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Hao, Li Jun, e Zhe Tao Xiao. "Study on Applying Ideas of Urban Management in Urban Design". Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (outubro de 2011): 1827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1827.
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The aim of this paper is that study significance and effect of applying ideas of urban management in urban design. Through induction and analysis the conceptions about urban design and urban management, the paper evaluates the design case of Dayan Pagoda North Plaza, and elaborates the influence of urban management in urban design. Finally there is a conclusion that applying ideas of urban management in modern urban design will create a humanism city of optimization about economic efficiency, social efficiency, and ecology efficiency.
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Greenberg, Ken. "Toward the green city through revitalizing major obsolescent urban lands". Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, n.º 424-426 (1 de junho de 2004): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426218.
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The author, an architect and urban designer, has played a leading role on a broad range of assignments in highly diverse urban settings in North America and Europe. Much of his work focuses on the rejuvenation of downtowns, waterfronts, neighborhoods, and campus master planning. His projects include the award-winning Saint Paul on the Mississippi Development Framework, the Brooklyn Bridge Park on the East River in New York, the East River waterfront in Lower Manhattan, the Fan Pier in Boston, the Southwest and Southeast Waterfronts in Washington, DC, the Vision Plan for Washington DC, Kendall Square and North Point/Lechmere Square in Cambridge, the Downtown Hartford Economic and Urban Design Action Strategy and the Downtown Master Plan for Fort Lauderdale. Current efforts include the " Big Picture for the Big Dig": the Rose Kennedy Greenway in Boston, the renewal of Regent Park, a major public housing project in Toronto; the implementation of the Convention District Master Plan in San Juan, P.R., and Urban Design advice for the Cincinnati Center City Development Corp (3CDC). In each city, with each project, his strategic, consensus-building approach has led to coordinated planning and a renewed focus on urban design. The text that follows is an edited and revised version of a paper presented at the international symposion on"The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Case, Scheer. "Urban morphology in North America: History and direction". SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 15, n.º 3 (2023): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj2301058c.
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Urban morphology, named as such, is still undeveloped as a strategy for planning and urban design in North America. On the other hand, the New Urbanism and Smart Growth movements have much to gain from the use of urban morphology as an explicit and disciplined research method. In order to provide a clear path for adoption, this paper will exam how the application of various European-based urban morphology research data, interpretation and theories of change are different in North America. How do different conditions of form, particularly the era in which settlements were established, necessitate a different method and recognition of different types and patterns, and even dif-ferent Schools? Because North American researchers are interested with the rapid expansion of cities, the car-centric city, the need for a live-able configuration, and the disorder of most of the urban territory, a new kind of study is appropriate. This method is already arising, but not rigorously defined. The most common voices are those concerned with promoting a particular urban design solution, rather than examining the past or the existing fabrics. This leaves open a space for urban morphology to fill in.
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Paterson, Elaine. "Design and access statements: north-east England case study". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 164, n.º 3 (setembro de 2011): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/udap.900038.
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Li, Yan, Lei Chen, Yu Chen e Dong Xu Zhang. "A Study of the Overall Reconstruction Design of Shenyang North Railway Station and the Station Area". Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (maio de 2012): 1692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1692.
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Through analyzing the status of the Shenyang North Railway Station and the area in front of it, and combining the reality experience of the development in domestic and foreign urban railway construction, propose the imagine about the overall reconstruction of Shenyang north railway station and the area in front of it, and make it become the important modern integrated traffic hub in Shenyang.
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Hasan, Mohammad Tanvir, Md Mustafizur Rahman e Tanjima Siddika. "Assessing the urban design qualities of the urban street: A case study of Sylhet, Bangladesh". Architecture Papers of the Faculty of Architecture and Design STU 27, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alfa-2022-0008.
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Abstract Shortage supply of space for urban infrastructure including street and pedestrian aspects remains a great challenge in the context of Bangladesh due to the rapid growth of urbanization. Here, overcrowded cities can hardly manage space for walking, the safest mood of public mobility. In Sylhet, a city in north-eastern Bangladesh, widening the vehicular street and decorating pedestrian pathways is the common tendency of street development by the local authority where the quality of urban streets is rarely investigated. In most research, walking preferences are measured via a quantitative method by addressing street comfort, traffic, and size rather than the urban design qualities of the street, i.e. a qualitative approach. Hence, the project aims to identify the user preferences for walking in the Zindabazar area, a commercial street of Sylhet considering the urban designs qualities like enclosure, legibility, human scale, transparency, complexity, coherence, linkage, and imageability. Therefore, this research applied a questionnaire survey, conducted to analyse the relation between walking preferences and urban design qualities of the commercial street. After collecting Likert scale data, Linear and multiple regression models were used to analyse it. Regression analysis was conducted to identify the relation between urban design qualities and user preferences for walking on the proposed street. The research identified that walking preferences of user are not significantly associated with all the factors of urban design qualities except legibility, transparency, and human scale. The research will help identify the poor and significant urban qualities of the street(s) which need to be modified to improve user preferences.
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Hall, C. A. "Low noise engine design for the Silent Aircraft Initiative". Aeronautical Journal 113, n.º 1147 (setembro de 2009): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003262.
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Abstract The Silent Aircraft Initiative was a Cambridge-MIT Institute programme involving a large team of researchers from both the University of Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The aim of the project was to produce a concept aircraft design that would be so quiet it would be imperceptible in the urban environments around airports.. This paper gives an overview of how all the sources of engine noise were carefully addressed within the Silent Aircraft design. Novel technologies, a new engine configuration, improved airframe integration, new operational procedures and advanced component design were all required in order to reduce the overall engine noise level to the Silent Aircraft target. The study suggests that in order to dramatically reduce the noise of future aircraft engines a number of major design changes must be combined.
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Steinø, Nicolai, Marwa Dabaieh e Karima Ben Bih. "Post-conflict reconstruction in the Middle East and North Africa region: A bidirectional parametric urban design approach". International Journal of Architectural Computing 18, n.º 3 (17 de fevereiro de 2020): 296–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077119899584.
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Post-conflict reconstruction is a major topic in war-torn cities in the Middle East and North Africa region. Rather than being limited to re-establishing pre-conflict conditions, new formats of urban settings may be adopted, both for the design and quality of urban space, as well as for the design and building process. This article proposes a combined top-down and bottom-up design approach, supported by parametric urban design modelling. As sustainable (re-)development of the urban-scape requires coordination across different scales, a top-down approach is partly needed for reasons of coordination. As participatory design processes involving local stakeholders work from the partial to the whole, a bottom-up approach is partly needed for reasons of inclusion. By means of a parametric urban model combining both overview and detail, the two approaches can be combined. This article shows the theoretical framework and, by way of example, applies the model to Fallujah in Iraq as a case study.
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Gao, Bin, e Bao Yu Zhuang. "Study on Rain Water Drainage System Plan Based on SWMM". Advanced Materials Research 790 (setembro de 2013): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.125.
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How to plan and design a citys rain water drainage system reasonably to control a citys water logging arouses peoples concern in China. In an urban area of North China, a simulation model of rain water drainage system based on SWMM is built. Different schemes of rain water drainage system are evaluated and optimized.
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Chen, Bing Li. "A Study on the Balcony Thermal Environment Design in China’s Cold Zones". Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (outubro de 2012): 3584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3584.
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Thermal environment of the residence balcony has important impact on the indoor living condition especially in the residence buildings built in the recent decades in China’s cold zones. Supported with case studies on the newly built urban residence in Hohhot of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, possible technical measures are discussed to provide a better thermal environment solution in the residence balcony in China’s cold areas, which feature significant temperature difference between day and night and obvious indoor temperature change from balcony to inner space.
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Chen, Xiaofang, Xiaohua Chen, Cong Yin e Wenlei Xia. "Sustainable Urban Environment in the Context of Globalization: “Cambridge Future” Science and Technology Park". Open House International 42, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2017): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0019.
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The planning and construction of innovative university science and technology parks are facilitated on the basis of urban planning reconstruction, and the sustainable development of our country is the main basis for the implementation of the innovation plan and future design of university science and technology parks. However, some aspects of the transformation of a city have impeded the planning and development of university science parks. In order to solve this problem, in this study, the overall planning and successful establishment of science and technology parks in well-known universities were analyzed; and “Cambridge Future” was selected as the practical example and basis for the construction of innovative university science and technology parks; and then CATIC Science City in Nanjing was used as the object of empirical analysis. In addition, the construction of these parks in universities was evaluated through the case analysis and the excellent design strategies and results, and the planning model and construction concept of these parks were proposed after the contradiction between the transition stage of cities and the design of university science parks was resolved.
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Batchelor, James P., David Biancavilla, Ingeborg Hegemann e Catherine Daly Woodbury. "GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSIT-ORIENTED MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT: THE ALEWIFE AREA OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS". Journal of Green Building 11, n.º 1 (março de 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.1.1.1.
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INTRODUCTION This paper is a case study of the progress on environmental and development fronts in this critical area of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Portions of the riverine system to the north (Little River and Alewife Reservation) have been restored and include public amenities, and the park to the east (Danehy Park) has been realized. The degraded industrial land uses that had comprised the bulk of the land use have made a transition to a dynamic, mixed-used neighborhood. This paper presents both the public and the private strategies undertaken to accomplish these goals. These strategies are presented in three parts: Public Infrastructure: Constructed Stormwater Wetlands and Larger Stormwater Management Goals Site Development: Environmental Strategies Urban Development Goals: Mixed-Use Neighborhood
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Stakelienė, Violeta, Izolda Pašakinskienė, Kristina Ložienė, Darius Ryliškis e Audrius Skridaila. "Vertical Columns with Sustainable Green Cover: Meadow Plants in Urban Design". Plants 12, n.º 3 (1 de fevereiro de 2023): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030636.
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Unique vertical column structures were constructed for the greening of a structure at the Botanical Garden of Vilnius University, in which a plant cover was formed using the turf rolls of semi-natural meadows that were wrapped on 197 columns, with each column consisting of three equal segments. By evaluating the species composition and the abundance of vegetation in the segments of the columns, we studied how this natural cover changes and what its survival potential is. During the five years of observation, 97 plant species were determined in total. Over time, the initial plant species of fertile soils were mostly replaced by ruderal, nitrophilous, and pioneer plants. Out of the 58 original species, 18 disappeared, while 39 new ones emerged. In the vegetation cover on the north exposition of the building, the original species composition declined faster. The most persistent species were ruderal short-lived Conyza canadensis, Melilotus albus, and Urtica dioica, and long-lived Elytrigia repens. As for vegetation classes, the initial plant communities of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea elatioris vegetation class were partially replaced by the plant communities of the Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis and Artemisietea vulgaris classes; however, unformed plant communities finally became prevalent. All directions, including the north, east, south and west, were equally dominated by semi-shade- and semi-light-loving plant species, together with a less abundant representation of light-loving species. Meanwhile, an unexpected establishment of the light-loving annual Arabidopsis arenosa was observed on the least illuminated north exposition. Likewise, the perennial Festuca pratensis, which is particularly resistant to wintering, emerged and spread on all expositions. The vegetation in the vertical columns was dynamic, and the initial plant species significantly diminished in the five years; however, as new species took place, the columns remained sufficiently covered with a green carpet of plants. This study reveals the benefits of using semi-natural meadow turfs in vertical greening of buildings in the harsh climate of a 5b hardiness zone, which is accompanied by distressing climatic fluctuations during the vegetation season.
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Khraiwesh, Mohammad Mazen, e Paolo Vincenzo Genovese. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort Integrated with Energy Consumption for Urban Block Design Optimization: A Study of the Hot-Summer Mediterranean City of Irbid, Jordan". Sustainability 15, n.º 10 (22 de maio de 2023): 8412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108412.
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With an increasing awareness of urban health and well-being, this study highlights the growing importance of considering environmental quality in urban design beyond mere energy performance. This study integrates outdoor and indoor quality by investigating the effect of design parameters at an urban block scale (building form restricted to width and length as rectangular and square, building orientation, block orientation, building combination, building height, facade length, built-up percentage, setbacks, and canyon aspect ratio) on outdoor thermal comfort and energy use intensity. In addition, it explains the different correlations between outdoor thermal comfort and energy use intensity in different urban block designs in a hot-summer Mediterranean climate in Jordan. The study adopts a performance-driven approach using simulation tools of Ladybug, Honeybee, Dragonfly, and Eddy3d plugins across the grasshopper interface and evaluates 59 different urban block designs with nine different orientations (0°, 1°, 45°, 85°, 87°, 90°, 355°, 358°, and 359°). The results show that there is a positive correlation between the canyon aspect ratio and the environmental performance of the urban block designs. North–south street canyons are more effective at enhancing microclimates. Negatively increasing the street aspect ratio by more than four affected outdoor thermal comfort by increasing longwave radiation. Further results suggest a positive correlation between the compactness of urban blocks and their environmental performance, with north–south street canyons found to be more effective in enhancing microclimates. The study emphasizes the need to understand the distribution of open spaces formed by buildings and to strike a balance between day and night, as well as summer and winter conditions in outdoor spaces.
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Keto, Evan, Melissa McHale, George Hess, Bronson Bullock e Gary Blank. "Design Choices and Urban Forest Characteristics in Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S. Parking Lots". Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38, n.º 2 (1 de março de 2012): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.009.
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Trees provide important environmental, economic, and social benefits that can help to offset the negative effects of parking lots. Many cities recognize that adding space for trees in parking lots is beneficial and have created regulations that dictate minimum requirements for tree planting. However, it is not clear if tree plantings in parking lots achieve the urban tree canopy goals initially imagined by these communities. The study authors sampled parking lot trees in Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S., to determine how species composition and urban forest structure vary with respect to parking lot size, shape, and design. Using a two-stage cluster sampling scheme, Raleigh’s parking lots were found to contain 44,000 ± 24,000 trees (95% confidence interval). No differences in tree compos tion were explained by the size or shape of the parking lots. Planting spaces within the parking lot that were preserved during construction were found to have more trees, canopy, and basal area per hectare than designed planting spaces in which the number, spacing, and species of trees were prescribed. Among designed planting spaces, large, linear rows had greater canopy and basal area per tree but fewer trees per hectare than smaller, circular islands. These results suggest that decisions made during the design process may have lasting effects on the structure and function of this portion of the urban forest.
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Karan Jain, Ruchi Gaur e Sunakshi Shokeen. "Interior Design Patterns and Sustainable Housing Solutions: Insights from a Slum Community in North-West Delhi, India". International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, n.º 04 (6 de abril de 2024): 747–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0104.
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This scholarly investigation embarks on an in-depth analysis of the multifaceted and complex realm of urban informality, with a particular focus on the intricacies involved in the construction of residential spaces within informal settlements. At the heart of this study lies the transformative urban phenomenon predominantly witnessed in the developing world during the early 21st century. This era has marked a paradigm shift in urban informality, transcending its previous association exclusively with impoverished communities. Informality has now emerged as a predominant and influential model in the landscape of metropolitan urbanization. Significantly, informal settlements have burgeoned into pivotal residential areas, accommodating an ever-increasing portion of the urban populace. These settlements are primarily inhabited by individuals migrating from rural areas in pursuit of enhanced life prospects, thus contributing to a marked population shift. According to the United Nations, approximately one billion people, or nearly a quarter of the world's urban population, reside in informal settlements, highlighting the urgency and scale of this global issue. The ongoing trend of urbanization places immense strain on urban infrastructure and resources. One of the most pressing challenges is ensuring the availability of adequate space and affordable housing for these migrants. Many rural migrants, constrained by limited financial resources and often possessing insufficient savings, are unable to afford housing within formally planned and developed areas. Consequently, they resort to residing in informal settlements, which have become vital components of the urban economic fabric. This research project delves into the nuanced and formidable challenges encountered by these poor migrants as they endeavour to create homes in urban settings. The study aims to provide a thorough understanding of the process involved in acquiring and constructing a home within these informal environments. It also seeks to shed light on the myriad struggles and complexities that are intertwined with this endeavor. An essential element of this inquiry is the examination of the residents' remarkable ingenuity in managing and adapting their living spaces. This includes innovative approaches to space optimization, strategic arrangement of furnishings and furniture, and the adept use of everyday utility items to enhance their living conditions. To ground this research in tangible experiences, Ekta Camp has been chosen as a focal case study. This informal settlement, designated as a notified slum in the 2010 census, offers its residents access to basic services, though they lack formal land rights. By conducting a detailed exploration of the living conditions, experiences, and adaptive practices of the inhabitants of Ekta Camp, this study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of informal settlements. The insights gleaned from this research are poised to influence broader discussions on sustainable and inclusive housing strategies. Moreover, the findings hold the potential to inform future policies and planning in formal housing and urban development, offering innovative and practical solutions that can be applied to similar contexts globally. This research underscores the importance of re-evaluating and re-envisioning housing policies to better accommodate and integrate the growing population in informal settlements, thereby contributing to the creation of more equitable and sustainable urban landscapes.
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Bunevska Talevska, Jasmina, e Marija Malenkovska Todorova. "Multicriteria decision making approach as a tool for street network re-design in the city of Bitola, North Macedonia". Put i saobraćaj 65, n.º 2 (9 de julho de 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.65.02.01.
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The current urban planning principles are based on the renewal and use of the cities’ available potentials, with the aim of their sustainable urban mobility development. Today, according to the literature, there is no doubt that urban reconstruction is a much better direction for the development of smart cities since numerous challenges threaten the ability of cities to become viable pillars of sustainable development. The main objective of this paper is to adopt recently developed methodology for the analysis and selection of pedestrian crossing types on the case study location example regarding first phase on sustainable urban mobility plan development for the Municipality of Bitola, North Macedonia, as well as to underline the principles and assessment procedure for the re-design of urban network in Bitola as a sustainable urban form.
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Meng, Bo, Mingjie Li, Xinqiang Du e Xueyan Ye. "Flood Control and Aquifer Recharge Effects of Sponge City: A Case Study in North China". Water 14, n.º 1 (4 de janeiro de 2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010092.
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Sponge City is an integrated urban stormwater management approach and practice to tackle waterlogging, flooding, water scarcity, and their related problems. Despite many positive effects of Sponge City on flood control that have been investigated and revealed, the effect on aquifer recharge is still less known. Considering maximizing the function of natural elements such as surface water bodies and subsurface storage space, to minimize the use of a gray drainage system, a Sponge City design was proposed to substitute the planning development scheme in the study area. The stormwater management model of SWMM (storm water management model) and the groundwater flow model of MODFlow (Modular Three-dimensional Finite-difference Groundwater Flow Model) were adopted to evaluate the flood-control effect and aquifer-recharge effect, respectively. Compared with the traditional planning scenario, the peak runoff is approximately 92% less than that under the traditional planning scenario under the condition of a 5-year return period. Due to the increase in impervious areas of urban construction, the total aquifer recharge from precipitation and surface water bodies was decreased both in the present planning scenario and the Sponge City design scenario. However, the Sponge City design has a positive impact on maintaining groundwater level stabilization and even raises the groundwater level in some specific areas where stormwater seepage infrastructure is located.
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Pisano, Carlo, Giuseppe De Luca e Ahmadreza Shirvani Dastgerdi. "Smart Techniques in Urban Planning: An Insight to Ruled-Based Design". Sustainability 12, n.º 1 (22 de dezembro de 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010114.
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In the last decades, the ideology of managing the city form and performance through pre-determined plans has gradually lost its validity. Some contemporary urban planning theories suggest the application of smart design techniques for managing urban complexity. However, the proposed approach has partially been experienced in practice, and more research on how to integrate them into urban planning is needed. This study aims to present an insight into the rule-based design as a smart design technique for a shift from pre-determined urban plans to design rules. The methodology is based on a comparative analysis between the experiments of some cases in the north of Europe. Research findings highlight that the capacity to deliver variety with harmony, the distinction between the roles of code writer and building designer, the potential to support the implementation process and to prescribe specific qualities, both for the spatial and organizational purposes, are significant factors for the integration of smart design techniques to urban planning.
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Li, Zhe, Yuanbo Cao, Jiupeng Zhang e Wolong Liu. "Urban rainfall characteristics and permeable pavement structure optimization for sponge road in North China". Water Science and Technology 83, n.º 8 (10 de março de 2021): 1932–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.091.
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Abstract Permeable asphalt pavement types are generally selected according to local traffic volume and rainfall intensity. This study focuses on the design of the pavement drainage asphalt pavement combination scheme by analyzing the rainfall characteristics of five representative cities in North China. Furthermore, nine kinds of drainage pavement scheme applicable to Beijing are proposed. To this end, the permeable function design analysis, as well as the bearing capacity design analysis of permeable asphalt pavement, was carried out with the help of storm runoff simulation software SWMM5.1 and pavement structure analysis software BISAR3.0, respectively. The results indicate that the minimum total design thickness of permeable surface layer and permeable basic layer meeting the requirements of road drainage in this region is 170 mm, and the nine drainage pavement schemes meet the specification requirements.
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Affif, Aulia Malik, e Novrial Novrial. "CPTED Assessment in High Rise Building Underground Parking Facilities (Case Study: Cambridge City Square)". International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 5, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2021): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v5i1.6028.
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Abstract. Buildings grow rapidly in urban areas. Along with the newly built buildings, the need for supporting facilities is increased significantly like the need for parking facilities. Yet, there was still a failure on the building design that will lead criminals to do something that can be dangerous and threaten human security. However, there is still anther ways to prevent crime by considering the design and criminal aspects, that is CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design). This research aims to assess CPTED implementation in a high rise building underground parking facilities in Medan. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method to reveal data systematically, factually, and describe the various phenomenon of a particular population or area. Data stored and processed with AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) methods with the help of computer software named Super Decision on getting the value of each specific CPTED key concept for parking facilities. The final CPTED assessment score is 2.994 out of 4. This score is on the range of 2,51-3,00 rating system and categorized as good and shows that CPTED implementation at Cambridge City Square underground parking facilities is suited in CPTED principles even though there are still various components of variables and sub-variables were missing and below standard quality. The result of this research is expected to be useful in the field of architecture especially in preventing crime.
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Adewuyi, Emmanuel O., Yun Zhao, Asa Auta e Reeta Lamichhane. "Prevalence and factors associated with non-utilization of healthcare facility for childbirth in rural and urban Nigeria: Analysis of a national population-based survey". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, n.º 6 (27 de junho de 2017): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817705562.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the rural–urban differences in the prevalence and factors associated with non-utilization of healthcare facility for childbirth (home delivery) in Nigeria. Methods: Dataset from the Nigeria demographic and health survey, 2013, disaggregated by rural–urban residence were analyzed with appropriate adjustment for the cluster sampling design of the survey. Factors associated with home delivery were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: In rural and urban residence, the prevalence of home delivery were 78.3% and 38.1%, respectively ( p < 0.001). The lowest prevalence of home delivery occurred in the South-East region for rural residence (18.6%) and the South-West region for urban residence (17.9%). The North-West region had the highest prevalence of home delivery, 93.6% and 70.5% in rural and urban residence, respectively. Low maternal as well as paternal education, low antenatal attendance, being less wealthy, the practice of Islam, and living in the North-East, North-West and the South-South regions increased the likelihood of home delivery in both rural and urban residences. Whether in rural or urban residence, birth order of one decreased the likelihood of home delivery. In rural residence only, living in the North-Central region increased the chances of home delivery. In urban residence only, maternal age ⩾ 36 years decreased the likelihood of home delivery, while ‘Traditionalist/other’ religion and maternal age < 20 years increased it. Conclusion: The prevalence of home delivery was much higher in rural than urban Nigeria and the associated factors differ to varying degrees in the two residences. Future intervention efforts would need to prioritize findings in this study.
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McClure, Wendy R. "Sustaining Heritage Patterns in Mining Towns of the North American West: A Historico-Geographical Approach". Heritage 4, n.º 2 (7 de junho de 2021): 961–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020052.
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Urban morphology provides essential methodologies to inform processes for heritage preservation and design intervention in historic places. Among principal research methods used by urban morphologists, the historico-geographical approach is particularly helpful for interpreting formative and transformative processes and for identifying key elements that define the physical structure of historic contexts at a town or neighbourhood scale. This article will discuss applications of an adapted historico-geographical approach to analyse heritage patterns in 19th-century mining towns located in mountainous regions of the western United States. Profiled case studies are part of an ongoing study intended to inform design and revitalization processes by architects, planners and community stakeholders in the region.
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Remarchuk, S. M. "The analysis of novel approaches to Arctic cities design". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 26, n.º 2 (22 de abril de 2024): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2024-26-2-36-47.
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The paper is devoted to novel approaches to the design of Arctic cities against global climate changes in permafrost regions. The paper studies demographic, ethnographic and tourist aspects of the city design in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.Methodology/approach: The development of new approaches to design and settlements in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The methodology and theory of this study is based in research of urban planners and architects engaged in problems of settlement in the Far North and design of modern residential and public buildings in the Arctic zone.Research findings: It is shown that approaches to the design of the urban environment and in the central and southern regions of our country are different. As a result, the main approaches are identified for Arctic cities.Practical implications: The proposed approaches can be used by urban planners and architects for the creation of new architectural complexes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
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Saffana, Khansa, Febri Guinensa Putra, Ananda Amelia Pandani e Heru Wibowo Poerbo. "Resilient Urban Design Approach for Coastal Settlement (Case Study: Kampung Bahari Tambak Lorok, Semarang)". TATALOKA 25, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2023): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.25.3.204-216.
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Kampung Bahari Tambak Lorok is a coastal settlement in Semarang that has a vulnerability to disaster. The main problem of the vulnerability is the tidal and annual flooding every rainy season. The flooding is caused by the location of Kampung Bahari, the land subsidence issue, and the effect of climate change that causes extreme weather and sea-level rise (SLR). Kampung Bahari is located in North Semarang and is formed by the young alluvial deposits that trigger subsidence, while the subsidence itself is not only caused by geology reason but also geotechnical reasons, such as excessive water consumption, consolidation, and excessive land loads. This paper aims to examine the design approach that is most probable to be implied due to the vulnerability of Kampung Bahari towards the tidal and annual flood caused by the reasons mentioned above. The research will be carried out by data collection about Kampung Bahari, finding the actual settlement condition, and describing the problems deeper. The result will focus on the physical intervention consisting of implementing water-sensitive design principles, especially in the spatial planning of the settlements, urban system efficiency, building prototype guidelines, and infrastructure.
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Davis, Shannon, e Guanyu Chen. "Community Perception of Animal-Based Urban Agriculture within City Greenspaces of the Global North: A Survey of Residents near Cornwall Park, New Zealand". Sustainability 14, n.º 19 (29 de setembro de 2022): 12419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912419.
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The ability of cities worldwide to feed themselves is of increasing concern to Urban Planning and Design professions. In recent years, interest in reintegrating agricultural production back into cities of the Global North has grown, particularly with regard to plant-based urban agriculture. Research focused on animal-based urban agriculture however has been notably absent from the literature and case studies set within cities of the Global North. This study aims to contribute to this emerging area of research and seeks to better understand the enablers and barriers to integrating grazing animals within urban greenspace from a ‘neighbor’ perspective. This paper presents survey responses from residents living around Cornwall Park, an urban greenspace in Aotearoa New Zealand’s largest city, Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland, that integrates a working sheep and beef farm as part of the 172 ha urban greenspace. Findings revealed that the grazing animals were highly valued by the neighboring community with 99% of respondents feeling ‘positive’ towards the inclusion of grazing animals as part of the public park. Our findings have implications for cities of the Global North considering the reintegration of animal-based urban agriculture, providing support for decision-making when defining policies for enabling animal-based agriculture within public greenspace.
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Xu, Su Ning, Dian Zhang e Cong Cao. "City Transportation Hub Region Planning Based on the Urban Design Integrating Strategy: A Case Study of Conceptual Reform Design of the Changchun Railway Station North Area". Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (outubro de 2012): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.763.
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Abstract. With the rapid urbanization and development in China, reconstruction and construction for the comprehensive transportation hub of the railway station area is underway in most city. The paper used the conceptual reform design of Changchun railway station north area as example, to describe that how to improve integral image and environmental quality by urban design integrating strategy. The purpose is to maximize the function of the transport hub area and to reach reasonable evacuation traffic flow, thus create a transit-oriented composite development project with dynamic and sustainable by function and space integration.
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Kaur, Manmeet, P. V. M. Lakshmi, Abhishek Sharma, Vijin Pandara Purayil, Nandita Mathur e Vikas Verma. "COVID-19 Stigma and Discrimination in a North Indian State: A Concurrent Mixed Method Study". Indian Journal of Public Health 67, n.º 4 (outubro de 2023): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_1255_22.
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Summary We measured COVID-19-related stigma and discrimination and its drivers using a concurrent mixed-methods design in Punjab. The simple random sampling was used to select blocks, subcenters, and urban primary healthcenters from each of the four selected districts. The systematic random sampling was used to select households. A sample of 423 adults was interviewed using a structured questionnaire and 10 in-depth interviews were conducted using an interview guide. Binary logistic regression was performed to find the predictors. Stigma prevalence was mild 18%, moderate 45%, and severe 37%. Logistic regression indicated that stigma was lower in the rural compared to the urban population (P < 0.01). Hospitalized patients faced discrimination more often compared to those who were treated/quarantined at home. People feared police (71%), testing (69%), and contracting the infection (65%). Fear of screening, disclosure of status, and transmission of the virus were the drivers of stigma and discrimination. Co-occurrence of labeling, stereotyping, and cognitive separation was observed.
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Zhang, Haopeng, e Qin Deng. "Deep Learning Based Fossil-Fuel Power Plant Monitoring in High Resolution Remote Sensing Images: A Comparative Study". Remote Sensing 11, n.º 9 (10 de maio de 2019): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11091117.
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The frequent hazy weather with air pollution in North China has aroused wide attention in the past few years. One of the most important pollution resource is the anthropogenic emission by fossil-fuel power plants. To relieve the pollution and assist urban environment monitoring, it is necessary to continuously monitor the working status of power plants. Satellite or airborne remote sensing provides high quality data for such tasks. In this paper, we design a power plant monitoring framework based on deep learning to automatically detect the power plants and determine their working status in high resolution remote sensing images (RSIs). To this end, we collected a dataset named BUAA-FFPP60 containing RSIs of over 60 fossil-fuel power plants in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in North China, which covers about 123 km 2 of an urban area. We compared eight state-of-the-art deep learning models and comprehensively analyzed their performance on accuracy, speed, and hardware cost. Experimental results illustrate that our deep learning based framework can effectively detect the fossil-fuel power plants and determine their working status with mean average precision up to 0.8273, showing good potential for urban environment monitoring.
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Peimani, Nastaran, e Hesam Kamalipour. "Access and Forms of Urbanity in Public Space: Transit Urban Design Beyond the Global North". Sustainability 12, n.º 8 (24 de abril de 2020): 3495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083495.
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There has been an emerging interest in the study of urban design dimensions associated with Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs). However, addressing the question of how TOD principles laid out in the international literature can be explored in the context of the global South remains in an incipient stage. In this paper, we investigate the nexus between station walkable catchments and forms of urbanity around transit nodes by adopting an assemblage approach to cut across any separation of sociality and spatiality. Drawing on empirical research from two case studies in Tehran, this paper contributes to studies on transit urban design by developing two measures of accessibility—the Catchment of Accessible Public Spaces (CAPS) and Accessible Interfaces (AI). We found that the combination of high CAPS and high AI within a given time can enable streetlife intensity, which is also linked to a synergistic effect of a larger assemblage, including the number of entries and diversity of functions. We argue that a focus on both measures is critical to understand the performance and potential transformation of street networks in a TOD.
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Qiao, Zhi, Guangjin Tian, Lixiao Zhang e Xinliang Xu. "Influences of Urban Expansion on Urban Heat Island in Beijing during 1989–2010". Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/187169.
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Beijing has experienced rapid urbanization and associated urban heat island (UHI) effects. This study aimed at analyzing the impact of urban form on UHI in Beijing using TM/ETM images between 1989 and 2010. Spatial analysis was proposed to explore the relationships between area, compactness ratio, the gravity centers of urban land, and UHI. The UHI in Beijing spatially represented a “NE-SW” spindle. The land surface temperature (LST) was higher in south than in north. Urban Heat Island Ratio Index (URI) was well interrelated with urban land area in different zones. Under the similar urban land area condition, UHI and compactness ratio of urban land were in positive correlation. The moving direction of the UHI gravity center was basically in agreement with urban land sprawl. The encroachment of urban land on suburban land is the leading source of UHI effect. The results suggest that urban design based on urban form would be effective for regulating the thermal environment.
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Zagroba, Marek. "The role of old towns in small Warmian towns in shaping the region’s cultural landscape". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 22, n.º 2 (16 de junho de 2023): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.8560.
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Motives: The historical urban layout and architectural design of old towns significantly contribute to the cultural landscape of small towns and the region. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the role of historical spatial structures in the development of the local cultural landscape. The study was conducted in small Medieval towns in the Region of Warmia in north-eastern Poland. The extent to which the architectural design of historical urban structures, in particular architectural landmarks, influences the local landscape was analyzed.Aim: The described research goals were achieved with the use of several research methods. The study demonstrated that the Medieval spatial urban layout of old towns, including architectural landmarks, significantly influences the region’s cultural landscape and contributes to a strong sense of local identity. The results suggest that historical architecture and urban layout can contribute to the economic development of small towns.Results: The results indicate that well-preserved historical urban structures can contribute to the economic growth of small towns and effective promotion of regions.
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Cömert, Nevter Zafer, e Sebnem Önal Hoskara. "A Typo-Morphological Study: The Cmc Industrial Mass Housing District, Lefke, Northern Cyprus". Open House International 38, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2013): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2013-b0003.
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With the increasing number of universities in the country, research on urban form and architecture—with a focus on historic settlements—has accelerated in Cyprus in the last fifteen years. Lefke, a small traditional medieval town located on north-west Cyprus, warrants a detailed urban morphological study, as its traditional urban pattern has been shaped by a medieval character. Within its overall organic urban pattern, there are well-scaled narrow streets, a number of public buildings and irregularly shaped public spaces at the intersection of streets and/or in front of public buildings. Lefke's morphological characteristics, which have developed throughout many years, have been significantly impacted by British influences, as the Cyprus Mines Corporation (CMC), established in 1916, turned Lefke into an industrial town. The CMC district, which is the first industrial mass housing district in Cyprus, has uniquely impacted Lefke's urban patterns and still defines the morphological characteristics of the town today. Accordingly, this paper first explores urban morphology based on two pioneering morphological studies: Gianfranco Cannigia's theories of typo-morphological understanding, and the evolutionary insights of M.R.G. Conzen. The ultimate goal is to set up a typo-morphological basis for the CMC industrial mass housing district, which will drive future interventions, design and planning policies towards its conservation and sustainability.
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Prusty, Ranjan Kumar, e Kunal Keshri. "Differentials in child nutrition and immunization among migrants and non-migrants in Urban India". International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 11, n.º 3 (21 de setembro de 2015): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2014-0006.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand disparities in child immunization and nutritional status among children by migration status in urban India. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilized third round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 2005-2006) data, which is the Indian version of Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used to study the levels and factors associated with child nutrition and immunization by migration status. Findings – Results suggest that malnutrition and no immunization are very high among children of rural-urban migrants and full immunization is lower than urban non-migrants and urban-urban migrants. More than half of the children from marginalized households suffer from the problem of undernutrition among rural-urban migrants. Multivariate results show economic status, age of the mother, education, caste and media exposure are negatively associated with malnutrition and positively associated with immunization. Children from south, north-east and east are found to have lesser chance of being malnourished than north region of India. Practical implications – The challenges experienced by rural-urban migrants are reflected over their children and needs a greater attention among policy makers in India. Originality/value – The finding of this study that children of the rural-urban migrants are in a disadvantageous position in terms of nutrition and immunization. This reflects the precarious condition of rural-urban migrants who initially settles in poor neighbourhoods, which are characterized by lack of adequate sanitation and clean water, poor housing and overcrowding, and difficulty in access to modern health services brought out by many researchers.
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Mandić, Lazar, Aleksandra Đjukić, Jelena Marić e Biserka Mitrović. "A Systematic Review of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Studies for the Urban (Re)Design of City Squares". Sustainability 16, n.º 12 (7 de junho de 2024): 4920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16124920.
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In the upcoming period, city squares’ urban redesign will be crucial in achieving sustainable development goals. This study presents a systematic review of OTC-related studies for the urban design of city squares using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. A review included a total of 173 papers from 2001 to 2023. The results identified five study types—clusters based on four pre-defined criteria: study approach, data collection methods, time duration, and primary objectives. The clusters indicate that more than half of all studies are related to the comparison of thermal comfort and heat mitigation measures. Most of the case studies were located in one of three climate zones: temperate oceanic (Cfb) (58 studies), hot summer Mediterranean (Csa) (40 studies), or humid subtropical (Cfa) (28 studies). The most common geometry of the analyzed urban square is medium-sized, is rectangular, and has dominant axel orientation south–north. Also, based on all five clusters, several research gaps were identified, appropriate for future research: the majority of studies related to the traditionally considered climate areas, no typology of urban square geometry configuration based on OTC assessment, and the lack of a local design model for assessing and improving the thermal comfort of city squares.
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Xu, Xiaodong, Yupeng Liu, Wei Wang, Ning Xu, Ke Liu e Gang Yu. "Urban Layout Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm for Microclimate Performance in the Cold Region of China". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 22 (7 de novembro de 2019): 4747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224747.
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A performance-driven sustainable urban design is an important step in adapting to local climates and improving outdoor comfort level. This study proposed investigating an urban layout optimization method, validated in an urban area in Shenyang City, a cold region, that comprises nine urban blocks. This study selected an urban block type and street width as optimization input indices and defined the percentage of acceptable universal thermal comfort index (UTCI) range as the objective. The genetic algorithm is applied to optimize and generate an urban block to maximize the percentage of acceptable UTCI range at urban block level and street level. When the comfort level is set as −17–20 °C, optimization can achieve 87.7% of acceptable UTCI in the urban block level and 90.3% at urban street level. To attain an urban layout with higher than 85% acceptable UTCI range, results found, in a cold region, multistory blocks are more suitable than high-rise blocks and open spaces; it would be better to place multistory blocks with high building enclosures on the north side to block cold wind.
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Freewan, Ahmed A. Y. "Energy-Efficient Solutions Depending on Building Forms Design with Tilted South and North Facades". Buildings 12, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060753.
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Interactions between buildings and outdoor environment variables, such as the sun, wind and precipitation, depend on building parameters such as orientation, colours, materials and forms. Building forms are one of the most important parameters that directly impact the cooling and heating load energy consumption, daylight environment and urban sustainability. The current study focused on how building forms affect the energy performance of buildings. Inclined forms that were shaped based on the inclination of south and north facades were studied. Many methods were used to explore the impacts of several variables, including exposure to direct sunrays and heating and cooling load. Thermal performance and energy consumption were investigated for many inward- and outward-tilted angles forms for both the south and north directions and compared to vertical facades. In addition, the study developed new building forms based on a combination of south and north tilted forms, which have low energy consumption. The configurations achieved an acceptable balance between cooling and heating energy consumption. A series of computer simulations were developed using energy plus a calculation engine within DesignBuilder, SunCast, Radiance and IES VE. The results showed that outward-tilted facades for the south orientation perform well, as they reduced the cooling load due to self-shading. Building forms that balanced south and north tilted facades saved the most energy. South-tilted facades forming only 30° angles performed the best, with average energy savings of 20%. Meanwhile, forms with 30° south-tilted facade and 10° tilted north facades, such as forms 3–6, reduced energy consumption by more than 23% compared to the base case.
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Abebe, Mezid Kassa. "Identifying the Status and Determinants of Food insecurity in North Central Ethiopia: A case Study from Borena District, Ethiopia". Ethiopian Renaissance Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 10, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2023): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/erjssh.v10i1.2.
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Currently, food insecurity is a global concern particularly in the developing nations like Ethiopia despite there is governmental efforts. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to identify the status and determinants of rural households’ food security in Borena district, north central Ethiopia. The study followed the positivism world view with a cross sectional study design. The study used multistage sampling procedure which involves a combination of purposive and random sampling techniques to select 358 sample household heads. Household sample survey was the main means that was used to acquire primary data. To identify the status of food insecurity and its determinants, Dietary Energy Supply indicator and Binary logistic regressions model were respectively employed. The results showed that about 71.7% of the respondents were food unsecured households. A binary logistic regression model which was used in the study confirmed that education, cultivated farm size, improved seeds, urban linkages and access to health extension workers positively determined the food security while family size (population pressure) negatively determined the food security status of the households in the study area. Thus, the stakeholders (government bodies, non-governmental organizations, humanitarian agents and community leaders) need to intervene on regularly consumed nutritious foods. Policy reformers and designers should also work hard to reform and design policies on improvements in rural households’ education, size of cultivated land, access to health extension workers, improved seeds and rural- urban linkage in order to alleviate their food security constraints.
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Azizi, Parviz, Ali Soltani, Farokh Bagheri, Shahrzad Sharifi e Mehdi Mikaeili. "An Integrated Modelling Approach to Urban Growth and Land Use/Cover Change". Land 11, n.º 10 (3 de outubro de 2022): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101715.
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Long-term sustainable development in developing countries requires researching and projecting urban physical growth and land use/land cover change (LUCC). This research fills a gap in the literature by exploring the issues of modelling coupled LUCC and urban growth, their causes, and the role of policymakers. Tabriz metropolitan area (TMA), located at north-west Iran, was chosen as a case study to design an integrated framework using four well-established methods: cellular automata (CA), Markov chains (MC), logistic regression (LR), and stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Northern, north-west, and central TMA were affected the worst by urbanisation and the loss of cultivated and grassland between 1990 and 2020. The accessibility of arterial roadways and proximity to major cities influenced these changes. Three scenarios characterise LUCC dynamics: the uncontrolled growth scenario (UGS) and the historical trend growth scenario (HTGS) foresee significant loss of cultivated land and continued urban expansion above the long-term average in 2050, while the environmental protection growth scenario (EPGS) promotes sustainable development and compact urbanisation. This study's methodology can follow and investigate the coupled dynamics of LUCC and urban growth spatially and temporally.
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McCants, Anne E. C. "Urban Achievement in Early Modern Europe: Golden Ages in Antwerp, Amsterdam and London. Edited by Patrick Karl O'Brien, Derek J. Keene, Herman Van der Wee, and Majolein't Hart. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xiv, 361. $64.95." Journal of Economic History 63, n.º 1 (março de 2003): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050703211803.
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This edited volume is the result of a series of interdisciplinary conferences and seminars sponsored by the Renaissance Trust between 1990 and 1995 to examine “Achievement in Intellectual and Material Culture in Early Modern Europe” (p. 3). Historians of science, culture, the economy, and architecture and urban design were brought together to reflect on the intersections between past achievements in their respective fields within urban centers, as well as on the transfer of those achievements from one urban place to the next over time. These scholars were also called upon to consider the connections between the findings of more traditional “case-study” urban history and the grand narratives of modern development and geopolitical conflict. All of the contributors to this volume agreed to address the same meta question: “Why do recognized and celebrated achievements, across several fields of endeavor, tend to cluster within cities over relatively short periods of time?” (p. 5). In a schema entirely consistent with the Braudelian paradigm of early modern development (Fernand Braudel, The Perspective of the World. New York, 1981–84.), three cities in particular were chosen as representative of these episodic peaks of early modern achievement: Antwerp, Amsterdam, and London in roughly the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries respectively. The chapters of the book are thus organized in groups of three, with one chapter devoted to each area of endeavor in each of the three cities, beginning with their material bases in economic growth and ending with high culture as exemplified by the arts, books, and scientific research and discovery.
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Zhang, Yonggang, Yonghong Wang e Yuanyuan Zhao. "A Case Study on the Deformation of Metro Foundation Pit in Silt Stratum in North China". Shock and Vibration 2021 (28 de outubro de 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7454596.
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Geological conditions of urban subway foundation pits are controllable factors in determining the deformation of pits. In this paper, the monitoring data and statistical data of a subway deep foundation pit in North China are presented and compared with those of Tianjin subway. The deformation characteristics of the proposed pit, open excavated with triple-layer steel supports, are introduced in detail. Based on the aforementioned information, the energy conservation equation of the mobilized strength design (MSD) method in which the compression deformation energy of internal support is considered is applied to predict the maximum lateral movement. The maximum lateral movement turns out to be 22.2 mm according to the improved MSD method, which is very close to the measured value.
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Dai, Yi-Zheng, e Chen-Yang Zhang. "Comparative Study on Characteristics of Urban Road Network in Station Catchment Area between China and Other Countries for Station-City Integration". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (11 de maio de 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1910404.
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The urban road network is one of the most important factors affecting urban traffic operation in station catchment areas, as well as the main factor in station-city integration. China’s high-speed railway has developed rapidly, and station catchment areas encompassed by station-city integration have emerged as city planning and urban design aims. However, the differences in urban road network characteristics in the station catchment area between China and other countries have not been adequately researched yet. Considering 20 station catchment areas encompassed by the station-city integration as examples, this study analyzes the intersection quantity and network density in station catchment areas to compare the characteristics of urban road networks in China with those in Europe, North America, and Japan. Combined with the square block model calculation, we found the following. (1) The network density in non-China cases is concentrated in 16–22 km/km2. The Honkong West Kowloon Station and Shapingba Station approach this range, while the Shanghai Hongqiao Station and Hangzhou East Station feature considerably lower values than this range. (2) The intersection quantity in non-China cases is concentrated in 225 pcs/km2. Except for that of the Honkong West Kowloon Station, the values for the Shapingba Station, Shanghai Hongqiao Station, and Hangzhou West Station are lower than this range. (3) Developing small-scale blocks by gridding has an optimal effect on station catchment areas within the side-length range of 47.1–97.5 m. (4) The current situation of the entire urban road network and the specifications for the design codes of the road network exhibit a certain correlation with the road network characteristics of the station catchment areas.
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Al-Kodmany, Kheir. "New Suburbanism: Sustainable Spatial Patterns of Tall Buildings". Buildings 8, n.º 9 (13 de setembro de 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8090127.
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Much of the anticipated future growth in North America will occur in suburbia. The critical challenge that we will face is how to accommodate this growth in a sustainable and resilient manner. While the past 50 years have been characterized by suburban sprawl and low-rise development, “suburban sustainability” is increasingly making its way into the planning and urban design policy realm. This research investigates the spatial patterns of tall buildings in 24 suburban communities of three different regions including, Washington, D.C., Miami, and Chicago. The study identifies 10 different spatial patterns that prevail in suburbia and provides a concise summary of these patterns and reflects on their spatial and urban design aspects. The research concludes that the Tall Buildings and Transit-Oriented-Development (TB-TOD) model, an urban design approach that refers to vertical mixed-use clusters centered on mass-transit nodes, is one of the sustainable options for large regions going forward. The paper also discusses the challenges to the TB-TOD model implementation, mainly limited transit lines and community resistance. It ends by offering directions for future research.
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Mao, Lina, Wenquan Li, Pengsen Hu, Guiliang Zhou, Huiting Zhang e Xuanyu Zhou. "Urban Arterial Road Optimization and Design Combined with HOV Carpooling under Connected Vehicle Environment". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (19 de dezembro de 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6895239.
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The HOV carpooling lane offers a feasible approach to alleviate traffic congestion. The connected vehicle environment is able to provide accurate traffic data, which could optimize the design of HOV carpooling schemes. In this paper, significant tidal traffic flow phenomenon with severe traffic congestion was identified on North Beijing road (bidirectional four-lane) and South Huaihai road (bidirectional six-lane) in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province. The historical traffic data of the road segments were collected through the connected vehicle environment facilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of adopting two HOV schemes (regular HOV scheme and reversible HOV carpooling scheme) on the urban arterial road under connected vehicle environment. VISSIM was used to simulate the proposed two HOV carpooling schemes at the mentioned road segment. The simulation results showed that the reversible HOV carpooling scheme could not only mitigate the traffic congestion caused by traffic tidal phenomenon but also improve the average speed and traffic volume of the urban arterial road segment, while the regular HOV scheme may exert a negative impact on the average speed and traffic volume on the urban arterial road segment.
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Feng, Xiaogang, Zaihui Zhou, Sekhar Somenahalli, Meng Li, Fengxia Li e Yuan Wang. "Spatio-Temporal Differentiation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Urban Thermal Environment: A Case Study in Shaanxi Province, China". Sustainability 15, n.º 17 (2 de setembro de 2023): 13206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713206.
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Rapid urbanization and global warming have led to a series of ecological and health problems caused by the deterioration of urban thermal environment (UTE). Using a comprehensive analysis of meteorological and remote sensing data for Shaanxi Province, a model of urban thermal differentiation (UTD) was developed, and the spatio-temporal characteristics of UTE in different regions were analyzed. Using the Geo-explore model, natural and socio-economic factors were chosen to explain the spatio-temporal distribution changes in UTE. The results showed that the UTD and Geo-explore models can be used to estimate spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics and change patterns of UTE. This method can describe UTE’s spatial distribution and change characteristics well, making it suitable for multiple-perspective evaluations. In Shaanxi Province, the spatio-temporal distribution of UTE shows a decreasing trend from south to north and east to west. After 2000, the UTD showed a relatively stable performance in the Southern, Central, and Northern regions. The atmospheric temperature (AT) varied greatly across regions due to different factors. UTE mitigation and improved urban design can be achieved using this method.
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A, Bada, O., Alhassan A. I., Momoh E. O., Olotu Y., Osagioduwa M, Dirisu H. I e Ayilaran C. I. "Assessment of Urban Domestic Water Demand and Supply in Edo North, Nigeria". Indian Journal of Production and Thermal Engineering 1, n.º 2 (10 de junho de 2021): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijpte.b2006.061221.
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An exponential increase in the global population has seriously put pressure on land and water resources. It is projected that 33% of the worldwide people will be highly water-stressed by the 2050s if effective strategies are not developed. The study assessed urban domestic water demand and supply in Edo North senatorial district in Edo State, Nigeria. This is with the view of exploring some critical water resource variables to determine water security, distribution, and accessibility of safe drinking water in Edo North in Edo State in Nigeria. Integrated Water Resource Management Tools (IWRT) such as Water Poverty Index (WPI) and Water Accessibility Indicator (WAI) was applied. The results show that Auchi is highly water-stressed at the Estako-west area with MPI and WAI values of 0.24 and 0.33. Conversely, Okpella and Agenebode in Eskako central have MPI and WAI values 0.34 and 0.31, and 0.31 and 0.32. Sabo Gida Ora and Isobe in Owan East and West have better safe drinking water coverage and accessibility with the indicator values of 0.54, 0.53 [WPI], and 0.61 and 0.59 [WAI]. It is generally observed that the supply of potable water in the Edo North is highly unsecured and unsustainable to meet the current and future demand. Valuable and economic time is wasted to gather water from an average closest distance of 1.3 km from home to some designated water taps. In conclusion, it is imperative to design a robust integrated water policy that should include Private-Public-Partnership (PPP) to invest in the provision of safe drinking water.
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O.A., Bada,, Alhassan A.I, Momoh E.O., Olotu Y., Osagioduwa M., Dirisu H.I e Ayilaran C.I. "Assessment of Urban Domestic Water Demand and Supply in Edo North, Nigeria". Indian Journal of Production and Thermal Engineering 1, n.º 2 (10 de junho de 2021): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijpte.b2006.061221.
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An exponential increase in the global population has seriously put pressure on land and water resources. It is projected that 33% of the worldwide people will be highly water-stressed by the 2050s if effective strategies are not developed. The study assessed urban domestic water demand and supply in Edo North senatorial district in Edo State, Nigeria. This is with the view of exploring some critical water resource variables to determine water security, distribution, and accessibility of safe drinking water in Edo North in Edo State in Nigeria. Integrated Water Resource Management Tools (IWRT) such as Water Poverty Index (WPI) and Water Accessibility Indicator (WAI) was applied. The results show that Auchi is highly water-stressed at the Estako-west area with MPI and WAI values of 0.24 and 0.33. Conversely, Okpella and Agenebode in Eskako central have MPI and WAI values 0.34 and 0.31, and 0.31 and 0.32. Sabo Gida Ora and Isobe in Owan East and West have better safe drinking water coverage and accessibility with the indicator values of 0.54, 0.53 [WPI], and 0.61 and 0.59 [WAI]. It is generally observed that the supply of potable water in the Edo North is highly unsecured and unsustainable to meet the current and future demand. Valuable and economic time is wasted to gather water from an average closest distance of 1.3 km from home to some designated water taps. In conclusion, it is imperative to design a robust integrated water policy that should include Private-Public-Partnership (PPP) to invest in the provision of safe drinking water.
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Nitoslawski, Sophie A., Peter N. Duinker e Peter G. Bush. "A review of drivers of tree diversity in suburban areas: Research needs for North American cities". Environmental Reviews 24, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2016): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2016-0027.
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Tree diversity is crucial to urban forest management. More diverse urban forests provide habitat for a wider range of organisms, increase resilience to pests and disease and, in cases where native tree species are well represented, contribute to local biodiversity protection. Studies have shown that tree diversity can peak in the low- to mid-density neighbourhoods found in suburban and peri-urban areas, emphasizing the potential for biodiversity enhancement during and after subdivision development. Most studies quantifying tree species composition in suburban areas focus on one or two major drivers of tree diversity, such as land use, socioeconomics and demographics, or the presence of natural features like parks or greenways. Furthermore, relatively little attention has been paid to the drivers of diversity for the variety of land types that make up the entire urban forest, which represent differences in tree planting and establishment practices, ownership, and maintenance. This paper presents an overview of drivers of tree species composition based on the literature, as well as factors that require further study because they play a role in determining the structure of the (sub)urban forest. These factors are examined in the context of four land types: street, residential property, park, and remnant woodland, and are organized under the following major themes: biophysical characteristics, community design, historical paradigms and influences, municipal management, and demographics and cultures. Based on what is known so far, a research agenda is also presented outlining major gaps in research on urban tree diversity in North America (USA and Canada). The information presented in this paper can thus serve as a guideline to inform urban forest management practices and strategically enhance tree diversity.
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Xiayu, Wang, e Wu wei. "Method for Designing Endogenous Runoff Sponge Green Space in the Riverside – A Case Study of the Green Space on the North bank of Yaojiang River in Ningbo". E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123604020.
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The riverside green space is an important ecologically sensitive area which connecting urban space and the river. The traditional landscape design method to create riverside green space can no longer meet the requirements of the concept of an ecological city. In recent years, the spongy city concept that has emerged in China which has provided new research ideas for the landscape design of riverside green spaces. Based on the characteristics of endogenous runoff type riverside green space, this paper takes the sponge system of the green space on the north bank of the Yaojiang River as the research object, analysed it’s design strategy, and summarizes the design process and method of the sponge system. The purpose is to provide a reference for the design of the sponge system of the endogenous runoff type riverside green space in the future.
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Shehata, Ahmed Mohamed. "Sustainable-Oriented Development for Urban Interface of Historic Centers". Sustainability 15, n.º 3 (3 de fevereiro de 2023): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032792.
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The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) cities’ historic centers have a unique urban fabric regarding land use, physical characteristics, and environmental performance. Several cities within this region are subject to significant development projects based on demolition and replacement. These projects aim to improve the quality of life and enhance the city’s socioeconomic and sustainability. This paper investigates the physical characteristics of the urban interface between the historical centers and the rest of the cities’ urban expansions to ensure a smooth transition between the historic urban fabric and the rest of the city’s urban fabric. The research objective was fulfilled by developing a framework to classify urban fabric types based on their physical characteristics. Jeddah city was selected as a case study. Six growth phases of the city were identified. Based on this classification, urban fabric samples representing these phases were selected. These urban samples’ physical characteristics were analyzed. Results identified in urban fabric characteristics between the historic center and the other identified urban fabrics within the city, especially the demolished deteriorated surrounding urban areas. Urban features for under-development urban areas were concluded. Design guidelines were suggested for historical centers to achieve homogeneous integrated, sustainable, livable urban areas.