Bibliografias temáticas / New approach methodologies

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "New approach methodologies"

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Publicado: 26 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 27 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "New approach methodologies"

Gow, Andrew. "Scientific Usefulness of New Approach Methodologies". Applied In Vitro Toxicology 8, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2022): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aivt.2022.29030.editorial.

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Wambaugh, John F., Jane C. Bare, Courtney C. Carignan, Kathie L. Dionisio, Robin E. Dodson, Olivier Jolliet, Xiaoyu Liu et al. "New approach methodologies for exposure science". Current Opinion in Toxicology 15 (junho de 2019): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2019.07.001.

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Kanda, Yasunari, e Yasuhiko Yukuto. "Perspectives of drug development using new approach methodologies". Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society 96 (2022): 3—B—S32–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.96.0_3-b-s32-3.

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Donohue, Mark, Tim Denham e Stephen Oppenheimer. "New methodologies for historical linguistics?" Diachronica 29, n.º 4 (14 de dezembro de 2012): 505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.29.4.04don.

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Recent research claims that analysis of lexical cognate classes for a basic wordlist can reproduce linguistic subgroups within the Austronesian family (Gray et al. 2009). The analysis is open to question in two respects. Primarily, the lexically-based classification, primed with pre-established cognate classes of the family it seeks to emulate, fails to differentiate shared retentions from shared innovations. Secondly, languages and language families typically disperse through contiguous regions (especially in the Pacific) which means that geography or social distance should be expected crudely to match phylogeny in most cases. The reproduction fails because of local borrowing between branches not closely related to each other. For instance, when we examine disjunct distributions, cases in which the phylogeny does not match a straightforward geographic spread, we can determine which of these (phylogeny or geography) the lexical cognate approach preferentially detects. Where we find a mismatch between geography and phylogeny, Gray et al.’s approach clusters languages based on human geography (that is, social distance), not linguistic subgroup. In all cases of divergence between Gray et al.’s tree and accepted Austronesian trees, the discrepancy is a product of the former representing social distance rather than historical phylogenetic relationships. In summary, the examination of lexical cognate classes is not a valid proxy for the comparative method, though it is a useful heuristic for detecting pairs of languages that are either lexically conservative, or which show the effects of later lexical diffusion (without discriminating between these two outcomes).

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Embry, M., e C. Mitchell. "P17-03 New approach methodologies to evaluate botanical safety". Toxicology Letters 368 (setembro de 2022): S227—S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.613.

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Guercini, Simone. "New qualitative research methodologies in management". Management Decision 52, n.º 4 (13 de maio de 2014): 662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2013-0592.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to deliver an introduction to the Special Issue on new qualitative research methodologies in management. Design/methodology/approach – The reasons of interest for the object of this Special Issue are explained through the discussion of a selected literature. Technological and sociological changes are considered as a source of new problem and new opportunities for management and management research. The traditional methods are put under strain by these changes and epistemological implications are considered. Findings – New qualitative methodologies analyzed in the Special Issue are characterized by drivers including hybridization with others methods, both qualitative and quantitative. New methods can contribute to reduce distance between researcher's and practitioner's context. Originality/value – A frame to analyze the new qualitative management research through the papers published in the Special Issue.

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Gašparík, Jozef, Borna Abramović e Martin Halás. "New Graphical Approach to Railway Infrastructure Capacity Analysis". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2015): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i4.1701.

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A variety of methodologies are being used across Europe for the estimation of railway infrastructure capacity. This paper introduces the basic principles of the methodologies used – analytical methodology (e.g. Slovak railways), UIC methodology, and the graphically developed methodology of the Department of Railway Transport, University of Žilina (KŽD). On the basis of these new approaches, the occupation time estimation is researched. This new method is based on a graphic approach that uses operational time intervals as part of occupation time in accordance with the Slovak methodology. The new methodology concerns graphic capacity estimation and is a conceptual framework developed by the authors for easier evaluation of occupation time in train traffic diagrams.

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Нанба, Сария, Sariya Nanba, Юрий Тихомиров, YUriy Tikhomirov, Фатима Цомартова e Fatima Tsomartova. "Social Concept of Law: A New Approach". Journal of Russian Law 2, n.º 8 (22 de setembro de 2014): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5274.

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Social conception of right is presented in the article. The aims of conception it is been forming of behavioral mechanism of law, and also combination of private and public interests. On the basis of social conception of right the models of her realization are offered: “conservative”, “pessimistic”, “optimistic”. Elements are offered models that are the form of expression of substantive provisions to conception. Elements it is been: aim, social interest, measure of legitimity, methods of the socially-legal affecting behavior, self-regulation, legal consciousness and legal culture et al. Methodologies of measuring of social efficiency of the legal adjusting are also offered in the article. Authors consider actual next methodologies: level of legal knowledge, legal being informed, legal culture, relation of citizens to the right; satisfaction providing of social services; estimation of quality and availability of public organs; estimation of character and volume labour.

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Abedini, Jaleh, Bethany Cook, Shannon Bell, Xiaoqing Chang, Neepa Choksi, Amber B. Daniel, David Hines et al. "Application of new approach methodologies: ICE tools to support chemical evaluations". Computational Toxicology 20 (novembro de 2021): 100184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100184.

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Moura, S., L. Cerqueira e A. Almeida. "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: current diagnostic methodologies and a new molecular approach". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 37, n.º 8 (13 de maio de 2018): 1393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-3251-5.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "New approach methodologies"

O'Donnell, Hoare Nicholas. "Disruptive Futuring : a new design approach to addressing climate change". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/86428669-6bf5-498d-a47c-ae3f85788b2b.

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This thesis outlines the notion of 'Disruptive Futuring' as a new design methodology to addressing climate change. It is founded on making a connection between our behaviour as individuals and the environment. Since the publishing of 'Our Common Future' (Brundtland Commission.1987) major bodies have been publicly documenting the damage that climate change is having on the planet. This has been followed by the creation of United Nations Climate Change Conference international incentives including the Kyoto Protocol and national attempts including government departments and NGO projects. All have been directed to address the issue of climate change but have seen minimal success. Psychology plays a significant role in understanding and promoting human behavioural change and how we prioritise particular decisions or actions. However, until recently it has carried less weight in a design approach to solving behavioural problems in climate change. The primary issue is that climate change isn't a normal behavioural problem, and numerous psychologists including Stoknes (2015) highlight its incompatibility with innate human motivation. Newly explored areas within psychology and behavioural economics expose some of the reasons we may react to climate change with lower importance then other less damaging problems. Disruptive Futuring provides a new methodology based on thinkers such as Fogg (2002), Gilbert (2015), Dubner and Levitt. (2009), Marshall(2014), Pink(2009) and Stoknes (2015) to improve quantitative and qualitative adoption of designed interventions aimed at changing behaviours in order to accelerate human actions affecting climate change. This thesis takes a research through design approach that incorporates reflective practice. The research builds upon a literature review evaluating our connection with climate change, resulting in combining behavioural psychology with mapping and lens methods. Disruptive Futuring is presented as anew design methodology that develops new types of behavioural change using what Thaler & Sunstein (2009) describe as "Nudge" as a process to reroute people to new actions and flows in their everyday lives. These behavioural changes are achieved through framing climate change in ways humans are motivated by. Three practice-based projects pilot the methodology of Disruptive Futuring by exploring the topics of energy, water and food. These areas were selected because of their significance to our physiological requirements as highlighted by Maslow (1943). The projects result in three systems-based interventions aimed at changing behaviours that negatively impact climate change. It is observed through reflection that this methodology provides a context for designers to work in an oblique way; it has a preference to influence thinking and designing in systems; and that complex psychological concepts can be applied through designed interventions that reduce the conflict between our psychological composition and the human perception of climate change. This research explores the capability and capacity for Disruptive Futuring to bring climate change psychology into a unified way for designers to use during the conception and research stages of designing interventions, technology or services that target behavioural change, decisions making and create new ways of living to have less impact on climate change.

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Rew, Dong-Won. "New feedback design methodologies for large space structures: a multi-criterion optimization approach". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49875.

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A few problems of designing structural control systems are addressed, considering optimization of three design objectives: state error energy, control energy and stability robustness. Tradeoff relationships among these selected design objectives are investigated by solving multiple objective optimization problems. Various measures of robustness (tolerance of model errors and disturbances) are also reviewed carefully in the present study and throughout the dissertation, robust control design methodologies are emphasized. Presented in the first part of the dissertation are three new feedback design algorithms: 1) a generalized linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) formulation, 11) a generalized LQR formulation based on Lyapunov stability theorem, and 111) an eigenstructure assignment method using Sylvester's equation. The performance of these algorithms for multi-criterion optimizations are compared by generating three dimensional surfaces of wh1ch d1splay the tradeoff among the three design objectives. In the second part, a noniterative robust e1genstructure assignment algorithm via a projection method is introduced. This algorithm produces a fairly well-conditioned eigenvector matrix and provides an excellent starting solution for optimizations of various design criteria. We also present a specialized version of the projection method for second order differential equatlons, wh1ch offers useful insights to design strategies in regards to conditioning (robustness) of the eigenvectors. Finally, to illustrate the ideas presented in this study, we adopt numerical examples in two sets: 1) 6th order mass-spring systems and 11) various reduced order models of a flexible system. The numerical results confirm that multi-criterion optimizations by using a minimum correction homotopy technique is a useful tool with significant potential for enhanced computer—aided design of control systems. The proposed robust eigenstructure assignment algorithm is successfully implemented and tested for a 24th reduced order model, which establishes the approach to be applicable to systems of at least moderate dimensionality. We show analytically and computationally that constraining closed—loop eigenvectors to equal open-loop eigenvectors generally does not lead to either optimal conditioning (robustness) of the closed-loop eigenvectors or minimum gain norm.
Ph. D.
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Ellwood, A. R. "A synthetic approach to the sarain core and development of new thioamide-based methodologies". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1332893/.

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Sarain A is a marine alkaloid that was isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Reniera sarai; the alkaloid possesses antibacterial, insecticidal and antitumour properties. As a result of the intriguing structure of this alkaloid, it has quickly become a popular target for organic chemists. Arguably the most challenging part of its synthesis is the tricyclic core, which is surrounded by two macrocyclic rings. This thesis describes two separate approaches towards the core, both utilising a thia-Claisen rearrangement as a key step. The first approach involved the ring expansion of a 5,5-bicyclic aminal to form an iminium ion intermediate which could be transformed into the core. However, the inherent lack of nucleophilicity of an N-tosyl sulfonamide nitrogen atom in the bicyclic aminal made it difficult to perform the ring expansion. The second method involved a modification of an acid catalysed rearrangement previously attempted within the Porter group; in the previous approach, a differentially protected bicyclic aminal opened with cleavage of a C-NTs rather than a C-NBn bond, leading to an undesired tricyclic product. In the newly devised route, the protecting groups on the two nitrogen atoms of the bicycle were reversed in order to encourage ring opening in the desired fashion; however, the only attempt at this step did not result in the formation of the sarain core. In a different project that is related to the aforementioned research, a diastereoselective thia-Claisen rearrangement was developed which allows the formation of a key intermediate en route to the sarain core, in enantiomerically pure form. To achieve this, thia-Claisen rearrangements were carried out on several S-allyl N,S-ketene acetals bearing a stereogenic centre on the allyl portion of the molecule to give diastereomeric ratios of 2:1 to 30:1. Interestingly, introduction of a bromine atom onto the double bond of the allylic portion of the precursor increased and reversed the diastereoselectivity. Finally, following a discovery that was made whilst working towards the sarain core, a novel reaction for the high-yielding conversion of a wide range of alcohols into iodides using a thioiminium salt has been investigated and optimised. The reaction conditions are essentially neutral, no aqueous workup is required, many functional groups can be tolerated and reaction times are generally short. Furthermore, the thioiminium salt can be stored for long periods without degradation. This type of chemistry has since been further examined, and it can now be used to allow the conversion of alcohols directly into sulfide products that are precursors in Julia-Kocienski reactions.

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Martin, Brent R. "Optimization of protein and RNA detection methodologies and a new approach for manipulating protein activity in living cells". Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208094.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Jun 2, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Dias, Eduardo de Souza. "Estudo do risco sistêmico em redes interbancárias pela abordagem de sistemas complexos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100132/tde-05012016-225818/.

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O estudo econômico e financeiro vem se modificando e buscando novas metodologias. Desde a crise que se iniciou com os \"subprimes\" nos Estados Unidos em 2008 e se espalhou para as economias de todo o mundo, novas discussões de como ela poderia ter sido evitada e qual caminho deveriam os países seguir para sair da estagnação já surgem no mundo acadêmico em direção ao estudo da complexidade. Em termos econômicos, algumas críticas feitas ao estudo da economia tradicional, principalmente atribuídas ao excesso de restrições utilizados nos modelos, podem ser agora afrouxadas, uma a uma, através de modelagens baseadas em agentes. Já no entendimento e controle do risco financeiro, redes complexas prestam fundamental distinção. Os modelos até então utilizados para controle de riscos no mercado financeiro não levam em consideração o risco global, porém apenas o risco local. Muitas teorias sobre a diminuição do risco através da diversificação são aceitas e realmente produzem sistemas mais estáveis, porém com pouca resiliência, ou seja, o número de crises diminui, porém as que ocorrem são muito mais graves. Este trabalho sugeriu um modelo baseado em agentes, onde um sistema econômico simples foi construído, para ser capaz de gerar crises. Este modelo formado por firmas e demanda estocástica, utiliza bancos para simular o mercado financeiro. Tais bancos estão conectados entre si através de uma rede interbancária. Para testar os efeitos de risco sistêmico, foram realizados três testes. No primeiro aumentou-se a alavancagem máxima permitida e os bancos conseguiram obter mais lucro e maior crescimento, porém a partir de certo patamar o sistema entrou em colapso, com frequente crises. No segundo aumentou-se a conectividade média e os bancos também obtiveram maior lucro, porém com crises muito mais profundas. No aumento do índice de cluster da rede interbancária, assim como nos dois primeiros testes os bancos conseguiram maior crescimento, porém agora sem os mesmos efeitos indesejáveis causados pelo aumento do risco.
Economic and financial studies have been changing and searching new methodologies. Since the 2008 subprime crisis, which spread into economies around the globe, new discussions on how it could have been prevented, and paths which countries should follow to emerge from stagflation have been discussed by the academic world towards the complexity subject. In economic terms, some of the criticism of neoclassic economics, mainly due to excessive constrains used by its models, can now be eased, one by one, through agent based modeling. Regarding financial risk understanding and control, complex networks assume fundamental distinction. Models applied so far in financial market risk control dont consider global risk, but only the local one. Many theories on risk diversification are accepted and indeed produce more stable systems, although with little resilience, which means smaller number of crisis, but when it does occur, are more serious ones. This paper suggested an agent based model, using a simple economic system capable of generating crisis. This model was constituted by firms and stochastic demand, using banks to simulate the financial market. These banks were connected though a banking network. In order to test systemic risk, the model performed three tests. First, the maximum leverage allowed was increased and banks were able to achieve higher profits and growth, but from a certain level, the system collapsed with frequent crisis. Second, the average connectivity was increased and banks obtained higher profits, however with more severe crisis. Finally, increasing banking network cluster index, similarly to the first two tests, banks achieved higher growth, but without the undesirable effects caused by risk increase.

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Martina, SeÌbastien Laurent Xavier. "Synthetic approaches to the lobatamide family : new Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons methodologies". Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422542.

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Ortega, Carmelo, Guillermo Parilla, Balogh Katinka De, Mauro De Rosa, Olga Gimeno, Leopoldo Estol, Dora Dobosh et al. "New Approaches for Education and Training in Veterinary Public Health: The SAPUVET Projects". Bachelor's thesis, J Vet Med Educ, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13982.

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Continued contact between humans and animals, in combination with the ever-increasing movement of human and animal populations that is one effect of globalization, contributes to the spread of diseases, often with detrimental effects on public health. This has led professionals involved in both animal health and public health to recognize veterinary public health (VPH) as a key area for their activities to address the human–animal interface. Veterinarians, a profession with major involvement in this field, are in need of specific knowledge and skills to prevent and control public-health problems. As a result, VPH must be directly integrated into veterinary educational programs. At present, only few veterinary schools have specific VPH programs; in most institutions, VPH does not feature as a specific subject in either undergraduate or post-graduate curricula. SAPUVET and SAPUVETNET II are network projects supported by the ALFA program of the European Union (EU). Their main objectives are to reach a common understanding between European and Latin American universities in the definition of the areas in which VPH is important in their respective countries, and to design a harmonized training program for veterinarians in VPH, by making use of new technological applications and innovative teaching methodologies. The elaboration of educational material in combination with case studies presenting real-life problems provides a basis to apply the knowledge acquired on VPH. It is envisaged that the material and modules developed during the two projects will be integrated into the veterinary curricula of the participating universities, as well as in other partner organizations.

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Pirenne, Vincent. "New radical additions of alkylsulfonyl cyanides onto unactivated olefins : enantioselective approaches towards the total synthesis of leucophyllidine". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0438/document.

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Dans le cadre de la synthèse totale de la leucophyllidine, un alcaloïde bis-indolique, des réactions de carbo- et sulfonyl-cyanation radicalaires sans étain ont été développées. Les cyanures de sulfonyle RSO2CN, préparés à partir des thiocyanates correspondant par une nouvelle méthode d’oxydation, sont utilisés comme pièges radicalaires. Ces réactifs fragmentent en présence d’initiateur thermique (carbo-cyanation) ou par le biais de la catalyse photoredox (sulfonyl-cyanation). Dans ce dernier cas, une étude mécanistique approfondie sur le cycle photo-catalytique a été accomplie. Ces méthodologies introduisent un nitrile sur une chaîne carbonée insaturée par voie radicalaire, fournissant des intermédiaires avancés pour la synthèse totale d’alcaloïdes. Pour la synthèse asymétrique de l’eucophylline, le fragment sud de la leucophyllidine, la sulfonyl-cyanation de cyclobutènes énantioenrichis a montré d’excellentes diastéréosélectivités. Différentes stratégies d’ouverture de cycle ont ensuite été examinées
During our efforts directed toward the total synthesis of leucophyllidine, a bis-indole alkaloid, the tin-free radical carbo-cyanation and sulfonyl-cyanation of olefins were developed. The sulfonyl cyanides, acting as radical traps, were synthesized through a new oxidation of the corresponding thiocyanate. These reagents were found to fragment under thermal initiation (carbo-cyanation) or using the photoredox catalysis (sulfonyl-cyanation). A thorough mechanistic study was accomplished for the sulfonyl-cyanation. These methodologies install a nitrile onto an olefin backbone, furnishing advanced intermediates for the total synthesis of alkaloids. For the asymmetric synthesis of eucophylline, the south fragment of leucophyllidine, the sulfonyl-cyanation of optically pure cyclobutenes showed excellent diastereoselectivities. Different ring-opening reactions of the corresponding cyclobutane were then examined

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Bartella, Lucia, Sebastiano Andò e Donna Leonardo Di. "Advanced mass spectrometric approaches for the determination of food quality and development of new methodologies for enrichment of nutraceuticals in functional foods". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/1839.

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Dottorato di Ricerca in Medicina traslazionale. Ciclo XXX
The research works presented in this Ph.D. thesis are based on the nutraceuticals and functional foods research. The first part of the thesis deals with three main topics: 1. Structural characterization of new HMG-flavonoids in bergamot juice Two unknown 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl flavanone glycosides were identified and characterized by the combination of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry experiments. 2. Preparation of extracts enriched in HMG-flavonoids A novel food-grade procedure to obtain HMG-flavonoids enriched extracts with an high purity grade was developed. The purification procedure was tested on different citrus fruits, i.e. bergamot, sour orange and chinotto. 3. Development of a new procedure for the enrichment of foodstuffs in hydroxytyrosol New functional foods are presented. They were obtained by the enrichment of foodstuffs generally used in daily diet, i.e. flour, whole wheat flour and sugar, with the nutraceutical compound hydroxytyrosol. The second part concerns the development of advanced mass spectrometric analytical procedure for quality assessment of foods, through the quantification of nutraceutical compounds and the determination of target quality molecules. The works presented in this field are the following: 1. Determination of Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol derivatives compounds in Extra Virgin olive oil by Microwave Hydrolysis and LC-MS/MS analysis A novel method to determine the absolute amount of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol derivatives in EVOO samples was developed. The procedure consists in a simple and fast microwave assisted acidic hydrolysis reaction, combined with the use of liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry analysis. 2. Absolute Evaluation of Hydroxytyrosol in Extra Virgin Olive Oil by Paper Sray Tandem Mass Spectrometry A novel and fast methodology for the evaluation of the absolute amount of Hydroxytyrosol in extra virgin olive oil was set up. The method is based on the exploitation of paper spray ionization (PS) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). 3. Discriminant Analysis of Vegetables Oils by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry and Statistical Approach An innovative approach for the characterization of triacylglycerols profile of different vegetable oils was developed. The method employs the paper spray ionization technique that in combination with chemometric analysis has allowed to discriminate the extra virgin olive oil from the others vegetable oils commonly used as adulterants. 4. Quantitative Evaluation of Caffeine in beverages and drugs by Paper spray tandem Mass Spectrometry A simple and fast method for the quantification of caffeine in beverages and drugs is presented. Also this analytical procedure is based on the use of paper spray tandem mass spectrometry.
Università della Calabria

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Livros sobre o assunto "New approach methodologies"

Molz, Fred J. A new approach and methodologies for characterizing the hydrogeologic properties of aquifers. Ada, OK: Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990.

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1954-, Astrauskas Rimantas, ed. Traditional music and research in the Baltic area: New approaches in ethnomusicology. Vilnius: Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre, Department of Ethomusicology, 2005.

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Ali, Hadi. New approaches to AIDS treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Proposed clinical trial methodologies for traditional medicine. New York, N.Y: Integrative Medicine Foundation, 2007.

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Saukko, Paula. Doing research in cultural studies: An introduction to classical and new methodological approaches. London: SAGE, 2003.

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Agamagomedova, Elena, Irina Androsova, Tat'yana Babich, Anastasiya Bragina, Yuliya Vertakova, Ol'ga Nepochatyh, Mariya Klevcova, Vladimir Plotnikov, Yuliya Polozhenceva e Ekaterina Charochkina. Implementation of the state economic policy in the era of the formation of a neo-industrial society. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1836242.

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The monograph examines the implementation of state economic policy in the era of the formation of a neo-industrial society. The authors have developed new conceptual approaches, methodologies and scientifically based recommendations for the formation of new fundamental principles for the implementation of the state's economic policy in the era of technological and social transformation to ensure promising technological leadership and the creation of an "adaptive territory" in the conditions of the new industrial revolution and the digital economy, which corresponds to modern and promising trends of socio-economic development. It is intended for researchers, teachers of economic and managerial disciplines, specialists of enterprises, organizations and institutions, as well as graduate students and undergraduate and graduate students.

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1940-, Smith Peter H., ed. Latin America in comparative perspective: New approaches to methods and analysis. Boulder, Col: Westview Press, 1994.

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Sargent Noyes, Ruth. Reassessing Epistemic Images in the Early Modern World. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723350.

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This edited collection of papers explores from an interdisciplinary perspective the role of images and objects in early modern knowledge-making practices with an emphasis on mapping methodological approaches against printed pictures and things. The volume brings together work across diverse printed images, objects, and materials produced c. 1500-1700, as well as well as works in the ambit of early modern print culture, to reframe a comparative history of the rise of the ‘epistemic imprint’ as a new visual genre at the onset of the scientific revolution. The book includes contributions from the perspective of international scholars and museum professionals drawing on methodologies from a range of fields.

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Verloo, Nanke, e Luca Bertolini, eds. Seeing the City. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728942.

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The city is a complex object. Some researchers look at its shape, others at its people, animals, ecology, policy, infrastructures, buildings, history, art, or technical networks. Some researchers analyse processes of in- or exclusion, gentrification, or social mobility; others biological evolution, traffic flows, or spatial development. Many combine these topics or add still more topics beyond this list. Some projects cross the boundaries of research and practice and engage in action research, while others pursue knowledge for the sake of curiosity. This volume embraces this variety of perspectives and provides an essential collection of methodologies for studying the city from multiple, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary perspectives. We start by recognizing that the complexity of the urban environment cannot be understood from a single vantage point. We therefore offer multiple methodologies in order to gather and analyse data about the city, and provide ways to connect and integrate these approaches. The contributors form a talented network of urban scholars and practitioners at the forefront of their fields. They offer hands-on methodological techniques and skills for data collection and analysis. Furthermore, they reveal honest and insightful reflections from behind the scenes. All methodologies are illustrated with examples drawn from the authors own research applying them in the city of Amsterdam. In this way, the volume also offers a rich collection of Amsterdam-based research and outcomes that may inform local urban practitioners and policy makers. Altogether, the volume offers indispensable tools for and aims to educate a new generation of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary-minded urban scholars and practitioners.

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de Sá Caetano, Elsa. Cable Vibrations in Cable-Stayed Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed009.

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<p>The fifty years of experience of construction of cable-stayed bridges since their establishment as a new category among the classical types have brought an immense progress, ranging from design and conception to materials, analysis, construction, observation and retrofitting. The growing construction of cable-stayed bridges has also triggered researchers’ and designers’ attention to the problem of cable vibrations. Intensive research has been developed all over the world during the last two decades as a consequence of the numerous cases of cable vibrations exhibited by all types of cable-stayed bridges.<p>Despite the increased knowledge of the various vibration phenomena, most of the outcomes and research results have been published in journals and conference proceedings and scarce information is currently provided by the existing recommendations and codes. <p>The present book provides a comprehensive survey on the governing phenomena of cable vibration, both associated with direct action of wind and rain: buffeting, vortex-shedding, wake effects, rain-wind vibration; and resulting from the indirect excitation through anchorage oscillation: external and parametric excitation. Methodologies for assessment of the effects of those phenomena are presented and illustrated by practical examples. Control of cable vibrations is then discussed and state-of-art results on the design of passive control devices are presented. <p>The book is complemented with a series of case reports reflecting the practical approach shared by experienced designers and consultants: Yves Bournand (VSL International), Chris Geurts (TNO), Carl Hansvold (Johs. Holt), Allan Larsen (Cowi) and Randall Poston (WDP & Associates).

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International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems (13th 2000 New Orleans, La.). Intelligent problem solving: Methodologies and approaches : 13th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE 2000, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, June 19-22, 2000 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2000.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "New approach methodologies"

Yang, Wenzhu, Xiaolan Zhao, Sile Wang, Liping Chen, Xiangyang Chen e Sukui Lu. "A New Approach for Greenness Identification from Maize Images". In Intelligent Computing Theories and Methodologies, 339–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22180-9_33.

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Daniel, Díez Álvarez, Væhrens Lars e Berger Ulrich. "Clustered Problems and Machine Learning Methodologies: A New Approach". In Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems, 440–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_50.

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Retière, Nicolas, Delphine Riu, Mathieu Sautreuil e Olivier Sename. "The Robustness: A New Approach for the Integration of Energetic Systems". In Systemic Design Methodologies for Electrical Energy Systems, 125–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118569863.ch4.

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Randazzo, Vincenzo, Giansalvo Cirrincione e Eros Pasero. "A New Unsupervised Neural Approach to Stationary and Non-stationary Data". In Advances in Data Science: Methodologies and Applications, 125–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51870-7_7.

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Dogan, Onur, e Ufuk Cebeci. "An Integrated Quality Tools Approach for New Product Development". In Techniques, Tools and Methodologies Applied to Quality Assurance in Manufacturing, 3–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69314-5_1.

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Rijo, Cátia. "Graphic-Semantic Expression Map: A New Approach in Design Teaching Methodologies". In Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 253–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32415-5_19.

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Van Cauwenbergh, Nora, Raffaele Giordano, Philippe Le Coent, Elena López Gunn, Beatriz Mayor e Peter van der Keur. "The Natural Assurance Schemes Methodological Approach – From Assessment to Implementation". In Water Security in a New World, 385–405. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25308-9_19.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses the methodological approach for natural assurance schemes (NAS). We developed and applied methodologies and strategies to increase the readiness in technology (TRL), institutions (IRL) and investment/financing (IVRL) and illustrated them in contrasting case studies. To assess how readiness is crafted to effectively green water risk reduction and water security plans, we propose an integrated analytical framework that builds on participatory adaptive planning approaches. Through an ex-post expert assessment of NAS implementation in 9 case studies, we demonstrate how methodologies and strategies to increase TRL, IRL and IVRL can contribute to operationalization of NAS under a wide range of contexts and boundary conditions. Case studies have (1) varying biophysical conditions, spatial scale and vulnerability to water related natural hazards that require diverse NAS approaches, but also (2) varying readiness levels for implementation of nature based solutions in NAS. Institutional readiness is generated throughout the entire planning process, through a combination of joint assessment of risk perceptions and the institutional set-up as well as facilitation of awareness and agreement on responsibilities. Investment readiness is generated through the generation of the NAS business canvas and can be translated into investment plans built around the 5 business cases proposed in the Financing Framework for water security. We illustrate that for nature-based solutions (NBS) to be integrated in water security and climate adaptation strategies effectively, the NAS approach needs to craft readiness at all levels, tailoring an integrated set of methods and tools available through a collaborative process with stakeholders.

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Napier, Jemina, e Sandra Hale. "Exploring mixed methods in interpreting research". In Introducing New Hypertexts on Interpreting (Studies), 22–43. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.160.02nap.

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Much of the research into community interpreting has used different methodologies in order to test or explore the same phenomena from different perspectives (Hale and Napier 2013). This approach is typically referred to as mixed-methods or multi-method research. Pöchhacker (2011) considers that the use of mixed methods in interpreting research is appropriate in order to account for the complexity of interpreting processes and practices. This chapter presents an overview of interpreting research methodologies and explores the meaning of mixed methods. It then discusses a mixed-methods, longitudinal multi-stage project comprising a series of studies conducted by the authors that investigated the feasibility of deaf signers serving as jurors using professional sign language interpreting services. By showcasing our own studies and why these interlinked projects employed mixed methods, we highlight the benefits of exploring various approaches to interpreting research generally.

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Mulligan, Mark, Sophia Burke, Caitlin Douglas e Arnout van Soesbergen. "Methodologies to Assess and Map the Biophysical Effectiveness of Nature Based Solutions". In Water Security in a New World, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25308-9_4.

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AbstractNature based solutions to mitigate flooding (Natural Flood Management, NFM) can help address persistent flooding on smaller rivers that are beyond the reach of governmental grey infrastructure flood protection schemes and can also contribute to ‘green-grey’ solutions for larger rivers, recognising the many co-benefits of such nature-based solutions for nature and society. It is, however, vital that NFM interventions are carefully designed and fully tested for their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness so as not to waste valuable flood mitigation resources and to ensure that these solutions do not themselves exacerbate risks or become expensive to scale or maintain. Only through accessible, low cost approaches can this be achieved since each NFM project is usually rather small scale, low budget and unique in design and context.This chapter introduces newly developed methods for assessing the effectiveness of NFM with a focus on low-cost and open-access solutions. It highlights the opportunities and challenges of different monitoring and modelling methods, from physically-based spatial scenario models for assessing impacts of NFM interventions on flood risk to downstream assets, to using networks of low-cost environmental monitoring stations for direct measurement of effectiveness of specific interventions. Modelling is best suited to large scale strategic assessment of the optimal type, magnitude and locations of interventions, whereas assessment of the effectiveness of specific interventions is best achieved through a measurement approach or – where that is not possible – space-for-time substitution with comparable sites for which the intervention has already been applied and its effectiveness tested.

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Di Stasio, Margherita, e Beatrice Miotti. "Perspectives for School: Maker Approach, Educational Technologies and Laboratory Approach, New Learning Spaces". In Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments, 3–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77040-2_1.

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AbstractTechnology has become an ordinary, constituent element of today’s world. Therefore, digital skills are not only important, but ultimately necessary for all. This makes it mandatory for school and educational research to construct learning paths with an educational rather than a training approach to technology. The purpose of school is not to prepare students to be users of an instrument, but, above all, to kindle in them an awareness of the process that can stem from creation. This chapter aims to highlight some of the topics emerging from international discussion on school and learning methodologies. First, one of the interesting topics is the Maker approach and productive partnerships with schools, including in relation to the original concept of craftsmanship, forerunner of the term “maker”. Second, educational robotics and the laboratory as tools for improving deep learning, abstract thinking and problem-solving skills, without forgetting to look at the ethical and social issues of introducing robots into our lives. Third, learning spaces and new school buildings have to meet the changing paradigms of learning approaches. There are countless opportunities for improving digital skills and methodological approaches. Teachers should be aware of all these possibilities and be ready to get training and apply them in their everyday lessons.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "New approach methodologies"

Oliveira, Neusa, Ligia Urbina, Wilson Cabral Souza Jr. e Tertuliano Pinto. "NEW METHODOLOGIES IN ENGINEERING TEACHING: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH". In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.2336.

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Rowan, Emma, Anne Leung, Katie O‘Rourke e Konstantinos Grintzalis. "New Approach Methodologies: Physiological Responses of Daphnids to Pharmaceutical Mixtures". In IECTO 2024. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024102046.

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Baldo, Nicola, Federico Maguolo e Marco Miozzo. "A new approach to simulating PHY, MAC and routing". In 3rd International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools. ICST, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.valuetools2008.4441.

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Kasodhan, Rashmi, e Neetesh Gupta. "A New Approach of Digital Signature Verification based on BioGamal Algorithm". In 2019 3rd International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccmc.2019.8819710.

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Omheni, N., F. Zarai, B. Sadoun e M. S. Obaidat. "New Approach for Mobility Management in Openflow/Software-Defined Networks". In 8th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006847800250033.

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Souleles, Nicos. "POSTGRADUATE ART AND DESIGN LEARNERS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES: A LEARNER-CENTRED APPROACH". In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2016.0690.

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Saenz de Miera Cuatlayol, Jose Antonio, Andrea Escobar-Bazaldua, Pilar Rodríguez-Dobarganes e Mónica Flores-Martínez. "CREATIVE METHODOLOGIES IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY HIGHER EDUCATION FOR TECHNOLOGY-BASED PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A DESIGN APPROACH". In 16th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2024.0573.

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Kornilina, Elena, e Aleksandr Mikhailov. "A new approach to the analysis proximity between the political positions of group participants". In 6th International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/valuetools.2012.250365.

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Marvin, H. "Developing new data driven models using Bayesian Network approach and machine learning methodologies". In Scientific Symposium FAIR Data Sciences for Green Life Sciences. Wageningen University & Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/fairdata2018.16261.

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M., Rajasekhar Reddy, Ravichandran K.S., Anashwara P., Aishwarya S, e Venkatraman. "A new approach to ROI based image compression using simple sliding window spatial filter". In 2019 3rd International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccmc.2019.8819690.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "New approach methodologies"

ICCVAM. Validation, Qualification, and Regulatory Acceptance of New Approach Methodologies. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, março de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/niceatm-2.

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Committee on Toxicology. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) In Regulatory Risk Assessment Workshop Report 2020- Exploring Dose Response. Food Standards Agency, março de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cha679.

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The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) and the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) held an “Exploring Dose Response” workshop in a multidisciplinary setting inviting regulatory agencies, government bodies, academia and industry. The workshop provided a platform from which to address and enable expert discussions on the latest in silico prediction models, new approach methodologies (NAMs), physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), future methodologies, integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) as well as methodology validation. Using a series of presentations from external experts and case study (plastic particles, polymers, tropane alkaloids, selective androgen receptor modulators) discussions, the workshop outlined and explored an approach that is fit for purpose applied to future human health risk assessment in the context of food safety. Furthermore, possible future research opportunities were explored to establish points of departure (PODs) using non-animal alternative models and to improve the use of exposure metrics in risk assessment.

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Osborne, Olivia, Claire Potter, Alan Boobis e Cath Mulholland. UK FSA COT Paving the way for a UK Roadmap-Development, Validation and Acceptance of New Approach Methodologies Workshop summary (2021). Food Standards Agency, fevereiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.dgl473.

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The workshop took place online on the 6th and 7th of October 2021 (Figure 2). It had worldwide participation with attendees from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies. The days were divided into different area sessions: Drivers vs Challenges: Formulate the Problem Space; The right data/the value of data; Adopters of change: Innovation vs Adoption vs Compatibility; From basic to Applied-Science & Technology: Distil, Review, Validate; Paving the way for the paradigm shift: The UK Roadmap. Each of the sessions had presentations followed by a roundtable discussion and included interactive sessions (Figure 3).

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Raw, Silvia, e Jose Ignacio Sembler. Approach Paper: Evaluation of the Fund for Special Operations During the Eighth Replenishment (1994-2010): Part II. Inter-American Development Bank, março de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010424.

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OVE has carried out two Fund for Special Operations (FSO) evaluations. The first, "Oversight Note on the Performance Criteria for Allocating Concessional Resources" (RE-279), was presented to the Board of Executive Directors in 2003 and provided a preliminary review of the new performance-related allocation criteria introduced in 2002. In October 2010 OVE presented the "Evaluation of the Fund for Special Operations during the Eighth Replenishment (1994-2010) - Part I" (RE-376), in anticipation of the FSO replenishment through IDB-9. This document focused primarily on the implications of the changing methodologies for allocating FSO resources. The objective of this evaluation is to complete the assessment of the performance of IDB's FSO loan program during the period of the Eighth Replenishment (1994-2010), focusing as stated in RE-376 on financing and results.

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Osborne, Olivia, Cath Mulholland, Sophy Wells e Alan Boobis. Evolving Our Assessment & Future Guiding Principles Workshop Report (2023). Food Standards Agency, fevereiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.qpo647.

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1.The Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) held a workshop to start work on updating their guidance on toxicity testing and its supporting principles. The starting point for the process is to use existing frameworks and guidance but with the aim of introducing innovative improvements where appropriate. 2.The workshop aimed to identify areas where guidance needs to evolve and included reviewing fundamental risk assessment principles, current guidance on risk assessment and what can be learned from it, integration of new approach methodologies, exploring hazard vs risk and weight of evidence. 3.The overall objective was to discuss how the Committee moves forward in a new era of risk assessment.

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Pakhira, Deblina, e Judi Fusco. Designing for the future of research: Putting equity-relevant research into practice with scenarios and personas. Digital Promise, outubro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/163.

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SEERNet, a hub of five digital learning platforms (DLPs), either in K-12 or higher education, are enabling researchers with capabilities to conduct research and collect data on large numbers of students. Based on the new Standard for Excellence in Education Research (SEER Standards) around Equity, we propose that researchers should consider future-oriented approaches and methodologies to conduct equity-relevant research using DLPs. Taking a future-oriented approach, we created scenarios and personas to help us envision an equitable and inclusive future. Scenarios and personas are tools that may help center equity in research. We make three additional recommendations to bring new perspectives into future-oriented, equity-relevant research practices. First, include diverse research perspectives. Second, engage teachers, students, and families as partners in research. Third, minimize bias. In SEERNet, we invite the research community to join in future conversations as we continue to consider personas and future-oriented scenarios and see what they can help us understand and do.

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Gonzalez Diez, Verónica M., e Lourdes Alvarez. Thematic Note: The Challenge of Integrated Watershed Management: Analysis of the Bank's Actions in Watershed Management Programs 1989-2010. Inter-American Development Bank, outubro de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010445.

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The objective of this thematic note is to analyze IDB's actions in integrated watershed management during the period 1989-2010. The approach of the IDB's loan portfolio in this sector shifted from having an emphasis on resource management and conservation (in the 1990s) toward financial support for actions to promote sustainable development and the improvement of the population's quality of life, as well as institutional reforms through the use of programmatic policy-based loans. In general, project evaluability was found to be low. The main limitation is the lack of effective outcome indicators to measure impact. A case study is presented on the Guaíba Watershed Environmental Management Program I (1993, US$132 million), which was the only program with an integrated water resource management approach. On the organizational front, the IDB is working to create a specialized watershed management group to update the 1996 guidelines and identify new methodologies to meet the new challenges of project formulation in this sector.

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Ddiba, Daniel, Mahboubeh Rahmati Abkenar e Carla Liera. Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Sanitation and Wastewater Management Systems: A Review of Method Features, Past Applications and Facilitating Factors for Researchers, Practitioners and Other Stakeholders. Stockholm Environment Institute, julho de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2024.030.

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This report presents an analysis of seven categories of enclosure-based and open methods described previously, and discusses their applicability across different sanitation and wastewater management technologies and geographical contexts. The report’s findings, based on a scoping literature review and interviews with a selection of experts, highlight key methodological gaps and opportunities for innovation. The findings reveal the predominant use of enclosure-based methods, such as static and flow-through flux chambers, which, despite their widespread adoption, are constrained by scale limitations and potential for measurement disturbances. In contrast, emerging methodologies like optical methods and remote sensing offer new avenues for broadscale, high-resolution emissions monitoring but are currently limited by their high cost and technical demands. With this report, the authors advocate for a holistic approach to greenhouse gas measurement in the sanitation and wastewater sector, emphasizing the need for adaptable methodologies that can be tailored to the varied conditions of sanitation systems worldwide. They call for enhanced collaboration among researchers, policymakers and practitioners to foster methodological advancements and standardization, thereby enabling more effective and widespread empirical data collection. Furthermore, the report underscores the critical importance of increased funding and capacity-building efforts to democratize access to advanced measurement techniques.

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Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer e Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, julho de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.

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Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, ‎color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components ‎involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.

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Committee on Toxicology. COT FSA PBPK for Regulators Workshop Report 2021. Food Standards Agency, abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tyy821.

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The future of food safety assessment in the UK depends on the Food Standards Agency’s (FSA) adaptability and flexibility in responding to and adopting the accelerating developments in science and technology. The Tox21 approach is an example of one recent advancement in the development of alternative toxicity testing approaches and computer modelling strategies for the evaluation of hazard and exposure (New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). A key aspect is the ability to link active concentrations in vitro to likely concentrations in vivo, for which physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is ideally suited. The UK FSA and the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products, and the Environment (COT) held an “PBPK for Regulators” workshop with multidisciplinary participation, involving delegates from regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry. The workshop provided a platform to enable expert discussions on the application of PBPK to health risk assessment in a regulatory context. Presentations covered current application of PBPK modelling in the agrochemical industry for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), pharmaceutical industry for drug absorption related issues (e.g., the effect of food on drug absorption) and drug-drug interaction studies, as well as dose extrapolations to special populations (e.g., those with a specific disease state, paediatric/geriatric age groups, and different ethnicities), environmental chemical risk assessment, an overview of the current regulatory guidance and a PBPK model run-through. This enabled attendees to consider the wide potential and fitness for purpose of the application of PBPK modelling in these fields. Attendees considered applicability in the context of future food safety assessment for refining exposure assessments of chemicals with narrow margins of exposure and/or to fill data gaps from more traditional approaches (i.e., data from animal testing). The overall conclusions from the workshop were as follows: PBPK modelling tools were applicable in the areas of use covered, and that expertise was available (though it is in small numbers). PBPK modelling offers opportunities to address questions for compounds that are otherwise not possible (e.g., considerations of human variability in kinetics) and allows identification of “at risk” subpopulations. The use of PBPK modelling tends to be applied on a case-by-case basis and there appears to be a barrier to widespread acceptance amongst regulatory bodies due to the lack of available in-house expertise (apart from some medical and environmental agencies such as the European Medicines Agency, United States Food and Drug Administration, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, respectively). Familiarisation and further training opportunities on the application of PBPK modelling using real world case studies would help in generating interest and developing more experts in the field, as well as furthering acceptance. In a regulatory context, establishing fitness for purpose for the use of PBPK models requires transparent discussion between regulatory agencies, government bodies, academics, and industry and the development of a harmonised guidance such as by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) would provide a starting point. Finally, PBPK modelling is part of the wider “new approach methodologies” for risk assessment, and there should be particular emphasis in modelling both toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics.

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