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Diop, Cheikh Tidiane. "La banalisation du droit des personnes publiques : vers une refonte de la distinction droit public-droit privé ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU3016.
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L’étude la banalisation du droit des personnes publiques par le prisme de la distinction droit public-droit privé, s’inscrit dans une démarche paradigmatique d’analyse du rôle de l’État et de son droit dans la société. Elle traduit significativement la pénétration effective du droit privé et du modèle de l’entreprise dans « l’univers mental » du droit des personnes publiques. Cette infiltration manifeste une profonde crise du modèle de l’administration et de son droit conduisant à des transformations sans précédent des fins et des moyens juridiques de l’action publique et révélant, par-delà même la permanence de la crise d’identité du droit administratif et de son autonomie, l’évolution de ses sources et l’érosion de son exorbitance. Ce faisant, les mutations du droit des personnes publiques remettent-elles en question le partage fonctionnel de l’ordre juridique ? Et en filigrane, la summa divisio résiste-t-elle à l’évolution des faits et des réalités économiques et sociales ? Notre étude montre ainsi le dépassement nécessaire des limites quant à la manière traditionnelle de penser les spécificités du droit des personnes publiques et de la summa divisio au regard de la redistribution des rôles sociaux entre les sphères publique et privée et l’émergence de mouvements convergents tels que la constitutionnalisation et l’européanisation des droits qui tendent progressivement au rapprochement des droits. Elle appelle donc au-delà de la confrontation de la crise des concepts du droit administratif et de la summa divisio, à une reconsidération du mode de lecture transversale de la séparation entre deux cultures juridiques jadis opposées et aujourd’hui en cours d’ajustement pour conforter l’unité de l’ordre juridiqueThe study of the trivialization of public law through the prism of the public/private law distinction is part of a paradigmatic approach to analyzing the role of the State and its law in society. It significantly reflects the effective penetration of private law and the corporate model into the “mental universe” of public law. This infiltration manifests a profound crisis in the model of the administration and its law, leading to unprecedented transformations in the legal ends and means of public action and revealing, even beyond the continuing identity crisis of administrative law and its autonomy, the evolution of its sources and the erosion of its exorbitance. Do changes in the law governing public entities call into question the functional division of the legal system? And does the public/private summa divisio stand up to changes in economic and social realities? Our study shows that the traditional way of thinking about the specificities of public law and summa divisio needs to be transcended, given the redistribution of social roles between the public and private spheres, and the emergence of converging movements such as the constitutionalization and Europeanization of rights, which are gradually bringing rights closer together. In addition to confronting the crisis in the concepts of administrative law and summa divisio, it calls for a reconsideration of the way in which the separation between two formerly opposed legal cultures is now being read across the board, with a view to reinforcing the unity of the legal order
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Monnier, Damien. "L'Etat de contentieux : contribution à la définition du concept d'"Etat de droit" en droit administratif français". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2083.
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Véritable dogme en droit interne et s’imposant comme un standard dans l’ordre juridique international, le concept d’« État de droit » est dépourvu d’une signification clairement déterminée. Différentes conceptions sont admises et dépendent des acceptions de l’État en question, d’une garantie hic et nunc de certains droits ainsi que d’une volonté politique des gouvernants. L’objet de cette recherche s’attache au droit administratif, précisément au rôle du juge administratif, comme vecteur de soumission de l’autorité de l’État afin de promouvoir les droits et libertés fondamentales des administrés en France. Si rien ne présageait une telle évolution au nom de la raison d’État, le Conseil d’État, par une pensée politique (néo)libérale, s’est imposé comme l’institution juridictionnelle majeure dans la construction du concept d’État de droit administratif. Au moyen d’une interprétation formelle et substantielle du principe de légalité, l’État de droit administratif légitime l’action publique des gouvernants tout en garantissant la sécurité juridique des administrés. Cette liaison de l’État et du droit administratif relève d’une construction inépuisable, appréhendée par l’État de contentieux qui s’analyse comme le kaléidoscope des faits sociaux. Ce dernier résulte d’une politique de la force, d’un conflit positif entre les Hommes, les institutions, les normes ou les pouvoirs institués. Ainsi, en conciliant l’Autorité et la Liberté, le concept d’État de droit administratif révèle le degré d’assujettissement de l’administration au droit administratif. Le développement objectif du concept d’État de droit administratif est bâti par l’État de justice et protégé par l’État légal, au profit d’une justice administrative garante des valeurs républicaines de l’État. Le perfectionnement de l’État de droit administratif par l’État de contentieux est agencé par l’État démocratique et régulé par l’État global, en libérant l’administré de toute servitude de la part de l’administration. L’illibéralisme administratif s’estompe au profit d’une société de(s) droit(s), d’une juridicisation et d’un normativisme absolus, au détriment de l’ÉtatThe Rule of law concept is a real domestic law dogma and has established itself as a norm in the international judicial order. It is beneft of a clearly defined signification. Different concepts are accepted and depend on the agreements of the state, on a hic et nunc warranty of some rights as well as the rulers political will. This study aims to consider the administrative law, and more specifically the administrative judge’s role, as a means of control over the authority of the state so as to promote the rights and fundamental freedoms of the constituents in France. Even if nothing could portend such an evolution on the account of the state, the Conseil d’État, through a (neo)liberal political influence, became major judicial institution which builds the concept of domestic rule. The administrative juridiction legitimizes the public action of the governments while ensuring the legal security of the constituents through a formal and substantive interpretation of the principle of legality. This relation on between the state and the administrative law state of litigation which can be analyzed as a kaleidoscope of social facts. This stems from a power policy, of a positive conflict between men, the institutions, the normes or the instituted powers. Therefore, by accommodating authority and freedom, the administrative jurisdiction exposes the extent to which the administration is subjected to the administrative law. The objective construction of the administrative Rule of law allows the setting up of an administrative justice, which guarantees the republican values of the State thanks to legal Justice and Legal State. The upgrading of the administrative Rule of law by the democracy provide some freedom to the people vis-à-vis the state. The lack of liberalism fades away in favour of a litigious society, juridification and normatism to the detriment of the state
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Myronets, O. M., V. V. Poberezhniuk e V. O. Babich. "BRITISH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW". Thesis, Молодіжний науковий юридичний форум: [Матеріали міжн. наук.-практ. конф. До дня науки, м. Киїів, НАУ, 18 травня 2018р.] Том 1.- Тернопіль: Вектор, 2018. С. 132-134, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/34639.
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Landa, César. "The constitutionalization of administrative law". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/110103.
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The link between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law, branches of Public Law, is undeniable. It is even more patent currently with the phenomenon of the constitutionalization of Law.In this article, the author analyses this phenomenon in the field of Administrative Law, the administrative-constitutional principles, and examines how various institutions of Administrative Law have been constitutionally configurated,outlined and controlled in Peru, for which he goes over the most important jurisprudence of the Peruvian Constitutional Court regarding the matter.La vinculación entre el Derecho Administrativo y el Derecho Constitucional, ramas del Derecho Público, es incuestionable. Ello es incluso más notorio actualmente con el fenómeno de la constitucionalización del Derecho. En el presente artículo, el autor analiza este fenómeno en el campo del Derecho Administrativo, los principios constitucionales administrativos, y examina cómo distintas instituciones propias del Derecho Administrativo han sido configuradas, delineadas y controladas constitucionalmente en el Perú, para lo cual repasa la más importante jurisprudencia.
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Brown, Paul Martin. "Estoppel by representation in administrative law". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314979.
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Hardiman-McCartney, Anna Marie. "Substantive review in English administrative law". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608767.
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Mowbray, A. R. "Administrative guidance : a public law study". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19168.
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Janse, van Rensburg Sean. "Administrative Penalties in South African Competition Law". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75220.
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Competition law has been defined as the rules or provisions which aim to ensure and sustain a market where vigorous, but fair competition will result in the most efficient allocation of economic resources and production of goods and services at the lowest price. The goal, which competition law wishes to attain, is to level the playing field where both small and large firms can compete with one another, fairly and competitively, which in turn leads to a greater benefit for the consumer.
South African competition authorities consider cartels as the most egregious of all competition law contraventions because of their harmful impact upon consumers, economic development and the market. Cartel activities are formed in secret and this renders these activities more dangerous, because it is difficult for competition authorities to detect and prosecute them. In South Africa, cartels are regulated in terms of section 4(1)(b) of the Competition Act 89 of 1998, which practices are per se prohibited. Section 4(1)(b) specifically lists the following activities as cartel practices: price fixing, bid rigging and market allocation.
Administrative penalties are a common retributive and preventative tool in numerous jurisdictions, including South Africa, which are imposed on firms which participate in cartel activities. Section 59 of the Competition Act postulates that an administrative penalty may be imposed by the Tribunal on a contravening firm, should it be found that such firm has engaged in such prohibited practices.
The penalty may be determined and enforced in one of two ways, either unilaterally by the Competition Tribunal in terms of section 59 of the Competition Act, or in terms of a consent agreement concluded between the contravening firms and the Competition Commission, which agreement needs to be approved and enforced by the Tribunal in terms of Section 58 of the Competition Act.
The primary objective of the imposition of administrative penalties on cartelists is to both prevent and deter cartel behaviour. It is not a perfect system and has faced its challenges over time. The issues which the competition authorities have had with the imposition of administrative penalties relates to, inter alia, the quantification thereof, the enforcement thereof and the economic and social impact that such penalties have on the contravening firms, its employees and the consumers in general.
This dissertation will interrogate the manner in which the competition authorities have approached the imposition of administrative fines. The focus will be on fines imposed for cartel conduct as set out in section 4(1)(b) of the Competition Act. The objective is to determine whether South Africa’s approach to the imposition of administrative fines is in need of reform, and if so, to make suitable recommendations.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Baca, Oneto Víctor Sebastian. "The favorable retroactivity in administrative law penalties". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107910.
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An issue that has always caused controversy, both in the theory and in the practice, is the application of the law over time, which becomes more complex in terms of its non-retroactivity or retroactivity. In the present article, the author develops theretroactivity of the most favorable rule principle. First, the author describes the concept and fundamentals of retroactivity. Then, he reports its normative support and its delimitation. Finally, the author exposes the most discussed and controversial assumptions on its application and non-application, making parallels with its regulation in Spain.Un tema que siempre ha causado controversia, tanto en la teoría como en la práctica, es la aplicación de la norma jurídica en el tiempo, la cual se complejiza en cuanto a su irretroactividad o retroactividad. En el presente artículo, el autor desarrolla el principio de la retroactividad de la norma más favorable. En primer lugar, describe el concepto y fundamentos de la retroactividad. A continuación, informa sobre su sustento normativo y su delimitación. Finalmente, expone los supuestos discutidos sobre su aplicación e inaplicación, haciendo un paralelismo con su regulación en España.
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Миронець, Оксана Миколаївна. "FUNCTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN AVIATION SPHERE". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/13014.
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In the article the author investigates the functions of administrative law in the sphere of aviation. The question of the legal nature of the rules about offences on air transport in accordance with the functional orientation, that are in the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences, was discussed.
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Lin, Ching-Lang. "Arbitration in administrative contracts : comparative law perspective". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0023/document.
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Il a été longuement discuté de savoir si le système d'arbitrage est applicable pour régler les litiges administratifs qui concernent certains contrats administratifs ou d’autres sans rapport avec le contrat administratif. Dans cette thèse, les trois questions spécifiques sont analysées tour à tour : (1) Est-il possible pour un arbitre ou un tribunal arbitral de trancher des questions relevant du droit administratif? (2) Y a-t-il, ou devrait-il y avoir, des limitations à l'autorité des arbitres et des tribunaux arbitraux? (3) Enfin, après la délivrance d'une sentence arbitrale, quel rôle devrait jouer l'État dans la phase de contrôle judiciaire? La première question concerne l'arbitrabilité et a été discutée dans la première partie (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). La deuxième question a été discutée dans la deuxième partie (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Enfin, sur la dernière question a fait l’objet d’une troisième partie (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). Dans cette thèse, nous avons comparé les systèmes de quatre pays (Canada, Chine, France, Taïwan). En conclusion, nous pouvons donc conclure que l’évolution de la conception du contrat administratif implique de nombreux aspects, y compris les aspects juridiques, économiques, politiques et même culturels. Le développement de la fonction de contentieux administratif, comme ‘’subjectivement orienté" ou "objectivement orienté" aura une incidence sur l'acceptation de l'arbitrage en matière administrative. Dans l'ensemble, l'arbitrage sera plus acceptable dans les systèmes dont la fonction est plus ‘’subjectivement orientée" que dans ceux dont la fonction est "objectivement orientée"While arbitration has traditionally been considered as a means to resolve private disputes, its role in disputes involving administrative contracts is a crucial question in administrative law. In brief, the three specific questions are (1) Can arbitrators or arbitral tribunals decide issues involving administrative law? and (2) Is there, or should there be, any limitation on the authority of arbitrators or arbitral tribunals? (3) Moreover, after the issue of an arbitration award, what role should the State play in the judicial review phase? The first question, the issue of arbitrability, is discussed in part 1 (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). The second question will be discussed in part2 (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Finally, on the question of what happens after the arbitration award, we will discuss judicial review in part 3 (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). We compare legal systems between the four countries: in France, in Canada, in China and in Taiwan. We believe that an administrative contract, at least in its function and conception, is gradually becoming different from a private contract. Innovation with respect to administrative contracts will also reflect the concentration and function of the administrative litigation systems in each country. In addition, the “objective” or “subjective” function of administrative litigation will also affect the degree of arbitrability, as well as arbitration procedures. Taken together, arbitration will be more acceptable in systems whose function is more “subjectively oriented” than in those whose function is “objectively oriented". Finally, “the arbitration of administrative matters” traditionally has been an important question in administrative and arbitration law. In the future, we will continue to see it shine in the doctrine and jurisprudence of both the administrative and arbitration law fields
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Nguyen, Van Quang. "GROUNDS FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION: AN ANALYSIS OF VIETNAMESE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW". 名古屋大学法政国際教育協力研究センター(CALE), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20098.
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Halliday, Simon. "Judicial review and administrative justice : a study of administrative decision-making in three local government homeless persons units". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366939.
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Loots, Barbara Evelyn. "Public employment and the relationship between labour and administrative law". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6683.
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Thesis (LLD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of this study is the rights-based normative overlap of labour and administrative law in public employment. As the judiciary appeared to be unable to agree on a unified approach to the application of the rights to fair labour practices and just administrative action to public employment, it was clear that the complexity and multi-dimensional character of the debate required analysis of existing approaches to the regulation of the public employment relationship. The following initial research question was formulated: To what extent does (and should) the constitutionalised rights to fair labour practices (s 23) and just administrative action (s 33) simultaneously find application in the regulation of public employment relationships? In answering this question, certain realities had to be acknowledged, the most important being that the debate in question jurisprudentially revealed itself to be a jurisdictional turf-war between the Labour and High Courts, rather than proper consideration of the relevant substantive arguments and underlying normative considerations. This called for an additional dimension to be added to the research question, namely consideration of the extent to which the ss 23 and 33 rights are informed by variable and possibly different normative principles and whether these rights allow for cooperative regulation of public employment in accordance with the doctrine of interdependent fundamental rights. This became the primary focus of the study. In an attempt to simplify the debate, a deliberate decision was taken to limit the scope of the normative study to South Africa with its own historic influences, structures and constitutional considerations. The study shows that both labour and administrative law (as constitutionally informed) share concern for equity-based principles. This is evident from the flexible contextually informed perspectives of administrative law reasonableness in relation to labour law substantive fairness, as well as a shared concern for and approach to procedural fairness. Once simplified, and in the absence of any undue positive law complexity, the public employment relationship, at both a normative and theoretical level, furthermore shows no substantive status difference with private employment relationships. It is, however, accepted that there are job and sector-specific contextual differences. In the absence of substantive normative conflict between these branches of law and in the absence of a fundamental (as opposed to contextual) difference between public and private employment, there appears to be no reason to ignore the constitutional jurisprudential calls for hybridity, otherwise termed the doctrine of interdependence. The idea of normatively interdependent rights expresses the Constitution’s transformative vision (through the idea of flexible conceptual contextualism) and recognises that human rights may overlap. This also means that where such overlap exists, rights should be interpreted and applied in a mutually supportive and cooperative manner that allows for the full protection and promotion of those rights. In giving expression to the interdependent normative framework of constitutional rights, these norms (absent any substantive rights-based conflict) should then be used by the judiciary as an interpretative tool to align specific labour law and general administrative law in the regulation of public employment relationships.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie studie is die regsgebaseerde normatiewe oorvleueling van arbeids- en administratiefreg in die openbare diensverhouding. Aangesien dit blyk dat die regsbank nie kon saamstem oor ‘n eenvormige benadering tot die toepassing van die regte op billike arbeidspraktyke en regverdige administratiewe optrede op die openbare diensverhouding nie, het die kompleksiteit en multi-dimensionele karakter van die debat dit genoodsaak om bestaande benaderings tot die regulering van die openbare diensverhouding te analiseer. In die lig hiervan is die volgende aanvanklike navorsingsvraag geformuleer: Tot watter mate vind die grondwetlik neergelegde regte tot billike arbeidspraktyke (a 23) en regmatige administratiewe optrede (a 33) gelykmatig toepassing in die regulering van die openbare diensverhouding en tot watter mate hoort die regte gelykmatig toepassing te vind? In antwoord op die vraag is sekere realiteite geïdentifiseer, waarvan die belangrikste is dat die debat in die regspraak grootliks neergekom het op ‘n jurisdiksionele magstryd tussen die Arbeids- en Hooggeregshowe, eerder as werklike oorweging van die relevante substantiewe argumente en onderliggende normatiewe oorwegings. Dit het die byvoeging van ’n verdere dimensie tot die navorsingsvraag genoodsaak, naamlik oorweging van die mate waartoe die aa 23 en 33 regte deur buigsame en moontlik verskillende normatiewe beginsels beïnvloed word, en ook of hierdie regte ruimte laat vir mederegulering van die openbare diensverhouding in terme van die leerstuk van interafhanklikheid van fundamentele regte? Laasgenoemde het die primêre fokus van die studie geword. In ‘n poging om die debat te vereenvoudig, is doelbewus besluit om die strekking van die normatiewe studie te beperk tot Suid-Afrika, met eiesoortige historiese invloede, strukture en grondwetlike oorwegings. Soos die normatiewe studie ontvou het, wys die studie dat beide arbeids- en administratiefreg (soos grondwetlik beïnvloed) ‘n gemeenskaplike belang in billikheids-gebaseerde beginsels openbaar. Daar is ‘n versoenbaarheid tussen die kontekstueel beïnvloedbare en buigsame redelikheidsperspetief van die administratiefreg, soos gesien in vergelyking met substantiewe billikheid in die arbeidsreg. Voorts heg beide die arbeids- en administratiefreg ‘n gemeenskaplike waarde aan, en volg beide ‘n gemeenskaplike benadering tot, prosedurele billikheid. Terselfdertyd, en in die afwesigheid van onnodige positiefregtelike kompleksiteit, blyk daar op beide ‘n normatiewe en teoretiese vlak geen substantiewe verskil in status tussen die openbare diensverhouding en die privaat diensverhouding te wees nie. Dit word egter aanvaar dat daar wel werk- en sektor-spesifieke kontekstuele verskille bestaan. In die afwesigheid van substantiewe normatiewe konflik tussen die twee vertakkinge van die reg en in die afwesigheid van ‘n fundamentele (in vergelyking met kontekstuele) verskil tussen diensverhoudings in die openbare en privaatsektore, blyk daar geen rede te wees om die grondwetlike jurisprudensiële vereiste van hibriditeit, ook genoem die leerstuk van die interafhanklikheid van grondwetlike regte, te ignoreer nie. Die idee van normatiewe interafhanklike regte gee uitdrukking aan die Grondwet se visie van transformasie (via die idee van buigsame konsepsuele kontekstualisme) en erken dat menseregte soms oorvleuel. Dit beteken ook dat waar so ‘n oorvleueling bestaan, regte ïnterpreteer en toegepas moet word in ‘n wedersyds ondersteunende en samewerkende wyse wat voorsiening maak vir die volle beskerming en bevordering van daardie regte. Erkenning van die interafhanklike normatiewe raamwerk van grondwetlike regte hoort daartoe te lei dat die regsbank daardie norme (in die afwesigheid van regsgebaseerde konflik) as interpretasie-hulpmiddel gebruik om die spesifieke arbeidsreg met die algemene administratiefreg te versoen in die regulering van die openbare diensverhouding.
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MacPherson, Paula A. "Legitimate expectation and its application to administrative policy". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10895.
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Maree, Petrus Jacobus Hermanus. "Investigating an alternative administrative-law system in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85591.
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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation considers the question whether there are viable alternatives to the conceptual framework within which the South African administrative-law system operates, given that the administration now functions under new constitutional demands and new approaches to administrative engagement. The intention is not to proffer concrete recommendations for such a system, but only to propose an approach by means of which questions concerning the legal regulation of the administration and administrative function may be addressed. The dissertation introduces the concept of the contextualised administrative-law system. This concept emphasises the legal relationship between the public administration and the judiciary, but is not limited to this relationship. The administrative-law system does not operate in a vacuum, though, and is informed by the conceptual framework within which the system operates. The system is also a function of its geo-political and socio-economic context. The historical development of the doctrine of separation of powers, as one aspect of the conceptual framework, is traced. Thereby the normative, dynamic and flexible nature of the doctrine is established. On this basis, the potential and value of a fourth branch, the administration, within the separation-of-powers doctrine is assessed. By implication, the administrative function would constitute a fourth, distinct function in addition to the legislative, executive and judicial functions. The concept of the administrative-law system is consequently applied to the South African context. Firstly, the development of the South African system is outlined and, secondly, the administrative-law relationship is analysed. This discussion establishes that the system is characterised by an embryonic administrative law, the equating of administrative law and judicial review, an emphasis on the rule-of-law or “red-light” approach to administrative regulation, a rhetoric of deference, and the supremacy of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Therefore, the system must be informed by the Constitution and, arguably, by Karl Klare’s project of transformative constitutionalism and Etienne Mureinik’s “culture of justification”. The content of the separation of powers is also investigated by means of an historical analysis of the considerations that rationalise the existence of an independent administrative jurisdiction in France. This entails an exposition of the Conseil d’État’s structure, organisation and dual function. Principles that describe the French system, other than the pure separation of powers, are discussed, namely, the duality of jurisdiction, the separation of administrative and judicial authorities, the separation of the administrative jurisdiction and active administration, the maxim “to judge the administration is still administering”, and the hybrid nature of administrative litigation. The legal regulation of public contracts can be regarded as a doctrinal perspective of the administrative-law system. The public contract is discussed as one form of administration, due to its conceptual ambiguity as a legal instrument on the boundary between public and private law and due to the administration’s increasing contractual activity. To an extent the contrat administratif of French law indicates that particular legal rules are an extension of the broader principles, considerations and institutional structures discussed in the preceding sections. This dissertation introduces an approach that emphasises the relationship between the administration and the judiciary as well as the conceptual framework within which the administrative-law system operates. Through the application of this approach to the South African context and to public contracting the key concepts and debates underlying an appropriate administrative-law system in South Africa are identified and investigated. This constitutes a platform for the development of a particular administrative-law system and an exposition of viable alternatives to the conceptual framework within which the system operates.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die vraag of daar lewensvatbare alternatiewe tot die konseptuele raamwerk van die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse administratiefreg-stelsel moontlik is. Dié vraag word gestel teen die agtergrond van die nuwe grondwetlike vereistes en benaderings waaraan administratiewe interaksie moet voldoen. Die bedoeling is nie om aanbevelings vir die bestaande stelsel te maak nie, maar eerder om ‘n benadering voor te stel waarin vrae oor die regulering van die administrasie en die administratiewe funksie geakkommodeer kan word. In die proses skep die proefskrif ‘n nuwe konsep: die administratiefreg-stelsel in konteks, wat die regsverhouding tussen die administrasie en die regbank beklemtoon, terwyl dit nie beperk is tot die verhouding nie. Uiteraard word die administratiefregstelsel beïnvloed deur die konseptuele raamwerk waarin dit funksioneer, terwyl dit verder ook ‘n funksie is van sy geopolitiese en sosio-ekonomiese konteks. Die historiese ontwikkeling van die skeiding van magte, een aspek van die konseptuele raamwerk, word bespreek en daardeur word die normatiewe, dinamiese en buigsame aard van die leerstuk bevestig. Hiermee word die potensiaal en waarde van ‘n vierde been, naamlik die administrasie, binne die skeiding-van-magte leerstuk oorweeg, met die implikasie dat die administratiewe funksie ‘n onafhanklike, vierde funksie vestig, benewens die wetgewende, uitvoerende en regsprekende funksies. Die konsep van die administratiefreg-stelsel word gevolglik toegepas op die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks. Eerstens word die ontwikkeling van die Suid-Afrikaanse stelsel uiteengesit en dan tweedens word die administratiefreg-verhouding ontleed. Hierdie bespreking bevestig dat die stelsel gekenmerk word deur ‘n onderontwikkelde administratiefreg, die gelykstelling van die administratiefreg en geregtelike hersiening, die beklemtoning van die regstaat en ‘n sogenaamde rooilig-benadering tot administratiewe regulasie, ‘n retoriek van geregtike agting, en die oppergesag van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996. Juis as gevolg hiervan moet die stelsel op die Grondwet gegrond word. Daar word ook geargumenteer dat Karl Klare se transformerende konstitusionalisme sowel as Etienne Mureinik se kultuur van regverdiging die stelsel vorm behoort te gee. Die skeiding van magte se inhoud word ook aan ‘n historiese ontleding van Franse reg onderwerp om sodoende die rasionaal agter die onafhanklike administratiewe jurisdiksie in Frankryk te verduidelik. Dit behels ‘n uiteensetting van die Conseil d’État se struktuur, interne organisering en tweeledige funksie. Die beginsels wat die Franse stelsel beskryf, bo-en-behalwe die suiwer skeiding van magte, word bespreek en dit is by name die dualiteit van jurisdiksie, die skeiding van administratiewe en regsprekende owerhede, die skeiding van die administratiewe jurisdiksie en aktiewe administrasie, die leuse wanneer die administrasie beoordeel word, word daar steeds administreer, en die gemengde aard van administratiewe regsgedinge. Die openbare kontrak word bespreek as ‘n instrument van administrasie gegewe die konseptuele dubbelsinnigheid van daardie regskonsep, wat op die grens tussen publiek- en privaatreg lê, en as gevolg van die administrasie se toenemende kontraktuele aktiwiteit. In ‘n mate dui die Franse contrat administratif daarop dat bepaalde regsreëls ‘n uitbreiding van die breër beginsels, oorwegings en institusionele strukture is, soos in die voorafgaande afdelings bespreek word. Dus stel hierdie proefskrif ‘n benadering voor wat die verhouding tussen die administrasie en die regbank, sowel as die konseptuele raamwerk waarbinne die administratiefreg-stelsel funksioneer, beklemtoon. Deur hierdie benadering toe te pas op die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, en op openbare kontraktering, word die konsepte en debatte geïdentifiseer en ondersoek wat ‘n gepaste administratiefreg-stelsel onderskryf. Dit vorm ‘n basis vir die ontwikkeling van ‘n bepaalde administratiefregstelsel en die uiteensetting van lewensvatbare alternatiewe tot die konseptuele raamwerk waarbinne die stelsel funksioneer.
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Peter-Obot, Emmanuel. "Appeals in the military justice system a Nigerian case". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2664.
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This research attempts to measure the relationship between time and region on appeals with both criminal and civil cases in Nigeria during the period 1956 to 1965. The four regions studied include Lagos, Midwest, East and West by A.B. Kasunmu. Methodologically, this study employed the Univariate Box Jenkins Model, better known as the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average, which is primarily a Univariate Time Series Analysis and the Analysis of Variance, which is the final statistical analysis used in this study. The major findings of this study were that: (a) the number of civil appeals permitted during the military regimes was significantly lower than those permitted during the civilian regimes; (b) the number of criminal appeals permitted during the military regimes was significantly lower than those permitted during the civilian regimes; (c) there were significant regional differences in the number of civil appeals permitted by the Supreme Court during the civilian and military regimes; and (d) there were significant regional differences in the number of criminal appeals permitted by the Supreme Court during the civilian and military regimes.
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SAAVEDRA-BAZAGA, Alicia Isabel. "Adaptive and symbiotic : regulation at the boundaries of administrative law". Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/74743.
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Defence date: 14 July 2022Examining Board: Deirdre Curtin, Supervisor, (EUI); Joanne Scott, (EUI); Javier Barnes, (Universidad de Huelva/UPF); Joana Mendes, (University of Luxembourg)
The revised version of the PDF of 2023 contains the author acknowledgements.
In the context of a reconfigured public-private regulatory landscape, this thesis analyses, through the lenses of administrative law, regulatory activities with a public law impact. It critically assesses whether those activities are performed by non-state regulators in compliance with administrative law principles that are required for this kind of activity when performed by a public regulator. It proposes a tailored use of administrative law principles as public law control for such regulatory activities. Three separate levels of engagement with regulation are pin-pointed. First, the movement from private actors internalizing a public logic in regulation to private actors performing as regulation shapers; second, the progression from administrative law principles applied to public regulation to administrative law-like principles applied in non-conventional forms of regulation; third, the evolution from a preeminently subject-centered logic in administrative law to an increase in the use of a functional logic. These underlying trajectories will be demonstrated through three different examples of non-conventional forms of regulation: regulation through information, regulation through standards and regulation through professional codes. The presence of administrative law principles in these examples of non-conventional forms of regulation will be analysed with a focus on whether and how they contribute to governing the relationship between these non-conventional regulators and citizens. This work is structured as follows. Chapters two and three analyse administrative laws adaptative capacity, in domestic and beyond the state settings, respectively, providing the theoretical framework for administrative law. Chapter two will show how administrative law has developed in different national contexts to adapt to new phenomena over time. The adaptative capacity of administrative law will become more evident in chapter three in relation to new phenomena beyond the state, where nonstate actors are emerging as more relevant in regulatory and governance areas. Chapter four provides a theoretical framework for regulation and analyses it in relation to administrative law as portrayed in previous chapters. This chapter attempts to understand what is meant by regulation in the context presented in previous chapters. Chapter five presents three examples that illustrate the interplay between private and public rule-makers at different levels as well as the concerns that may arise from a public law point of view.
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Alrashidi, Razq. "Saudi administrative contracts and arbitrability". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25786.
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This thesis aims to provide a critical appraisal of the validity and enforcement of arbitration agreements and clauses in the context of administrative contracts. The proposed thesis will consider the potential impacts of Shariah on arbitration proceedings initiated in Saudi Arabia, with particular attention focused on the requirements of the applicable procedural and substantive laws. Drawing on the administrative systems of France and Egypt, this thesis will consider how other civil law systems have balanced the rights of private parties with the unilateral authority of public administration, and the extent to which these systems have recognised the rights of private parties to resolve disputes through the mechanisms of arbitration.
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Bednar, Jeannine. "The extent to which review for unreasonableness is meaningfully incorporated in the promotion of Administrative Justice Act No. 3 of 2000". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/320/.
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Keeler, Rebecca L. "Managing Outsourced Administrative Discretion". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/832.
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An entire body of administrative law exists to guide the administrative discretion of public administrators. Although an increasing share of public services is being outsourced to the private sector, much of administrative law is not applicable to governments’ contracted agents. Alternatively, contracting agencies use the contract instrument to guide and constrain contractors’ exercise of delegated administrative discretion. This essay reports on a study of selected Florida local governments’ contracts for residential trash collection services. Although minimal discretion was placed in contractors’ hands, it still presented opportunities for abuse. The local governments used a variety of ways to manage the administrative discretion, including the imposition of public service ethics and transparency requirements. Upon analysis of contractual grants of and constraints upon administrative discretion, some suggestions are offered for enhancing contractual management of delegated administrative discretion.
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Daly, P. "Curial deference and standards of review in administrative law". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598255.
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Why should courts defer to administrative decision-makers? What means should courts employ to ensure that they accord the right degree of deference to administrative decision-makers? When should courts defer to administrative decision-makers? In chapters 1 and 2, I explain my reliance on legislative intent and I argue that properly considered it suggests courts should be deferential to administrative decision-makers and accord them a variable degree of curial deference. I the first instance, legislatures have delegated variable extents of power to administrators, which counsels not only judicial restraint, but variable amounts of judicial restraint. In the second instance, a proper consideration of the relevant statutory provisions may reveal reasons for the delegation of power, what I call practical justifications for curial deference: expertise, complexity, democratic legitimacy, and procedural legitimacy. These practical justifications are variable in nature and should, if contained in statutes, be taken into account by reviewing courts. The arguments based on the delegation of power and on practical justification both suggest that reviewing courts should implement a variable standard of review to give effect to legislative intent. In chapter 3, I develop such a variable standard of review, I analyse the concept of reasonableness in the context of judicial review and elaborate on its internal reason and structure, thereby establishing its legitimacy. In chapters 4 and 5, I argue that the doctrine of curial deference developed in the previous chapters should have a wide scope. I suggest that the employment of complex concepts such as ‘jurisdiction’, ‘error of law’ and ‘justiciability’ as organising principles in judicial review may frustrate legislative intent. I urge instead that reviewing courts should undertaken a general inquiry into reasonableness whenever an exercise of delegated powers is impugned, except where fundamental rights have allegedly been infringed.
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Brits, Jacobus Strydom. "Die aard van die kurator se bevoegdhede ingevolge artikel 21 van die insolvensiewet / Jacobus Strydom Brits". Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1471.
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Article 21 of the Insolvency Act states that the estate of the solvent spouse transfers to
the curator of the insolvent spouse's sequestrated estate. The solvent spouse then has the
burden to request the release of property vested in the curator of the insolvent estate. In
accordance with Article 21(2), the spouse is required to prove a lawful title on the
property. Should the spouse be able to prove a lawful title on the property, the curator is
obligated to release the property. Although the constitutionality of this temporarily
"deprivation" of the solvent spouse of her rights has already been confirmed by the
Constitutional Court; it imposes drastic limitations to his/ her rights.
The Insolvency Act does not incorporate procedural measures by means of which the
curator has to establish whether the solvent spouse has exempted his/ her from the proof
burden. In the same breath, the Constitution and the Promotion of Administrative Justice
Act warrant that "everyone has the right to administrative action that is lawful.
reasonable and procedurally fair." If the curator's actions, in accordance with Article 21.
conform to the administrative procedures as set out in the Promotion of Administrative
Justice Act, the spouse shall be entitled to administrative actions which are procedurally
fair as concluded within the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act. The conclusion is
proof that the actions of the curator, in accordance with Article 21 of the Insolvency Act,
is indeed administrative by nature and that the solvent spouse has the right to
administrative actions which is procedurally fair as prescribed in the Promotion of
Administrative Justice Act, as well as the right to reasons for not being granted the
release of property.Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Watkins, Kenneth L. "Hunger, homelessness, poverty, and unemployment effects on crime: A study of twenty-five American cities". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/991.
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This thesis measured the effects of four economic independent variables (hunger, homelessness, poverty, and unemployment) on crime index reported to the police in twenty-five selected American cities. The eight dependent variables that were used in this study are murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehi cle theft, and arson.
Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression analyses were used to test four hypotheses. Both of these analyses were found not to be significantly related to the overall crime index rates. However, they were found to be signifi cantly related to individual index crime category rates.
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Glinavos, Ioannis. "Neoliberalism, law and post communist reform : the evolving role of law in Russia’s transition to capitalism". Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445720.
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MIOLA, I. ZENDRON. "Law and the Economy in Neoliberalism: the Politics of Competition Regulation in Brazil". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/239351.
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How do regulatory reforms happen, and what are their roles in the economy and society? What are the connections between institutional reforms of economic governance and neoliberalism? The purpose of this research is to answer these questions through a case study of the politics of competition regulation reform in Brazil, as crystallized in the reform of the Brazilian competition authority – CADE, the Administrative Council for Economic Defence – in 1994, and the regulatory practice inaugurated since then. Antitrust laws were imported in several countries of the global South as an integral part of the neoliberal agenda of state transformation and economic liberalization of the 1990s. In the narratives of legal doctrine, economics and even in the social sciences, competition policy reform is often depicted as an evolutionary development and a successful technological solution propelled by experts and adopted by governments to avoid the undesirable consequences of a new economic model in construction and to protect consumers. Competition regulation is frequently presented as counter-evidence to the very existence of neoliberalism as a political and economic phenomenon, and to its utility as an analytical concept. In this dissertation, through conceptual tools derived from the sociology of law, economic sociology and a critical political economy, I argue that this regulatory model is both rooted in and functional for the neoliberal project of transforming economies and societies.
Based on a trajectory study of and interviews with lawyers and economists involved in the reform and production of competition regulation, on documentary analysis, and on a quantitative and qualitative inquiry of decisions enacted by CADE between 1994 and 2010, I argue that the linkage between competition regulation and neoliberalism in Brazil can be visualized from three perspectives. First, from that of the roles of the concrete agents who performed reform and monopolized the practice of competition regulation: mostly corporate lawyers and neo-institutional economists whose educational backgrounds, professional trajectories, and political views are consistent with neoliberal theoretical and political tenets, and who shaped reform and instituted a mode of production of competition regulation accordingly. Second, from that of the profiles of economic concentrations and corporate conduct regulated through CADE’s decisions, and of how they are regulated, as well as in the disputes to determine competition policy’s jurisdiction over financial capital. In this sense, I describe how competition regulation has historically facilitated and legitimized several of the defining phenomena of a neoliberal economy: the concentration and expansion of foreign capital into a recently liberalized economy, the hegemony and concentration of financial capital, and a disciplinary attitude toward local and regional market agents, as opposed to global ones. Third, from the angle of how competition policy contributes to neoliberalism as a project that advocates for the destruction of social collectives – as exemplified in the protection of workers and employment – and for the parallel constitution of a regime of consumer citizenship. In this dimension, I assess how competition policy has defined consumers as the main and only subjects protected by regulation, while simultaneously and selectively excluding labor concerns and workers from its normative domain, even though they are directly affected by economic concentrations regulated by antitrust policy.
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K, Nilsson Annika. "Enforcing Environmental Responsibilities : A Comparative Study of Environmental Administrative Law". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-151797.
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This thesis is about the distrubution of responsibilities in the environmental law enforcement procedure, between the state and the individual environmental actor. The state and its public authorities have a fundamental environmental responsibility. This responsibility is nevertheless shared with the actors. Actor responsibilities include taking sufficient precautionary measures, and controling the own activities. This also covers responsibilities for knowledge and investigation, which are in focus in the thesis analysis. Such responsibilities are enforced by administrative authorities. Enforcement, however, also entails exercise of public power against the individual, and thus warrants proper procedure and safeguards of legal certainty. Such procedural responsibilities include ensuring decision making materials to support their exercise of authority. It also means that the authority has formulate clearly to the actor what their legal duties are, and what they need to do to avoid further enforcement. These administrative duties may entail the authority taking over the actor's information responsibilities under environmental law. Enforcement of actor responsibilities thus becomes inconsistent, or even contraproductive. This thesis comprises analysis of the meeting of environmental and administrative law in the enforcement situation. The analysis is focused on balancing effective implementation and enforcement of policy aims, and the safeguards of the individual's rights and freedoms. The aims is to find ways to coordingate instead of prioritising these objectives. The research is based on a comparative study and analysis of the enforcement systems of Sweden, the United Kingdom (England and Wales), and the Netherlands. The importance of distinguising between the different purposes and aims of the responsibilities is argued. Actor responsibilities for precaution and information should be recognised also in the enforcement procedure. A communicative enforcement procedure, and more purposive assessment of the proper distribution of responsibilities in the individual case may provide both effective enforcement and legal certainty.ENFORCE
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Mata-Garcia, Cesar R. "Applying principles of administrative law to investor-state treaty arbitrations". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3f5ed805-4065-449a-b0dd-5a3977eba8ed.
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The aim of this research is to assess an emerging public-law concern: the review of the administrative actions of a host state in investment arbitration. This research examines the extent to which the principles of domestic administrative law can be used as a legal reference for investment arbitrators to address and resolve the legal issues presented in regulatory disputes that are resolved by means of investor-state treaty arbitrations (ISTAs). In arriving at an answer to this particular question, two factors are considered: (i) the use of administrative law principles as a part of the unitised nature of the law that governs the ‘state of law’ of any democratic society; and (ii) the current crisis of legitimacy that the investor-state treaty arbitration system is facing.The thesis begins with a comparative analysis of the French and British administrative legal systems as representatives of the two most important legal traditions of the Western world (civil law and common law, respectively). This comparison identifies the common institutions and principles that are domestically used by host states to determine the legal and regulatory relationship between private actors and their public administrations (i.e., the state). It continues with conceptual and critical assessments of international investment treaties (IITs) and ISTAs, respectively, and identifies and analyzes the legal principles that have been developed in the international arena and have been used to settle international (regulatory) disputes between host states and private investors/actors. Additionally, this thesis continues with an arbitral practice review to identify the factual statements that arbitral tribunals have included in their arbitral awards and which can be framed within the scope of the main principles of administrative law previously identified. This is achieved by taking into consideration one of the main features of the current investor-state arbitration system which is the use of this mechanism to settle regulatory disputes at an international level. This latter feature is considered to be (i) analogous to domestic administrative adjudication that provides (ii) legal mechanisms to resolve regulatory disputes between host states and private individuals when (iii) the public authority of the host state is compromised. Finally, this thesis reflects upon the current investor-state arbitration system and identifies the current political, international and academic concerns that are affecting the legitimacy of this arbitral system.Given the analogy between the public law functions of the ISTA mechanism and the domestic administrative review mechanisms, both parallel levels of state regulatory review have been designed to protect private individuals from the unlawful or arbitrary conduct of the (host) state. The investment arbitration system has been designed as a temporary forum to provide private individuals with a special tool to challenge the domestic rights and privileges of the host state at the international level. This particular point shows, amongst other aspects, that investment arbitrators are arbitrators of law rather than arbitrators of equity since they are mainly required to assess the domestic regulation of the host state in accordance with the international standards of treatment contained in an IIT and in accordance with the applicable law chosen by the IIT’s contracting parties in order to determine the state’s international responsibility.This study finds that neither Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) nor the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCINTRAL) impedes or prevents investment arbitrators from applying some principles of domestic (administrative) law to ISTAs when domestic regulatory issues are at stake. A guideline as to what domestic (administrative) law principles should be applied to international regulatory investor-state disputes in conjunction with some international investment obligations has not been adequately studied in international law. Hence, the application of these principles to international regulatory disputes has been left to the discretion of investment arbitrators.Finally, due to the current concerns and questions surrounding the current arbitral system, it could be affirmed that now is the right time to initiate the practice of referring to these domestic (administrative) law principles in international regulatory disputes. Conversely, the reluctance of investment arbitrators to refer to this particular source of law can be regarded, in the long-term, as a contribution to the current crisis of legitimacy that the international investment arbitration system is facing.
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Миронець, Оксана Миколаївна. "A concept to implement a protective function of administrative law". Thesis, Актуальні питання державотворення в Україні: матеріали Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції (20 травня 2016 року) / Редкол.: д.ю.н. І. С. Гриценко (голова), к.ю.н. І. С. Сахарук (відп. ред.) та ін. – В 3-х томах. - Том 3. – К.: ВПЦ «Київський університет», 2016. – 304 c, 2016. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/28452.
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Welsh, Lucy Charlotte. "Magistrates, managerialism and marginalisation : neoliberalism and access to justice in East Kent". Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/53871/.
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This thesis examines access to justice in summary criminal proceedings by considering the ability of defendants to play an active and effective role in the proceedings. Summary proceedings are those which take place in magistrates’ courts, and are decided by lay magistrates or a district judge (magistrates’ courts) without a jury. The study uses ethnographic fieldwork to explore the structural/cultural intersection of public services by considering both the effects of structural changes in criminal proceedings in magistrates' courts and the agency of the courtroom workgroup. While the cultural practices of magistrates’ courts have always tended to exclude defendants from active participation in the process, I argue that the structural influences of neoliberalism, in terms of demands for ever more efficient practices and emphasis on individual responsibility as a function of citizenship, have exacerbated the inability of defendants to participate in the process of prosecution. I also observe that, for a number of reasons, the professional workgroup has tended to absorb and adapt to, rather than resist, the neoliberalisation of summary criminal justice. Thus, the combination of structural and cultural influences on magistrates’ court proceedings perpetuates the marginalisation of defendants. Further, in light of neoliberalism's preference for market based approaches to government, there is little political motivation to address the identified problems of access to justice.
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Manetta, Nicholas Anthony. "The implication of the principle audi alteram partem in administrative law". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386207.
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Nwabuikwu, Christian. "Genetic Identity:National DNA Database : A Communitarian Approach to Criminals' Identification". Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6815.
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Abstract
Every new scientific or technological development is often met with reactions, some positive and some negative .Same is true for the advent of any new technological innovations that could be a replacement or new applications of an older one. The advent of DNA Database and the move for its continuous expansion attracts not only Champions but Critics as well .Although the Forensic application of the currently developing DNA profiling for criminals’ identification (DNA Data base), has been accepted as a worthy technological advancement in crime detection, there has not been a unanimous acceptance on its possible expansion to include the entire population (National DNA Database) .The controversy is partly because of the social values which the NDNAD seems to undermine and partly because the NDNAD ,is never a ‘child of legislation’ , in that there is no specific ‘National DNA database Act’ which established the database, and defined what details may be stored in it or how it may be used. Instead, the database was created as a result of The Criminal Justice and Police Order Act 1994, which, though amendment of the Police and Criminal evidence Act 1984 established the condition would allow the database to be created .
It is a debate basically on public utility vs private goods. Though the controversy rages, the insistence on NDNAD establishment is solidly backed up by the expectation that the endeavour will give a wealth of information that will be very vital to the society for criminals’ detections and social control. This work based on the communitarian usefulness of the programme, demonstrates that the wealth of social benefits accompanying the NDNAD programme, outweighs the hypothetical fears of having the programme initiated. I argued for the priority of the common well being over the individual good.
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Obadina, Derek Adetokunboh. "Impact of judicial review on local authority decision-making processes". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244814.
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Śniosek, Jarosław. "Hierarchical recourse a remedy for injuries suffered from administrative acts /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p029-0693.
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McRae, Lajeunesse Virginia. "Section 7 of the Charter and administrative procedures: A renewed demand for uniformity?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7484.
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Beaudet, Christopher J. "The diocesan bishop's non-penal administrative discipline of pastors who harm ecclesiastical communion". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Tuya, John Mayani. "Unlocking the revolutionary potential of Kenya's constitutional right to fair administrative action". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28151.
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One of the remarkable features of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 is its explicit recognition in Article 47 of the right to fair administrative action as a fundamental right in the bill of rights and the replacement of parliamentary sovereignty with constitutional supremacy. These aspects of the 2010 Constitution sought to effect broad revolutionary changes to Kenya's administrative justice jurisprudence, which was previously premised in large part on the common law. The constitutional right to fair administrative action has been further elaborated in the Fair Administrative Action Act, 2015 (FAAA), which gives content to the grounds for judicial review and outlines the relevant procedure. But despite this, Kenyan courts have in most cases failed to give meaningful effect to the revolutionary potential of Article 47. In such cases, courts often revert to the limited and outmoded options under the common law, thereby disregarding the broader and more flexible pathways to judicial review of administrative action available under the 2010 Constitution. The main question to be addressed is: whether the revolutionary potential of Article 47 of the 2010 Constitution has been realized in Kenyan law and practice; and if so, how does Kenya's administrative law jurisprudence compare with that in Malawi and South Africa, comparable jurisdictions where the right to administrative justice has similarly been constitutionalized. The central argument to be made in this study is that considerable scope exists for unlocking the revolutionary potential of Article 47 by way of: i) clarifying the meaning of 'administrative action' and the new grounds for judicial review; ii) elaborating how common law-based judicial review relates with Article 47 and provisions of FAAA; and iii) articulating the horizontal effect of Article 47. Using a comparative law approach, the case is made that much can be gained by examining the best practices from jurisdictions, like South Africa, with more progressive jurisprudence that can be adopted in those, like Kenya and Malawi, which still experience problems in giving meaningful effect to the right to fair administrative action.
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Thomson, Stephen. "The constitutional basis of judicial review in Scotland". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25785.
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The thesis examines the constitutional position of the Court of Session's supervisory jurisdiction. It begins by emphasising the methodological and substantive importance of the historicality and traditionality of law. It then provides a detailed historical account of the emergence of the Court's supervisory jurisdiction, from its inheritance of supervisory functions from emanations of the King's Council to the present-day law of judicial review. Throughout, emphasis is placed on the Court's strong sense of self-orientation in the wider legal and constitutional order, and the extent to which it defined its own supervisory jurisdiction. The court was a powerful constitutional actor and played a strong role in the increasing centralisation and systematisation of the legal order, expanding its supervisory purview through a powerful triumvirate of remedies (advocation, suspension and reduction) and a comprehensive approach to the supervision of a wide range of bodies. The thesis then frames tensions between Parliament and the Court in the context of judicial review of ouster clauses, chosen as a point of heightened inter-institutional tension. This is demonstrated to be an area in which divergent visions of the constitution are evident – Parliament regarding itself as entitled to oust the jurisdiction of the Court to judicially review, and the Court regarding itself as entitled to examine and pronounce on the extent of ouster, including its limitation or exclusion. In attempting to conciliate these divergent constitutional worldviews, the thesis rejects a “last word” approach which prevails in the English judicial review literature. It considers (and rejects), as alternatives, dialogue theories and functional departmentalism. The thesis then advances constitutional narratology as its preferred analytical framework for the accommodation of those inter-institutional tensions, and conciliation of their divergent worldviews. The Court's performance of a constitutional-narratological function facilitates the integration, conciliation and synthesis of legal norms with an existing law and legal system; weaves and coagulates multifarious legal norms into a unified and univocal body of norms; and executes a chronicling, expository and explanatory storytelling function which sets a legally-authoritative narrative to the law. In doing so, the Court performs a distinctive and indispensable constitutional function incapable of fulfilment by Parliament. It is argued that traditionality and functional necessity provide the legal-systemic legitimation for the Court's performance of the constitutional-narratological function. Finally, the thesis considers the institutional specificity of the function, concluding that it is the function, rather than the institution, that is indispensable. However, neither the advent of the Upper Tribunal nor the U.K. Supreme Court suggest at this stage that the Court's performance of that function is waning.
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Voultsos, Leon. "Fairness of a dismissal from a contractural and administrative law perspective". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1288.
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Section 157 of the LRA provides for the nature and extent of the Labour Courts jurisdiction. This provision has been subjected to extensive interpretation by the Judiciary and the various interpretations of the courts have not been entirely consistent. Specific mention is made of the relevance and applicability of section 157(1) and (2) of the LRA regarding the overlap between administrative law and contractual law into labour law. Reference will be made to case law specifically dealing with cases concerning the jurisdiction of the civil courts and labour courts where cases concerning employment and labour matters were brought either in terms of the PAJA or on the basis of contract law. The question arose whether matters which appear to be quintessential labour matters but simultaneously also capable of being entertained on the basis of the PAJA or in terms of contract law are matters which, generally, in terms of section 157(1) of the LRA fall within the exclusive preserve of the Labour Court or, in terms of section 157(2) of the LRA, fall within the concurrent jurisdiction of the High Court and the Labour Court. The discussion which follows will also include reference to the current legal position pertaining to the prohibition of public sector employees from pressing their claims relating to employment or labour matters in the civil courts on the basis of the PAJA as decided in the Chirwa v Transnet Ltd (2008) 2 BLLR 97 (CC) and; the impact thereof on employees pressing claims pertaining to employment and labour matters in the civil courts on the basis of contract law. In addition the similarity of considerations which are common to both administrative law and contract law regarding the “overlap” of each into labour law will be considered and discussed. In the light of the discussion which follows agreement will be expressed with certain decisions of the High Court and the SCA where civil courts were held to retain jurisdiction to entertain common law contractual claims concerning labour and iv employment matters as opposed to restricting all employment and labour matters to the forums established under the LRA and to claims and remedies which are provided for by the LRA.
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Taratoot, Cole Donovan. "Administrative Law Judge Decision Making in a Political Environment, 1991 - 2007". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/5.
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Unelected bureaucrats make a broad range of important policy decisions raising concerns of accountability in a democratic society. Many classics in the literature highlight the need to understand agency decisions at stages prior to the final vote by agency appointees, but few studies of the bureaucracy do so. To this point, scholars have treated the issue of shirking as one where laziness and inefficiency are the driving forces. However, it is more realistic to expect that shirking comes in the form of ideological resistance by administrators. I develop a theory that the independence afforded to the bureaucracy is functionally comparable to that of the judiciary, allowing for the insertion of individual attitudinal preferences by bureaucrats. Drawing from the attitudinal model of judicial research, I look at whether attitudes affect the decision making of administrative law judges at the National Labor Relations Board, the influence administrative law judge decisions have on reviewing bodies, and whether attitudinal decision making can be controlled by external political and legal actors. Results demonstrate that Democratic judges are more likely than Republican judges to rule for labor in unfair labor practice cases, administrative law judge decisions provide the basis for subsequent decisions of reviewing bodies, and that few political and legal controls exist over this set of bureaucrats. This research provides evidence that lower level bureaucrats make decisions based on their own political preferences and that these preferences have far ranging consequences for policy and law.
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Wright, Kathryn. "Interactions between courts and administrative authorities in EU competition law enforcement". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/42353/.
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The EU competition law reforms of 2004 decentralised enforcement from the European Commission to national competition authorities and national courts, while the European Commission remains central to the system. This thesis responds to a need for research into how institutions interact in this system of concurrent competences to effectively enforce the EU competition rules. It explores the constitutional consequences of the methods for ensuring coherent interpretation and effective application of the EU competition rules, through case studies on the interaction between courts and administrative authorities and between the supranational and national levels. With a focus on the role of courts, the thesis draws on the EU principle of institutional balance and the concept of interpretative pluralism. It finds that while apparently empowering (national) courts, the post‐2004 regime still limits the ambit of judicial competence in favour of administrative bodies. The European Commission can influence interpretation of the competition rules in national court proceedings as well as in the European Competition Network of competition authorities, in which the Court of Justice of the European Union has in effect handed over responsibility. In an extension of national courts’ obligation not to rule counter to a European Commission decision, forthcoming legislation proposes they should be bound by national competition authority decisions. The thesis argues that there should be more emphasis on horizontal relationships between courts, led by judges themselves. This would not only lend itself to coherent – and effective – application of competition law, but would allow courts to push back against the apparent dominance of administrative authorities in this area.
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León, Pinedo Silvia. "Locus Standi in the Law of Administrative Process in Tax Matters". Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118567.
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The article begins by recognizing that the Administrative Process in Peru is full jurisdiction, protects the legal situations in addition to control the legality of the administrative acts. Then the author examines the Tax Administration, specifically if SUNAT has active legitimacy to sue in a Contentious Administrative Process against the decision issued by the Tax Court that revoked or annulled their administrative acts, concluding that it does not have legitimacy but, exceptionally, according to article 157 of the Tax Code, can sue when SUNAT demonstrates that RTFs are not according to the parameters of article 10 of the General Administrative Procedure Act, confirming that the causal most used by SUNAT are those of the numeral 1 and 2, referred to the resolutions which cause serious disability vice, which, according to the author, is not the same as a different interpretative approach. Finally, the author concludes that for tax issues does not apply the second paragraph of Article 13 of the Law on Administrative Process; apply the article 157 of the Tax Code, as the special rule.El presente artículo parte por reconocer que el proceso contencioso administrativo en el Perú es de plena jurisdicción, esto es, que protege las situaciones jurídicas de los administrados además de la legalidad del acto administrativo.Así, se lleva a cabo un análisis sobre la legitimidad activa de la Administración Tributaria, específicamente la SUNAT, para interponer una demanda contencioso administrativa contra la Resolución emitida por el Tribunal Fiscal (RTF) que revocó o anuló su acto administrativo concluyendo que no la tiene pero que, excepcionalmente, de acuerdo al artículo 157° del Código Tributario, podría demandar cuando demuestre fehacientemente que la RTF es nula de acuerdo a los parámetros del artículo 10° de la Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General (LPAG), constatándose que las causales más utilizadas por la SUNAT son las del numeral 1 y 2 de dicha norma, referidas a aquellas resoluciones que tengan un vicio grave de invalidez, lo que, según la autora, no es lo mismo que un distinto criterio interpretativo. Por último, se señala que en relación a los temas tributarios no resulta aplicable el segundo párrafo del artículo 13º de la Ley del Proceso Contencioso Administrativo si no el referido artículo 157° del Código Tributario, al ser la norma especial.
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Taylor, Chris W. "Law Express: Constitutional and Administrative Law". 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9458.
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Lewans, Matthew. "Administrative Law and Curial Deference". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24813.
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This thesis examines three interrelated issues. The first concerns a question about the status of administrative law, namely whether administrative officials have authority to determine what the law requires under a democratic constitution. Historically, this question has not been adequately addressed in public law scholarship because neither Diceyan constitutional theory nor common law doctrine has been traditionally receptive to administrative law. In this thesis, I argue that there are good reasons for people to respect the legal authority of administrative officials and their decisions. Those reasons are rooted in respect for the democratic process by which administrative officials are empowered, and respect for the various forms of expertise that administrative officials possess.
The second issue concerns the doctrinal aspect of administrative law. If there are good reasons for believing that administrative officials have legitimate legal authority, then those same reasons suggest that judges should respect administrative legal decisions. In order to better understand how the relevant reasons for respecting administrative decisions alter the practice of judicial review, I compare and contrast the traditional doctrine of jurisdictional review with the doctrine of curial deference. This comparison shows that the doctrine of curial deference provides a superior account of the legitimate legal authority of administrative officials, and that this account makes a practical difference for the practice of judicial review.
The third issue concerns whether the doctrine of curial deference can be reconciled with the rule of law. Assuming that there are good reasons for respecting administrative decisions, how can judges both respect an administrative decision while ensuring that it is consistent with the rule of law? I argue that judges can both respect administrative decisions and maintain the rule of law by requiring administrative officials to justify their decisions adequately in light of public reasons which are both patent and latent in existing legal materials.
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Mané, Mara Luísa Olival. "Enquadramento fiscal das atividades profissionais e empresariais, em Portugal, no ano 2017". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/16477.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal a descrição completa e alusiva do
enquadramento fiscal da Atividade Independente, em Portugal, no ano 2017. Para tal, iniciou-se o
tema com uma breve abordagem ao Neoliberalismo, enquanto movimento impulsionador das
formas laborais atípicas e consequente leitura subversiva do Direito do Trabalho. Depois de
descrita a problemática dos “falsos recibos verdes”, inicia-se um estudo completo da totalidade de
obrigações e direitos inerentes a esta categoria de profissionais, quer em termos de Segurança
Social ou de IRS e IVA. Também os procedimentos em termos de faturação, comunicações,
seguros ou Caixa postal eletrónica foram alvo de interpretação.
Finalizado o enquadramento fiscal, são expostas algumas das medidas, em redor das quais
tem girado a discussão atual, entre os partidos e o Governo, quer em sede de Segurança Social quer
em sede de IRS ou IVA. Algumas delas a entrar em vigor já em 2018, outras apenas embaladas
pela promessa de virem a ser cumpridas, no mesmo período, e as restantes que, apesar de
proferidas, vão ficando por aprovar.
Uma vez tratada a precariedade laboral associada aos denominados Trabalhadores
Independentes, e após o estudo do seu enquadramento fiscal em Portugal, o culminar da dissertação
coincide com a resolução de um caso prático. Neste estudo de caso, são tratados de forma individual
três cenários distintos, onde se procura, uma vez mais, dar ênfase ao “falso recibo verde”, prestes
a sair novamente prejudicado após revisão fiscal e mediante aplicação das medidas já inseridas no
OE18.The main purpose of this dissertation is to describe the fiscal framework of the Independent Contractor in Portugal in 2017. The theme is initially approached with neoliberalism like the driving force behind the atypical work forms and consequently the subversive reading of the Employment Law. After describing the problem of “false service receipt”, a complete study of inherent obligations and rights of this professional kind is made, where is referred the terms of Social Security or income tax and VAT. The facturation procedure, communications, insurances or the electronic mailbox are subject to interpretation. Finishing the fiscal framework, some measures are referred, which have generated a discussion between political parties and the Government, more precisely in the sector of Social Security, the sector of income taxes or VAT. Some of these measures will be applicated in 2018, others are just promoted, at the same time, the rest is mentioned, and it must be wait to be approved. Once, the precarious work associated with so-called Independent Contractors, and after study the fiscal framework in Portugal, the course of the dissertation coincides with resolution of practical case. In this study, three different scenarios are treated, where it is looking for to give emphasis to the “false service receipt” again. The Independent Contractor will be harmed after the fiscal reform and through the present measures of EO18.
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Lin, Chun-Yuan, e 林春元. "Beyond Administrative Law and International Law--the evolution, features and effects of Global Administrative law in Climate Change Regime". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16535330304180402543.
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博士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
100
While climate change has been recognized as the most serious challenge for global society, a global solution is far from clear. Scholars approach this issue through institutional or theoretical methods, however, encounter the limits instituted in the dichotomy structure of national law and international law. Neither domestic administrative law, nor international could properly address climate change challenges. What is underestimated is the huge and complex normative system which has been developed two decades. This normative system, although derived from international regime, has been departed from its traditional route and regulated all climate-related actors globally. What are the contents and features of this normative system? How should we define them from law’s perspective? How it was formed and what effects it is going to bring about? This dissertation analyzes United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol, as well as all decisions that has been produced by Conference of Parties (COP) through the theory of global administrative law. This dissertation argues that, articles of convention and rules made by COP and other subsidiary bodies have created a huge normative system. Different from traditional international law, this normative system embodies the features of typical administrative law. The Climate Change regime has represent what scholars called “global administrative law.” Furthermore, I argue the global administrative law in climate change regime has developed three models—coordinative and cooperation model, legality control model, and market-oriented model. These models represent in different fields of climate change regime. Regulations regarding to adaptation, capacity building and technology transfer represents the coordinative model; the mitigation, compliance mechanism and financial mechanism represents the legality control model; the flexible mechanism represents the market oriented model. This dissertation further argues that, the development of global administrative law in climate change regime, cannot simply contribute to the global nature of climate change. The choice of framework, the strategy of institution, and the interest of parties, all function in the dynamics of international politics and formulate the face and content of climate change law. Through the eyes of global administrative law, we may further examine the deficit of accountability of current regime, and shed lights for future development.
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Lee, Chieh Min, e 李介民. "Informal administrative act in Tax Law". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46060359297661786417.
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Newell, Virginia Alice. "Administrative law values, publicisation and outsourcing". Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150687.
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The dissertation represents a response to the concept of 'publicisation" popularised by Jody Freeman, which posits the possibility of outsourcing being adequately controlled and overseen through new public and private mechanisms, in which are embedded appropriate public or democratic norms. As there is a nascent administrative law values discourse within the Australian administrative law discipline, I refer to values in my dissertation rather than norms. There are two hurdles to evaluating and utilising the concept of publicisation in the Australian context. The primary hurdle is the need to correctly identify the relevant values. I argue that, in the Australian context, the relevant values to achieve the publicisation of outsourcing are those that underpin the existing administrative law system. I next conduct a critical textual analysis of the 1970 Reform Reports - the Kerr Committee Report, the Bland Committee Reports and the Ellicott Committee Report with the aim of identifying the values that were embedded in the Australian administrative law system at its inception. My aim in conducting this empirical research is to identify administrative law values other than subjectively. The research demonstrates that in terms of administrative law values, the key to the 1970s reforms was the prioritisation of citizen participation in order to promote legality and fairness. The second finding is that while the reports consistently make reference to the need to safeguard executive efficiency, there is a stronger commitment to ensuring that the values of participation, fairness and legality are prioritised. The italicised words represent value-types; The second hurdle to evaluating the concept of publicisation, in a practical rather than theoretical way, is the need to identify an appropriate methodology to use when looking for evidence of publicisation. In the final chapter of this dissertation I conduct two limited values benchmarking exercises designed to illustrate how evidence of publicisation might be identified in the Australian context and I argue that values benchmarking, a form of standards benchmarking, provides a useful methodological framework. One of the values benchmarking exercises pertains to the 2005 amendments to the Ombudsman Act 1976 (Cth) and the proposed 2009 amendments to the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Cth). The second values benchmarking exercise looks for evidence of publicisation in the federal courts' jurisprudence regarding their jurisdiction to hear judicial review applications where the decision-maker is not a member of the traditional executive (Minister, agency, officer); My conclusion is that publicisation provides a useful way of evaluating new mechanisms by reference to administrative law values. I qualify this support by arguing that new mechanisms should not be recognised as evidencing publicisation if they do not both extend administrative law values and deliver administrative law goals such as executive accountability or administrative justice. I also observe that mechanisms that can be described as evidencing publicisation cannot necessarily be thought of as equivalent to administrative law mechanisms because publicisation does not insist on the administrative law value of citizen participation being embedded and prioritised.
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CARMOUCHE, Nuhaila. "The constructions of global administrative law". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/27184.
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Defence date: 21 January 2013Examining Board: Professor Neil Walker, University of Edinburgh (Supervisor) Professor Nehal Bhuta, EUI Professor Susan Marks, London School of Economics Professor Gianluigi Palombella, University of Parma.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis is devoted to exploring the emerging area of research known as global administrative law as a particular lens from within which to analyse key transformations in the domain of regulatory governance, including the rise of forms of public law about governing in settings now external to the state. In the first section, the thesis attempts to background the idea of global administrative law in broader controversies surrounding the possible role and function of law in an age of global governance. Viewed in this light, it considers the 'procedural' solution offered by the project's participants in response to the challenges of unaccountable and non-inclusive forms of governance. The thesis argues that-far from offering to its audiences a set of theory-neutral descriptors and procedural solutions-the very idea of global administrative law invokes competing understandings over the legitimate methods, aims and purposes of the project, and, in a broader sense, law itself. In light of the fluidity of the normative languages of global administrative law , the thesis proceeds, in a second section, to draw out specific justifications of the project. This prepares the ground for an assessment of the possible limitations of these different conceptions, set against the most troubling aspects of current arrangements and realities. Adopting a critical theory lens, this thesis considers the broader failures and disappointments of contemporary legal thought, and the constraints it places on our ability to construct a broader, and better, vision for law and society. The thesis concludes by suggesting that we might seize this moment to reimagine a different vision. It proposes a mission for legal scholarship that concerns itself with empowering a diverse transnational politics subjecting to public criticism the distributive consequences of global authority and targeting, for reform, the structural causes of the unjust and inhumane.
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GUPTA, Aishani. "ICANN : a global administrative law perspective". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/49204.
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Award date: 22 November 2017Supervisor: Professor Nehal Bhuta
This thesis is an attempt to understand the multistakeholder model of governance within the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) through the lens of Global Administrative Law (GAL). ICANN is presented within GAL scholarship as a successful example that has incorporated principles found within GAL. This thesis questions that notion, and presents a narrative of ICANN that demonstrates some of the normative issues underlying the incorporation of GAL principles. In this thesis, I argue that ICANN does not neatly fit into the GAL narrative and is in fact an attempt akin to fitting a square peg into a round hole, by ignoring the salient features of ICANN. Ultimately, I believe that this enquiry will contribute to GAL scholarship as well as the present understanding of ICANN. For the former, this thesis discusses the most important principles of GAL, namely accountability, transparency, participation and engagement, and publicness. For the latter, this thesis highlights the shortcomings of ICANN and gives a yardstick on which ICANN could be measured.