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1
Priestley, Rebecca Katherine. "Nuclear New Zealand: New Zealand's nuclear and radiation history to 1987". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5007.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
New Zealand has a paradoxical relationship with nuclear science. We are as proud of Ernest Rutherford, known as the father of nuclear science, as of our nuclear-free status. Early enthusiasm for radium and X-rays in the first half of the twentieth century and euphoria in the 1950s about the discovery of uranium in a West Coast road cutting was countered by outrage at French nuclear testing in the Pacific and protests against visits from American nuclear-powered warships.
New Zealand today has a strong nuclear-free identity – a result of the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act of 1987 that prohibited nuclear weapons and nuclear warships in the country’s land, air and water – that can be traced back to the first protests against nuclear weapons in the 1940s. This thesis is based on the supposition that the “nuclear-free New Zealand” narrative is so strong and such a part of the national identity that it has largely eclipsed another story, the pre-1980s story of “nuclear New Zealand”. New Zealand’s early embracing of and enthusiasm for nuclear science and technology needs to be introduced into our national story. This thesis aims to discover and reveal that history: from the young New Zealand physicists seconded to work on the Manhattan Project; to the plans for a heavy water plant at Wairakei; prospecting for uranium on the West Coast of the South Island; plans for a nuclear power station on the Kaipara Harbour; and the thousands of scientists and medical professionals who have worked with nuclear technology. Put together, they provide a narrative history of nuclear New Zealand.
Between the “anti-nuclear” voices, already well told in many histories of nuclear-free New Zealand, and the “pro-nuclear” voices revealed in this thesis, options were considered and decisions made. This thesis shows that the people with decision-making power tended to make practical decisions based on economics and national interest when it came to deciding whether or not to adopt a certain piece of nuclear technology or whether or not to participate in projects or ventures with international agencies. This eventually led to a nuclear-free policy – focused on weapons, nuclear-powered ships and waste – that since the legislation was enacted in 1987 has been interpreted ever more widely by politicians and the public to include nuclear power, uranium prospecting and many other applications of nuclear technology.
2
Green, Valerie Joyce. "Tupulaga Tokelau in New Zealand (the Tokelau younger generation in New Zealand)". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9928380.
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Tokelauans initiated a contemporary migration from their relatively remote Pacific atolls to New Zealand around 1960 and this population movement was assisted by government resettlement schemes. The broad objectives of the ethnographic research contributing to this thesis were to study the historical context of this small-scale voluntary migration, the establishment and social organisation of culturally distinguished urban communities in North Island centres, and post-resettlement outcomes experienced by migrant and descent populations. Each of the two studies incorporated in the thesis is primarily concerned with tūpulaga ‘the younger generation’ in the New Zealand Tokelau population. One is community-based and focused on the social interactions of generation cohorts of tūpulaga and tupuna ‘elders’, the formal community associations and the national association of affiliated tūpulaga groups. The other is concerned with bunches of “detached” tūpulaga geographically scattered throughout the country, the people without voices when research includes only the migrants in urban enclaves. Background considerations include overviews of theoretical approaches to studying the population phenomenon of migration; relevant aspects of Tokelau history and the movement of Pacific peoples; New Zealand as the receiving country and continuously changing social context for Tokelau communities, and a conceptual framework derived from features of complex adaptive systems theories that was helpful in considering aspects of the contemporary migration and its outcomes. Tūpulaga leaders, through the association of affiliated groups known as the Mafutaga, revived the pre-eminent cultural principle maopoopo ‘gathered together and unified’, promoted a vision of ‘Tokelau ways in New Zealand’ and supported tūpulaga “becoming Tokelau in New Zealand” as residents of urban communities. Over a number of years, Mafutaga officials led the expansion of tūpulaga inter-community sports meetings into a four-day national gathering of Tokelauans now celebrated as an unequivocal expression of Tokelau culture in New Zealand, and guided the established urban communities through a transition from migrant to cultural communities without usurping the political roles of esteemed elders. The second study shows that intergenerational issues were pivotal or contributory in most tūpulaga decisions to “detach” from community networks and activities. “Detachment” is categorised as transient (a provisional, not necessarily long-term status), tacit (a restorative withdrawal, with subsequent reattachment) or diuternal (a considered choice and enduring status).Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
3
Nicholson, Heather Halcrow. "The New Zealand Greywackes: A study of geological concepts in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/90.
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This thesis traces changes in geological concepts associated with the New Zealand greywackes. Since mineralogists adopted the German mining term 'grauwacke' in the 1780s to refer to a type of old, hard, grey, muddy sandstone, both the name and the rock have caused confusion and controversy. English geologists in the 1830s used the term 'grauwacke' as a rock name and a formation name for their most ancient rocks. The English abandoned the name, but 'greywacke' remained useful in Scotland and began to be used in New Zealand in the 1890s. New Zealanders still refer to the association of semi-metamorphosed greywacke sandstones, argillites, minor lavas, cherts and limestone constituting the North Island ranges and the Southern Alps as 'the greywackes'. With the South Island schists, the greywackes make up 27% of the surface of the New Zealand landmass. They supply much of our road metal, but otherwise have little economic importance. Work on these basement rocks has rarely exceeded 10% of geological research in New Zealand.Leading geologists of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries competed to construct stratigraphical models for New Zealand where the greywackes were usually classified as of Paleozoic age. Controversy was generated by insufficient data, field mistakes, wrong fossil identifications, attachment to ruling theories and the inability of European-based conventional stratigraphical methodologies to deal with these Carboniferous to Jurassic rocks formed in a very different and unsuspected geological environment. After 1945, growth of the universities, increased Geological Survey activity, and the acquisition of more reliable data led to fresh explanatory ideas about geosynclines, turbidity currents, depositional facies, low-grade metamorphism, and structural geology. New interest in the greywackes resulted in the accumulation of additional knowledge about their paleontology, petrography, sedimentology and structure. Much of this geological data is stored in visual materials including maps, photographs, and diagrams and these are essential today for the interpretation and transfer of information.The development of plate tectonic theory and the accompanying terrane concept in the seventies and eighties permitted real progress in understanding the oceanic origin of greywackes within submarine accretionary prisms and their transport to the New Zealand region. In the last half century comparatively little geological controversy about the greywackes has taken place because of the acquisition of quantities of data, technological improvements, and the use of a dependable theory of the Earth's crust. Scientific controversy takes place when data and/or background theory is inadequate.
4
Murray, Georgina. "New Zealand corporate capitalism". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2038.
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This thesis describes the process of concentration and centralisation of the top New Zealand corporate class fraction at three levels - the corporate agent, the corporate agency and the corporate structure. These three different perspectives are seen, first, at the level of the empirical evidence of concentration and centralisation over time, and second, at the level of theoretical explanation and lastly, at the level of the sociology of knowledge, that is, how the theories themselves locate within economic cycles. The two empirical bases of this study are the survey of the top thirty companies directors and the top thirty companies networks of.1966, 1976 and 1986. A centrality analysis used on the latter three data sources, found that at the peak of the longwave (1966) when accumulation was high within the protected New Zealand economy, there were few corporate interlocks, suggesting that centralisation (the destruction of already formed capitals) was not a problem. But by the economic downturn (1986) corporate interlocks had proliferated reflecting the insecure nature of the corporate economy in crisis. The main conclusions drawn from the survey and the centralisation data sources positively corroborate the Marxist thesis that the corporate class fraction (as agents of capitalism) are in a free market economy as much directive as reactive to the state, that banks operate at direct and indirect levels of intervention on this class fraction and that there is some evidence of corporate class cohesion.
5
Anderson, Vivienne, e n/a. "The experiences of international and New Zealand women in New Zealand higher education". University of Otago. Faculty of Education, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090812.101334.
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This thesis reports on an ethnographic research project that explored the experiences and perspectives of a group of women in New Zealand higher education, including international and New Zealand students and partners of international students. The study had two aims. The first was to disrupt the inattention to gender and to students' partners and families in New Zealand international education research and policy. The second was to problematise Eurocentric assumptions of (predominantly Asian) international students' 'cultural difference', and of New Zealanders' homogenised sameness.
The theoretical framework for the study was informed by a range of conceptual tools, including feminist, critical theory, post-structural, and postcolonial perspectives. In drawing on feminist perspectives, the study was driven by a concern with acknowledging the importance and value of women's lives, looking for women where they are absent from policy and analysis, and attending to the mechanisms through which some women's lives are rendered invisible in internationalised higher education. In considering these mechanisms and women's lives in relation to them the study also drew on post-structural notions of discourse, power, and agency. It explored how dominant discourses in internationalised higher education reveal and reproduce historically-grounded relations of power that are intentionally or unintentionally performed, subverted and/or resisted by women and those they encounter. Using Young's (1990, 2000) approach to critical theory, the study also considered alternative ways of constructing internationalised higher education that were suggested in women's accounts.
As a critical feminist ethnography the study was shaped by my theoretical framework (above), critical literature on heterogeneous social groups, and feminist concerns with relationship, reciprocity and power in the research process. Fieldwork took place during 2005 and 2006 and involved two aspects: the establishment and maintenance of an intercultural group for women associated with a higher education institution, and 28 interviews with 20 women over two years. Interviewees were recruited through the group and included eight international students, nine New Zealand students and three women partners of international students.
Study findings challenged the assumption that international and local students are distinct and oppositional groups. They also highlighted the importance of recognising the legitimate presence of international students' partners and accompanying family members at all levels in higher education. International and New Zealand women alike found the intercultural group a useful source of social and practical support and information, and a point of access to other sources of support and information. Women reflected on moving between many different kinds of living and learning contexts, highlighting the importance of: clear processes and pathways for accessing information and practical support when experiencing transition; teaching that is engaging, effective, and responsive; and opportunities to develop connections with other people both on and off campus. Rather than revealing clear patterns of difference or sameness across women, the study highlighted the importance of policy, research, teaching and support practices that are open and responsive to women's actual viewpoints and needs, and that neither re-entrench difference nor assume sameness.
6
Barnes, Felicity. "New Zealand's London : the metropolis and New Zealand's culture, 1890-1940 /". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3344.
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The role of London in forming New Zealand’s culture and identity is a significant feature of New Zealand’s cultural history that has, until now, been overlooked. Ties with London and with ‘Home’ generally, have received little study, and ‘Britishness’ in New Zealand is largely considered a legacy of demography to be eventually outgrown. This thesis suggests something different. During the period 1890-1940, technology changed cultural perceptions of time and space, and it changed the relationship between metropole and former colony too. These technologies drew New Zealand and London closer together. London was constructed as an active part of the New Zealand cultural landscape, rather than as a nostalgic remnant of a predominantly British-born settler population. London was New Zealand’s metropolis too, with consequences for the way New Zealand culture was shaped. This thesis considers the cultural impact of London using four tropes linked to those changing perceptions of time and space. ‘Greater New Zealand’ is concerned with space, whilst ‘“New” New Zealand’ is concerned with time. ‘London’s Farm’ and the ‘Imaginative Hinterland’ consider propinquity and simultaneity respectively. Each theme draws from different bases of evidence in order to suggest London’s broad impact. Collectively, they argue for a shift away from a core and periphery relationship, towards one better described as a city and hinterland relationship. This approach draws upon existing national, imperial, and cultural historiography, whilst at the same time questioning some of their conventions and conceptions. New Zealand as hinterland challenges the conceptual borders of ‘national history’, exploring the transnational nature of cultural formations that otherwise have been considered as autochthonous New Zealand (or for that matter, British) developments. At the same time, whilst hinterlands may exist as part of empire, they are not necessarily products of it. Nor are they necessarily formed in opposition to the metropole, even though alterity is often used to explain colonial relationships. ‘New Zealand’s London’ is, instead a reciprocal creation. Its shared cultural landscape is specific, but at the same time, it offers an alternative means for understanding other white settler colonies. Like New Zealand, their cultural histories may be more complex cultural constructions than national or imperial stories allow.Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
7
Doughty, Alice Marie. "10Be Cosmogenic Exposure Ages of Late Pleistocene Moraines Near the Maryburn Gap of the Pukani Basin, New Zealand". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DoughtyAM2008.pdf.
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Lindsey, David 1969. "Conscience voting In New Zealand". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6835.
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In New Zealand, political colleagues agreeing to disagree during legislative voting is called conscience voting. It is applied to some of the most contentious issues to come before parliament, and the legislation that results often has far-reaching implications on all citizens. This combination of contention and disagreement within a party has, over time, resulted in a parliamentary voting procedure with identifiable causes, patterns and protocols. Although conscience voting is rooted in the Westminster style of parliament and also exists in other countries, New Zealand has developed its own style that reflects the uniqueness of its culture and the hybrid nature of its political system. This thesis unpacks the concept of conscience voting by investigating its role in New Zealand's parliamentary democracy: how and why it developed, the reasons it is used, the procedural framework within which it exists in New Zealand, and the specific issues faced by both parties and politicians when confronted with conscience matters. In a departure from most previous studies on this subject that have analysed the patterns of conscience votes themselves, this thesis is an exploration of conscience voting as a parliamentary concept. In particular, it does not view conscience voting as a series of unrelated events but as the result of a mechanism that has become institutionalised - formally and informally - after long practice. Conscience voting became increasingly common after World War Two, and the expectations of MPs that intra-party dissent would be handled with a conscience vote grew along with it. Despite constituting just 5% of all bills, by the 1980s the expectations surrounding the practice had grown sufficiently powerful that, as a concept, conscience voting had taken on a life of its own. Parties no longer solely determined whether a conscience vote would be held. Remarkably, the conventions and protocols that govern conscience voting are largely unwritten, with their understanding being passed from one set of parliamentarians to the next through a process of enculturation. Untangling this process and its implications is the purpose of this thesis.
9
Heesch, Svenja, e n/a. "Endophytic phaeophyceae from New Zealand". University of Otago. Department of Botany, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060901.141241.
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The aims of this study were to find endophytic brown algae in marine macroalgae from New Zealand, isolate them into culture and identify them using morphological as well as molecular markers, to study the prevalence of pigmented endophytes in a representative host-endophyte relationship, and to reveal the ultrastructure of the interface between the obligate parasite Herpodiscus durvillaeae (LINDAUER) SOUTH and its host Durvillaea antarctica (CHAMISSO) HARRIOT.
Three species of pigmented endophytic Phaeophyceae were isolated from New Zealand macrophytes. They were distinguished based on morphological characters in culture, in combination with their distribution among different host species and symptoms associated with the infection of hosts. ITS1 nrDNA sequences confirmed the identity of two of the species as Laminariocolax macrocystis (PETERS) PETERS in BURKHARDT & PETERS and Microspongium tenuissimum (HAUCK) PETERS. A new genus and species, Xiphophorocolax aotearoae gen. et sp. ined., is suggested for the third group of endophytic Phaeophyceae. Three genetic varieties of L. macrocystis as well as two varieties each of M. tenuissimum and X. aotearoae were present among the isolates. L. macrocystis and X. aotearoae constitute new records for the marine flora of the New Zealand archipelago, on genus and species level. The red algal endophyte Mikrosyphar pachymeniae LINDAUER previously described from New Zealand is possibly synonymous with Microspongium tenuissimum.
The prevalence of infection by Laminariocolax macrocystis was investigated in three populations of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Otago coast. Two of the populations situated inside and at the entrance of Otago Harbour showed high infection rates (average between 95 and 100%), while an offshore population was less infected (average of 35%).
The phylogenetic affinities of the parasitic brown alga Herpodiscus durvillaeae, an obligate endophyte of Durvillaea antarctica (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) in New Zealand, were investigated. Analyses combined nuclear encoded ribosomal and plastid encoded RuBisCO genes. Results from parsimony, distance and likelihood methods suggest a placement of this species within the order Sphacelariales. Even though H. durvillaeae shows a reduced morphology, molecular data were supported by two morphological features characteristic for the Sphacelariales: the putative presence of apical cells and the transistory blackening of the cell wall with 'Eau de Javelle'.
Ultrastructural sections showed evidence for a symplastic contact between the cells of the parasite H. durvillaeae and its host D. antarctica. Within the host cortex, parasite cells attack the fields of plasmodesmata connecting host cells. In these areas, parasite cells squeeze between the host cells and form secondary plasmodesmata connecting the primary plasmodesmata of the host cells with the cytoplasma of the parasite cell.
Moreover, despite being described as lacking pigments, H. durvillaeae possesses a rbcL gene, and its plastids show red autofluorescence in UV light, suggesting the presence of a possibly reduced, but functional photosynthetic apparatus. Vestigial walls between developing spores in the 'secondary unilocular sporangia' of H. durvillaeae confirm the identity of these sporangia as plurilocular gametangia, derived from reduced gametophytes which were entirely transformed into gametangia.
10
Parnell, Winsome R., e n/a. "Food security in New Zealand". University of Otago. Department of Human Nutrition, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070426.162526.
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There was growing concern in New Zealand in the 1990�s that Food Security: access by all people at all times to enough food for an active healthy life, was not being achieved, despite an abundant food supply. A study of a convenience sample of 40 families with children (58 adults and 92 children) whose sole income was a government welfare benefit was undertaken. Two-thirds of these households regularly relied on a limited variety of food; one-half did not have a sufficient amount of food because of lack of money and outstanding debts. Over the previous year two-thirds had sourced food from a food bank and one-third had been gifted food from friends or relatives. Women�s intakes were compromised regularly but not children�s. All of the women experienced worry about feeding their household. One-fifth were overweight and over 40% obese despite low reported daily energy intakes (median (SE) 5.7 (0.5) MJ) compared to national data. Six repeated 24-hour diet recalls collected randomly over a two-week period enabled calculation of usual daily intake and the prevalence of inadequate intake for eight micronutrients which were disturbingly high. The children�s growth patterns compared favourably with US population percentiles.
The National Nutrition Survey (NNS97) allowed the adaption of eight questions--developed by Reid using qualitative methods--to eight indicator statements about food security to be addressed by each participant on behalf of them or their household. Prevalence was significantly higher (p<0.05) for females compared to males for the majority of indicator statements among New Zealand European and Others (NZEO) and Maori. NZEO reported the most food security; Pacific people reported the least and Maori fell between the two. There was a significant increasing linear trend of food security with age (p<0.001) after adjusting for gender.
Rasch analysis was performed on 1868 households where participants reported some food insecurity. The responses were ranked according to the proportion and ordering of their positive responses to eight indices of food security, achieving reliability (Cronbach�s Alpha) close to the conventionally accepted level of 0.7. The eight indices were ranked on the same scale; the minimum score -1.66 was achieved by the index �use special food grants/banks� (the index least reported and most severe) and the maximum score 1.86 was achieved by the index �variety of foods eaten limited� (the index most reported and least severe).
Categories of food security were assigned using scale cut points: �fully/almost fully food secure�; �moderate food security�; �low food security�. Category status was associated with consumption of recommended number of daily serves of fruit, vegetables, fruits and vegetables, consumption of leaner meats, fatty meats and daily serves of bread. By ANOVA and controlling for sex, ethnicity, Index of Deprivation, urban/rural location, age, level of education, income, and household size, category of household food security was associated with the level of daily intake of total fat, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, glucose, fructose, lactose, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin C. Dietary data were from the primary 24-hour diet recall of respondents. Participants in the fully/almost fully food secure category of households had a mean BMI of 28.7 compared to those moderately secure (29.2) and of low food security (29.5) (p=0.015 for difference among categories).
In the Children�s Nutrition Survey 2002 (CNS02) data set, the same eight indices were used and food insecurity was experienced significantly more often by children in the largest households, those in the most deprived areas of residence (NZDep01 Quintile) and those of Pacific and Maori ethnicity compared to NZEO children. Rasch analysis was performed on responses for 1561 households with children which reported some food insecurity. Subject reliability was close to 0.7 (the conventionally acceptable level). The distribution of the eight indices on the Rasch scale was similar to that observed among the NNS97 households and almost identical to the sub-set of households with children, from that dataset. Categories of food security status were assigned as in the NN5S97 and they predicted daily nutrient intake levels of children: total sugars, lactose, vitamm A, β-carotene, vitamin B12 and calcium. A more rigorous assigning of categories at the low/moderate scale cut-off, resulted in a further association with level of intake of glucose, fructose and folate. Mean BMI across categories of food security did not differ.
Collectively these data provide unequivocal evidence that food insecurity exists in New Zealand, that it can be quantified and associated with nutrition outcomes. It has a negative impact on the nutrient intakes of both adults and children and a negative impact on the body weight status of adults.
These data have implications for nutrition and health professionals and policy makers in New Zealand. They also add to the world-wide body of knowledge of the experience of, and the measurement and predictive potential of food security in populations where the food supply appears plentiful.
11
Asaad, Eman. "Housing and health (New Zealand)". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3061791.
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A belief based on a personal experience that asthma incidence in New Zealand is interrelated with the indoor environment, led the author to establish the study between asthma and housing. A considerable period of time was spent first on studying the roots of the two issues, asthma and New Zealand housing. The historical experience showed that health and housing problems at the national level in the 19 th century in England were solved by state interference. The architectural background of this study created a need to cover some medical knowledge to understand the causes, symptoms and cure of asthma, if any. This knowledge was crucial while monitoring houses, designing the questionnaire, and analysing results. Two stages of monitoring were achieved in 2000 and 2001. In addition to the monitoring, there was an attempt to find out as much information as possible about any issues related to the health conditions, especially the respiratory disorders, and the houses. The study of housing included building construction, house dust mite allergen levels in the carpet, building drawings, and other issues in preparation for the next stage of analysis. The overwhelming quantity of information gathered about the 30 houses investigated in 2000 was so confusing that no statistical software package was seen as a perfect way for analysing it. It was decided then to establish comparisons between each factor investigated and asthma presence. Also, in most of the cases, the correlation between more than one factor with asthma rates was examined. The investigation of the relations between many issues and asthma showed that there were links between asthma incidence and some indoor conditions of houses. Raised timber floors, which were found in most of the houses to be un-insulated, and in all the cases to be on unprotected ground, were found to have a strong relation with asthma incidence. In these houses, it was found that high asthma incidence was related to a higher level of moisture indoors. Asthma incidence in houses having old carpet, moulds, pets, or smokers indoors was higher than asthma incidence in houses without these. Old houses were found to have more asthma incidence than new houses. All the allergen levels in the carpets were extremely high and they were all above the allergen levels induced by house dust mites that can provoke asthma in susceptible individuals. Based on the knowledge gained about the defective factors in housing affecting asthma, upgrading of the houses was designed. A house was chosen to be upgraded in three stages, each stage providing a different level of insulation. The upgrading costs were compared with the current national costs of health and heating to see what level of upgrading would be logical and cost-effective. National costs and savings were estimated in four cases each with different level of insulation. It was decided at the final stage of the study that insulating ceilings and floors in addition to other basic upgrading factors would provide savings in health and heating costs and would result in less CO2 emissions to the atmosphere of New Zealand.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Pearce, Geof. "Where is New Zealand going?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1024.
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Marxism is often criticised for its 'outdated economics' which wrongly downplays the state's role in modern social life. This study uses readily available official statistics to test the validity of this critique. Although simple accounting principles are used, factory production data for 1923-70 is rigorously and systematically re-aggregated to approximate constant (fixed and circulating) and variable capital, manufacturers' surplus-value, capital composition, and rates of accumulation, exploitation and profit. A separate volume details all statistical operations and tabulates results. Capital accumulation is used to fix the curve of capitalist development and the interrelations between valueratios are used to explain the curve's shape. Conventional theories are also called on to explain trends in national income and factory production input/output series. Main conclusions drawn are that (1) marxism is empirically well-corroborated and (2) no consistent correlation holds between state intervention and economic growth. Marxian hypotheses concerning proletarianisation, economic concentration, class struggle, etc. are also tested systematically against New Zealand data and confirmed. In this light, and as rival theories of superior verisimilitude are absent, the criticism mentioned is rejected as unwarranted. Most NZ marxian analyses focus on superstructures, lacking objective bases for problem-formulation and solution, this study offers such a basis.
13
Chow, Yuen Kong. "Corporate divestment in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accounting and Information Systems, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2716.
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The propensity of corporate executives and strategists to restructure their companies has
intensified in recent years. Although a substantial literature, mainly overseas, has
addressed the motives and economic consequences of mergers and acquisitions,
comparatively little research has been directed towards corporate divestment activity,
particularly in the Australasian region. This research investigates the motives for
divestment, and some major factors influencing divestment decision-making of New
Zealand listed companies. It highlights the importance of divestment as an integral aspect
of corporate restructuring processes.
An inter-disciplinary model of divestment has been developed and explored in this study.
Three different but inter-related perspectives - industrial organisation economics;
corporate strategy; and finance - capture the various dimensions of divestment activity
hitherto unexplored in a single study.
This study relied on mail survey questionnaire as a data collection method. The senior
executives of leading companies listed on the New Zealand Stock Exchange were asked to
indicate the relative importance of the divestment motives and factors affecting their
companies I divestment activities for the past five financial years. Non-parametric
statistical methods were employed to test the research hypotheses.
The research results offer strong support for the conceptual model of divestment. This
confirms the notion that selected environmental, organisational, and performance factors
have significant influences on a firm I s motives for divestment, which in turn determines
the corresponding divestment strategy formulation and implementation adopted by firms.
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McManus, Sonia Therese. "Organisational resilience in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1574.
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Organisations maintain our economy; they provide jobs, goods, services and a sense of community. The
increasingly globalised nature of the modern world has lead to organisations facing threats that often are not
recognise until the threat becomes a crisis. It is impossible for organisations, regardless of size, location or financial
strength, to identify all possible hazards and their consequences; let alone plan for them. Therefore, the concept of
increasing organisational resilience is gaining momentum.
However, the term resilience has been used with abandon across a wide range of academic disciplines and in a great
many situations. There is little consensus regarding what resilience is, what it means for organisations and, more
importantly, how they may achieve greater resilience in the face of increasing threats.
This study investigates 10 organisations from a range of industry sectors, sizes, localities and types within the New
Zealand context to discover what are the common issues that foster or create barriers to increased resilience.
Organisational resilience is defined in this study as a function of the overall situation awareness, keystone
vulnerabilities and adaptive capacity of an organisation in a complex, dynamic and interrelated environment. A
multiple case-study method has been used, and a facilitated 5-Step process for assessing and increasing resilience
has been developed in conjunction with these organisations. Data was collected in the form of interviews, survey
and participant observations in workshop environments. A set of 15 resilience indicators have been identified, and
the organisations have been ranked according to their overall resilience relative to the other organisations in this
study.
Future work is likely to include further quantification of the methodology and the resilience indicators, resilience
maturity models and work on understanding resilient leadership, communication of resilience concepts and
international case studies to further determine the range of resilience for organisations.
15
Harding, Jon S. "Lotic ecoregions of New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4754.
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A lotic ecoregion classification for New Zealand was developed based on six macro-environmental variables; vegetative cover, bedrock geology, soils, relief, rainfall normals, and Meteorological Service Climatic Regions. South Island maps of these variables were merged, and a new composite ecoregion map generated using a GIS. Twenty-five ecoregions are proposed, 13 in the North Island and 12 in the South Island. The water chemistry and benthic invertebrate assemblages of 100 small headwater streams within 10 of the South Island ecoregions were investigated to test the validity of my proposed ecoregions. Most ecoregions could be recognised by characteristic assemblages of invertebrates. The "pristine" forested ecoregions of Westland, North-west Nelson, North-east Nelson, and the South-east Forest had high taxonomic diversity, numerous endemic species, and faunas dominated by mayflies and stoneflies. In contrast, the anthropogenically modified pastoral ecoregions of the East Coast Plains, Central Otago, and the Southland Plains had streams with very similar invertebrate assemblages, low taxonomic diversities and a predominance of molluscs, oligochaetes and dipterans. Streams in these ecoregions could only be distinguished on the basis of differences in the abundances of several common taxa. Water chemistry distinguished between ecoregions less successfully, however, South-east Forest and North-east Nelson streams in particular, were distinctive. Differences in the geology of catchments, in particular the presence or absence of alluvia, mudstone, soft sedimentary rocks and volcanic rocks have important influences on the water chemistry of South Island streams. An investigation undertaken in one ecoregion indicated the need for an ecoregion classification to take account of variations in land use. Thus, both invertebrate assemblages and water chemistry differed in streams draining catchments with four kinds of land use. Native forested streams had the highest taxonomic richness and faunas dominated by mayflies and stoneflies. Streams in exotic forest and scrubland catchments had progressively fewer taxa, particularly mayflies and stoneflies; streams in pastoral land had even fewer taxa, mayflies and stoneflies were rare, and molluscs and oligochaetes predominated. In summary, my ecoregion and land use investigations indicate that three macro-environmental factors; biogeographical events, climatic conditions, and vegetative cover/land use, are of primary importance in determining invertebrate assemblage structure and regional differences in the biotas of small, South Island streams.
16
Stewart, Michael. "Biotoxins from New Zealand shellfish". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8607.
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New Zealand experienced its first recognised outbreak of shellfish poisoning around Northland in early 1993. The poisoning symdrome was characterised as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) from the observed symptoms. The major causative toxins were isolated and characterised by the Japanese research groups of Professor Ishida (University of Shizuoka) and Professor Yasumoto (Tohoku University). The toxins were identified as brevetoxin B derivatives.
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) was suspected as responsible for further poisoning around this area. Yessotoxin (YTX), a suspect DSP toxin, was isolated as part of this research and is the first reported instance of YTX in New Zealand.
A stereochemical study was carried out on a desulfated YTX derivative. The results suggested anomalies in the reported conformation of YTX. Attempted synthesis of haptens of YTX for development of an ELISA is outlined in this thesis.
Another incident of shellfish contamination occurred around Foveaux Strait in early 1994. The toxicity was characterised by NSP symptoms in mice. The causative toxin, gymnodimine, was first reported by a Japanese research group, although independent parallel structure elucidation was carried out as part of this research.
The absolute stereochemistry of gymnodimine was solved by X-ray analysis of a synthetically modified derivative. Gymnodimine haptens were prepared for development of an ELISA. A chromatography based assay has been developed for the specific detection of gymnodimine in shellfish and alga. This work was modified from the extremely efficient isolation procedure for gymnodimine developed as part of this research.
17
Jennings, Peter. "New Zealand defence policy under Labour". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/113894.
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It is now two and a half years since the United States suspended military co-operation with the Armed Forces of New Zealand (AFNZ) following the Labour Government's refusal to
grant port-access to the USS Buchanan in January 1985. In this thesis I propose to study the
consequences of the breakdown for the AFNZ with a view to establishing exactly what areas of
co-operation have been affected and the significance this has for the professionalism and
capability of the Services. Thus far, very few public studies have been made of the direct military
costs of the ANZUS rift. Most attention has been focused on the state of political relations
between the ANZUS powers. It is however, impossible to make a fully informed judgement about the
merits of the Government's present defence policy of developing closer relations with Australia in
the context of what it claims is a more self-reliant defence posture without some
understanding of the problems that policy seeks to remedy. Accordingly, I hope to
present that necessary background, and from this point will go on to discuss the extent to which
the Government's defence policy addresses itself to the problems generated by the rift with the
United States.
18
Bach, Petra. "Garnet-bearing andesites: a case study from Northland, New Zealand". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29765948.
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Ryan, Greg. ""The Originals" : the 1888-89 New Zealand native football team in Britain, Australia and New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of History, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4666.
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This thesis operates on two levels. Firstly, it is an account
of the ongInS, composition and experiences of the
predominantly Maori New Zealand Native football team in
Britain, Australia and New Zealand during 1888-89. Secondly,
it uses the main themes and incidents of the tour as a basis to
examine some aspects of the interaction between race, class,
imperialism and sport during the late nineteenth century -
both within Britain and in her colonies. Patterns emerge which
question existing interpretations as to the diffusion and
strength of an elite British ethos which linked sport to higher
social and political ideals and to the maintenance of imperial
objectives.
The thesis IS divided into SIX chapters. The first two trace
the composition of the team, motives for the tour and initial
responses to it in New Zealand. The wider focus is on a set of
colonial aspirations which saw the tour as having an important
bearing, positive or otherwise, on British perception of the
fledgling New Zealand colony. Points are also raised
concermng the relationship between Maori and European in this
process. Chapters three, four and five, covering the tour of
Britain, are primarily based around a dichotomy between elite
and working class interests which is revealed in contrasting responses to a predominantly Maori team and to its behaviour
both on and off the sports field. An assessment is made of the
suspect motives of those who controlled and financed the tour,
and comparisons are also made with the 1868 Aboriginal
cricket team to Britain. The final chapter and Conclusion
challenge standard interpretations of the Native team and
consider its wider value as an indicator of new perspectives
on the study of sports history.
Research is based very largely on newspaper sources. More
than seventy publications, both metropolitan and provincial,
have been consulted in Britain, Australia and New Zealand.
20
Billot, Kenneth Gordon. "Understanding brand within New Zealand franchises". Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365199.
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Franchising is asserted to be the world’s fastest growing form of retailing. Similar growth is evidenced in Australia and New Zealand. Australia is described as the franchising capital of the world and New Zealand is credited with the highest proportion of franchise systems per capita.
Brands are recognised as one of an organisation’s most important assets, as evidenced by the contribution of brands to the intangible asset valuation on the sale of companies. In the New Zealand context it has been asserted that it is impossible to over-emphasise the importance of the brand in franchising.
This research is conducted at the nexus of brand and franchising and responds to a research problem in which the instantiated importance of brands to New Zealand franchising is contrasted with the dearth, and possibly absence, of independent research to inform how brands are understood and in which ways this understanding is created and maintained within New Zealand franchises.
To address the research problem, an initial research question was expressed and then collapsed into four central research questions which were examined through a review of extant literature. Franchising was addressed etymologically and historically, before assessing the contribution that the three dominant causality theories, (capital scarcity, resource constraint and agency theory) could make to inform the central research questions. Brand was also elaborated from etymological and historical perspectives. It was concluded that the brand component of brand identity best addressed the central research questions which focus on brand within New Zealand franchises and the brand identity prism (Kapferer, 2004) was selected as a template against which brand understanding could be informed and assessed. To determine how this brand understanding is created and maintained, a theory of knowledge creation initiated by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) was employed.
Examining such an under-researched aspect of franchising resulted in this research being assessed as exploratory which resulted in the adoption of a largely qualitative methodological approach. The qualitative approach responds to the nature of the research questions, the interpretive community with which the researcher identifies and the incompatibility of existing theory with the central research questions. In this qualitative methodology, authenticity was supported by the qualitative referents of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. These referents were thoroughly and specifically operationalised within the research to increase the credibility of its findings.
The qualitative referents conditioned data collection, which was facilitated through case-based research in which a sequentially-selected sample of three franchise cases was purposively drawn from a population estimated at 350. Within these cases, three distinct cohorts represented the stratified structure of a franchise. Cohort Fo represented the franchisor stratum, cohort Fe the franchisee stratum and cohort ESOFe that of the customer-contact employee and single-operator franchisee. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants in each franchise case. The participants were purposively selected to represent the three cohorts. The data thus collected were complemented and triangulated using document analysis.
Data analysis was engaged at three levels of intensity. Classical content analysis was used to code portions of text and these codes were quantitised and presented as coding effects matrices. This provided a visual and arithmetical assessment of the degree to which the research questions were informed by employing two manifest effects, termed occupancy and shading density. The second level of analysis used Key-Words-In-Context (KWIC), while the third used narrative analysis. Data analysis was completed for individual cases, prior to cross-case analysis.
The findings from the cross-case analysis were that:
• The franchise brand is voiced as important to the success of each of the three franchises researched and each of the three cohorts in each franchise.
• The understanding of brand was more naïve than complex and degraded progressively from cohort Fo to cohort Fe to cohort ESOFe.
• The franchise brand was managed more as a static entity than the dynamic, evolving entity that extant literature describes. Brand change was episodic rather than continuous.
• Heterogeneity of brand understanding was evidenced more than homogeneity, both within and between cohorts. There was limited homogeneity in the expression of the brand essence, which is held to represent the enduring core of the brand.
• Articulation and communication processes relating to the franchise brand were found to be stratified, hierarchical, uni-directional and didactic more than representing an active dialogue between internal stakeholders.
• The physique facet of the brand was found to be carefully specified and legally protected on franchise initiation. Subsequent brand management was focused on compliance to that specification, to the partial exclusion of other aspects of brand identity management.
These six findings led to the expression of an emergent micro-level theory, that proposes that there is a tension, between the typically stratified, hierarchical structure of a franchise, which is exacerbated by the focus of franchisor management on explicit brand knowledge, and the dynamic, evolutionary and context-dependent structure of the brand construct in which tacit knowledge predominates explicit knowledge.
The findings in the cross-case analysis were extrapolated to wider populations, resulting in the expression of nine propositions relating to brand in NZ franchises, in all franchises and in all organisations. These propositions supported the statement of the above micro-level theory at a meso-level, referring to all NZ franchises.
The research was concluded to make a number of valuable contributions to theory and management practice. These contributions included extending and informing the current
debate on the nature of brand and its importance within franchising, at a time of economic stress in which the franchise brand is considered to be a major contributor to franchise strength and survival. The research adds to a research base at the nexus of brand and franchising that was possibly initiated by Pitt, Napoli and van der Merwe (2002), extending it to the New Zealand context, which is under-supplied with independent research on franchising. In supporting praxis the research provides franchise management with a theoretically-supported, 4-step, cyclical process to improve brand understanding.
This emergent research also identifies a multitude of future research directions, particularly in refining the method of assessing brand understanding by using theoretically-supported meta-matrices to test the stated meso-level theory, either quantitatively or qualitatively, to determine if franchise organisations exhibit a more sophisticated and homogeneous understanding of brand than non-franchise organisations.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School, Department of Marketing
Griffith Business School
Full Text
21
McGovern, Kerry. "Governance reform of New Zealand's state sector 1984-1994 : a case study /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19186.pdf.
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Hector, Christopher James. "Wage Structures and Employment Outcomes in New Zealand, and Their Relationship to Technological Change". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2663.
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After 100 years at an historically low level, inequality began to rise in the late 20th century, a trend which was especially marked in the English-speaking countries including New Zealand. Various explanations have been advanced, but internationally the most favoured theory is skill-biased technological change, driven by the new information and communication technologies. This thesis used income and wage data from the New Zealand Population Census and the New Zealand Income Survey to examine wage trends between 1991 and 2004. As in other developed countries wage dispersion was increasing in the 1990s, though it appears to have slowed since 2001, and the increased inequality is strongly correlated with workers' skills and qualifications. There is also a correlation between new technology and earnings inequality, but this appears to be attributable to the demand for skills in the industries which are changing fastest, rather than anything intrinsic to the new technology.
23
Joe, Damen. "Mapping the self-portrait navigating identity and autobiography in visual art : this thesis is submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts (Art and Design) in the year 2005 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2005. http://repositoryaut.lconz.ac.nz/theses/1341/.
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Thesis (MA--Art and Design) -- AUT University, 2005.Cover title. Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (xxii, 85 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm.) in City Campus Collection (T 707 JOE)
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Conger, Elizabeth Clare. "Alienation theory and its relationship to contemporary Arte Povera practice : confrontation and contemplation : this exigesis [sic] is submited [sic] in partial fulfillment of the Master of Art and Design, Auckland University of Technology, 2007 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/233.
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Cipriano, Frank Walter. "Behavior and occurrence patterns, feeding ecology, and life history of dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) off Kaikoura, New Zealand". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186097.
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My dissertation research focused on the behavior, movement patterns, and foraging ecology of dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) off the east coast of New Zealand's South Island. Information on growth, morphometrics, parasites and life history was also collected. Movement patterns and foraging behavior of New Zealand dusky dolphins were much different from those of dusky dolphins observed off the Argentine coast by Bernd Wursig, the only other study of dusky dolphin behavior. Unlike the Argentine dolphins, which cooperatively herd anchovy to the surface and contain them there for feeding, New Zealand dusky dolphins behave and forage more like Hawaiian spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris). In summer and fall, New Zealand dusky dolphins remain near shore in morning and early afternoon hours, then move into deeper water with greatly increased activity levels in late afternoon. In winter and spring they remain farther from shore at all times of day, are found in somewhat larger groups, and appear to travel along shore more often than in other seasons. In summer, dive times of radio-tagged dolphins also varied on a daily cycle, most long dives occurring during crepuscular and night periods. Stomach contents of incidentally-netted and beachcast dolphins contained primarily a demersal fish and a few types of mesopelagic fishes and squid. Acoustic surveys along the east coast of South Island show a dense layer of mesopelagic fishes and squid that move to within 50-100 m of the surface at night. Like Hawaiian spinners, New Zealand dusky dolphins feed primarily on prey in and associated with the vertically migrating layer, probably as a means of increasing foraging efficiency. External measurements of L. obscurus specimens were analyzed using canonical variate analysis, which revealed measurements useful in discrimination of age/sex classes, including dorsal fin dimensions, and positioning of dorsal fin and flipper insertions. Tooth-section age analysis of specimens allowed construction of growth curves; life span maximum was about 35 years. The very large size of active testes (over 1 kg each) during summer breeding represents a large proportion of total body weight. Along with observations of group composition variability, this suggests a promiscuous mating system and a fluid, extended-group social system.
26
Biju, Cletus Anila. "Drying characteristics of New Zealand Chestnuts". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2268.
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Chestnut is a relatively new nut crop to New Zealand and they do grow well in New Zealand conditions. Research to date in New Zealand indicated that New Zealand chestnuts present some unique features compared to chestnuts world wide. The two main unique problems with New Zealand chestnuts are the susceptibility to fungal disease Phomopsis (accounting for 40% loss of nuts at the wholesale markets) and the difficulty in the removal of the inner skin called the pellicle. No systematic drying trials had been performed on New Zealand chestnuts and therefore this research investigated the drying characteristics of New Zealand chestnuts to establish optimum drying conditions. The study also investigated the influence of the shell and pellicle on the drying process and the efficacy of shell and pellicle removal of New Zealand chestnuts under a range of moisture contents since the moisture content is a key factor which determines this efficiency. The drying trials were carried out at a temperature of 30 C because preliminary studies indicated that higher temperatures resulted in extensive surface deterioration. Experimental drying curves are considered the only adequate preliminary step for determination of drying characteristics of a food material and the curves clearly indicated that there are two distinct falling rate periods. It was concluded that the first falling rate period corresponded to the period during which the surface of the nut reaches equilibrium moisture content and the second falling rate period occurred as the moisture movement from interior of the nut to the surface was the rate limiting factor. Hence a diffusion based model was used to estimate the apparent moisture diffusivity in chestnuts. The average apparent moisture diffusivity in chestnuts obtained at 30 C was 6.21x 10-11m2s-1. The study revealed that the pellicle is the most significant barrier to mass transfer; considerably more so than the shell. The shelling and peeling efficiency of New Zealand chestnuts were carried out at various moisture contents using a custom-made mechanical shelling machine. The mechanical shell removal of New Zealand chestnuts was accomplished with an efficiency of 94% at the desired storage moisture content of 40%. However mechanical pellicle removal of New Zealand chestnuts proved practically impossible although American varieties (Carolina and Revival) exhibited 100% peeling efficiency.
27
Till, Marisa. "Studies of New Zealand Marine Organisms". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2498.
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The chemical study of three New Zealand marine organisms is described, along with a survey of the chemistry and biological activity of eighty-five marine organisms collected from New Zealand waters. The study of the New Zealand marine bryozoan Pterocella vesiculosa has resulted in the isolation of three new compounds; pterocellin H, pterocellin I and 1-methyl-5-bromo-8-methoxy-β-carboline. These compounds were characterised using high resolution mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The biological activity of these compounds was investigated and a discussion of the results including a comparison with the activity of closely related compounds is also presented. The crude extracts of eighty-five marine organisms were surveyed to establish their biological activity and chemical constituents. The results of this study indicated which species had interesting biological activity. The chemical survey allowed geographical and intra-species comparisons of chemical constituents between samples, as well as potentially indicating the presence of known secondary metabolites. For the Pterocella vesiculosa samples the survey methodology clearly illustrated the presence of pterocellins A and B. Two marine organisms were chosen for further investigation based on their biological activity and chemical survey results. Bioactivity directed isolation procedures yielded no new compounds from the organisms. The sterol composition of these species is also presented.
28
Ayers, Kathryn M. S., e n/a. "The dental workforce in New Zealand". University of Otago. School of Dentistry, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090626.142511.
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Each of the seven investigations described in this thesis relate to the dental workforce in New Zealand (NZ). A variety of approaches were used to identify key trends in the NZ dental workforce, with a particular emphasis on comparing dental therapists, dental hygienists and dentists, and determining differences among dentists according to gender and immigrant status.
Nation-wide postal surveys of dentists, dental therapists, and dental hygienists were undertaken to determine the working practices and career satisfaction of each type of oral health professional. A longitudinal analysis of the dentist workforce was then undertaken to describe changes in the NZ dentist workforce over time. An investigation of the job stressors and coping strategies of New Zealand dentists followed. This led to a qualitative study of the experiences of immigrant dentists in NZ, which sought further detail regarding the concerns raised by the Stress Study. The final investigation was a survey of the self-reported occupational health of NZ dentists, which built on from the results of the preceding studies.
There were substantial differences in the working practices of male and female dentists. A greater proportion of female dentists had taken a career break of six weeks or more, usually to care for children. Larger proportions of women worked as employees or practice associates, and worked part-time. Women also planned to retire earlier than male respondents. Men were more active in continuing professional education and had higher career satisfaction.
The career satisfaction of dental therapists and dental hygienists was similar, but dental therapists were much less satisfied with their income, and few felt a valued part of the dental community. Although many dental hygienists had taken substantial career breaks for childrearing, they were shorter than those taken by dental therapists. More therapists than hygienists planed to retire within the next 10 years.
Over the nine-year period from 1997 to 2005, there was a significant increase in the number of women and overseas-trained dentists in the workforce. The proportion of dentists working in small towns decreased, and the percentage working part-time increased. The involvement of dentists in continuing professional development increased during that time.
There was considerable variation in the number of stressors experienced by dentists, with overseas-qualified practitioners reported experiencing more stressors more frequently than did those trained in NZ. There were differences in the strategies used by male and female dentists to manage stress.
Most immigrant dentists had found the dental registration examination process to be difficult and stressful. Uncertainty about the content of the examination and the high costs involved were key factors. Contact with practicing dentists during this time was found to be helpful.
Overall, most dentists had good general health, but physical fitness levels were not ideal. The prevalence of hand dermatoses and musculoskeletal problems was high, with around 60% of dentists experiencing pain or discomfort. Workplace bullying was reported by 20% of dentists, and over 25% had experienced a violent or abusive incident.
There is a need for ongoing monitoring of the workforce, particularly as the gender distribution (and societal trends and expectations) continues to change. Further support systems for immigrant dentists would be beneficial. Female and rural dentists also have unique circumstances and increased risk of professional isolation. Researchers and the professions will watch with interest the changes over the next decade as dual-qualified auxiliaries enter the dental workforce and public dental services are redeveloped.
29
Huang, Li Ting. "Teaching Buddhism in New Zealand universities". Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/779.
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This thesis is an investigation into the university-level teaching of Buddhism in New Zealand, which has developed as part of the international spread of education about Buddhism for both Buddhists and non-Buddhists. The study was based on Interpretivism and accordingly sought to understand and interpret university teachers’ perceptions and experiences about their teaching of Buddhism; as they engage with the students' learning in this field. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were employed as the primary research method. All seven university teachers who teach Buddhism in New Zealand were invited to be the participants. Six university teachers participated in this research-study. Five of them were academic teachers, respectively teaching at Religious Studies of Massey, Victoria and Otago. Another one was a New Zealand-born Zen teacher who had been teaching a Zen meditation workshop at Auckland University of Technology for several years, and taught two Buddhism-related courses at the University of Auckland. These participants were chosen according to the information provided on official websites of New Zealand universities. The findings from the study showed that the university-level teaching of Buddhism in New Zealand, though growing, had been limited by the number of teachers and students. As fewer students were primarily interested in Buddhism, outward funding support appeared to be a very important factor for its future development. In terms of teachers’ role, objective-outsider remained the main position for scholars and scholar-practitioners in teaching Buddhism in university classroom. In addition to the pursuit of knowledge, there were also alternative educational opportunities, such as Zen workshop, for university staffs and students to learn Buddhism, outside university classroom. This thesis is significant in that it provided a bibliography and a set of data for the university-level teaching of Buddhism in the West, particularly New Zealand It established a space for future educational research into for the university-level teaching of Buddhism in the West, as part of the field of’ Buddhism and Education.’ In future studies, the limited approaches to teaching Buddhism in universities could be investigated on the basis of the literatures and findings of this study.
30
Miller, Forrest. "Intent in New Zealand competition policy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29450.pdf.
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Najib, Roya. "Women on New Zealand corporate boards". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accountancy, Finance and Information Systems, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/877.
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Replicating and extending Singh and Vinnicombe (2006), the primary problems addressed in this research are: What factors influence women's attainment of corporate directorships? And what are the proportions of female executive and non-executive directors and CEOs in New Zealand? Executive directors are company employees who attain board directorships via progressing through CEO and other top management roles; therefore, this study included an investigation of the proportion of women in executive and non-executive director and CEO roles in New Zealand companies. To understand women's non-progression to corporate boards, 11 male and female directors were interviewed. Contrary to international research findings, the majority of interviewees in this study emphasised the importance of networks in attaining corporate directorships in New Zealand. Explanations for women's under-representation on corporate boards included lack of networks, family commitments, pipeline theory, lack of aspiration for power, career choices, risk adversity, male organisational culture, discrimination and women's unsuitability for director roles. Archival analysis indicated that of a total of 1366 corporate directors, women constituted 88 (6.44%) directorships. Women held 64 non-executive (4.69% of total directorships), 23 executive (1.68% of total directorships) and one alternate directorship. The findings indicated that there were only five women CEOs and only five out of a total of 240 New Zealand corporate boards achieved gender equality. Social identity theory was used to provide insight into this change resistant phenomenon.
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Berg, Jo Naerde. "International alliances involving New Zealand companies". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5872.
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This thesis is concerned with international strategic alliances involving New Zealand companies. By Western standards, even the largest New Zealand company is relatively small. New Zealand is also of interest because of its Western culture and close trading relationships with Asia. The research investigates the affect on alliance performance of each of three influences: partner asymmetry; formation of shared objectives; and the role of contracts in alliance management. The methodology involved both a postal survey of 300 major businesses and multi-case study design covering a range of industries. Contrary to other studies, findings here indicate that firms can have positive experiences of partner asymmetries and seek partners on this basis. The process by which alliance objectives are set and the role of management contracts geared to these objectives are also shown to have an influence of alliance performance.
33
Toner, Julia Rose. "Marketing Plan for Cardno New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7450.
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This document provides an overview of a marketing project for Cardno Christchurch carried out by Julia Toner, a student of The Master of Engineering Management Course at the University of Canterbury. This project involved initial company research; a review of national releases, research papers, and journal articles to establish current market trends and opportunities; and interviews with clients and industry representatives to ascertain Cardno’s current position. The purpose of this project is to provide Cardno Christchurch with a concise and relevant market needs analysis and marketing plan. These documents will direct Cardno management in marketing activities that will achieve brand recognition and strategic growth.
34
Ngu, Chu Kang. "Ignition Properties of New Zealand Timber". University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8283.
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This project investigated the ignition properties of New Zealand Timbers and timber products. The ignition test on the wood was according to the British Standard BS 476: Part 13, 1987 using ISO ignitability apparatus. The ignition time for each sample was recorded and correlated by seven correlations. These seven correlations are:
1) Mikkola and Wichman
2) Tewarson
3) Quintiere and Harkleroad
4) Janssens
5) Toal, Silcock and Shields
6) Delichatsios, Panagiotou and Kiley
7) Spearpoint and Quintiere
Six types of wood, Macrocarpa, Beech, Rimu, Radiata Pine, Plywood and medium density fiberboard (mdf) were tested at constant heat flux lower than 40 kW/m² until ignition did not occur within 20 minutes. Each type of wood was tested at two different thicknesses, 20 mm and 40 mm. The repeatability and reproducibility were also determined.
It was found that the results such as critical heat flux, thermal inertia, ignition temperature, Thermal Response Parameter (TRP), Flux Time Product (FTP) and so on were different from one correlation to another. It is hard to say which one is the best technique in estimating the ignition properties ofNew Zealand wood, but one can get an idea of which methods will give higher or lower results. Another words: the tendency of each method to under-predict or over-predict the results. Both the 20-mm and 40-mm wood behaved as thermally thick (some thermally intermediate) solids and they have very close values of minimum heat flux and critical heat flux.
35
Irwin, K. D. J. "Domestic Fire Hazard in New Zealand". University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8341.
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This report presents features of domestic fires within New Zealand over the period 1986 to 1994 inclusive.
It consists of an analysis of the New Zealand Fire Incident Reporting System (FIRS) that the Fire Service completes for every incident it responds to. Areas investigated are the area of fire origin, equipment involved in ignition, form of heat of ignition, type of material first ignited, form of material first ignited, and the ignition factor or cause.
Features of the casualties such as their location at the time of injury, activity at time of injury, day of week injured, time of day injured, and age of those injured have been investigated.
A literature search of socio-economic features that affect the incidence of domestic fires and the effectiveness of smoke alarms is included.
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Nicholas, Gillian M. "Studies in New Zealand natural products". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biochemistry, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6092.
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Two terrestrial organisms were explored for biologically active and/or novel components.
The genus Paeonia has long been know to contain numerous components that display a vast array of biological activities. The extract of P. lutea showed significant antiviral activity. Using bioassay-guided separation techniques three previously known compounds, paeonol (11), paeoniflorigenone (10) and methyl gallate (16), were identified using mass spectrometry and NMR techniques. These components showed varying biological activities and constituted the majority of the bioactivity in P. lutea.
The chemistry of the New Zealand fungus Favolaschia calocera had not previously been investigated. A crude extract showed significant cytotoxicity against the P388 cell line and through bioassay-directed chromatography, 9-methoxystrobilurin L (33) was isolated as a novel cytotoxic compound. The structure was determined by MS and NMR techniques including HMBC, HMQC, COSY and nOe enhancements.
Two closely related novel compounds were also characterised from the F. calocera extract. These were methyl-4,6-(E,E)-3-benzoyl-7-phenylheptadienoate (35) and the corresponding free carboxylic acid (36). Neither were found to have significant biological activity in the assays screened.
A mixture of triglycerides (34) was also isolated and was analysed using NMR techniques followed by transesterification and GCMS analysis of the corresponding methyl esters.
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Hindle, Benjamin D. "Studies in New Zealand natural products". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7073.
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The roots of a species of New Zealand native flax, Phonnium tenax and a commercial herbal preparation of the root were examined for novel or biologically active compounds.
The species Phormium tenax has been examined chemically in the past and has yielded a number of novel and biologically active compounds. Missing from this body of work was an investigation into an aqueous extract of the roots of the plant. The commercial herbal preparation, "Fluid of Flax, Manaaki Huia" was such an extract and from this three novel aromatic glycosides were isolated.
The herbal preparation was found to contain one biologically active compound, 1- 0-[β- glucopyranosyl-(16)-O-β-xylopyranosyl]-4-hydroxymusizin. The structure was identified by mass spectrometry and NMR techniques which included HMBC, HSQC, ID TOCSY and nOe enhancements.
Two related glycosides, 1- 0-[β- glucopyranosyl-(16)-O-6-deoxy-β-mannopyranosyl]-4-hydroxymusizin and 1- 0-[β- glucopyranosyl-(16)-O-6-deoxy-β-mannopyranosyl]-musizin were isolated from a methanol extract directly from the roots of Phormium tenax. Both of these compounds were present as minor components in the herbal preparation. Neither of these glycosides showed any significant bioactivity in the in-house bioassays available.
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Darroch, Stephen Francis. "Intelligence-Led Policing in New Zealand". Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367652.
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The innovation life cycle within police organisations is poorly understood. This is despite 30 years of calls for police reform and numerous efforts to introduce radical innovation. Difficulties are associated with all major reform movements, including community-oriented, problem-oriented and intelligence-led policing (ILP). Significant levels of resistance to change are routinely encountered. We need to know more about the processes and factors associated with strategic innovation and change within police organisations. This thesis analyses the emergence of ILP within the New Zealand Police (NZP). I identify the key organisational, environmental and individual factors associated with the development of ILP; the interactions amongst these factors and their impact on the ILP innovation life cycle.
I interviewed key participants and observers and surveyed police officers at four research sites within the NZP that exemplified high and low levels of ILP innovation. I found that multiple nodes of leadership and individual leaders emerged as critical to initiating and sustaining the innovation life cycle. Managers’ superordinate commitment to crime reduction goals was vital to sustained innovation. Specific management arrangements supported innovation. Transformational leadership and participative and informal management processes stimulated the development of ILP. The effective use of technology, competent technical and social implementation of ILP, and development of innovation-friendly environments were also key factors supporting innovation.
Individual-level factors are central to the emergence of ILP. I found that strong innovation uptake is grounded in high levels of individual officer knowledge of ILP, commitment to ILP and awareness of supervisor’s prioritising of ILP. These features translated into officer willingness to commit discretionary time to ILP and perform ILP behaviours. I also identified interactions between innovation and environmental factors. Healthy relations with local government are associated with innovation, and the adoption of ILP shapes positive officer attitudes to the local environment and weakens the influence of neighbourhood factors on officer behaviour. Strong innovation is associated with officer perception of more manageable demand for police services and less complex and more stable operational environments.
Officer resistance to change was seated in specialist groups and emerged where internal leadership networks of sufficient depth and breadth could not be established. Resistance was also associated with poor change management, weak technical implementation of ILP, and a failure to develop individual officer knowledge of and commitment to ILP.
My study has theoretical implications and identifies key focus areas for policy-makers who want to encourage public sector innovation. The goal setting of managers, multiple nodes of leadership, a concentration on critical factors and achieving key thresholds are especially important for successful innovation. In addition, a superordinate commitment to crime reduction stimulates both the development of ILP and the emergence of continuous innovation. Continuous innovation leads managers to address wider organisational barriers to effective police practice. Furthermore, at strong uptake sites these factors coalesced into a system of innovation focused on crime reduction. Overall, my study shows that despite significant challenges, police organisations can achieve both ILP innovation and continuous innovation.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Buck, Peter Henry. "Medicine amongst the Maoris in ancient and modern times a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine (N.Z.) /". Wellington, N.Z. : New Zealand Electronic Text Centre, 2007. http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-CouNouv.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Zealand, 1910."Abound" is the pseudonym of Sir Peter Buck. Photocopied material. Title from title screen (viewed on 19 June 2009). Creation of machine-readable version: Planman Technologies. Conversion to TEI.2-conformant markup: Planman Technologies. Creation of digital images: Planman Technologies. Originally published in print: University of New Zealand, 1910.
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Macdonald, Kirsten Leigh. "KiwiSaver and Retirement Adequacy". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367519.
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Motivated by a critique of the literature and an examination of the institutional setting, this thesis sheds light on the impact of defined contribution pension plan design on retirement adequacy using the New Zealand system as a case study. In order to enjoy standards of living in retirement similar to pre-retirement, a holistic approach to retirement including the accumulation and decumulation phases must be taken. The largest impact on retirement adequacy, lowering sustainable withdrawal rates and increasing the risk of not living well in retirement, is the level of accumulated wealth at retirement. While contribution rates make a significant difference to the achievement of retirement targets, with skewed income
distributions, asset allocation is by far and away the most important driver of retirement wealth. The critical nature of the asset allocation message in the accumulation phase may not be well understood since large numbers of investors remain in default and conservative investments. Conservative portfolios are more risky when considering shortfall risk, thus, conversations about risk with investors need to be framed in terms of both equity risk and the risk of shortfall.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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McCaw, Caroline. "Identifying the Value of the Local Through Site-Specific Contemporary Art Projects in New Zealand". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367514.
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This research identifies a number of tensions arising from historic and contemporary experiences of living in New Zealand. It engages with creative methodologies that fall within contemporary site-specific and
socially engaged fields of artistic practice to investigate these tensions.
Through writing and participating in three art projects set in Dunedin, New Zealand as case studies, this thesis reflects on ways in which these projects contribute to understandings of a particular experience of the local. Each case has involved specific sites, narratives and mediated experiences. Through undertaking practice-based and practice-led research the thesis argues that these art practices are able to contribute to our understanding of the local through the connections they make between lands, landscapes, sociality and techno-sociality.
The research is predicated on an acceptance of what I have chosen to term a methodological ‘andness’: a neologism coined to highlight the connectivity between different types of information systems as they
operate ecologically and in co-location with landscapes, local cultures, the internet and mobile communication. Throughout the project, metaphors pertaining to land and sea and shore are used to identify and reflect andness as it is experienced when one lives on an unstable island where boundaries are porous and movement between systems is both inevitable and fecund.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
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Bürgelt, Petra Topaz. "Is New Zealand the right choice? the psychological and social factors influencing the decision for German immigrants to New Zealand to stay in New Zealand or to return to Germany /". Connect to this title online, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/261.
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Gagné, Natacha. "Maori identities and visions : politics of everyday life in Auckland, New Zealand". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84994.
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Indigenous peoples around the world have been involved, especially since the 1970s, in nationalist or sovereigntist movements, as well as in struggles for decolonization, self-determination, and recognition of their rights. Maaori of Aotearoa/New Zealand are engaged in just such processes and, particularly since the 1960s and 1970s, as part of the Maaori "cultural renaissance". Since about 70% of Maaori live in urban areas, cities---Auckland in particular---have become important sites of affirmation and struggle. This study, which falls within the field of urban anthropology, is an investigation of what being Maaori today means and how it is experienced, in particular in the city. The sense of place of Maaori living in Auckland and the appropriation of space in the urban context are important dimensions of this study. It explores the complexity of Maaori relationships to the urban milieu, which is often perceived as an alien and colonized site; the ways they create places and spaces for themselves; and the ongoing struggles to (re)affirm Maaori identities and cultural aspects considered important elements of these identities. The focus of this research is on everyday life and "ordinary" Maaori (in contrast to elites). It reveals the significance and importance to Maaori affirmation and resistance of the extended family and certain types of "city houses" which are based on "traditional" marae (Maaori traditional meeting places) principles. In contrast to many studies that have stressed the assimilation pressures of the urban milieu and global forces on indigenous societies, this research underlines processes of (re)affirmation. It shows how indigenous visions, and ways of being are maintained and even strengthened through changes and openness to the larger society. Coming to understand these processes also led to the exploration of Maaori realms of interpretation or figured worlds, the heteroglossic and complex ways people engage in or rel
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Whattam, Scott A. "Evolution of the Northland ophiolite, New Zealand: geochemical, geochronological and palaeomagneticconstraints". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244890.
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Bullock, Owen Fred. "Making Canons and Finding Flowers - A Study of Selected New Zealand Poetry Anthologies". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2255.
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This thesis analyses the poetry contained in anthologies published between the 1940s and 1980s in New Zealand and that of some later anthologies that retrospectively covered the same period. I wanted to find out what subject matter preoccupied poets during these times, to monitor changes in the content of that poetry and to observe what techniques were used and the evolution of styles. Complimentary to the study of the poetry is an evaluation of the intentions of the editors of the anthologies and how much their selections were directed by their tastes and knowledge to form a kind of 'construct', or representation of the publishing of poetry. From my reading, I conjectured that the literary canon with regard to poetry was formed in New Zealand by the mid-1970s, on the strength of publications from Penguin and Oxford University Press. The 1945 and 1960 anthologies by Allen Curnow were extremely influential - particularly the second of these two - and the editors of future anthologies from the larger publishers diverged comparatively little from his choices. Curnow's anthologies are the subject of Chapter One, and in Chapter Two, I look at Vincent O'Sullivan's series of three anthologies for Oxford (1970, 1976 and 1987), which confirmed and expanded that canon. However, from the mid-1960s, and especially in the early 1970s, new trends emerged in New Zealand writing, linked to a consciousness of post-modernist literary theory. Some of the new trends, together with material that supplemented existing perspectives on poetry, are discussed in Chapter Three. The greater degree of acknowledgement of writing by women poets - which began in the late 1960s in smaller literary journals - reached a point where the first anthology of women's poetry, Private Gardens, could be published in 1977. The first major anthology to be edited by a woman appeared five years later. The gradualness of these changes is stressed, however, with regard to women's poetry included in the larger anthologies themselves. A new bias emerged in the late 1970s and 1980s in favour of work from the University presses. Nevertheless, anthologies that presented some alternative point of view on our literary history proliferated at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Taken together, the anthologies Big Smoke and Real Fire form a more holistic picture of what went on in the 1960s and 1970s and are discussed in Chapter Four of this thesis. Concluding remarks focus on the prejudices that appear to have guided the publishing of poetry in New Zealand anthologies, the influence of major poets, and the possibilities for further study of this body of literature.
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Patrick, Rachel, e r. patrick@rmit edu au. "New teachers, professional knowledge and educational reform in New Zealand". Deakin University. School of Education, 2007. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20081022.073150.
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This thesis examines the professional knowledge of new secondary school teachers in New Zealand, their negotiation of multiple discourses encountered in policy and practice, and their processes of professional identity formation. It is also a study of policy reform. In New Zealand, as elsewhere, recent educational and social reforms have brought about major changes to the way education is managed and implemented. These reforms emphasise market ideologies promoting consumer choice and responsibility, while measuring and monitoring quality and effectiveness. At the same time, the reforms attempt to alleviate social inequality. Teachers' negotiation of an accountability culture and the dominant equity policies is a major focus of this study.
The study draws upon group interviews held with nine new teachers during the first two years of their teaching careers. The group interviews were designed to elicit extended narratives from individual teachers, as well as promote more interactive dialogue and reflections within the groups. Because the interviews were conducted at different points in their early careers, the study also has a longitudinal element, allowing insight into how teachers' views are formed or changed during an intense period of professional learning. Analysis of the teachers' narratives is informed by poststructural and feminist understandings of identity and knowledge and by a methodological orientation to writing as a method of enquiry.
The thesis develops three main types of discussion and sets of arguments. The first examines new teachers' negotiation of the 'macro' context of teacher knowledge formation that is, their negotiation of an educational policy environment that juxtaposes an equity agenda with accountability controls. In order to historically situate these dilemmas, the particular political, social and educational context of New Zealand is examined. It is argued that teachers negotiate competing political and conceptual debates about social justice, equity and difference, and that this negotiation is central to the formation of professional knowledge. The analysis illustrates ways in which teachers make sense of equity discourses in educational policy and practice, and the apparent contradictions that arise from placing tight accountability standards on schools and teachers to achieve associated equity goals.
The second type of discussion focuses on teachers' negotiation of the 'micro' dimension of professional knowledge, looking closely at the processes and practices that form professional identity. Against stage or developmental models of teacher identity, it is argued that professional identity is formed in an ongoing, uneven and fluid manner and is socially and discursively situated/embedded. It is further argued that professional knowledge and identity are entwined and that this relationship is most usefully understood through analysis of the discursive practices that frame teachers' working lives and through which teachers work out who they are or should become and what and how they (should) think. This analysis contributes new perspectives to debates in teacher education about teacher preparation and the knowledge required of teachers in current 'new times'.
The final cluster of arguments brings together these macro and micro aspects of professional knowledge and identity with a case study of how new teachers negotiated a recent educational reform of senior secondary school qualifications in New Zealand. This reform has had a significant impact on secondary schools and on the way teachers, and New Zealanders in general, think about education, achievement and
success. It was found that this reform significantly challenged new teachers to question their beliefs about assessment and justice in education, and what counts as success. This case study draws attention to the tensions between equity, academic excellence and standards-based assessment, and contributes to understanding how teacher professional knowledge forms both in the context of a specific educational policy reform and in relation to educational reform in general.
This study contributes new knowledge to the formation of teacher professional knowledge and identity in an educational climate of change in New Zealand. The findings offer new insights for teacher educators, policymakers and schools into how teachers build, shape and sustain professional knowledge; how they juggle contradictions between a desire for justice, policy imperatives and teacher education rhetoric; the self-constructed, but contingent nature of professional knowledge and identity; and the urgency to address identity formation as part of teacher education and to take account of the dynamic ways in which identities form. These matters need to be articulated in teacher education both pre-service and in-service in order to address teacher retention and satisfaction, and teachers' commitment to equity reform in education.
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Lymburn, Janet Marie. "Gastronomic tourism : a valuable new niche in New Zealand tourism? /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arml986.pdf.
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Harris, Nancy May. "Making it new: "Modernism" in B.E. Baughan's New Zealand poetry". Thesis, University of Canterbury. English, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4919.
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This thesis examines one woman's attempt at revolution in New Zealand poetry. It will suggest that we may need to re-assess our perception of Blanche Edith Baughan - as a nascent "modern", rather than a "colonial" poet. The generally accepted view is that significant modern poetry emerged in New Zealand in the nineteen-twenties, and came to full flowering in the nineteen-thirties, and that Blanche Baughan was a "forerunner". She has achieved a modest reputation as an innovator in New Zealand poetry, perhaps as our first "true colonial voice ". This thesis proposes that Baughan was more than simply a "forerunner", that she had in fact, by 1908, introduced many of the changes currently credited to New Zealand poets of the succeeding generation. The title "Making it New" alludes to the catch-cry of Modernist poetry ("Make it New!") as expressed by Ezra Pound. Although Baughan is in no way connected to the Modernist movement, her directive to creative colonials, "Be thou new!" (from "Maui's Fish") has obvious
Parallels.
Two major factors account for the difference between Baughan and her New Zealand literary contemporaries - her mysticism and her freedom from the prevailing "Anglophilia". Baughan was reluctantly English at a time when pro-English sentiment was pervasive in both the life and the literature of the colony. This significant pre-condition of her "modernism" has been barely touched on, and the reasons behind it unrecorded, by literary historians and critics. A short biographical background will account for her attitude and reveal some hitherto unpublished facts.
Baughan considered herself a mystic. Her mysticism, her classical education, her interest in philosophy and in social reform, together gave her a close empathy with the writings of the American Transcendentalists and of Thomas Carlyle. Their influence, which may be traced both in the message, and (occasionally), in the style of her texts, is supported by her possession of personal copies of Carlyle's Sartor Resartus, his On Heroes, Emerson's Essays and Representative Men, and Walt Whitman's Democratic Vistas and Other Papers. The significance of Baughan's transcendentalism - indeed its very existence - has been over-looked by critical comment to date. This thesis views it as a key factor in her empathy with the American Transcendentalists, and flowing from that, it sees in Whitman's "New Worldism" as defined in his "Democratic Vistas", Baughan's main stepping-stone to "modernism".
Accounting for Baughan's markedly different outlook and its effect on the matter and method of her poems required the inclusion in this thesis of four inter-related themes: her biographical past; her mysticism; her education (in the broadest sense, including the influences, particularly of the American Transcendentalists, on her poetic thought); and, finally, her conversion of transcendentalist concepts and precepts to the "modern" elements in her work.
The thesis is organized in two related halves. Part A (chapters one to three), deals with the influences on her work. It includes, as well, an examination, from hindsight, of Baughan's "modernism" in relation to that of the main New Zealand poets of the nineteen-twenties and thirties. Part B (chapters four to eight), consists of an exploratory study of her major poetic texts, the five very long works I have termed "colonial allegories": "ShingleShort",
"A Bush Section", "Maui's Fish", "Burnt Bush" and "The Paddock". In Part B, I will seek out the poems' transcendentalist underpinning, their debunking of "Anglophilia" - and of conservative attitudes in general - and the practical spinoffs of Baughan's emphasis on change and newness at the level of the text. This study is confined to the allegories. Baughan's other works, whether in poetry or prose, are mentioned only where necessary either to illustrate her development or to clarify some point in the thesis.
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Hampton, Linda Edith. "A Community of Mystics: A New Zealand New Agers' Identity, Relationship with the Community and Connection with the Divine". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Philosophy and Religious Studies, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1825.
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The 'New Age' encompasses many spiritualities, philosophies and alternative religions, such as Spiritualism, Wicca, Paganism and Theosophy, to name a few. Its cultural and ancestral threads, prior to the emergence of the contemporary New Age Movement in the early 1970s, is acknowledged by examining some prominent groups and individuals throughout history.
Many comments on the New Age Movement, in the 1970s, 80s and 90s were dismissive. Through a survey done in 2007 amongst New Agers, for this thesis, those early judgements are examined to determine their relationship to the New Zealand experience. There was found to be divergence from international analysis where New Agers' age was concerned, their presumed connection to the 1960s counterculture, the assumptions that the New Age Movement is exclusively white, that science is a necessary part of belief and that New Age beliefs exist in opposition to cummunity needs.
The focus is on the New Agers' within community, not their separation from it, for separation is a claim some overseas academics promoted as proof that the New Age is anti-community because of its individualism in belief seeking. Through this thesis the New Zealand New Ager is placed in relationship to the global New Age Movement by an academic who is 'of' the movement, not an academic 'outside looking in'.
The experience of belief is looked at through the survey participants' eyes with the aim of claiming those experiences as 'mysticism'. This is approached by examining their 'contact' with the Divine/Godhead,through descriptions of altered/abstract realities. Any exclusivity the major religions have on mysticism is essentially 'removed' and given to the community as a concept attainable by those outside 'religion'; for example, the New Age Movement. The New Ager is seen both in the everydaty reality helping to create community, and although it is impossible to prove/examine coherantly, possibly in an altered/abstract reality/realities.
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White, Jill Fredryce. "The commodification of caring : a search for understanding of the impact of the New Zealand health reforms on nursing practice and the nursing profession : a journey of the heart /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw5822.pdf.
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