Bibliografias temáticas / Obstruent consonant

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Obstruent consonant"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 21 de dezembro de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Obstruent consonant"

DEDOVA, OLGA V., e MARINA KRASNOVA. "REALISATION OF VOICED-UNVOICED OF OBSTRUENT CONSONANTS BEFORE INTERCONSONANTAL SONORANTS AND [V]". Lomonosov Journal of Philology, n.º 4, 2024 (23 de agosto de 2024): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2024-47-04-3.

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The article deals with the assimilation of obstruent consonants in initial position in consonantal combinations “obstruent + sonorant or [v] + obstruent”. The aim of the study was to reveal the “transparency” of sonorants and [v] in such groups, i.e. the possibility of distant assimilative influence of the last obstruent on the first one. It is proved that in the sound combinations “obstruent + sonorant or [v] + obstruent” the interconsonant sonorants do not prevent the regressive assimilative interaction of two obstruent consonants, i.e. the sonorants and [v] “pass through” the assimilation by voiced-unvoiced.The article presents the results of an experimental phonetic study of the realisation of obstruent consonants in the specified position within and at the junctions of phonetic words in the modern Russian literary language. The data obtained in the course of the study confirm that in the combinations “unvoiced obstruent + sonorant or [v] + voiced obstruent” within one phonetic word ( от льдинок [а д-л’д ’и ́ нък] , от мгновения [а д-мг нав’éн’ьь]), the initial consonant is voiced under the influence of the voiced consonant, and, on the contrary, in combinations “voiced obstruent + sonorous + unvoiced obstruent” ( из Мценска [и с-мц éнскъ], из ртути [и с-рт ýт’ь]), the initial consonant is unvoiced. At the junction of phonetic words, there is a voicing of the final obstruent of the first word ( факультет МГИМО [фъкул’т’é д мг ’имó]).The article also analyses the articulatory, acoustic and functional specificity of [v], which combines the characteristic features of both obstruent and sonorous consonants. The functioning of soft [v’] in interconsonantal position in the above groups is not considered in the article, as it is not lexically represented.

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Mayani, Luh Anik. "AFFRICATES, NASAL-OBSTRUENT SEQUENCES AND PHRASAL ACCENT IN TAJIO". Linguistik Indonesia 34, n.º 1 (25 de fevereiro de 2015): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v34i1.42.

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Among twenty consonants found in Tajio, /tÊƒ/ and /dÊ’/ need a further observation because in Tomini-Tolitoli languages they have been analyzed differently by different researchers. The differences pertain both to the place and manner of articulation. Aspects of Tajio phonology discussed here are nasal-obstruent sequences as well as phrasal accent. Initial nasal-obstruent sequences contradict the sonority sequencing generalization (SSG). The sequence of nasal+obstruent can be interpreted in two ways: as a prenasalized consonant or as a consonant cluster. Tajio does not have lexical (word) stress; rather, it has a phrasal accent. Without lexical stress, the presence of the pitch accent depends on the location of the syllable within the intonational phrase.

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Kulikov, Vladimir. "Voicing contrast in consonant clusters: evidence against sonorant transparency to voice assimilation in Russian". Phonology 30, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2013): 423–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675713000213.

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Obstruents in Russian have been claimed to assimilate in voicing in clusters when a sonorant consonant intervenes, e.g. ot mgly [dmg] ‘from the haze’. This phenomenon (‘sonorant transparency to voice assimilation’) is controversial: it is claimed to be a phonological rule of fast speech by some linguists, while its existence is denied by others. Previous studies have shown that voicing in presonorant obstruents (C1) in Russian is consistent with that of prevocalic obstruents in slow speech; however, no research has examined whether voicing in presonorant obstruents changes either as a function of the voicing of the rightmost (C2) obstruent in a cluster or in faster speech. This paper presents experimental results supporting the claim that the voicing of C2 obstruents does not affect voicing in presonorant C1 obstruents in slow or fast speech. The results suggest that obstruents do not assimilate through a sonorant in obstruent–sonorant–obstruent clusters in Russian.

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Potisuk, Siripong. "Obstruent Consonant Landmark Detection in Thai Continuous Speech". International Journal of Signal Processing Systems 4, n.º 3 (junho de 2016): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijsps.4.3.214-219.

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Shirobokova, N. N., e N. N. Fedina. "Some of the features of the consonant system of the Chalkan language". Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, n.º 38 (2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2019-2-51-57.

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In the following article, we describe the changes that have occurred in Chalkan phonetics over the last 70 years. We compare the consonant system data collected by N. A. Baskakov to modern research data of Siberian experimental phonetics. Certain differences between the Chalkan phonetic systems and other Siberian languages are revealed. We also describe the phonetic processes that are currently taking place in the modern Chalkan language. We list the following changes in Chalkan consonantism: nasalization of labial consonants in anlaut (p- → m-), denasalization of labial consonants in inlaut (-m- → -β-), spirantization of occlusive labial phonemes in inlaut (-p- → -β-), replacement of the anlaut č- by the Altai ħ-, removal of the final fricative low-obstruent super-weak -ɣ. In Siberian Turkic languages, including the Chalkan language (as well as some Kipchak languages, including Kyrgyz, Kazakh, etc.), one may observe a process that can be characterized as a shift of phonotactic trends typical for monosyllabic roots in inter-morphemic clusters of consonants. As the model of affix annexation via connective vowels disappeared, the number of inter-morphemic consonant combinations increased, intensifying the processes of assimilation. Cases of progressive assimilation are the most common: if a stem ends with a vowel or a sonorous consonant, the first obstruent consonant of the affix is either voiced or sonorous (tүn=de ‘at night’, palъ=ɡe ‘to the child’ in Chalkan). If a stem ends with a voiceless consonant, the first consonant of the affix is also voiceless (pᴜlᴜt(t)e ‘on a cloud’, kaske ‘to a goose’ in Chalkan). The Chalkan languages possesses traits typical for Southern Siberian Turkic languages; however, it also has traits similar to those of Kipchak languages, namely the relatively high degree of preservation of voiceless intervocalic consonants in stems (whereas in inter-morphemic positions they are voiced).

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Hermes, Anne, Doris Mücke e Martine Grice. "Gestural coordination of Italian word-initial clusters: the case of ‘impure s’". Phonology 30, n.º 1 (maio de 2013): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267571300002x.

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We report on an articulatory study which uses an electromagnetic articulograph to investigate word-initial consonant clusters in Italian. In particular, we investigate clusters involving a sibilant, such as in spina ‘thorn’. The status of the sibilant in such clusters, referred to as ‘impure s’, is an unresolved problem for the syllable phonology of Italian. Coordination patterns of the gestural targets of consonantal and vocalic gestures reveal a structural difference between obstruent–liquid clusters, e.g. /pr/, and sibilant–obstruent clusters, e.g. /sp/. Whereas in /pr/, both /p/ and /r/ have distinct coordination patterns as compared to either /p/ or /r/ as a single consonant in the same (word-initial) position, this is not the case for /sp/. Here the /p/ patterns like a single consonant: /p/ in spina patterns with /p/ in Pina (proper name). Thus, although /s/ in spina constitutes a word onset, there is evidence against it being part of a syllable onset.

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Blust, Robert. "More odd conditions? Voiced obstruents as triggers and suppressors in Miri, Sarawak". Phonology 37, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675720000020.

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Miri, an Austronesian language spoken in northern Sarawak, Malaysia, has two sets of vowel changes that are conditioned by voiced obstruents. In the first set, a last-syllable low vowel is fronted and raised to [e], or less commonly [i], if a voiced obstruent appears earlier in the word, while a penultimate low vowel immediately following the trigger is skipped. In the second, a high vowel in the final syllable undergoes breaking (diphthongisation) or lowering, depending upon specific conditions, unless there is a voiced obstruent anywhere earlier in the word. For both triggers and suppressors, this effect is cancelled by an intervening blocking consonant, which includes any nasal or voiceless obstruent except glottal stop. The challenge is to understand why voiced obstruents have this double function, acting as a trigger with low vowels and a suppressor with high vowels, given the lack of an a priori transparent relationship between low vowel fronting and high vowel breaking/lowering.

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Mou, Xiaomin. "Obstruent‐sonorant consonant sequences—Analysis by synthesis". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, n.º 5 (maio de 2004): 2543–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4783648.

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Dmitrieva, Olga. "The Role of Perception in the Typology of Geminate Consonants: Effects of Manner of Articulation, Segmental Environment, Position, and Stress". Language and Speech 61, n.º 1 (22 de março de 2017): 43–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917696113.

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The present study seeks to answer the question of whether consonant duration is perceived differently across consonants of different manners of articulation and in different contextual environments and whether such differences may be related to the typology of geminates. The results of the cross-linguistic identification experiment suggest higher perceptual acuity in labeling short and long consonants in sonorants than in obstruents. Duration categories were also more consistently and clearly labeled in the intervocalic than in the preconsonantal environment, in the word-initial than in the word-final position, and after stressed vowels than between unstressed vowels. These perceptual asymmetries are in line with some typological tendencies, such as the cross-linguistic preference for intervocalic and post-stress geminates, but contradict other proposed cross-linguistic patterns, such as the preference for obstruent geminates and the abundance of word-final geminates.

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Knyazev, Sergey V. "On the interaction of phonetic parameters implementing the voiced / voiceless phonological opposition in Standard Modern Russian". Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, n.º 4 (2021): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/77/11.

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The paper reports new data obtained in the experimental study of voice coarticulation of voiced and voiceless obstruents adjacent to sonorant depending on the place and manner of articulation of these consonants in Standard Modern Russian. The experimental results revealed the voice coarticulation of the obstruent in word-internal clusters of [sonorant + obstruent + sonorant] coronal consonants, possibly due to the preceding homorganic nasal consonant. In the case of sonorants [nasal + voiceless stop + vibrant] that are not identical in place and manner of articulation, the closure part of the dental stop becomes voiced throughout, with this phonation type accommodation not leading, nevertheless, to the voiced / voiceless phoneme neutralization since the contrast in question is still maintained by phonetic parameters other than voice (phonation itself). These are closure duration, burst duration, and relative overall intensity. On the contrary, in the case of dental sonorants [nasal + voiceless stop + nasal] being identical in place and manner of articulation, the contrast in burst duration is eliminated since no burst of dental stop is found in the position before homorganic nasal, with the closure part of the stop not acquiring voicing to prevent the voiced / voiceless phoneme neutralization. In conclusion, it is argued that in Standard Modern Russian, the phonetic parameter [relative overall intensity] is less significant in the hierarchical structure of distinctive phonological feature than [closure voicing] and [burst duration] ones since it cannot serve as the only parameter distinguishing the voiced and voiceless obstruents in the intersonorant position.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Obstruent consonant"

Cha, Jinwoo. "Représentations phonologiques et réalisations des codas obstruantes en coréen : analyses acoustiques, aérodynamiques et perceptives". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAC015.

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Cette thèse est née d’une interrogation sur la non-correspondance entre les représentations de surface (phonologique et morphophonologique) des codas obstruantes du coréen et leurs réalisations phonétiques, reposant sur des approches phonologiques traditionnelles. Au niveau de la production, nous voudrions savoir si cette neutralisation est une neutralisation complète ou une neutralisation qui n’est pas toujours complète, comme attesté par deux études principales sur la question. Malgré cette divergence de résultats, les deux études en question convergent au niveau perceptif vers une neutralisation complète. Nos investigations portent sur le phénomène de la neutralisation des codas obstruantes du coréen à partir de données acoustico-aérodynamiques et perceptives obtenues dans diverses conditions expérimentales : type de tâches, type d’items ou vitesses d’élocution. Nos résultats montrent que la neutralisation n’est pas toujours complète au niveau de la production de la parole, tandis qu’elle est complète au niveau de la perception. Ainsi, la neutralisation des codas obstruantes du coréen peut être qualifiée d’une neutralisation limitée. Nous avons été confronté à des limites dans la compréhension de la neutralisation incomplète en production de la parole, lorsque l’on adopte des perspectives appartenant à des théories phonologiques traditionnelles. Afin de surmonter ces limites, nous avons proposé de rationaliser nos résultats dans le cadre d’une approche phonologique combinant les composantes gestuelles, acoustiques et aérodynamiques de la parole
His thesis arose from a question about the non-correspondence between surface representations (phonological and morphophonological) of Korean obstruent codas and their phonetic realisations, based on traditional phonological approaches. At the production level, we would like to know whether this neutralisation is complete neutralisation or neutralisation that is not always complete, as attested by two main studies on the subject. Despite this divergence in results, the two studies in question converge at the perceptual level towards a complete neutralisation. Our investigations focus on the phenomenon of neutralisation of obstruent codas in Korean using acoustic-aerodynamic and perceptual data obtained under various experimental conditions: type of task, type of item or speech rate. Our results show that neutralisation is not always complete at the speech production level, whereas it is complete at the speech perception level. Thus, neutralisation of obstruent codas in Korean can be described as limited neutralisation. We have encountered setbacks in trying to understand incomplete neutralisation in speech production when adopting perspectives pertaining to traditional phonological theories. In order to overcome these limitations, we proposed to rationalise our results within the framework of a phonological approach, which combines gestural, acoustic and aerodynamic components of speech

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Yu, Hye Jeong. "The development of obstruent consonants in bilingual Korean-English children". Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163769.

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This dissertation investigates bilingual language acquisition among children between the ages of 4 and 7, who are raised in the home where both parents speak L1, but they have been exposed to L2 later on during their childhood with some regularity over and above their L1. The focus of this study is the developmental patterns in English and Korean produced by the young Korean-English bilingual children and how they gradually accommodate to two different obstruent systems.

Korean and English have different obstruent systems. Korean has an unusual three-way voiceless contrast. Korean has a three-way distinction in both stops and affricates: aspirated, lax, and tense, and a two-way distinction in fricatives: non-tense (aspirated or lax) and tense. All Korean obstruent consonants are voiceless. English has a two-way distinction in stops, affricates, and fricatives: voiceless (the stops are often aspirated) and ‘voiced’ (the stops are usually voiceless unaspirated).

The children who participated in this study were 24 Korean-English bilingual children (KEB children), ages 4-7 years old, and 24 monolingual English-speaking and Korean-speaking children (EM and KM children) in the same age range. The bilingual children learned Korean as their L1, but subsequently learned and started to speak English at some point in the age range of 1:6-4:0 years. Subjects looked at a set of pictures to prompt a set of words which contained the target segments in the word-initial position; they were taught what words they should say in English or Korean depending on which language was being tested. They were asked to say the correct word in response to each picture. VOT, stop closure, frication and aspiration durations, total duration, F0, and H1-H2 at the onset of the following vowel were measured. The results showed that the KEB children showed similar phonetic development patterns to the EM and KM children in each language, but they showed slower language acquisition in each language relatively later. The results also showed interactions between English and Korean in the KEB children. In order to distinguish English obstruents from Korean obstruents, the KEB children exaggerated phonetic values of Korean obstruents. Also, some distinct phonetic features of Korean obstruents were found in English obstruents produced by the KEB children, and the KEB children produced less pressed voice for Korean tense obstruents than did the KM children due to the influence of English.

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Ramírez, Vera Carlos Julio. "Production and Perception of the Epenthetic Vowel in Obstruent + Liquid Clusters in Spanish: an Analysis of the Prosodic and Phonetic Cues Used by L1 and L2 Speakers". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32869.

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This study hypothesizes that the Epenthetic Vowel (EV) that occurs in Spanish consonant clusters, although produced unconsciously, is part of the articulatory plan of the speaker. As part of the plan, the epenthetic vowel occurs more often in the least perceptually recoverable contexts in order to enhance them. To achieve a better understanding of the role of the epenthetic vowel, this study shows that the linguistic and phonotactic contexts condition the occurrence of these vowels. Specifically, it argues that linguistic and phonotactic contexts that are perceptually weak compel a significantly higher occurrence of EVs. The EV was analyzed from both production and perceptual standpoints. The results show that from the production standpoint, the occurrence of the EV is affected by the type of liquid that forms the clusters: in clusters with /r/ the variables that made a statistical contribution were post-tonic position (odds ratio, 4.46), and voiceless consonants (odds ratio, 1.42). In the case of clusters with /l/ an EV has a higher probability of occurring in the context of bilabial consonants (odds ratio, 4.19), and voiceless consonants (odds ratio, 1.3). As for the effects of speech rate on the duration of EVs, the results show that speech rate accounts for 14% of the variation in an EV’s length. From the standpoint of perception, listening was divided into the tasks of perceptual identification and perceptual discrimination. The results show that the strongest predictor is the interaction voiceless x post-tonic position (odds ratio, 4.8). For the identification of the Cr clusters, the strongest predictor is the context of voiceless consonants (odds ratio, 4.42). Regarding identification of the Cl clusters, the strongest predictors are the tonic position (odds ratio, 1.54) and the labial place of articulation (odds ratio, 1.39). With regard to the discrimination of the Cr clusters, the strongest predictors for perceptual recoverability are the interaction voiceless x post-tonic position (odds ratio, 2.22), and the labial place of articulation (odds ratio, 1.37), while for the Cl cluster, the strongest predictors are the tonic position (odds ratio, 5.83) and voiceless consonants (odds ratio, 3).

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Livros sobre o assunto "Obstruent consonant"

Cser, András. The typology and modelling of obstruent lenition and fortition processes. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003.

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Kawahara, Shigeto, e Melanie Pangilinan. Spectral continuity, amplitude changes, and perception of length contrasts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0002.

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Japanese displays a singleton/geminate contrast in obstruents and nasals, but not in glides. Patterns of emphatic gemination show that Japanese avoids creating new nasal geminates. This chapter tests hypotheses about why Japanese shows these preferences. Concerning the distinction between obstruent geminates and sonorant geminates, dispreference of sonorant geminates may exist because these geminates are easily confused with corresponding singletons. This confusability problem arises because sonorants are spectrally continuous with flanking vowels, and consequently perception of their constriction durations is difficult. Two non-speech perception experiments show that length distinctions of consonant intervals that are spectrally continuous with surrounding segments are difficult to perceive. Concerning the difference between nasal geminates and glide geminates, two further non-speech experiments show that amplitude changes facilitate discrimination and categorization of short/long contrasts. Overall, the results of the four perception experiments reported here accord well with the cross-linguistic phonological patterning of geminates.

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Dmitrieva, Olga. Production of geminate consonants in Russian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0003.

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Typology of geminate consonants demonstrates a number of contextual and manner restrictions the origin of which is not well understood. The present study examines the hypothesis that geminates are restricted to certain contexts, such as intervocalic, and certain manners of articulation, such as obstruents, because the durational differences between geminates and singletons are especially pronounced in these cases. Duration of geminates and singletons in Russian was examined in naturalistic speech and in non-words to determine the effect of contextual and manner factors. Results showed that, although the absolute duration of both geminates and singletons varied significantly under the effects of contextual and manner factors, the amount of difference between geminates and singletons remained stable. The results of this study, combined with other cross-linguistic evidence, suggest that asymmetry in the extent of geminate lengthening across contexts and manners of articulation is not a likely cause of the observed typology.

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Ghavami, Golnaz Modarresi. Phonetics. Editado por Anousha Sedighi e Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.4.

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This chapter discusses the articulatory and acoustic properties of the sound system of Standard Modern Persian. It starts with a brief review of early work on the sound system of New Persian and its development into Modern Persian. The second section examines consonants and vowels in Standard Modern Persian. In this section, issues such as place and manner of articulation of consonants, Voice Onset Time and its importance in distinguishing voiced and voiceless obstruents, the acoustics of glottal consonants, sibilant and non-sibilant fricatives, and rhotics are discussed. The section on vowels addresses vowel space, vowel length, and the acoustics of diphthongs in Standard Modern Persian. The phonetics of the suprasegmental features of stress and intonation are the topic a final section in this chapter.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Obstruent consonant"

Nasukawa, Kuniya. "The relative salience of consonant nasality and true obstruent voicing". In Language Faculty and Beyond, 146–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lfab.14.c9.

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Miller, D. Gary. "Alphabet and phonology". In The Oxford Gothic Grammar, 21–57. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813590.003.0002.

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It is generally accepted that Wulfila invented the Gothic alphabet, but there is no agreement on the details. The most explanatory derivation is from Greek with input from Latin and runic. The consonant system has 20 phonemes (one marginal) and five or six allophones. Apart from final obstruent-resonant strings, clusters canonically obey the Sonority Hierarchy. The vowel system has twelve phonemes (seven long, five short), less the diphthongs; some speakers may have had /y/. The main changes that left reflexes in Gothic are discussed. These include Verner’s Law, Thurneysen’s Law, breaking, Sievers’ Law, duple timing and (Verschärfung). Evidence from spelling variation suggests a vowel shift in progress. All but one of the original diphthongs may have been monophthongized. New diphthongs were created.

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"Obstruent Consonants". In Acoustic Phonetics. The MIT Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/1072.003.0009.

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Bao, Zhiming. "Theories of Tone: A Survey". In The Structure of Tone, 10–44. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195118803.003.0002.

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Abstract In Chinese philological and linguistic literature tones are classified into the yin and yang registers. Historically the yin tones occur on syllables with voiceless initial obstruents, and the yang tones occur on syllables with voiced initial obstruents. The voiced obstruents of Middle Chinese (ca. 600 A.D.) are lost in many modern dialects, mostly of the Mandarin variety. But many dialects, particularly those spoken in the southern coastal regions, still maintain voicing as a distinctive feature among obstruents. From the perspective of phonetics, it is well known that voiceless consonants induce higher pitch in the following vowel, and voiced consonants induce lower pitch (see, for example, Haudricourt 1954; Halle and Stevens 1971; Maddieson 1974, 1978; and Hombert et al. 1979). The correlation between yin and yang on the one hand, and the pitch of tone on the other, does not present a clear pattern over modern Chinese dialects. In some dialects with voiced obstruents, notably those in the Wu dialect family, the yin tones are higher in pitch than their yang counterparts. But in other dialects, such as those in the Southern Min dialect family, the situation is reversed: in the dialect of Chaoyang, and in many other Southern Min dialects spoken in southern Fujian Province and northern Guangdong Province, high-pitched tones are found in syllables with voiced initials, and low-pitched tones on syllables with voiceless initials (W. S.-Y. Wang 1967, Yue-Hashimoto 1986). In tone languages, tones are not necessarily correlated with consonant voicing.

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Siptdr, Peter, e Miklos Torkenczy. "Processes Involving Consonants". In The Phonology of Hungarian, 176–213. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198238416.003.0007.

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Abstract The discussion of Hungarian consonants in Chapter 4 was concluded by a summary of the underlying representations we proposed for members of the consonant system. That matrix is repeated here for convenience: This chapter will be organized as follows. In section 7.1, palatalization rules will be discussed, both lexical and postlexical. In 7.2, various sibilant rules will be presented, including those involved in the imperative of t-final verbs, as well as postlexical rules targeting and/or triggered by strident fricatives and affricates. In 7.3, postlexical processes connected with the laryngeal properties (in particular, voicing) of obstruents will be analysed in terms of a singlevalued [voice] feature. Finally, in 7.4, we turn to sonorants and briefly discuss processes involving nasals and liquids.

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"The Softening of Obstruent Consonants in the Macedonian Dialect". In Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects, 329–48. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110532135-017.

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Lahiri, Aditi, e Sandra Kotzor. "Consonants, vowels, and nasality". In Primitives of Phonological Structure, 209–24. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791126.003.0008.

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Abstract Contrastive features establish phonological contrasts. FUL assumes that a small number of features, defined by articulatory and acoustic correlates, suffice to represent all phonological contrasts. A fundamental aspect of the model is that place features are identical for consonants and vowels. There are no dependencies between features except for class features. Focusing on features for nasal vowels and consonants, their sufficiency to account for phonotactic constraints and assimilations, particularly for place, is established. Evidence comes from synchronic and diachronic analyses (including loan adaptation) and experimental evidence for processing and representation. Evidence comes largely from Bengali, which has an equal number of nasal and oral vowels and five places of articulation, providing a rich repertoire of neutralization contexts and representational constraints. The lack of dependent features, shared features for vowels and consonants, and underspecification appears to be supported from phonotactic constraints and assimilations of nasal–obstruent sequences as well as experimental evidence.

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Rischel, Jørgen. "Consonant Gradation: A Problem in Danish Phonology and Morphology". In Sound Structure in Language, 26–43. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199544349.003.0002.

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Abstract It is a well-known characteristic of Danish that the patterns of OBSTRUENTS (stops and fricatives) in word-initial and word-final position are phonetically very different but can be made to match each other fairly well if some of the stops and fricatives be considered allophones of the same series of phonemes. It is also well known that the diphthongs found in Danish are related to the class of fricatives, since the second component of the diphthongs (here termed a Semivowel) can be considered to be in allophonic variation with fricatives. (See the distributional survey below.)

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Recasens, Daniel. "Introduction". In Phonetic Causes of Sound Change, 1–12. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845010.003.0001.

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The chapter deals with the origin and phonetic causes of sound changes involving consonants, with the diachronic pathways connecting the input and output phonetic forms, and with models of sound change (e.g., Evolutionary Phonology, the Neogrammarian’s articulatory model, Ohala’s acoustic equivalence model). The need to use articulatory and acoustic data for ascertaining the causes of sound change (and in particular the palatalization and assibilation of velar, labial, and dentoalveolar obstruents) is emphasized. The chapter is also concerned with how allophones are phonologized in sound-change processes and with the special status of (alveolo)palatal stops regarding allophonic phonologization.

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Coopersmith, Jonathan. "Musical Flourishes". In Music and Human Flourishing, 19—C1P70. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197646748.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter proposes that music does not inherently promote or obstruct well-being; rather, it can be employed with positive or negative results for both the listener and performer. Music is one of the most basic and innate forms of expression, developing organically over millennia along with other forms of communication like gesture and language. When considering the subject of music and well-being, one must first separate the various parameters of music (e.g., consonance and dissonance, melody, musical rhythm, harmony, and instrumentation) from the other art forms it often accompanies. This chapter explores what makes music unique among the arts, the ways in which music supports flourishing through various modes of engagement, and the ways in which music obstructs flourishing, especially among well-trained musicians. It also reveals how music could more effectively promote well-being, corresponding to Seligman’s PERMA model of happiness.

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