Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Non oxyde ceramic"
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Schlienger, Sébastien. "Nouvelles voies de synthèses de carbones et céramiques non-oxydes à porosités contrôlées". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MULH5991.
Texto completo da fonteNanoporous materials (meso-and / or micro-porous) target applications in relation to the adsorption phenomena such as catalysis, waste removal, gas or energy storage.... Recently, various types of syntheses have been developed to control the porosity and adapted to applications: direct route synthesis, nanocasting process, reactive templating. For most of them, they are used for the preparation of meso-and micro-porous oxide materials. The objective of this thesis was therefore to extend these methods to a wider range of materials in chemical composition, while keeping control of the porosity. Indeed, the porous oxides have a limited scope because, for example, their maximum operating temperature, their fragility under certain atmospheres or in some cases, their adsorption properties, are unsuitable. To reduce these limitations, we searched to extend the range of chemical composition of porous materials in the non-oxide field (carbon, nitride ceramics,...) while controlling their porosity. For this, different approaches were used. The first approach consisted to study formation mechanism of mesostructured carbon materials obtained directly by the self-assembly of a surfactant and a polymer carbon precursor. We were then able to determine the relevant parameters to control syntheses reproducibility taking place both in aqueous phase and by solvent evaporation. Analogies with the formation mechanisms of siliceous materials have been identified. With a better understanding of the formation mechanisms, we declined in a second time this method of direct synthesis to other materials by varying the nature of the precursors. Thus, a "green" synthesis of a carbonaceous material with ordered mesoporosity was developed in the absence of all toxic reagents such as formaldehyde and phenol, by using a natural precursor, the mimosa tannin. [...]
Ben, Miled Marwan. "Synthèse in situ de nanoparticules métalliques dans une matrice céramique dérivées de polymères précéramiques pour l'électrolyse de l'eau en milieu alcalin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0083.
Texto completo da fonteGlobal warming caused by human activity and the use of fossil fuels, urges the need to find new sources of carbon free energy. Dihydrogen (H2) more known as “hydrogen” is rapidly emerging as a technically viable and benign energy vector according to its ability to produce a higher density of combustion than fossil fuels and to produce only water as a waste product when used in a fuel cell. Moreover, its use generates no noise pollution, unlike the combustion engines currently in use. Nevertheless, it requires a very high degree of purity in order to avoid pollution of the catalytic materials contained in the cells. Nowadays, nearly 95% of the hydrogen produced is obtained by catalytic reforming of methane, and therefore requires purification processes that are often complex and costly. One way of avoiding these purification steps would be to produce hydrogen directly by electrolysis of water more known as water splitting. This process consists of separating a molecule of water under the action of an electric current (produced in a renewable way) to produce hydrogen and dioxygen (O2) at the electrodes of an electrolyser. Unfortunately, this reaction has kinetic limitations due to a very complex Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) mechanism, including several electrons and several reaction intermediates. The emergence of new anion exchange membrane technologies has paved the way for the use of electrolysis in alkaline media, thus allowing the use of non-noble transition metals as catalysts, which are less expensive than the metals traditionally used (Ir and Ru). Within this context, this PhD thesis has explored the synthesis of catalytic materials to reduce the energy and kinetic barriers of OER. In order to propose materials that are performant, stable over time and resistant to the aggressive environments imposed by the electrolysis of water in an alkaline medium, the polymer-derived ceramics (PDC) route has been selected as a synthesis method of choice. The interest of this method is to implement organosilicon polymers (here a polysilazane) serving as a molecular platform for the growth of non-noble metals via the use of metal complexes such as chlorides and acetylacetonates of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) or cobalt (Co). This polymer modified by these metals serves as a precursor for the in situ formation of metal nanoparticles in a porous matrix based on the elements silicon (Si), carbon (C), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) allowing their accessibility and stability after heat treatment at 500 ° C under argon. This manuscript illustrated through five chapters describes works dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of Ni (chapter 3), Ni-Fe (chapter 4) and medium and high entropy alloys (chapter 5) nanoparticles which complete a state of the art (chapter 1) and a description of the materials and methods implemented during this thesis (chapter 2). The materials which have been prepared were studied at each stage of their synthesis through the implementation of complementary characterization tools before assessing their electrochemical performances; in particular by measuring the anodic overpotential during OER, in order to determine the best metal combinations. Post mortem tests were carried out to evaluate the potential of the prepared materials. Considering the simplicity of the synthesis route, and the low cost of reactants used, this work leads to a new family of materials and to several promising perspectives, not only for the development of efficient and stable catalysts for the OER but more generally for numerous applications in electrochemistry. These opportunities are now being addressed
Tao, Ming. "Proprietes electriques du joint de grains de la ceramique a base d'oxyde de zinc : application aux varistances basse-tension". Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30249.
Texto completo da fonteSeron, Alain. "Synthèse ß'-SiAlON par hydrogéno réduction nitrurante : application à l'élaboration de films sur des composites thermostructuraux". Orléans, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ORLE2035.
Texto completo da fonteGasse, Adrien. "Rôle des interfaces dans le brasage non réactif du SiC par les siliciures de Co et de Cu". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0114.
Texto completo da fonteFayeulle, Dominique. "Elaboration et étude de révêtements céramiques à sous-couche d'accrochage cellulaire pour la protection chimique et thermique de composants de turbomachines". Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0149.
Texto completo da fonteHassine, Nabile. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of non-oxide ceramic powders". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240494.
Texto completo da fonteBras, François. "Étude et modélisation de l'endommagement des composites stratifiés SIC-SIC : exploitation d'essais statiques et de type Hopkinson". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0012.
Texto completo da fonteAshley, Nicholas J. "Defect Properties of Binary Non-Oxide Ceramics". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520879.
Texto completo da fonteMansour, Rabih. "Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Properties of Oxide and Non-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1494248628194216.
Texto completo da fonteLaarz, Eric. "Colloidal Processing of Non-Oxide Ceramic Powders in Aqueous Medium". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3043.
Texto completo da fonteRocabois, Philippe. "Stabilité thermochimique des composites céramiques base SiC : approche thermodynamique et expérimentale du système Si-O-C-N". Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0085.
Texto completo da fonteGasser, Alain. "Sur la modélisation et l'identification du comportement mécanique des composites céramique-céramique à température ambiante". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0024.
Texto completo da fonteMellul, Sylvie. "Contribution a l'etude de l'interface cu-al : :(2)o::(3) par microscopie electronique en transmission et micro analyse x". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066415.
Texto completo da fonteOurak, Mohamed. "Génération d'ondes élastiques de surface focalisées et applications au contrôle non destructif des céramiques". Valenciennes, 1985. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/08205281-2eb2-4571-a6c1-9b61b8e5992e.
Texto completo da fonteSilvestroni, Laura <1981>. "Development and characterization of non-oxide ceramic composites for mechanical and tribological applications". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2045/1/Silvestroni_Laura_tesi.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSilvestroni, Laura <1981>. "Development and characterization of non-oxide ceramic composites for mechanical and tribological applications". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2045/.
Texto completo da fonteDeü, Jean-François. "Rupture des composites stratifiés sous chargement dynamique : apport des méso-modèles avec endommagement retardé". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0012.
Texto completo da fonteDescamps, Michel. "Le Coulage en bande et ses applications. Influence des caractéristiques granulaires des poudres céramiques sur les propriétés des bandes". Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a11c962c-8384-4282-a070-bba98c0d7a5d.
Texto completo da fonteIenny, Patrick. "Fluage de ceramiques obtenues par frittage-reaction : relations avec la microstructure". Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0402.
Texto completo da fonteChareyre, Laetitia. "Développement de nouvelles membranes céramiques et hybrides de non oxydes pour la séparation de l'hydrogène". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0024/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe development of an efficient hydrogen separation/purification method represents a tremendous requirement to enhance the production yields of future energy systems. Indeed, the reforming process commonly used for hydrogen production leads to a complex gas mixture at high temperature (beyond 523 K) that limits the H2 use in various applications. The elaboration of highly hydrogen selective membranes appears to be a determining step to expand hydrogen production. Silica-based membranes have been largely studied to respond this problematics. In spite of their excellent performances, they could only be competitive from an industrial point of view after improvement of their low resistance to water vapor at high temperature (lixiviation). Previous works completed at IEM have demonstrated the good performances of “SiZrCN” membranes in terms of permeance and permselectivity. Based on these results, we developed new non-oxide membranes in the quaternary system “SiZCN”. The incorporation of Zr aimed to enhance the temperature resistance of the membranes and then their selectivity. This thesis project was divided into three major tasks : the first one has consisted in the synthesis of a molecular precursor containing the Si, Zr, C, N elements ; the second one was focused on the preparation by PECVD of dense non-oxide membranes and the last one was meant to evaluate the performances of these membranes in gas separation. A single source molecular precursor was successfully obtained in the system “SiZrCN” usable for PECVD. Thin films were thus deposited over various supports to obtain defect free membranes presenting a He permeance of 1,7.10-7 mol.m-2.s-1.Pa-1 and a (estimated) He/N2 ideal selectivity of 1300 at T = 423 K and Delta p = 1.105 Pa
Durif, Charlotte. "Elaboration de membranes non-oxydes de type SiBC pour la maîtrise de la contamination dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT179/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work has been focused on the development of ceramic membranes for the filtration of colloids resulting from corrosion in the primary loop of PWR. SiBC ceramics were synthesized by the preceramic polymers route from a polyborocarbosilane (PBC) obtained from allylhydridopolycarbosilane. Single-dispersed PMMA beads with a size of 1.5 and 0.3 μm were prepared to be used as a porogen agent to lead to a controlled porosity of the selective layer. 3D micro-cellular objects with a circular shape were developed by uni-axial pressing with the addition of commercial PMMA beads to serve as a macroporous support. A crystallinity study at high temperature (> 1000 ° C) was carried out showing its influence on the stability of the material. The selective layer was prepared by dip-coating from various slurry formulations containing PBC and the prepared PMMA beads. The chemical and physical stability of the microcellular supports was studied by ageing tests in a simulated primary water chemistry. The filtration resistance was tested by means of tests on a filtration device connected to a laboratory loop which simulates the conditions of the PWRs
Faulmann, Christophe. "Conducteurs derives de metaux de transition : complexes moleculaires, polymeres, oxydes de cuivre". Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30160.
Texto completo da fonteViard, Antoine. "Structure, élaboration, propriétés et modification de surface de fibres creuses non-oxydes à partir de polymères pré-céramiques pour des applications membranaires". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT243.
Texto completo da fonteNew ceramic materials have progressively emerged during the last century and continuously drew attention for diverse applications. This comes from the numerous and various properties they can exhibit. A great advantage of this type of materials is their mechanical, thermal and chemical stabilities, that makes ceramics of great interest for applications in harsh environments. This trend is especially perceptible in the field of membranes. In fact, despite their moderate cost, polymer membranes, which are mostly used, are very sensitive to the environment in which they are used and require to be replaced regularly. This justifies the search for alternatives and for more resistant materials like ceramics. Various shaping are possible to build a membrane, but among these, shapings in form of tubes have aroused particular enthusiasm because of their advantages in terms of surface/volume ratio and of lower mass transport resistance. Most of used and commercialized ceramics are based on oxide chemical compositions. This constitutes a drawback concerning the aging of the membranes and their stability at very high temperatures. Another type of ceramics, non oxide silicon based ceramics, exhibits very interesting properties which could eventually palliate these problems. In general, such materials are produced through the PDC route (Polymer Derived Ceramic route), especially because of the impossibility to proceed by more conventional methods for many of them. The principle of this bottom-up method is to synthesize preceramic polymers which can be converted into ceramics through an appropriate heat treatment. This enables a very good control of the chemical structure of the final ceramics and so a great versatility. Among these materials, the quaternary system Si-B-C-N has aroused big interest because of its extraordinary thermostructural properties coupled to chemical inertness. Thus, the present work has been focused on the preparation and application of this ceramic. Another advantage of the PDC route can be found in the possible shaping arising from the polymeric nature of the precursors. This method has been widely used for the production of thin ceramic fibers by using the melt-spinning process. The main objective of this thesis is the design of SiBCN ceramic hollow fibers and capillaries based on this shaping method. The aim is the preparation of very stable membrane supports at relatively low costs compared to conventional processes used to shape ceramic materials, often involving a sintering treatment at a very high temperature. These supports could be used in gas separation and water treatment applications. More precisely, chapter 1 presents a state of the art and allows to give the context and the motivations of this work. Chapter 2 discusses on the synthesis techniques and on the used methods. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the production of SiBCN ceramic hollow fibers by studying in details the precursors chemical structure used for this purpose before investigating its ceramic conversion and the evolution of the microstructure of the resulting ceramic. Chapter 4 is dealing with the production of SiBCN ceramic capillaries. The precursor used is characterized as well as the resulting ceramic. The last chapter gives some perspectives by proposing different methods of surface modifications of the hollow fibers and the capillaries presented in chapters 3 and 4
Masson, Isabelle. "Détermination des propriétés mécaniques en fluage a haute température et étude des microstructures de déformation de céramiques a base de nitrure d'aluminium". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL136N.
Texto completo da fonteBerger, Jana. "Herstellung und Anwendung periodischer Mikrostrukturen auf nichtmetallischen Materialien mittels geformter Laserstrahlung". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-233559.
Texto completo da fonteViers, Lucas. "Approche des mécanismes de frittage non conventionnel et des propriétés spectroscopiques de céramiques transparentes dopées holmium pour des lasers émettant dans le moyen infrarouge". Thesis, Limoges, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LIMO0012.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the development of transparent ceramics for high power laser applications in the mid-infrared for the medical field and gas detection. The studied compound is lutetium oxide Lu2O3, which exhibits better thermomechanical properties than YAG. The luminescence ion is the Ho3+ ion, with main light emission around 2.1 μm. Lu2O3:Ho ceramic powders are produced by the chemical route of co-precipitation, from commercial oxide powders judiciously chosen for their purity. A calcination study is carried out to determine the best thermal conditions in order to have powders with the most homogeneous particle size, and therefore good sinterability. A study of the effect of the ionic radius of a co-dopant (Sc3+, Y3+, Gd3+) is also carried out, using dilatometric analyzes under vacuum and SPS. A study of the mechanisms of densification by Spark Plasma is performed on a nanoscale powder by using two approaches of the creep equation during pressure-assisted sintering. Knowledge of the evolution of these mechanisms during heat treatment allows the best adaptation of the application of temperature and stress profiles in future tests, thus allowing laser quality samples to be obtained. These transparent samples are studied with transmission measurements and then in photoluminescence spectroscopy in order to highlight the different electronic transitions and possible relaxations at high doping rates. The data obtained for Lu2O3:Ho are compared to YAG:Ho, the current reference material. In parallel, laser gain measurements were performed on YAG: Ho ceramics
Le, Lay Luc. "Mise en forme et etude de filaments supraconducteurs a base de phases de chevrel". Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN10126.
Texto completo da fonte