decays—which are able to survive even in a three-dimensional environment. This is supported by different transport quantities such as the density of states, the characteristic decay time, and the Thouless conductance that are also experimentally accessible. On the contrary, we show that the eigenstates in traditional disordered media are always limited to exponential radial decays with leaking features beyond two-dimensions.Finally, we use the experimental tight-binding configuration to investigate the propagation of topological helical states. Particularly, we experimentally analyze a set of honeycomb-like structures built using a triangular lattice with an hexagonal unit cell, which are characterized by the Z_2 topological invariant. By recovering the modal structure in real space and the density of states, our results reveal the possibility to open a topological gap, dwelt by edge states that lives in the border of the structure.We demonstrate the unidirectional counterpropagative features of such helical edge states.Taken together, our results demonstrate that it is possible to model, control and localize electromagnetic waves not only within, but beyond Anderson's conception. Thanks to the crossroads we have taken, we have mapped out an itinerary that brings us closer to the main avenue leading perhaps to Anderson localization of three dimensional electromagnetic waves
Jezequel, Lucien. "Phase space approach to topological physics : Mode-shell correspondence and extentions to non-Hermitian and non-linear systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0021.
Texto completo da fonteSince the 1980s and the discovery of the quantum Hall effect, topology has proven to be a crucial tool for analyzing various wave phenomena. Among the key concepts that have emerged from this field, bulk-edge correspondence stands out. It establishes a link between the existence of zero energy edge states in bulk-insulating materials and topological properties defined in the bulk. However, many other topological phenomena, such as higher order insulators or semimetals, are documented in the literature, each with their own distinct phenomenology. This thesis presents a new formalism, called "mode-shell correspondence", which harmonizes these various research results and generalizes the bulk-edge correspondence. Indeed, this correspondence demonstrates the possibility of linking, in a general way, the properties of low energy topological modes to a topological property defined in the shell, representing the surface surrounding these modes in phase space. Furthermore, this thesis explores the extensions of this formalism to non-linear and non- Hermitian systems, which are of particular importance for the study of the topological properties of classical waves
Anache-Ménier, Domitille. "Propagation des ondes dans les milieux désordonnés: étude de la phase des ultrasons et des ondes sismiques". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10065.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we study, both theoretically and experimentally, the phase of seismic and ultrasonic waves propagating in disordered media. The theory for the derivatives of phase with respect to either position or time is developped in the framework of a scalar gaussian and circular wave field. Different statistical functions allow us to characterize the scatterers in the two experimental set-ups discussed in this thesis. On the one hand, the temporal phase fluctuations of ultrasound in a suspension of glass spheres probe scatterer motions on time scales ranging from milliseconds to seconds. On the other hand, the spatial phase fluctuations characterize multiple scattering of flexural waves propagating in a Plexiglas R plate with random holes. In both set-ups the gaussian properties of the coda field are scrutinized using the asymptotic power law decay of the distribution functions of the phase derivatives. The study of the seismic coda of regional events in California provides a possible application to the determination of the mean free path in the Earth?s crust : it is shown to be the only characteristic length scale of the spatial phase derivative correlation function
Anache-Ménier, Domitille. "Propagation des ondes dans les milieux désordonnés: étude de la phase des ultrasons et des ondes sismiques". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335480.
Texto completo da fonteLa théorie des distributions et des corrélations des dérivées spatiales et temporelles de la phase est développée dans l'hypothèse d'un champ scalaire analytique gaussien et circulaire. Ces fonctions statistiques permettent de caractériser les diffuseurs dans les deux dispositifs expérimentaux au coeur de cette thèse. D'une part, les fluctuations temporelles de la phase d'ultrasons sont utilisées pour sonder la dynamique d'une suspension de billes millimétriques sur des échelles de temps allant de la milliseconde à la seconde. D'autre part les fluctuations spatiales de la phase donnent une caractérisation de la diffusion multiple des ondes de flexion dans une plaque de Plexiglas ® perforée aléatoirement. Le comportement asymptotique en loi de puissance des distributions des dérivées de la phase démontre les propriétés gaussiennes des codas dans ces deux dispositifs.
Enfin, l'étude de la coda de séismes régionaux en Californie a permis de proposer une application à la détermination du libre parcours moyen des ondes sismiques dans la croûte terrestre : il est montré que c'est la seule échelle caractéristique de la fonction de corrélation de la dérivée spatiale de la phase.
Hafidi, Alaoui Hamza. "Imagerie topologique ultrasonore des milieux périodiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0388/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe detection, localization and monitoring of the evolution of defects in periodic media and waveguides is a major issue in the field of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Wave propagation in such media is complex, for example when the velocity depends on the frequency (dispersion) or direction of propagation (anisotropy). The signature of the defect can also be "embedded" in the acoustic field reflected by the structure (reverberation or multiple diffusion). It is to answer these stakes of the size that the Topological Optimization (TO) has been adapted to the problems of diffraction of the acoustic waves by infinitesimal defects in order to obtain reflectivity images of the inspected media. The method can be applied to all kinds of media, regardless of their complexity, provided an exact simulation of the wave propagation in a reference medium (without defects) is performed. Inspired by the TO, the work of this thesis proposes to implement qualitative imaging methods adapted to the specificities of Phononic Crystals (PC) and waveguides. First, we focus on the description of the mathematical formalism of Topological Optimization and Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI). Although these methods do not try to solve the same inverse problems, we highlight their similarities. In a second step, we apply Topological Imaging (TI) to the inspection in pulse-echo configuration of weakly heterogeneous media. Thirdly, we draw inspiration from TI to define a new variant of this method called Hybrid Topological Imaging (HTI).We apply these methods for the pulse-echo configuration inspection of PCs created by steel rods immersed in water.We compare the performance of these methods according to the kind of defects in the PC. Numerical simulations for some case studies are supported by conclusive experimental trials. In a fourth step, we adapt the TI to a pitch-catch configuration in order to implement a new method of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of waveguides. In this regard, we have developed a new imaging method that is better suited than TI to pitch-catch configurations
Jacques, Vincent. "Application de la diffraction cohérente des rayons X à l'étude de défauts topologiques dans les structures atomiques et électroniques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463496.
Texto completo da fonteKapikranyan, Oleksandr. "Influence du désordre sur le comportement à basse température de modèles de spins de symétrie continue". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10017/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis presents a study of the two-dimensional XY model exposed to such realistic conditions as the presence of lattice imperfections (nonmagnetic impurities) and lattice finiteness. Both features are typical for experimentally accessible magnetic materials and ask for theoretical description. We also have explored the low-temperature behaviour of a finite two-dimensional Heisenberg model and found behaviour similar to that of the 2D XY model. We have used both analytical and computer experiment approaches to tackle the problem. The essential output of the work consists of: (a) estimation of the non-universal exponent of the power law decay of the pair correlation function of a diluted 2D XY model at low temperature as a function of dilution, analytically in the spin-wave approximation, and in the Monte Carlo simulations using the Wolff algorithm; (b) analytical estimation of the corresponding exponent of the 2D Heisenberg model in the low-temperature limit for the finite lattice size and its comparison to the Monte Carlo simulations; (c) evaluation of the form of interaction between nonmagnetic impurities and topological defects within the Villain model as well as in the Kosterlitz-Thouless model, and analytical prediction of the critical temperature reduction made on the basis of this interaction; (d) Monte Carlo investigation of the form of the residual magnetization probability distribution in a finite system in presence of nonmagnetic disorder (dilution). We found all our analytical predictions in quite well agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation results as well as with other researches of the similar problems
Plumecoq, Jérôme Lefranc Marc Bielawski Serge. "Caractérisation de systèmes dynamiques de petite et grande dimensions de l'analyse topologique aux codages symboliques, et instabilités spatio-temporelles dans un laser fortement multimode /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-349-350.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3343. Publications en anglais et en français reproduites dans le texte. Résumé en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 229-234.
Assadi-Haghi, Atousa. "Contribution au développement de méthodes d'optimisation structurelle pour la conception assistée par ordinateur de composants et de circuits hyperfréquences". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1a189347-19d7-4422-99d6-9019a30e6b99/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4050.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis manuscript reports on the study of structural optimization methods for computer aided design of microwave devices. In the first part, a geometrical optimization approach is developed and applied to the design of a packaged circuit. The approach is based on model order reduction using segmentation and geometrical parameterization of the electromagnetic model. The reduced model is optimized through a gradient method, minimizing a cost function dedicated to identification of parasitic modes in the package. In the second part, a topological optimization approach, based on topology gradient evaluation, is applied for optimizing metal distribution upon the surface of a microstrip component. For solving local optimum problems, the method is hybridized with a genetic algorithm for exploring more largely the optimization domain, improving the convergence by this way
Plumecoq, Jérôme. "Caractérisation de systèmes dynamiques de petite et grande dimensions : de l'analyse topologique aux codages symboliques, et instabilités spatio-temporelles dans un laser fortement multimode". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-349-350.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSagon, Grégory. "Sur des problèmes de réaction-diffusion appliqués à la combustion". Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES063.
Texto completo da fonteThe present work deals with reaction-diffusion problems applied to combustion. Within the framework of the thermodiffusive model for flame propagation, we investigate the qualitative properties of travelling waves solutions. The first part is devoted to premixed flame deflagration in exterior domains, under a reasonable smallness assumption on the velocity field at infinity. In the second part, the analysis of partially premixed fronts in a strained mixing layer is carried out thanks to a variational approach to counterflow diffusion flames. Theoretical results combined with numerical simulations involve nonlinear analysis including standard elliptic estimates, calculus of variations (constrained minization, mountain pass theorem), nonvariational techniques (maximun principles, sliding method, topological degree), singular perturbations and uniform estimates for regularizations of free boundary problems
Jugnon, Vincent. "Modelisation et Simulation en Photo-acoustique". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00545973.
Texto completo da fonteLeleu, Ludovic. "Elaboration de librairies de molécules structurellement diversifiées à partir du squelette de l'acide kojique par des méthodes de synthèse micro-ondes et de flux continu". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEC005/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe structure of kojic acid and its reactivity give the opportunity to make tranformations leading to the synthesis of different polycyclic compounds and structurally diversified. These heterocycles are obtained in several steps by typical reactions like [5+2] cycloaddtions, Diels-Alder reactions, tandem [5+2]/[4+2] cycloadditions, 3 compounds reactions or the use of lithiens. The use of specific equipments like microwave equipment and continuous-flow equipment give the opportunnity to obtain target molecules. Compounds libraries will be test for a biological activity
Krishna, Aditya. "Topological Imaging of Tubular Structures using Ultrasonic guided waves". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0111.
Texto completo da fonteTubular structures are widely used in a variety of industries such as Aerospace, Oil and Gas, Nuclear, etc. Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of these structures plays a crucial role during it’s life cycle. In order to test large structures with limited accessibility, guided wave testing was developed as a viable solution. Due to the nature of these waves, they are able to propagate over large distances without losing much of their energy. However, they are also complex in that their velocity is frequency dependent i.e. they are dispersive. Conventionally, guided wave testing require costly finite element simulations. This thesis offers an alternative to such simulations with a quick and robust method to simulate guided wave propagation in tubular structures.Based on these calculations, the aim of this work is to obtain the 3d topological image of multilayered isotropic tubular structures using ultrasonic guided waves to locate defects. A mathematical model has been proposed where the wave equation is converted to an ordinary differential equation with respect to radius 'r' using the Fourier and Laplace transforms for the spatial and temporal variables respectively. The partial wave solution, expressed as a combination of Bessel’s functions, allows for the creation of a fast robust semi-analytical algorithm to compute the Green function in tubular structures. A model to approximate numerical defects is then developed. The defect response is considered as the cumulative response of secondary sources, aiming to negate the incident and diffracted stress field present within it. Next, the numerical model is validated with experimental measurements.Finally, the technique of Topological Imaging is introduced. This method of imaging is based on the idea of performing a correlation between two wave fields for defect localization. The versatility and flexibility of the numerical tool in conjunction with the method of imaging is then successfully demonstrated by localising and imaging a multitude of numerical and experimental defects with dimensions as low as 1=40th of the wavelength
Staresinic, Damir. "Contribution à l'étude des excitations de basse énergie dans les systèmes quasi-unidimensionels". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10221.
Texto completo da fonteDominguez, Nicolas. "Modélisation de la propagation ultrasonore en milieu complexe : application au contrôle non destructif et à la caractérisation de la porosité dans les matériaux composites stratifiés". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30235.
Texto completo da fonteLeriche, Raphaël. "Unconventional superconductivity in quasi-2D materials with strong spin-orbit coupling". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS577.
Texto completo da fonteThe realization of topological superconductors is one of the main current goals of condensed matter physics. It was indeed predicted that such systems should host Majorana fermions. These Majorana fermions possess both a non-Abelian statistics and, because of their topological origin, a certain robustness against local disorder, which makes them attractive for quantum computing applications. One approach likely to lead to topological superconductivity consists in considering superconducting systems with strong spin-orbit coupling and with broken inversion symmetry. It is in this framework that, during this thesis, I performed scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements on quasi-2D materials : (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 and Sr2IrO4. I first studied the electronic properties of misfit compound LaNb2Se5, which is a parent of transition metal dichalcogenide 2H-NbSe2. (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is a heterostructure made out of alternations of NbSe2 bilayers with trigonal prismatic geometry and LaSe bilayers with rocksalt structure. (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is a potential candidate for topological superconductivity because of the presence of both a strong spin-orbit coupling and of broken inversion symmetry in NbSe2 planes. Here, I present spectroscopic results showing that the electronic structure of(LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is very similar to the one of electron-doped monolayer NbSe2 with a shift of the chemical potential of 0,3 eV, priorly never reached. I could also demonstrate the quasi- 2D nature of (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 and more particularly the presence of a strong Ising spinorbit coupling. Moreover, the observed weakness of superconductivity against non-magnetic disorder combined with quasiparticle interferences measurements allowed me to exhibit the unconventional nature of (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 superconducting order parameter. This study opens the possibility to use misfit heterostructures such as (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 to study thephysics of transition metal dichalcogenides in the 2D limit, for which many theoretical studies predict topological superconductivity. In this thesis, I also present a study on the effects of doping on the electronic properties of iridate compound Sr2IrO4. Sr2IrO4 is a spin-orbit induced Mott insulator. Because inversion symmetry is locally broken in Sr2IrO4, some theoretical predictions suggest that Sr2IrO4 should turn into a topological superconductor once doped. Here, I exhibit a nanometer-scaleinhomogeneous doping-driven Mott insulator to pseudo-metallic phase transition. This work further justifies the importance of using a local probe such as scanning tunnelling microscopy in order to complete results on Mott physics obtained by integrative methods like angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Patier, Laurent. "Etude de techniques de calculs multi-domaines appliqués à la compatibilité électromagnétique". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834164.
Texto completo da fonte