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1
DE SOYRES, F. "Economic aspects of new cartographic products". International Journal of Remote Sensing 10, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1989): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168908903876.
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Stejskal, V. "A new concept of economic injury level that includes penalization of damage to quality and safety of agricultural products". Plant Protection Science 37, No. 4 (1 de janeiro de 2001): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8380-pps.
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The traditional model of Economic Injury Level (EIL) does not allow to directly incorporate aspects of damage to quality and safety of a product (Dq) into the decision-making process to control a pest (pathogen, weed, arthropod, vertebrate). This work now attempts to generalize a concept of EIL by (i) separating damages to quality and safety (i.e. Dq and EILq) from quantitative (i.e. Dw and EILw) types of damage (D) in the traditional EIL-equation, and (ii) by establishing a new way of estimation of EILq based on the penalization of quality and/or safety damage. The importance to distinguish between the terms EIL, EILw and EILq is discussed, and a calculation of the new index (Z), enabling the comparison of the relative economic importance of qualitative and quantitative damage caused by a particular level of pest infestation or disease severity, is proposed.
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Шипкова, Елена, E. Shipkova, Наталья Борисова, Natalya Borisova, Александр Борисов e Alyeksandr Borisov. "REGIONAL ASPECTS OF INNOVATION". Russian Journal of Management 4, n.º 3 (2 de novembro de 2016): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21951.
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Innovative processes, innovative projects in the current conditions of economic entities of the economy are an effective means of competition for leadership positions in the market economy and a focus on the creation of new needs, increasing profitability of products, investment.
The work area is presented as a social, ecological and economic system. We consider innovation indicators of the Orenburg region. The problems of innovative development of the region. It presents the characteristics of innovation management at the regional level.
The study of the regional aspects of innovation activity in the region is an attempt to develop a mechanism of innovation development of regional socio-ecological-economic system, which will allow for a continuous process of interaction between all the elements of the system and to ensure the achievement of the business entities of strategic guidelines for regional development.
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Куценко, Екатерина, Ekaterina Kutsenko, О. Солдаткина e O. Soldatkina. "Regional aspects of innovative activity". Russian Journal of Management 4, n.º 3 (2 de novembro de 2016): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21964.
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Innovative processes, innovative projects in the current conditions of economic entities of the economy are an effective means of competition for leadership positions in the market economy and a focus on the creation of new needs, increasing profitability of products, investment.
The work area is presented as a social, ecological and economic system. We consider innovation indicators of the Orenburg region. The problems of innovative development of the region. It presents the characteristics of innovation management at the regional level.
The study of the regional aspects of innovation activity in the region is an attempt to develop a mechanism of innovation development of regional socio-ecological-economic system, which will allow for a continuous process of interaction between all the elements of the system and to ensure the achievement of the business entities of strategic guidelines for regional development.
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Sharma, Manju. "New Biology towards Socio-economic Progress". Journal of Palaeosciences 50, n.º (1-3) (31 de dezembro de 2001): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2001.1820.
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Prof. Birbal Sahni, the founder Director of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany paved the way for systematic developments in this field from botanical and geological aspects. Palaeobotany is the study of ancient life. The Indian sub-continent is bestowed with enormous biodiversity and richness of biological resources. The grave consequence of loss of biological diversity has to be understood on scientific basis. The global biological heritage, both for the present and for the future will have a proven influence on the potential of constructing a sustainable agriculture and forestry system which will produce useful products for the sustenance of human life. The work in new biology and the advent of biotechnology and genetic engineering have given a large number of fundamentals, innovations, tools and techniques. The scientists can produce crops with desired traits, enhance the food productivity and nutritional status of the crops, produce new vaccines and diagnostics, develop packages for environmental restoration and protection of biodiversity. The future advances in new biology offer enormous potential both for economic and societal development.
Keywords- Biology, Technology, Genome, Biodiversity, Protein.
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Kolesnikova, Julia S., e Soheib Boudjenah. "Digitalization and Migration: Aspects of Interaction". Social’naya politika i sociologiya 20, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2021-20-3-16-23.
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Digitalization has radically changed and penetrated various economic sectors, completely changing the traditional foundations of the global labor market. Changes in information and communications technology have triggered a wave of new processes and products, driving competition and productivity gains, leading to the emergence of digital work platforms – a new way of organizing work and business. In turn, these trends have influenced the migration processes in the world, and this article is aimed at studying aspects of the reorganization of labor migration within the framework of this transformation. Based on the data of economic modeling, it was determined that the greatest statistically significant effect is exerted by variables in activity in the Internet space, the development of a mobile network, the development of social networks, and digital work platforms that provide access to income as a result of digital labor are also significant.
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Ilic-Stojanovic, Snezana, e Sinisa Djordjevic. "Intellectual property protection of pharmaceutical products and processes". Chemical Industry 57, n.º 3 (2003): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0303126i.
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The role of intellectual property is significantly increasing within new international economic and commercial relationships. Intellectual capital is being increasingly recognised as one of the most important domains belonging to the greatest and the most powerful world companies. Intellectual property protection is a complex category and it comprises legal, technical and economical-financial aspects.
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Havryliuk, S., L. Melko, G. Uvarova, V. Karyuk e I. Mihus. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL OF INNOVATIVE TOURIST PRODUCT IN UKRAINE: FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS". Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, n.º 36 (17 de fevereiro de 2021): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.227769.
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The article presents a scientific discussion on trends and prospects for product innovation in the tourism business. The main objective of the study is to substantiate the nature and role of innovative tourism products in improving the efficiency of economic and product activities of tourism enterprises, the need for their implementation in tourism at its present stage in Ukraine. Analysis of literature sources and existing approaches to solving the problem of implementation of innovative products by tourism enterprises allowed us to formulate conceptual tools in this area, taking into account industry specifics, to characterize the types of product innovations of tourism enterprises. The topicality of solving this scientific problem boils down to the fact that in conditions of competition, the development of tourism business is ensured primarily by the use of product innovations by tourism enterprises, the introduction of effective ways to implement priority areas of innovation. The study of the problem of implementation of innovative tourist products in the practical activities of enterprises is carried out in the following logical sequence: the subject matter and types of innovative tourist products have been analysed, the main prerequisites for their implementation in the activities of enterprises have been defined; the main trends in the development of innovations in the tourism business of Ukraine, in particular, new tourism products and innovative approaches used to retain regular customers and attract new ones in a competitive environment; an optimal model of implementation of innovative tourist products has been developed.
The methodological tools of the conducted study were general theoretical and specific methods, in particular, logical and dialectical, graphoanalytical method, method of scientific abstraction, systemic and integrated approaches. The study covered the period of 2010—2019. The object of research is an innovative tourist product that allowed implementation of its model taking into account the effect of external and internal environment.
The article presents the results of empirical analysis of the main trends in the development of innovation at the present stage of development of the tourism business in Ukraine. In addition, there are reasons that inhibit innovation in tourism, which must be taken into account for the development and implementation of innovative tourist products.
The study theoretically proves and supports that the development of innovative activities and the introduction of innovative tourist products provide tourism enterprises with competitive advantages. The results of the study can be useful in the practical work of travel agencies that seek to create a portfolio of innovative products and increase the efficiency of their activities.
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Tukhvatullin, Midhat, Yuri Arkhangelsky, Rustam Aipov e Eduard Khasanov. "Materials and Economic Aspects of Designing Microwave Electrical Installations". Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, n.º 2 (28 de abril de 2022): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090206.
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Ultrahigh-frequency electro-technical installations are capable of performing thermal microwave modification of dielectric and non-thermal microwave modification of polymer materials and products, as a result of which new properties and parameters appear in the object processed in the working chamber of such an installation. When designing microwave electrical installations, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the dielectric parameters of the processed object and the parameters of the microwave electromagnetic field of the working chamber of the installation. The paper considers the influence of the parameters of the processed dielectrics on the synthesis of working chambers of microwave electrical installations and mathematical modelling of heat treatment in a microwave electromagnetic field, the structure and parameters of the installation on its economic efficiency. Consideration of the materials science and economic aspects of microwave electrical technology allows to accelerate and reduce the cost of design in microwave electrical technology.
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Aldeshova, S. B., G. T. Akhmetova e M. S. Dariskaliyeva. "Financial and economic activity in agricultural enterprises: theoretical aspects". Problems of AgriMarket, n.º 2 (6 de julho de 2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-2.2708-9991.10.
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The goal is to show the specifics of conducting financial and economic activities in agricultural enterprises, which differs from other sectors of economy, which is more characterized by the assortment, volumes of products produced and sales in value terms, which is directly dependent on the quality, deterioration of production facilities, the availability of the necessary raw materials, materials, sales options. The following tasks were solved: problems of accounting in the entities of agricultural sphere were studied; identified difficulties in enhancing economic activity in farms of this sector; a system of measures is proposed to improve the efficiency of the use of land, production assets, material, financial and labor resources, reduce losses, increase the profitability of agricultural products and improve the financial and economic situation of farms, in the presence of extensive, promptly received information. The results of the analysis show that along with external factors (inflation, violation of parity of inter-industry exchange, effective demand, level of consumer income and other economic conditions of management), internal factors also have a great influence on financial and economic activities: optimization of the structure of assets, introduction of investment and innovation processes, technical and technological modernization of agricultural sector. Agricultural accounting helps to provide the necessary information on the progress of production processes, increase profitability and improve the quality of work. The main conclusions are that when organizing accounting in agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to provide the use of advanced information technologies, implementation of new opportunities for adaptation to the needs of various user groups, development of mechanisms for interaction with other programs. Effective agro-industrial production is possible only under the condition of a stable financial condition of economic entity.
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Miflin, B. J. "Plant biotechnology: aspects of its application in industry". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 99, n.º 3-4 (1992): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005571.
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SynopsisPlant biotechnology can serve industrial concerns in two ways; it can lead to new products and to new ways of producing an existing product (i.e. ‘processes’). The technology can be used in any business involved in using or selling plant products. In the agricultural input business molecular genetics is having most effect on the introduction of new variation into crop plants. The first products are likely to involve the introduction of insect and disease resistance and herbicide tolerance; some genes transferred will change product quality. Future applications will involve the control of more complex traits. Biotechnology will also enhance plant breeding via improved technologies (e.g. RFLPs and tissue culture); also the production of hybrids is likely to be enhanced and extended. Early products will also include the production of rDNA microbial products for control of pests and diseases.Of considerable concern to businesses is whether or not they can make sufficient financial return on plant biotechnology. The reasons behind this concern are the time it takes to introduce a product to the market; the expenditure on meeting regulatory requirements; the overall level of public acceptance of the products and the level of return from the farmer. To ensure a fair return on investment there also needs to be a secure structure of intellectual property protection (patents, plant breeders rights, etc.). Continued success in the application of plant science to agricultural improvement depends on a proper economic environment as well as the advancement of the science.
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STEPANENKO, Anatolii, e Alla OMELCHENKO. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT". Economy of Ukraine 2018, n.º 1 (3 de janeiro de 2018): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.01.040.
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A definition of ecological modernization is given and analysis of its existing definitions is carried out. The tasks of ecological modernization, which envisage transformation of society, superindustrialization, reorientation of technologies for the restoration of ecological balance, restructuring of the economy and formation of a technological society, are outlined. The key elements of ecological modernization and its ecological imperatives are singled out. It is shown that mainly anthropocentric approaches and invariability of the priority of economic interests are traced in theoretical development of models of ecological modernization. It is highlighted that to prevent further degradation of ecosystems, a new ecocentric worldview and a high level of ecological consciousness are necessary. It is determined that the main forms of ecological modernization aimed at solving the environmental problems under conditions of limited and depleted natural resources are: environmentally directed development of industry; technological platforms of ecological development; ecologization of economic development; inplementation and development of clean production and environmental technologies. It is disclosed that in Ukraine over the past years the level of ecological modernization of the economy has increased, as evidenced by the share of capital investments in integrated technologies of the volume of capital investments for the protection and rational use of natural resources and development of the production of innovative products, including new types of machines, equipment, devices, devices. The vast majority of the integrated technology activities are not in line with the V and VI waves of innovation, not mentioning the VII, which began in highly developed countries. It is substantiated that new model of modernization of social development should include not only the change and introduction of new technologies, but also deep institutional, social and cultural transformations. It is determined that in addition to three prospects for the development of ecological modernization – eco-saving business and consumption, effective protection of the natural environment, the ecologization of society – the fourth is also possible: emancipation of nature, that is, socialization and personalization of nature. The strategic directions of ecological modernization of socio-economic development of Ukraine are proposed and its key tasks regarding the formation of a modernizing type of ecologically oriented activity of society are determined.
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Karabaeva, G. Sh. "Key Aspects of Innovation Process Intensification in Uzbekistan Industry". Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics 17, n.º 5 (15 de outubro de 2020): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-5-42-55.
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The article studies the key ways of upgrading and modernizing industry in Uzbekistan - innovation processes taking place in manufacturing and selling goods and services. It was shown that raising the economic potential of the country, which was identified as a strategic line in the development of industrial forces and attaining public progress, can be provided not only on the basis of new investment into economy or setting-up new enterprises and works but also by rational and effective use of existing resources: labour, material, finance, natural, etc. The author analyzes figures of the efficiency of Uzbekistan industry innovation activity and puts forward ways of its intensification. It was shown that innovative enterprises of Uzbekistan differ greatly from enterprises in developed countries, which function in conditions of highly-competitive market saturated by high-quality products. Production in the republic lags behind in the sphere of international quality standards, which means that a bigger part of new products is new only on the home market. In order to raise products to global standards serious costs and efforts are necessary, which are unattainable for many enterprises.
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Hidayatullah, Muhammad Syarif. "KONSTRUKSI BERPIKIR QIYAS SEBAGAI PENALARAN IJTIHAD DALAM INSTINBATH HUKUM EKONOMI DAN KEUANGAN SYARIAH". Ar-Risalah: Media Keislaman, Pendidikan dan Hukum Islam 18, n.º 2 (29 de outubro de 2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/arrisalah.v18i2.396.
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The development of a dynamic era produces many new products and cases that are present in the modern economy. Islamic law has set and provided restrictions on these issues concerning aspects of halal and haram. The Qiyas method is needed in legal studies to produce fiqh formulations in Islamic economic and financial law. This paper aims to explain the concept of qiyas as a method of istinbath Islamic law and then examine the application of qiyas in the discovery of Islamic economic and financial law. This type of research is normative legal research with a conceptual approach. Legal material is collected through the study of literature with discussion of ushûl fiqh (Islamic law methodology) dan fiqh mu’âmalah (Islamic Jurisprudence about economics and finance) in classical and contemporary literature. The existence of qiyas as a method of istinbath law has a very important position in economics and finance. New products and cases that are present need to be responded and analyzed. Exploring the law with qiyas must be done throught careful and in-depth studies by looking at the similarity of true ‘illat (legal motives) so that the construction process of thinking qiyas in legal discovery can be applied appropriately.
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Pienaar, Wessel. "Economic aspects of pipeline transport: a South African perspective". Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 28, n.º 2 (6 de setembro de 2009): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v28i2.53.
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Pipeline transport is unique among modes of transport in that the pipe, which facilitates freight movement, is both the way and the vehicle, and it is permanently connected to terminals, which facilitate freight storage. This feature makes it the only mode of transport that does not require any materials or goods handling. In view of the facts that pipeline infrastructure is extremely capital intensive and that it has an unprecedented longevity, pipeline transport enjoys the highest level of economies of scale of all modes of transport. This economy is subject to steady and enduring high levels of demand. It is also the only mode of freight transport of which the operations do not require a return journey, whereby joint cost due to empty running is avoided. The commercial transport of crude oil and petroleum products by pipeline and the envisaged new investment in this mode of transport are receiving increased attention in South Africa. Transnet Pipelines recently obtained permission from the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (Nersa) to construct and operate a new 60-cm petroleum products pipeline 704 kilometres in length from Durban to Gauteng. In addition, the newly-formed Petroline consortium recently obtained permission to construct and operate a 30 cm petroleum products pipeline 199 kilometres in length from Maputo to Nelspruit, with an extension of 249 kilometres in length eventually to Kendal, where it can be linked up with the present Transnet pipeline network. The disadvantages of pipeline transport lie mainly in its extreme functional speciali sation and dependence upon sustained high-volume traffic. The initial cost of installation is high and justified only when both the demand and supply are guaranteed to continue for an indefi nite period. Despite the fact that tank ships run empty during return trips, pipeline transport can only compete with sea transport between the same origin and destination if the pipeline route is considerably shorter than the sea route, or where sea transport is subject to exceptional charges, such as heavy canal dues. The economic assessment of a pipeline necessitates the investigation of several alternatives in order to determine whether the project is justifiable in terms of the economic resources its commercial existence will require. Firstly, alternative locations of the pipeline may have to be compared. A second consideration is the size of the pipeline, since one with a larger diameter, and capable of handling a greater traffic volume, involves higher initial investment cost but lower costs for pumps and energy to propel the pumps. A third decision concerns the choice of pump technology. Most pumps are driven by electric motors, although diesel engines or gas turbines can also be used. A fourth important consideration is whether the refinery should be located at the beginning of the line (upstream, close to the oil field or the port of entry) or at the end of the line (downstream, close to the market). The fifth step in the economic evaluation is to compare the pipeline cost with the cost of the next best transport alternative, which is usually rail transport. If these investigations indicate that a pipeline promises to be technically feasible, financially viable and economically justified, detailed design of the pipeline may commence. In terms of market participants the supply of pipeline transport is the most highly concentrated of all freight transport modes. With a few exceptions, there is but one crude oil, one products and one natural gas pipeline connecting producing areas or refineries and areas of consumption. This high degree of monopoly results from declining unit costs with increases in capacity, so that the lowest costs are achieved by a concentration of output in a single pipeline. Therefore, pipeline operations that can fulfil entire market demands are pure natural monopolies. Where the distance between supply points (such as geographically separated oil fields or ports of entry) is far in relation to the delivery distance to the market area, such an area’s fuel demand can often be most efficiently fulfilled by two or more different pipeline operations. The clients of a common carrier are direct competitors in the wholesale fuel market, therefore they should bear full cost responsibility for the service rendered by the pipeline. Service below total cost to a client implies that it is subsidized by its competitors. The only instance when delivery can take place below total cost is when:the necessary spare capacity exists to accommodate the consignment (i.e. that the opportunity for another consignment to be delivered at full cost is not jeopardized);all the avoidable (i.e. short-run) costs are covered and some contribution to unavoidable (i.e. fi xed or long-run) costs is made; andthe consignment delivery would not have taken place at a price covering full costs.
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ARTEMOVA, Elena, Elena UDOVIK, Nadezhda SUKHINA, Anna PETROVSKAYA, Olga ANICHKINA e Taisiya RYABOVA. "Financial Aspects of Solving Environmental Problems in a "Green" Growth". Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 10, n.º 3 (17 de julho de 2019): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.3(35).06.
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The article discusses the financial aspects of solving environmental problems in a "green" growth. The possibilities of saving natural resources make it necessary to develop and conduct an effective technological policy in the economy, which in turn should be manifested in the practical implementation of scientific and technological progress in the field of products, technologies and services. A state with environmentally sustainable and balanced economic reforms and creating an economic environment at the macro level can facilitate and accelerate the transition to a green economy.
Numerous local, global economic crises of the last decade indicate the instability of the existing world economic structure. The world community continues to discuss the issue of building a new model of the economic system, which is called the "green" economy. Sufficiently strong inflow of investments along with the rapid pace of development of the "green" economy, gave rise to the bold expectations of the prevailing part of politicians and analysts in strong economic growth in the coming decades.
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Dmytro Nelipa, Oleh Zubchyk, Olha Zubchyk e Denis Kireev. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE". European Cooperation 4, n.º 44 (1 de outubro de 2019): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32070/ec.v4i44.70.
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The article deals with the basic concepts and tendencies of the digital economy. The current state of the digital economy and prospects for its development in Ukraine are analyzed. It is proposed to consider the digital economy development as an element of the social development strategy. The research methodology includes neo-institutional and systemic approaches, as well as analysis of statistics and data from social studies. The work concerns equally the theoretical and applied aspects of the topic. The paper is based on secondary data that has been collected from the official statistics, the Internet, science articles, interviews, papers, etc. The analysis results indicate a relatively unfavorable situation in Ukraine. The digital economy development entails dramatic changes in social relations. These processes include both risks (the market is being restructured in a new way, leading to challenges related to jobs, skills, security and privacy), as well as prospects (stimulating innovation, increasing governance efficiency, improving service delivery, inclusion and sustainable economic growth, the well-being of citizens, countries and society). The society and the state should be properly prepared for such changes. Therefore, the digital economy development in terms of public administration should be seen as an element of a social development strategy that requires proper scientific and expert substantiation. The concept of digital economy development in Ukraine envisages several measures aimed at addressing digital gap (from digital jobs to digital initiatives in the modern world, conducting digitalization of industry and business, defining basic digital services, preparing educational modernization measures, as well as forecasting digital development in Ukraine until 2020). On January 17, 2018, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Concept for the Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020 and a plan of measures for its implementation. The document emphasizes that the path to the digital economy and digital society of Ukraine lies through the domestic product market, use and consumption of information and communication or digital technologies. The digital economy development is a set of mechanisms, motivation factors, and incentives for the implementation of digital technologies, and, therefore, a branched digital infrastructure for harnessing the state's capabilities, enhancing its competitiveness, and increasing the well-being of citizens. Currently, Ukrainian market of information products and services is at the stage of formation. The market of information products consists of technical and technological components (modern information equipment, powerful computers, advanced computer network and related information processing technologies, which enables to work on the global computer network Internet, search information, customers, goods, hypertext management technology, e-mail); regulatory and legal components (the legal basis for regulating the information market); organizational components (elements of state regulation of interaction between producers and distributors of information products and services). At the same time, the tasks of identifying specific practical legal, regulatory (organizational), economic and financial infrastructural mechanisms for the development of the «digital society» that would facilitate the rapid growth of the digital economy remain unresolved.
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Valtere, Megija, Daina Kaleja, Edgars Kudurs, Antra Kalnbalkite, Viktorija Terjanika, Beate Zlaugotne, Jelena Pubule e Dagnija Blumberga. "The Versatility of the Bioeconomy. Sustainability Aspects of the Use of Bran". Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2022): 658–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0050.
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Abstract As food consumption increases, so does the number of agricultural by-products. That is why it is necessary to find the best possible uses for them, operating by the principles of the bioeconomy. This work aims to gather information on the possibilities of using grain byproducts to develop new products and evaluate which bran products are the most suitable for commercialisation based on economic, environmental, social, and technical factors. Two methods were used in this work: literature review and multi-criteria decision analysis. As a result, 30 products were identified that could be made by using wheat bran, straw, husk, and dust. The products were divided into six groups – packaging materials, building materials, adsorbents, fuel, thermal insulation materials, and chemicals. In multi-criteria decision analysis, it was looked at seven bran products of which the best alternative for further commercialisation is mycelium-based biocomposite.
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Presová, Radmila. "Importance of industrial classification of economic activities for teaching merchandising". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, n.º 3 (2005): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553030289.
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Business subjects in any national economy perform activities results of which are products, services or goods directly distributed to the market network. Volume of products differs according to the level of operational facilities, number of producers and the level of their facilities. Based on the development of information technology, there arise new specialization fields and new ranges of goods. Classification criteria are developed to qualify level of production and for enlistment of a firm to a particular branch. Currently the criteria of production classification are being developed. The understanding of these principles is particularly important on the bachelor level of the specialization Trade Management, where students are getting acquainted with the characteristics of goods, creative and degradation influences on utility, etc. Students are encouraged to understand how the quality and criteria mentioned above influence market prices. Teaching emphasis is put on the complexity of food assortment and the knowledge of Czech and EU legalislation relating to hygienic aspects and health quality of production, processing, and selling of food products. This complex procedure enables to obtain an overall survey of the origin of particular products, their catering, and sales. This means that the students obtain an idea about the complexity of relations existing among the origin of products, their sales and their consumption.
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Kaur, Harjyot, e Manjit Kaur. "High Technology Entrepreneurship". International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, n.º 6 (29 de junho de 2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.275.
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High Technology entrepreneurship is very important aspect in many debates, including those which are regarding launching new firms and development, regional economic development, section of stakeholders, selection of markets, educating managers and scientists.The purpose of this article is to define the high technology entrepreneurship, and identify its various aspects in relation with economics, entrepreneurship and management.High technology entrepreneurship is an investment in a project that uses various specialized individuals and various assets to create and capture the value of firm. Collaborative experiments and production of new products, assets and their attributes, which related to advances in scientific and technological knowledge and the firm’s asset ownership rights are the various factors which distinguishes Technology entrepreneurship from other entrepreneurship types (e.g. Social entrepreneurship, Small business and Self employment).
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Ivanova, A. V., e V. B. Malitskaya. "The economic aspect of new ways of obtaining innovative forest biotechnology products". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 392 (21 de novembro de 2019): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/392/1/012023.
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Gavranovic, Ante. "How to deal with new challenges? Economic, technological and social aspects of the textile and clothing industry". Textile & Leather Review 1, n.º 1 (junho de 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2018.vol1.iss1.p29-33.a3.
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Economic, financial and political development has strongly influenced on the textile industry, which accelerated the pace of change. In order to catch the pace it is necessary to take certain steps now or in the near future. The Far East countries record high economic growth, while other, mostly developed industrial countries growth has considerably declined. Consumer behaviour tends to restrain from purchasing of clothing products, raw material prices are growing and lack of raw materials on the market is noticeable. These trends are causing a certain amount of restlessness in the textile industry. The textile and clothing industry have their distinctive features visible in a manufacturing sector which dominantly depends on brand name firms that spread their business all over the world. Production mainly takes place in developing and fast growing countries, since their production destinations, working conditions and wages are most affordable. For example, about 90 % of clothing items sold in northern countries are produced in Eastern Europe or at the Far East. At the same time, in the northern countries, where most of clothing products are sold, manufacturing facilities of the clothing industry almost doesn’t exist.
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Nardi-Hiebl, S., L. H. J. Eberhart, M. Gehling, T. Koch, T. Schlesinger e P. Kranke. "Quo Vadis PCA? A Review on Current Concepts, Economic Considerations, Patient-Related Aspects, and Future Development with respect to Patient-Controlled Analgesia". Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2020 (13 de fevereiro de 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9201967.
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This review assesses four interrelating aspects of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), a long-standing and still widely used concept for postoperative pain management. Over the years, anaesthesiologists and patients have appreciated the benefits of PCA alike. The market has seen new technologies leveraging noninvasive routes of administration and, thus, further increasing patient and staff satisfaction as well as promoting safety aspects. Pharmaceutical research focuses on the reduction or avoidance of opioids, side effects, and adverse events although influence of these aspects appears to be minor. The importance of education is still eminent, and new educational formats are tested to train healthcare professionals and patients likewise. New PCA technology can support the implementation of efficient processes to reduce workload and human errors; however, these new products come with a cost, which is not necessarily reflected through beneficial budget impact or significant improvements in patient outcome. Although first steps have been taken to better recognize the importance of postoperative pain management through the introduction of value-based reimbursement, in most western countries, PCA is not specifically compensated. PCA is still an effective and valued technique for postoperative pain management. Although there is identifiable potential for future developments in various aspects, this potential has not materialized in new products.
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Setiyoko, Nanang. "Batik Pacitan: Kontinuitas dan Perubahannya". Jurnal Kajian Seni 8, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jksks.73000.
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The main objective of this research is to explore and observe the existence, development, and changes of Pacitan batik, especially in the aspect of form, function and product of Pacitan batik in social, cultural and economic contexts. This research is descriptive qualitative by using a multidisciplinary approach, culture, aesthetics in the hope that it can answer all the problems. Changes caused by internal factors can occur due to new interpretations and perceptions of the Pacitan community, as a community that supports batik cloth. Pacitan people have a sense to participate in the development, innovation, ideas, and new creations of Pacitan batik. Changes caused by external factors generally occur because of relationships, communication, and social and cultural interactions with other cultures. Pacitan batik products have also experienced developments and changes, both in quantity and quality. Broadly speaking, the changes that occurred in Pacitan batik were marked by a change in its function, from the beginning as a long cloth worn by women during official events or during celebrations, to now becoming a trade commodity product. The motifs applied to Pacitan batik initially contained deep philosophical symbolic meanings, but now these meanings have been put aside, and only evaluated for their aesthetic aspects. Changes in cultural products will have an impact on the supporting community, both in terms of socio-cultural aspects, as well as socio-economic aspects.
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Kalashnikova, Marina Fedorovna, Nadezhda Viktorovna Maksimova, Oleg Viktorovich Udovichenko e Yury Ivanovich Suntsov. "Pharmacoeconomic aspects of the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome". Diabetes mellitus 13, n.º 2 (15 de junho de 2010): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5686.
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Treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a major medico-social problem facing public health services. One of its important aspectsis high cost of the treatment. In connection with this, not only medical but also economic issues pertinent to DFS have recently been widely discussedin different countries. Clinico-economic analysis of the use of new medicinal products, therapeutic modalities, and established medical technologiesis of primary importance for making decisions concerning allocation of available financial resources. The present review of foreign publications focuseson the studies providing additional arguments in favour of modern efficacious methods for the management of DFS. The review is intended to motivateclinicians and health officials to revise current approaches to the treatment of DFS patients in this country.
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Mydlarz, Katarzyna, Sławomir Mydlarz e Marek Wieruszewski. "Economic and environmental aspects of technologies for surface treatment of selected wood-based composites". BioResources 16, n.º 2 (22 de fevereiro de 2021): 2696–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2696-2713.
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Research for new solutions in the field of wood-based materials and possibilities of their refinement is prompted by both market needs and increasingly restrictive environmental regulations. Many opportunities in this area are created by modern industrial technologies and constantly improved varnishing products as well. The observed trend indicating the usage of increasingly advanced technologies for the refining of wood-based materials in plants producing these composites confirms such activities and it creates new market opportunities. The correlations between the consumption of varnishing materials and the VOC index depending on the application technology were established. The economic and environmental benefits of the refining process concerning wood-based materials in their production plants were shown for both the manufacturers of the refinished composites and their buyers.
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Chistova, Natal'ya Geral'dovna, e Venera Nurullovna Matygulina. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DISPOSAL OF WOOD FIBER WASTE IN AERODYNAMIC MEDIA". chemistry of plant raw material, n.º 4 (21 de dezembro de 2020): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020048188.
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The paper discusses the results of a study on the use of fundamentally new equipment (rotary knife mill) for the preparation of secondary fiber waste in the air and the possibility of their full use in finished products for various purposes. In order to justify the effectiveness of the preparation and the feasibility of using secondary wood fiber semi-finished products by a dry grinding method, the physical phenomena and regularities of the mechanism for the preparation of secondary wood fiber semi-finished products by the proposed method are determined and investigated, which characterize the technological process of preparation in air and their possible future use as semi-finished products or in the manufacture of finished products products.
The process of dissolution of wood fiber waste was studied, the mechanical effect on wood fiber waste due to face-cross cutting (cutting, crushing, flattening, breaking) and aerodynamic phenomena (breaking, collision, dissolution, fibrillation), contributing to the formation of external and internal fibrillation of the secondary wood fiber, is described. increase in specific surface in the absence of high temperatures and pressure, without the addition of chemical additives, without the use of water and steam.
The performed studies allow us to propose a new method and system for the preparation of wood fiber waste by dry grinding, justifying their economic and environmental feasibility.
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HERMAN, Andriy. "INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND STARTUP IN THE CREATIVE ECONOMY". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 310, n.º 5(1) (29 de setembro de 2022): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-310-5(1)-27.
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The paper examines the theoretical aspects of innovative entrepreneurship and startup in the creative economy. An important task of any economy is to ensure rapid economic growth, which is not possible without the use of entrepreneurial innovations. Various aspects of the concept of “entrepreneurship” were considered, namely global, economic, intellectual and professional. The content of the concepts “creative entrepreneurship” and “creative economy” was analyzed. The specific origin of the creative economy is considered. Three types of creative entrepreneurship are distinguished: cultural, social and hybrid. The types of creative innovations are briefly characterized: creation of new products, improvement of previously existing ones, bringing the existing one to a new level, use of new resources, creation of a new structure. It was established that the concept of “startup” is located next to the concepts of “entrepreneurship” and “innovation”. Peculiarities of a startup in the creative economy have been studied. Currently, it is known that the process of creating and developing conditions for developing and offering new products to the market begins at the startup stage. A startup is a newly created organization that uses different types of innovation. Almost all actions of a startup can be considered as experiments that test the chosen strategies. Various forms of organization of creative and entrepreneurial space in the creative economy have common characteristics.
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Escobar-López, Sttefanie Yenitza, Angélica Espinoza-Ortega, Ivonne Vizcarra-Bordi e Humberto Thomé-Ortiz. "The consumer of food products in organic markets of central Mexico". British Food Journal 119, n.º 3 (6 de março de 2017): 558–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2016-0321.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of consumers of organic food, based on their motivations. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire based on the Food Choice Questionnaire was applied to a 656 consumers. A multivariate factor analysis and cluster analysis was performed to the data. Findings Seven factors were identified: ecological concern; nutritional content; availability of natural products; sensory aspects; certifications, health and confidence; and economic aspects. Resulting clusters were named as: conscious and interested in certification; conscious with no interest in certification; opportunist in transition; unconscious opportunist. There are signs of different consumers. The consumers of these products are characterised by an interaction between hedonic and ethical motivations, where the most important motivation is environmental concern and the least important are the economic aspects. Research limitations/implications The reduced number of alternative markets in Mexico limits the amplitude of the research. Practical implications The work herein reported is pioneer and contributes to reduce the lack of studies on the motivations and characteristics of consumers of organic foods in Mexico. Findings may set a path for new research in other cultural contexts; as well as for more specific work in Mexico as of consumers of industrialised organic products. Social implications Characterising consumers of organic foods will enable the development of these markets. Originality/value Social studies of eating habits have taken place in European countries; and several works have been developed in other areas of the world to determine the way in which consumers build their preferences and food choice patterns. In Mexico, specifically in organic foods, studies have focussed in agrarian economics, but the analysis of motivations for choice has not been addressed. Therefore, it is important to research this issue given the relevance for consumers.
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Reshetnikova, Elena Gennadievna. "Economic accessibility of food in the context of a new global challenge". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-C (21 de junho de 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-c988p.72-77.
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The article deals with the study of the mechanism ensuring the economic accessibility of food, substantiating the areas for improving its most important blocks associated with the transformation of state revenue and tax policy, and the development of market mechanisms forming affordable prices for food products. The study aimed to substantiate the ways to adapt the mechanism ensuring the economic accessibility of food in the context of the new global challenge associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors have considered the theoretical, methodological, and institutional aspects of ensuring the economic accessibility of food through state support of consumer demand in the context of declining actual revenues, increasing unemployment, and problems in the field of small business caused by the impact of a new global challenge.
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Cricelli, Livio, e Serena Strazzullo. "The Economic Aspect of Digital Sustainability: A Systematic Review". Sustainability 13, n.º 15 (23 de julho de 2021): 8241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158241.
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In recent years, sustainability and Industry 4.0 have become crucial aspects of the global economy. Numerous studies focus on the link between environmental aspects of sustainability and Industry 4.0. On the contrary, few studies address the issue of the integration of economic sustainability and digital technologies. This paper aims to fill this gap through a systematic analysis of the literature. In particular, 32 articles were selected and following a descriptive analysis to evaluate the evolution of the theme, a content analysis was performed. The findings of this study highlight and categorize the main sustainability metrics associated with digital technologies. Specifically, the digitalization process enhances the connection of products and factories, the value chain and users to achieve a production cycle as sustainable as possible. The new technologies developed allow companies to foster innovation and entrepreneurship, increase the market share, reduce energy waste, recover and reuse the material, etc. Finally, managerial and academic contributions were identified.
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Latysheva, Anna. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEGMENT ACCOUNTING". Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 16, n.º 2 (2022): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em220214.
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In the conditions of Russia's transition to the market model of economic management and the global financial crisis, those economic entities, which have several business segments, successfully operate because they diversify their risks. In this connection, the order of allocation of business segments and estimation of their effectiveness becomes of special urgency. In the scientific work, different approaches to treatment of the concepts of segment of activity and internal and external segment reporting are considered. On the basis of the obtained conclusions the concept of segment of activity as an object of internal business accounting is clarified. The specific tasks of accounting of activity segments have been substantiated, which allow to build and carry out the correct accounting, analysis and control of an individual activity segment or their group at the level of an economic entity. Factors and risks, which influence the formation of activity segments, are revealed. The known approaches to classification of activity segments are generalized, and the new classification criteria (as per risk level; industry sector; types of products; external buyers; types of activity; geographical regions; responsibility centers) are offered, allowing to broaden the idea of activity segments as objects of accounting, analysis and control.
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KOSTETSKYІ, Volodymyr, e Ivan PRYMACHENKO. "MODERN ASPECTS OF SEARCHING INCENTIVES TO INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES". WORLD OF FINANCE, n.º 2(63) (2020): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2020.02.126.
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Introduction. In In today’s conditions of economic development, business entities face the challenge of reformatting systems, methods and economic mechanisms for managing sustainability in terms of innovative approach. Therefore, the solution of economic, social, managerial and personal problems in contemporary society implies a specific innovative style of management, which is based on innovation, innovation, systematic and continuous innovation activities. The purpose is to identificatt the positive trends and shortcomings of the processes of innovative development of economic entities that exist in Ukraine, and to clarificate of modern scientific approaches to encourage businesses to innovate in order to ensure financial stability and innovative development of the country’s economy. Results. The study of the mechanism of innovation activity allows us to conclude that the formation and development of an innovative management strategy by an economic entity is an integration process that combines the processes of forecasting, planning and accounting of the resource base of the enterprise in the long-term, medium-term and short-term prospects in the new conditions modernization of the state economy. Creating a national innovation system is to build a holistic system that effectively transforms new knowledge into new technologies, products and services that find their real consumers in national or global markets. At the same time, attention should be paid to the development of an innovative strategy by each domestic enterprise, which will create conditions for positive trends in the development of this process. Conclusions. Innovations are essentially related to the cyclical development of the economy, as they initiate new technological developments. Therefore, in an innovative economy, the state plays an important role in implementing anti-cyclical economic regulation, smoothing out cyclical fluctuations and mitigating their effects. To ensure the further development of innovation in Ukraine, it is necessary to comprehensively use methods to stimulate innovation, in particular the improvement of tax legislation; improving the legal framework for venture funds; improving the mechanism of protection of intellectual property rights; ensuring effective cooperation between the scientific and business sectors in the field of innovation.
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Smolka-Day, Maria I. "Bibliographic Guide to the Legal Aspects of International Finance". International Journal of Legal Information 18, n.º 3 (1990): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500006594.
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International finance is a fast growing and constantly changing area of economic activity. Along with permanent improvements in traditional financial instruments, totally new markets and products such as Eurocurrency markets of Eurobonds have been developed during recent decades. Legal aspects of international finance touch upon so many different problems that only a few of them can be covered in this guide and only in an introductory manner. The guide is not intended as a complete bilbiography but as a selection of some important or representative, general materials in English. The emphasis is on recent publications, which can easily lead to older and more extensive studies.
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Blatova, T. A., V. V. Makarov e N. S. Shuval-Sergeeva. "Quantitative and qualitative aspects of measuring the digital economy". Radio industry (Russia) 29, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2019): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2019-29-4-63-72.
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The main research subject is an assessment of a current state of the economy and the population well-being using conventional economic indicators. The article presents main trends that are available when people apply information and communication technology to business models and products that transform the economy and social and economic interaction. The analysis completed has showen that as an indicator in terms of digital economy the gross domestic product has no longer adequately presented an increase in a number and variety of services and complexity of the solutions developed. Authors propose new approaches to valuating a digital product based on measurements of the consumer surplus. Authors have shown that to solve problems of measuring the digital economy, we need reliable statistics for activity in the digital economy, so that the ongoing national economic policy does not have negative consequences for the country. There is the conclusion that in the near future, due to the lack of alternatives, the gross domestic product as an indicator will still be in use for measurements of the population well-being. Therefore, statistics quality, techniques for such data analysis, and efficient managerial decision-making based on them have been getting the most relevant.
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Liu, Haolong. "The Tripartite Evolutionary Game of Green Agro-Product Supply in an Agricultural Industrialization Consortium". Sustainability 14, n.º 18 (15 de setembro de 2022): 11582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811582.
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In recent years, China has actively promoted the green transformation and low-carbon development of agriculture. New-type agricultural business entities such as family farms, specialized cooperatives and agro-processing enterprises have become important vehicles of agricultural green transformation due to their comparative advantages in multiple aspects. Within the agricultural industrialization consortium, the motivation of new-type agricultural business entities to synergistically implement the agricultural green transformation strategy is affected by bounded rationality as well as multiple economic and social factors. Clarifying the mechanism of the above factors would be of benefit to promoting agricultural green transformation in developing countries. In this article, a tripartite evolutionary game model about the production and sale of green agro-products is constructed, and the influences of various factors on the evolutionary game process are analyzed, based on new institutional economics and new economic sociology. According to the simulation results, it is found that the proportional quality contributions of the agents, the intensification of consumers’ preference for green agro-products and the increase of social embedding cost are conducive to the system converging to the favorable evolutionary equilibrium at a faster rate. However, the increases of marginal costs, market risks and spillover effects would prevent the system from converging to the favorable evolutionary equilibrium. Accordingly, corresponding suggestions are put forward to support the effective supply of green agricultural products in the agricultural industrialization consortium.
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Bruskin, Sergey A. "Legal aspects of new genetic technologies". Ecological genetics 20, n.º 1S (8 de dezembro de 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen112516.
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The development of genomic editing technologies has significantly intesificated the shortcomings of the legal regulation for genetic technologies as in general and as for new technologies of genetic engineering in particular. Because of imperfected legislation for genetic engineering, and in some cases because of its archaism, new genomic technologies, such as genetic editing technologies, which are growth drivers in science, could not be drivers in the economics. The outdated terms and concepts framework and the legal indetermination of using the products based on new genetic technologies (including genome editing) are barriers to achieving the goals to ensure the technological independence of Russia.
The basis of the current legal regulation system of genetic engineering in Russia is a focus to the process and technologies, i.e. methods of the product producing. This means that the changes within genetic information is not important, but only the method of development is. Such way of regulation provides a priori chronic lag in legislation, which could finally lead to technological lag as whole country. The transition to a product-oriented system, when the analysis of base of genetic information changes makes possible to clearly answer to the question of the methods used for this, will allow us to avoid the shortcomings within development of synthetic biology methods indicated earlier, as now as in the future.
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Chanda, Udayan, e Alok Kumar. "Optimization of EOQ Model for New Products Under Multi-Stage Adoption Process". International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 16, n.º 02 (abril de 2019): 1950015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877019500159.
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The available literature on new product sales growth models mostly ignores two important aspects of technology diffusion: diffusion of awareness and the actual adoption. This characteristic of technology adoption is extremely important from inventory management perspective as buying decision is often influenced due to time lag between information propagation and actual adoptions. As high-technology market is extremely unpredictable, interactions between technological evolutions and customer feedback effects play an important role in technology diffusion. The demand models mostly considered in inventory literature to develop economic order quantity (EOQ) model ignore this important element of technology diffusion. In this paper, we proposed an EOQ model for high-technology products by incorporating customer feedback effects along with market heterogeneity to optimize the total inventory cost. The demand model considered in the paper follows lifecycle phenomenon and is sensitive to unit selling price. To remove any ambiguity pertaining to costs, fuzzy nature of ordering and inventory carrying cost is considered in the paper.
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Zilberman, David, e Justus Wesseler. "The impacts and acceptance of agricultural biotechnology: an introduction to the special issue". Environment and Development Economics 19, n.º 6 (10 de novembro de 2014): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x1400062x.
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AbstractAttitudes towards and acceptance of agricultural biotechnology, which involves inserting genes that carry new traits into existing varieties, has been subject to much debate. This special issue aims to address several gaps in the literature on genetically modified (GM) technology in agriculture. Some of the papers in the issue address the economic and health aspects of genetic modification in agriculture while others examine consumers’ attitudes towards GM products, and the marketing and labeling of GM products.
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Dergachova, Victoriia, Serhii Smerichevskyi, Tetiana Kniazieva e Svitlana Smerichevska. "Tools for formation and development of the environmentally friendly food products market: regional aspect in Ukraine". Environmental Economics 11, n.º 1 (15 de julho de 2020): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.11(1).2020.09.
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Utilization of modern technologies in food production causes several negative consequences having a long-term impact on public health due to the consumption of food containing components of inorganic origin. This circumstance requires the formation and development of the market of organic food in Ukraine. The paper aims to substantiate the possibility of using economic and organizational tools to rationalize environmentally friendly food consumption and eliminate their negative consequences for the region’s population. The study’s basis is the classical provisions of modern economic theory, environmental economics, and the concept of socio-ethical marketing. Based on the analysis of official statistics, the parameters and opportunities for the growth of the organic food products market in Ukraine by region are determined. The conformity of the product offer of ecologically clean products to different consumer segments in the region is revealed according to the criteria that characterize the groups of goods according to the degree of their ecological purity compared to the price parameter, frequency of purchase, and place of purchase. The priorities for the gradual expansion of the organic food market in the region have been determined with an emphasis on its expansion by attracting new consumer segments. The need for additional organizational measures in the region, aimed at both non-commercial and commercial promotion of healthy lifestyles and proper nutrition, is argued, which increases consumers’ involvement in these processes and increases awareness and interest in regular consumption of organic food.
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Arbatskiy, M. S., e A. S. Voronov. "Regenerative medicine as a new product on innovation market". Moscow University Economics Bulletin, n.º 5 (21 de setembro de 2022): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202257.
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The paper considers the state of the regenerative medicine market. The purpose of the work is to review the existing sources on the economic issues of regenerative medicine products and their introduction to the market. Due to the fact that the market for regenerative medicine is in growth stage, the number of sources is extremely limited. The review collected, analyzed and systematized data on the volume and dynamics of the market, its financing, drivers and barriers, provides a list of regulatory documents regulating the market, government support measures and opportunities for start-up entrepreneurs. The performed research characterizes the market of regenerative medicine products as a market with strong potential for growth in the next decade. The results obtained helped to identify problematic aspects of the market that require examine issues by specialized specialists. Subject to consideration of negative reviews of the federal law No. 180-FZ “On biomedical cell products” adopted on June 23, 2016, continued active state support and legal regulation, products and services of the regenerative medicine market will be able to win their niche and compete with current drugs and methods of treatment.
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Filzmoser, Michael. "Interdisciplinary Comparison of Innovation Processes – Differences, Similarities and Spillovers". International Journal of Operations Management 1, n.º 3 (2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijom.2757-0509.2020.13.4004.
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Innovation processes are of tremendous importance for economic development as they transform new ideas into products and services from which society can benefit. Different industries developed and further-developed unique innovation processes optimally fitting their specific demands. However, several aspects are be relevant to other industries, too, and their imitation could enable innovation process improvements. In this paper we perform an interdisciplinary comparison of innovation processes to identify such general tendencies as well as novel aspects that could spill over to other industries’ innovation processes.
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Li, Ang. "Research on Carbon Cost of Export Industrial Products Based on Low Carbon Economy". Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (agosto de 2014): 2035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.2035.
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Global warming has become an indisputable fact. Low carbon economy as a new economic form is regarded as the fundamental ways to solve global warming. Based on this background, firstly this paper analyzes the domestic and foreign research status of the carbon cost. Then, it studies Accounting system of industrial products’ carbon cost in export trade through three steps. Finally, it analyzes the influence of carbon cost of export industrial products in export trade in China from the energy consumption, carbon markets, export competitiveness and export structure four aspects.
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Vasylchenko, N. V. "Organic production of the fruit and small fruit products as the perspective direction in the horticulture of the Sum region". Horticulture: Interdepartment Subject Scientific Collection, n.º 75 (2020): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35205/0558-1125-2020-75-228-234.
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The state of organic fruit and small fruit products market in the Sumy region, which has been analyzed in the article, both in Ukraine and as a whole, has a positive development dynamics, because the society demands healthy food and preserving the environment. The organic horticulture of Sumy region deserves special attention and urgency, since it produces high-quality vitamin products and has a natural and economic potential to increase the share of both small fruit and fruit products. The factors have been determined under the influence of which the assortment market policy is formed. The formation of the organic products market in Ukraine and the Sumy region in particular is formed mainly to thanks external factors. The structure of the regional organic horticultural products market is due to the global trends and willingness of Sumshchyna producers to develop new segments. The internal factors include the growing demand for healthy food and improving living standards. The data about the number of operators of the regional market of organic products, are elucidated as well as their organizational and legal form and scope of activity. The production of the organic small fruit products in the region has appeared to be carried out by economic entities of different organizational and legal management forms. That has enabled to identify the problematic aspects and determine the areas of their support by the state. The problem aspects of functioning of operators of the organic fruit and small fruit market and prospects of their further development are defined. The successful model of the organic small and medium businesses in the horticulture field is the search for a potential consumer, and then direct manufacturing. At the state and regional level, attention should be paid not only to the organic market operators, but also to stimulating consumer demand for the organic products. The stimulation of the close cooperation of the agricultural education institutions in the Sumy region with the enterprises will provide training in the organic production field and solve the major problem of the organic market operators – staffing.
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Sultanli, Orman. "Economic Relations of the Caspian Sea Countries". International Trade and Trade Policy, n.º 4 (3 de janeiro de 2020): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-4-145-156.
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The article deals with the economic and political contradictions of the Caspian region. The first and most significant step towards building mutually beneficial cooperation between the five countries located on the Caspian sea coast was the signing of the Convention on the legal status of the Caspian sea of 12 August 2018 (the Convention), which defined the common interests of the countries in economic and security issues. This is only the beginning of a successful regional cooperation. Nevertheless, favorable conditions have already been created for the deepening of mutually beneficial economic cooperation and the development of new transit and transport infrastructure. Despite certain aspects of competition in the international hydrocarbon market, the countries of the Caspian region can form a joint production infrastructure based on joint concession megaprojects in order to ensure the export of petroleum products with a high share of added value. This aspect, as well as common interests in the field of security and preservation of the Caspian sea ecosystem, can become the Foundation for the creation of a new regional Association of countries. The article reveals the main issues that can be resolved through the implementation of joint mutually beneficial regional projects. In economic terms, the main obstacle is the competition of the countries of the region in the Chinese hydrocarbon market. Taking into account the capacity and potential of this market, the transition from the positions of competitors to the positions of joint supplies could be ensured by the creation of a single processing production interstate cluster.
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Yuklasova, Anastasia V. "Management aspects of ensuring competitiveness of innovative enterprises". Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management 12, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2021-12-4-80-87.
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The global knowledge-based economy is driven by innovation which is the leading force of competitiveness, growth, and profitability. The rapid changes in the requirements of consumer needs, as well as those in the technological field are drivers for disruptive and incremental innovations, which can be considered as new or improved products, processes, technologies, and managerial decisions (or a combination thereof), that have been introduced on the market or brought into use by the firm. The paper aims to systematize the key elements and factors that influence the competitiveness of innovation-active enterprises. According to international statistical guidelines and recommendations, an innovation-active firm can be defined as a company that is engaged in one or more activities to develop or implement new or improved products or business processes for an intended use. Based on a literature review, the definition of the competitiveness of an innovation-active firm as an economic category is proposed, as well as the main dimensions and prerequisites for effective management of competitive capacity of innovation-active enterprises are highlighted, that should be primarily taken into account from a management decision-making viewpoint to embed the innovation development principles into business practice in order to improve the organizational performance and strengthen the competitiveness of a company in a fast-changing business environment. As a result of the study, through an integrated approach a descriptive overview of the key components of an innovation-active firms competitive capacity is presented, namely the innovation, the organizational, the managerial, the information, and the marketing capacity.
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Lv, Yihang, e Jingjing Kong. "Research on the development of new energy industry based on A company". E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 02039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129202039.
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China’s energy development in the new era not only provides strong support for China’s sustained and healthy economic and social development, but also makes positive contributions to maintaining world energy security, coping with global climate change and promoting world economic growth. Taking domestic hydrogen listed company a as an example, this paper analyzes the theory and data from the aspects of business model, core competitiveness and financial report in 2020, and finds that even with strong competitiveness, the business performance of company a, which has no major problems in business model, has suffered losses. In the future, the company or the development industry should be improved from both internal and external aspects. At the internal level, actively and steadily improve the management quality, increase R & D efforts, optimize the project delivery process, and implement the financial intelligent transformation. At the external level, we are actively developing the market and expanding business. At the same time, we should strengthen publicity to the society and the public to guide consumers to trust and choose new energy products. The purpose of this paper is to provide some help for promoting the development of new energy industry in China.
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KOVAL, Olena. "BIOLOGICAL ASSETS IN ACCOUNTING: PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS". "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", n.º 1 (41) (janeiro de 2019): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-1-9.
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The issues of accounting and information provision of management, state and social control over biological assets with genetically modified forms are considered. The method of constructing a separate account of the availability of genetically modified biological assets (GMBA) and operations on their transformations has been developed, ways of improving the quality of the P (S) "Biological Assets" and IAS 41 "Agriculture" have been identified, which lies in the rethinking of the role of agricultural activity for social and environmental and environmental factors of human development. The analysis of accounting standards has shown that in the content of P (S) "Biological Assets" and IAS 41 "Agriculture" there is no information on the procedure for the accounting and control of biological assets and agricultural products from GMOs. In connection with this, it is necessary to find an integrated approach to building a system of accounting for biological assets with genetically modified organisms, in view of increasing public requests for accounting information in the context of sustainable development. Since GMOs are the assets of all agricultural enterprises in the form of biological assets and agricultural products, for the "transparent" accounting of the enterprise it is necessary to reflect them as separate objects of accounting. Mandatory allocation of relevant analytical accounts leads to the introduction of additional articles on genetically modified biological assets in the accounting registers of accounting and statistical reporting. The accounting of biological assets with genetically modified organisms should ensure that accurate information is obtained about the quality and quantity of these assets, and the basis for their reliable assessment. More responsibly should be placed on the disclosure of information on genetically modified biological assets in the Notes to the Financial Statements. We suggest that the accumulated information on biological assets from GMOs be reflected in a separate section in section 16 entitled "Financial Results from Primary Acceptance and Marketing of Agricultural Products from GMOs and Additional Biological Assets with GMOs". The introduction of a separate section in the notes on genetically modified assets will allow obtaining the necessary operational information on these assets for management needs and for the state as a whole. Information on the biological assets of the enterprise and their biological transformations, as well as agricultural products, are reflected in the Form 50-s. "Basic economic indicators of agricultural enterprises". We consider it expedient to supplement it with another section, which will reflect the information on the composition of production and marketing of agricultural products from GMOs. The financial statements of agricultural enterprises require changes in the reflection of the reassessment of biological assets and information on the production and sale of genetically modified assets. Information on GMO biological assets is currently absent from P (S) "Biological Assets" and IAS 41, although it is significant both at the enterprise level and on the basis of the country as a whole. Therefore, we consider it expedient to supplement the contents of the provisions with the section "Environmental safety", which will specify the method of constructing a separate accounting for biological assets with GMOs. Solving the problems of accurately displaying information in accounting and reporting regarding genetically modified biological assets and their biological transformations requires the adoption of new, regulatory and legal decisions by the state. Taking into account the harmonization of Ukraine's legislation with the EU, this statement is quite logical. In this regard, we propose the standard of accounting for agricultural activities to be supplemented with the section "State support", which, in addition to the norms reflected in IAS 41, found a place and provisions to stimulate the production of biological assets and agricultural products without genetically modified organisms.From the above, we believe that at the state level, companies should be required to account for biological assets and agricultural products from GMOs in accounting and reporting. The real steps in this regard are to create, with the help of economic incentives (taxes, loans, privileges, etc.), state support to companies that provide true information on the availability of biological assets from GMOs, the quantity of GM products grown and markets for its sales. Consequently, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of a new accounting of agricultural activity, having identified the problems of its application in practice, we propose to finalize P (S) 30 "Biological Assets". The revised standard will facilitate more realistic accounting in agriculture and achievement of higher end results of activities in order to ensure the management of reliable and truthful information about the results of activities. Improvement of P (S) 30 "Biological Assets" lies in the rethinking of the role of agricultural activity for social and environmental and environmental factors of human development. The issue of "State support" and "Environmental safety" require separate disclosure in agricultural sectoral standards. The world standardization of accounting and reporting of the production of genetically modified products is also very important
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Yao, Qi, Shenjun Zhu e Yanhui Li. "Green Vehicle-Routing Problem of Fresh Agricultural Products Considering Carbon Emission". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 14 (16 de julho de 2022): 8675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148675.
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The need to reduce carbon emission to cope with climate change has gradually become a global consensus, which also poses a great challenge to cold-chain logistics companies. It forces them to implement green distribution strategies. To help the distribution companies reduce carbon emission, this paper studies two aspects—carbon tax value and investing in the freshness-keeping cost—and proposes corresponding solutions. A new green vehicle-routing model for fresh agricultural products with the goal of minimizing the total cost is proposed. To solve the model proposed, an improved ant-colony optimization (IACO) is designed specifically. On one hand, the experimental results show that the increase in carbon tax will restrict the carbon emission behaviors of the distribution companies, but it will also reduce their economic benefits to a certain extent, at the same time. On the other hand, investing in the freshness-keeping cost can help actively achieve the carbon emission reduction target, reduce the loss of fresh agricultural products in the distribution process, improve the company’s economic benefits and satisfy customers. The comparison results of different algorithms prove that the IACO proposed in this paper is more effective in solving the model, which can help increase the economic benefits of the companies and reduce carbon emission. This study provides a new solution for cold-chain logistics distribution companies to reduce carbon emission in the distribution process, and also provides a reference for government departments to formulate carbon tax policies.
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Pervov, Alexey G., Tatiana N. Shirkova e Dmitriy V. Spitsov. "Economic aspects of landfill leachate treatment using reverse osmosis membranes". Vestnik MGSU, n.º 6 (junho de 2021): 698–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.6.698-719.
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Introduction. Landfill leachates contain highly concentrated organic products of waste degradation and mineral salts. Concentrations of organic matter demonstrate high COD values up to 5,000 mg/l, concentrations of ammonium ions reach 2,500 mg/l, while the total salt content may reach 15,000 mg/l. Two to three reverse osmosis treatment stages may be needed to produce the water that meets effective regulations governing the composition of water discharged into the environment. Also, high salt content and COD values dramatically reduce the membrane capacity. The co-authors explored the use of nanofiltration membranes at the first stage of the leachate treatment in an effort to reduce membrane operation costs.
Materials and methods. The experiments, conducted within the framework of this research undertaking, allowed to identify a change in the concentrations of contaminants, dissolved in the leachates of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, as well as the reduced capacity of membranes at each stage of treatment. The co-authors have studied the alternative methods that may ensure maximal reduction of the concentrate consumption in the process of leachate treatment. Principal dependencies, derived as a result of the research, enabled the co-authors to identify the concentrate consumption rates depending on the extent of treatment focused on ammonium ions. The co-authors describe the methodology employed to identify the area of membranes at each treatment stage depending on the leachate composition.
Results. Calculations of operating costs are provided for three compositions of leachates, typical for the Moscow region, depending on the treatment methodology and further recovery of membrane concentrates.
Conclusions. Nanofiltration membranes can be used at the first stage of the landfill leachate treatment in the case of high COD and salt content. The application of nanofiltration membranes allows to reduce the concentrate consumption rate and cut operating costs. A new technology is developed to split the concentrate into two flows: the flow that has a high organic matter content, and the flow that has a high content of mineral salts, sodium and ammonium chlorides in order to facilitate the recovery of the concentrate.