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Bibliografias temáticas / Neighbourhood

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Neighbourhood"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 10 de março de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Neighbourhood"

1

Candipan, Jennifer. "Neighbourhood change and the neighbourhood-school gap". Urban Studies 56, n.º 15 (19 de fevereiro de 2019): 3308–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018819075.

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Few studies examine how school and neighbourhood composition in the US correspond over time, particularly in a context of neighbourhood change. As neighbourhoods diversify along racial and economic lines, do public schools also diversify or grow increasingly dissimilar from their surrounding areas? Drawing on novel data linking neighbourhoods and schools in the US in 2000 and 2010, I document: how racial composition corresponds over time between traditional public schools and the neighbourhoods they serve; how the compositional gap changes when greater school choice is available; and how the compositional gap varies between neighbourhoods experiencing various trajectories of socioeconomic change. I find an increasing mismatch in the white composition of public schools and their surrounding neighbourhoods, specifically that schools enrol fewer white students than the composition of the neighbourhood. The compositional mismatch grows the most in neighbourhoods experiencing socioeconomic ascent, particularly as the number of nearby non-neighbourhood schools increases.

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Corcoran, Jonathan, Renee Zahnow, Rebecca Wickes e John Hipp. "Neighbourhood land use features, collective efficacy and local civic actions". Urban Studies 55, n.º 11 (26 de julho de 2017): 2372–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017717212.

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This paper explores the association between neighbourhood land use features and informal social control. More specifically, we examine the extent to which such features in combination with the socio-demographic context of the neighbourhood facilitate or impede collective efficacy and local civic actions. We achieve this through spatially integrating data from the census, topographic databases and a 2012 survey of 4132 residents from 148 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. The study creates a new classification of a neighbourhood’s physical environment by creating novel categories of land use features that depict social conduits, social holes and social wedges. Social conduits are features of the neighbourhood that facilitate interaction between individuals, social holes are land uses that create situations where there is no occupancy, and social wedges are features that carve up neighbourhoods. We find some evidence to suggest that residents’ reports of collective efficacy are higher in neighbourhoods with a greater density of social conduits. Density of social conduits is also positively associated with local civic action. However, in neighbourhoods with more greenspace, residents are less likely to engage in local civic actions.

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Permentier, Matthieu, Maarten van Ham e Gideon Bolt. "Neighbourhood Reputation and the Intention to Leave the Neighbourhood". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, n.º 9 (1 de janeiro de 2009): 2162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a41262.

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Moving intentions are likely to be affected not only by whether or not residents are satisfied with their neighbourhood, but also by how they think that other city residents assess their neighbourhood: the perceived reputation of the neighbourhood. The place where one lives is a reflection of one's position in society and therefore people may want to leave neighbourhoods with a poor reputation even if they are satisfied with their residential environment. Using data from a specifically designed survey in twenty-four Dutch neighbourhoods we tested the hypothesis that, in addition to neighbourhood satisfaction, perceived neighbourhood reputations are an important predictor of the intention to leave a neighbourhood. The results show that perceived neighbourhood reputation is indeed a significant predictor of moving intentions, even after controlling for neighbourhood satisfaction and neighbourhood attachment. This finding suggests that neighbourhood regeneration policy should focus not only on improving residents' neighbourhood satisfaction, but also on improving the perceived reputation of neighbourhoods.

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Li, J., e F. Biljecki. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BIG DATA ANALYSIS IN REGULATING ONLINE SHORT-TERM RENTAL BUSINESS: A CASE OF AIRBNB IN BEIJING". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W9 (30 de setembro de 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w9-79-2019.

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Abstract. With the fast expansion and controversial impacts of short-term rental platforms such as Airbnb, many cities have called for regulating this new business model. This research aims to establish an approach to understand the impact of Airbnb (and similar services) through big data analysis and provide insights potentially useful for its regulation. The paper reveals how Airbnb is influencing Beijing’s neighbourhood housing prices through machine learning and GIS. Machine learning models are developed to analyse the relationship between Airbnb activities in a neighbourhood and prevailing housing prices. The model of the best fit is then used to analyse the neighbourhood price sensitivity in view of increasing Airbnb activities. The results show that the sensitivity is variable: there are neighbourhoods that are likely to be more price sensitive to Airbnb activities, but also neighbourhoods that are likely to be price robust. Finally, the paper gives policy recommendations for regulating short-term rental businesses based on neighbourhood’s price sensitivity.

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Ruther, Matt, Rebbeca Tesfai e Janice Madden. "Foreign-born population concentration and neighbourhood growth and development within US metropolitan areas". Urban Studies 55, n.º 4 (18 de outubro de 2016): 826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016672804.

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Immigrant populations are a major driver of growth in many US metropolitan areas, and considerable research has focused on the effects of immigrant populations on neighbourhood outcomes. However, much of this research is based on data from 1990 or earlier, prior to substantial growth in the diversity of the immigrant population and to changes in immigrants’ US settlement patterns. This research uses tract-level data from the 2000 Decennial Census and the 2009–2013 American Community Survey to explore the relationship between an existing immigrant population and future changes in neighbourhood characteristics within the 100 largest US metropolitan areas. Spatial regression models are used to identify the neighbourhood features that predict future proportional growth in a neighbourhood’s foreign-born population. In addition, the associations between a neighbourhood’s initial foreign-born concentration and future neighbourhood relative income and population growth are investigated. Consistent with previous work, our results indicate that foreign-born populations of all races tend to move towards existing immigrant population clusters. All of the immigrant minority racial groups are also attracted to neighbourhoods with existing same-race US-born populations. Overall proportional population growth is positively associated with the initial presence of the white and Asian immigrant population; black and Hispanic immigrant concentrations are associated with proportional population loss. While immigrants do not contribute to neighbourhood relative income growth, a greater presence of immigrants – relative to their US-born co-racial group – is associated with lower rates of neighbourhood relative income decline.

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Saleh, Ilhamdaniah. "Measuring neighbourhood hardships and neighbourhood change between 2010-2015 in suburban neighbourhoods of Buffalo Metropolitan Area, New York". Geographica Pannonica 25, n.º 2 (2021): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gp25-30864.

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Neighbourhoods in urban and suburban areas experienced changes in terms of physical, social, economic, and demographics. Neighbourhood Hardship Index (NHI) had been used to measure neighbourhood socio-economic condition, using various census variables. Suburban neighbourhoods which underwent a change lead to stratification into striving outer suburbs and declining inner suburbs. The context of this study was suburban neighbourhoods in Buffalo Metropolitan Area (BMA), New York. This paper aimed at highlighting spatial variability of neighbourhood change in innerand outer-suburban neighbourhoods of BMA between 2010-2015. This study examined factors that significantly contribute to neighbourhood change. Also, this study examined whether there a difference in the change of neighbourhood hardship index between innerand outer-suburban neighbourhoods. Composite NHI was developed from economic, demographic, and housing variables. Neighbourhood change was measured by comparing the composite NHI 2010 with that of 2015. The findings depicted a variation of change in hardships index across suburban neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods with higher hardship index were primarily located in inner suburbs. Policy implications call for concerted efforts to tackle the decline in the economy, education, demography to promote equity across neighbourhoods in suburban areas.

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McCormack, Gavin R., Christine Friedenreich, Lindsay McLaren, Melissa Potestio, Beverly Sandalack e Ilona Csizmadi. "Interactions between Neighbourhood Urban Form and Socioeconomic Status and Their Associations with Anthropometric Measurements in Canadian Adults". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5042614.

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Neighbourhood-level socioeconomic composition and built context are correlates of weight-related behaviours. We investigated the relations between objective measures of neighbourhood design and socioeconomic status (SES) and their interaction, in relation to self-reported waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Canadian adults (n=851from 12 Calgary neighbourhoods). WC and BMI were higher among residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods, independent of neighbourhood design (grid, warped grid, and curvilinear street patterns) and individual-level characteristics (sex, age, education, income, dog ownership, marital status, number of dependents, motor vehicle access, smoking, sleep, mental health, physical health, and past attempts to modify bodyweight). The association between neighbourhood-level SES and WC was modified by neighbourhood design; WC was higher in disadvantaged-curvilinear neighbourhoods and lower in advantaged-grid neighbourhoods. Policies making less obesogenic neighbourhoods affordable to low socioeconomic households and that improve the supportiveness for behaviours leading to healthy weight in low socioeconomic neighbourhoods are necessary.

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8

Airgood-Obrycki, Whitney. "Suburban status and neighbourhood change". Urban Studies 56, n.º 14 (30 de janeiro de 2019): 2935–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018811724.

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This article examines suburban neighbourhood trajectories from 1970 to 2010 in the 100 most populous metropolitan areas in the US within the context of discussions around suburban decline and reinvestment. A weighted composite index of neighbourhood change indicators was used to identify the relative status of urban and suburban neighbourhoods. Index values were ranked by metropolitan area, and neighbourhoods were assigned to a corresponding quartile. The quartiles formed a status trajectory sequence, categorised as Reduced, Reduced with recovery, Stable or Improved. Neighbourhood trajectories were compared across city and suburb as well as across prewar, postwar, and modern suburban types. Despite increased discussion around suburban decline and suburban poverty, suburban neighbourhoods maintained a higher status than the city, were more likely to recover from reduced status and had higher frequencies of status improvement. The majority of suburban neighbourhoods occupied the highest status ranking in all decades. Stability was the most common trajectory for suburbs, and stable suburban neighbourhoods were higher status than stable urban neighbourhoods. The findings highlight geographies of neighbourhood inequalities and contribute to our understanding of regional and suburban neighbourhood change dynamics.

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9

Zhang, Qi, Zhenhua Zheng, Dezhi Kang, Ying Zhou, Yifeng Zhang e Xu Zhang. "Prioritizing Neighbourhood Amenities to Enhance Neighbourhood Satisfaction: A Case Study in Wuhan, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 4 (16 de fevereiro de 2023): 3528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043528.

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In China, the improvement in amenities has been often criticized for not addressing the priorities of residents’ demand due to over-standardised, top–down practices and the misallocation of resources. Previous studies have investigated how people’s wellbeing or quality of life is associated with neighbourhood attributes. However, very few have researched how identifying and prioritizing the improvement in neighbourhood amenities could significantly enhance neighbourhood satisfaction. Therefore, this paper investigated the residents’ perception on the neighbourhood amenities in Wuhan, China, and explored the application of the Kano–IPA model for prioritizing the improvement in amenities in both commodity-housing and traditional danwei neighbourhoods. Firstly, total 5100 valid questionnaires were distributed through street face-to-face surveying to solicit the residents’ perceptions of the usage and satisfaction of amenities in different neighbourhoods. Then, various statistical techniques, including descriptive, logistical regression modelling were adopted to analyse the general characteristics and significant associations of amenities’ usage and demand. Lastly, an age-friendly strategy for the improvement in amenities in old neighbourhoods was proposed by referring to the widely applied Kano–IPA marketing model. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the usage frequency of amenities among different neighbourhoods. However, significant differences of associations between residents’ perception on amenities and neighbourhood satisfaction were identified among different groups of residents. To demonstrate prioritizing neighbourhood amenities in double-aging neighbourhoods, basic, excitement, and performance factors fitting age-friendly scenarios were determined and categorized. This research can provide a reference for allocating financial budgets and determining schedules to improve neighbourhood amenities. It also showcased the variances of residents’ demands and the provision of public goods among different neighbourhoods in urban China. Similar studies can be expected in addressing different scenarios that challenges emerged, such as suburban or resettled neighbourhoods where low-income residents generally live.

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Hincks, Stephen. "Deprived neighbourhoods in transition: Divergent pathways of change in the Greater Manchester city-region". Urban Studies 54, n.º 4 (29 de setembro de 2016): 1038–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015619142.

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Many studies of neighbourhood change adopt a ‘bookend’ mode of analysis in which a baseline year is identified for a chosen outcome variable from which the magnitude of change is calculated to a determined endpoint typically over bi-decadal or decadal timeframes. However, this mode of analysis smoothes away short-run change patterns and neighbourhood dynamics. The implications of this practice could be far reaching if it is accepted that as neighbourhoods change they are liable to cross a threshold and transition from one state to another in the short- as well as longer-term. In a case study of deprived neighbourhoods in the Greater Manchester city-region, this paper aims to contribute to neighbourhood change debates in two ways. The first is by isolating transition pathways for individual neighbourhoods using annual change data. The second is by testing the thesis that the more deprived a neighbourhood is, the more likely it is to respond with greater volatility to short-run shocks when compared with less-deprived neighbourhoods. Four indicators collected annually between 2001 and 2010 are used to develop a typology of neighbourhood change and a subsequent typology of neighbourhood transition. The analysis exposed 260 different transition pathways that deprived neighbourhoods followed over the study period. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to determine the odds of a neighbourhood undergoing transition along a specific pathway owing to its level of deprivation. The model revealed that the most deprived neighbourhoods were likely to follow more volatile transition pathways compared with the less-deprived neighbourhoods especially during periods of economic difficulty.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Neighbourhood"

1

Lok, R. W. "Neighbourhood systems". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377898.

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Ward, Kim. "Transforming neighbourhoods : an exploration of the neighbourhood management process in Ilfracombe, Devon". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3603.

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The neighbourhood became one of the key sites for urban policy development during the previous New Labour government, and Neighbourhood Management Pathfinders were amongst their final strategies to combat “the most difficult problems faced by deprived neighbourhoods” (SEU 2000:5). This thesis explores the process of neighbourhood management in the coastal town of Ilfracombe, Devon. Ilfracombe features the characteristics of decline found in a number of coastal towns across the country, and suffers from high levels of deprivation (House of Commons Report 2006). Consequently, the neighbourhood management pathfinder ‘Transform’ was deployed in Ilfracombe in an attempt to address high deprivation. This thesis uses empirical findings collected through interviews and focus groups to examine the process of ‘Transform’, from its conception to its practical operation. It specifically considers the ‘voices’ of residents whose opinions and experiences, as targets of neighbourhood intervention are not always sufficiently documented within policy narratives. Consequently, the thesis unravels the process of neighbourhood management through findings generated by qualitative research ‘on the ground’. These are then examined through the lens of governmentality, allowing the methods, practice and outcomes of government, to be unpacked through a presentation of my empirical findings (Foucault 1991). These examinations take a particular interest in notions of community engagement and participation, partnership working, and the process of social exclusion. Here, partnership is demonstrated to be a tentative and fragile process underlined by local histories and differing temporal frameworks for action. But, this research also demonstrates that joint working can be improved through neighbourhood management which widens routes of communication to officers ‘on the ground’. However, what this thesis hopes to demonstrate most strongly is the continuing depth of problems felt by residents in Ilfracombe and that the process of ‘inclusion’ through paid work and ‘active’ citizenship, underlined in Labour’s neighbourhood renewal strategies, is not tackling some of the main problems of ‘deprived’ neighbourhoods, as experienced by the residents themselves.

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3

Mashinchi, Mashallah. "On neighbourhood spaces /". Electronic version of summary, 1987. http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/gakui/gaiyo/1310.pdf.

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4

Knies, Gundi. "Neighbourhood effects in Germany". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442195.

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Razafindrakoto, Ando Desire. "Neighbourhood operators on Categories". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80169.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: While the notions of open and closed subsets in a topological space are dual to each other, they take on another meaning when points and complements are no longer available. Closure operators have been extensively used to study topological notions on categories. Though this has recovered a fair amount of topological results and has brought an economy of e ort and insight into Topology, it is thought that certain properties, such as convergence, are naturally associated with neighbourhoods. On the other hand, it is interesting enough to investigate certain notions, such as that of closed maps, which in turn are naturally associated with closure by means of neighbourhoods. We propose in this thesis a set of axioms for neighbourhoods and test them with the properties of connectedness and compactness.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Al is die twee konsepte van oop en geslote subversamelings in 'n topologiese ruimte teenoorgesteldes van mekaar, verander hul betekenis wanneer punte en komplemente nie meer ter sprake is nie. Die gebruik van afsluitingsoperatore is alreeds omvattend in die studie van topologiese konsepte in kategorieë, toegepas. Alhoewel 'n redelike aantal topologiese resultate, groeiende belangstelling en groter insig tot Topologie die gevolg was, word daar geglo dat seker eienskappe, soos konvergensie, op 'n natuurlike wyse aan omgewings verwant is. Nietemin is dit van belang om sekere eienskappe, soos geslote afbeeldings, wat natuurlik verwant is aan afsluiting, te bestudeer. In hierdie proefskrif stel ons 'n aantal aksiomas oor omgewings voor en toets dit gevolglik met die eienskappe van samehangendheid en kompaktheid.

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Kelly, Brian Gerard. "People, place and change : a longitudinal study of individual, cohort and contextual effects on levels of belonging to neighbourhoods and interaction with neighbours, England 1998-2008". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/people-place-and-change-a-longitudinal-study-of-individual-cohort-and-contextual-effects-on-levels-of-belonging-to-neighbourhoods-and-interaction-with-neighbours-england-19982008(a214e81f-32c8-4137-acbe-32c427e8672d).html.

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In recent decades there has been a rekindling of academic interest in place, and with the way in which processes associated with modernity, globalisation and individualisation may have diminished place based communities, and weakened the attachment between individuals and the neighbourhoods in which they live. There are also debates about the importance of neighbourhood context, particularly whether neighbourhood level material deprivation and increased ethnic diversity act to reduce individual belonging to neighbourhoods and interactions between neighbours. This thesis aims to contribute towards an understanding of the ways in which individual belonging to neighbourhoods, and interaction with neighbours, may have changed over time, in relation to individual and neighbourhood context. Data from the British Household Panel Survey, for England, for the period 1998 to 2008, measuring the outcomes of individual level belonging to neighbourhoods and the likelihood of talking to neighbours, are combined with neighbourhood level Census data. Longitudinal models are used to test for age and cohort effects, and then extended to consider neighbourhood level context. Specific attention is given to the relationship between the outcomes under study and neighbourhood material deprivation, neighbourhood ethnic diversity, household income and individual mobility between neighbourhoods. Some evidence was found for cohort effects, with younger cohorts, particularly those in higher income households, being less likely to talk to neighbours. There were no apparent cohort effects for the outcome of belonging to the neighbourhood, which is found to be associated with age (generally increasing as individuals get older), and neighbourhood context. In materially deprived neighbourhoods levels of belonging are lower, but only for individuals in households with low incomes. Similarly any effect of individual mobility was found to be conditional on household income and neighbourhood level material deprivation. In general, high or increasing neighbourhood level ethnic diversity was not associated with reduced individual belonging to neighbourhoods or likelihood of talking to neighbours once other contextual variables were considered. Also, increased ethnic diversity had a small positive effect on the outcomes under study for individuals living in neighbourhoods with high levels of material deprivation.

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Crnic, Milan. "Social capital and neighbourhood centres in Queensland : qualitative case studies of three neighbourhood centres". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63621/1/Milan_Crnic_Thesis.pdf.

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This research paper examines the potential of neighbourhood centres to generate and enhance social capital through their programs, activities, membership associations and community engagement. Social capital is a complex concept involving elements of norms, networks, and trust and is generally seen as enhancing community cohesion and the ability to attain common goals (outlined in more detail in Section 3). The aim of this research project is to describe the nature of social capital formation in terms of development and change in norms, networks and trust within the context of the operations of neighbourhood centres in three Queensland locations (i.e., Sherwood, Kingston/Slacks Creek, and Maleny). The study was prompted by surprisingly little research into how neighbourhood centres and their clients contribute to the development of social capital. Considering the large volume of research on the role of community organisations in building social capital, it is remarkable that perhaps the most obvious organisation with 'social capitalist' intentions has received so little attention (apart from Bullen and Onyx, 2005). Indeed, ostensibly, neighbourhood centres are all about social capital.

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Orton, Marian. "Ageing in urban neighbourhoods in Beijing, China : an ethnographic study of older Chinese people's neighbourhood experiences". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95079/.

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This thesis explores Chinese older people’s perception and experiences of ageing and age care in an urban neighbourhood in Beijing China. It is informed by a growing body of theoretical and empirical research regarding ageing and also draws upon research that has made linkage between ageing and place. However, little research has investigated older people’s experiences of ageing in a rapid changing urban neighbourhood and how these environmental changes affect their day to day lives in China. Thus, by conducting 34 in-depth interviews, participant observation in three urban neighbourhoods in urban Beijing and photography produced by the researcher, this study took a social constructionist stance and ethnographic research design to explore older people’s ageing experience in a rapidly changing environment, in this case, the role of the neighbourhood outdoor places in their day to day lives. The findings from this study demonstrate that the Western understanding of AIP is not sufficient to apply to the current social, economic and cultural context in urban Beijing. As the nascent concept of Ageing in place (AIP) has been embedded within broad socio-cultural institutions, numerous institutional legacies and socio-cultural factors directly and indirectly related to AIP serve as the discursive resources that shape and inform individuals’ disputant discourses. These factors not only frame their basic logics, vocabularies and moral reasoning but also shape their structural positions on housing access, pension rights and later-life care. Participants in these three neighbourhoods have been constantly constructing and reconstructing their understanding of ageing and AIP with the wider economic, political, social and cultural influences. These interesting perceptions of and attachment to neighbourhood engagement invite further theoretical reflections, as ageing and age care for older people in China have been greatly influenced by existing cultural norms, as well as new social trends, in a far more complicated and ambivalent fashion than commonly assumed and observers have envisioned.

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Elsmore, Chris. "Neighbourhood Watch : social resource monitoring". Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678659.

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Moody, Philip. "Neighbourhood conditions on topological spaces". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236175.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Neighbourhood"

1

Manley, David, Maarten van Ham, Nick Bailey, Ludi Simpson e Duncan Maclennan, eds. Neighbourhood Effects or Neighbourhood Based Problems? Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6695-2.

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2

Kempe, Iris. Direct neighbourhood. Gutersloh: Bertelsmann foundation publ., 1998.

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3

Bowman, Jeanne. Neighbourhood nurse. Leicester: Ulverscroft, 1993.

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4

Nadeem, Zaidi, ed. Neighbourhood animals. New York: Scholastic, 2003.

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5

Scoffham, Stephen. The neighbourhood. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991.

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6

Neighbourhood witch. London: Walker, 2004.

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7

Hudson, Brian. Trees/neighbourhood. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, 1991.

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8

Annabel, Large, ed. Neighbourhood witch. Harmondsworth: Puffin, 1995.

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9

Annabel, Large, ed. Neighbourhood witch. London: Viking Children's Books, 1994.

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10

Scoffham, Stephen. The neighbourhood. Walton-on-Thames: Nelson, 1992.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Neighbourhood"

1

Sargeson, Sally. "Neighbourhood Identities, Neighbourhood Dispositions". In Reworking China’s Proletariat, 185–219. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-51323-5_8.

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Egreteau, Renaud, e Li Chenyang. "Neighbourhood". In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Myanmar, 312–23. New York: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315743677-30.

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Clapham, David. "Neighbourhood". In Remaking Housing Policy, 83–100. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315639086-6.

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Duff, Andrew. "Neighbourhood". In Britain and the Puzzle of European Union, 108–19. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003202219-9.

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Rey, Emmanuel, Martine Laprise e Sophie Lufkin. "Sustainability Issues at the Neighbourhood Scale". In Neighbourhoods in Transition, 77–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82208-8_5.

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AbstractWe previously identified that urban brownfield regeneration projects are relevant strategies to limit urban sprawl while revitalizing portions of cities, namely mixed-use neighbourhoods. Moreover, these neighbourhoods in transition are opportunities to foster the implementation of sustainability objectives within European metropolitan areas. This chapter explore this subject by deepening the sustainability issues at the neighbourhood scale. To provide the basis for discussion, we first attempt to frame the urban sustainability concept and to explain how the neighbourhood scale is a means of action for cities. Then, we analyse the different sustainability issues according to a wide variety of parameters that must especially be taken into account during sustainable neighbourhood projects, and more precisely urban brownfield regeneration projects. These parameters cover the four pillars of sustainability—the environment, society, economy, and governance—and the polycentric reorganization of European metropolitan areas.

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6

Guise, Richard, e James Webb. "Whose Neighbourhood?" In Characterising Neighbourhoods, 36–42. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315744063-2.1.

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Bullock, Karen. "Neighbourhood Watch". In Citizens, Community and Crime Control, 125–45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269331_6.

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Johnston, Megan. "‘Doing neighbourhood’". In The Experience of Neighbourhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 218–37. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558349-19.

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Johnston, Megan. "‘Doing neighbourhood’". In The Experience of Neighbourhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 218–37. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558349-19.

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Gabbay, Dov M., e Karl Schlechta. "Neighbourhood Semantics". In Conditionals and Modularity in General Logics, 197–216. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19068-1_6.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Neighbourhood"

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Akgün, Özgür, Saad Attieh, Ian P. Gent, Christopher Jefferson, Ian Miguel, Peter Nightingale, András Z. Salamon, Patrick Spracklen e James Wetter. "A Framework for Constraint Based Local Search using Essence". In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/173.

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Structured Neighbourhood Search (SNS) is a framework for constraint-based local search for problems expressed in the Essence abstract constraint specification language. The local search explores a structured neighbourhood, where each state in the neighbourhood preserves a high level structural feature of the problem. SNS derives highly structured problem-specific neighbourhoods automatically and directly from the features of the Essence specification of the problem. Hence, neighbourhoods can represent important structural features of the problem, such as partitions of sets, even if that structure is obscured in the low-level input format required by a constraint solver. SNS expresses each neighbourhood as a constrained optimisation problem, which is solved with a constraint solver. We have implemented SNS, together with automatic generation of neighbourhoods for high level structures, and report high quality results for several optimisation problems.

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Chen, Binhui, Rong Qu, Ruibin Bai e Hisao Ishibuchi. "A Variable Neighbourhood Search Algorithm with Compound Neighbourhoods for VRPTW". In 5th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005661800250035.

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Eiter, Thomas, Tobias Geibinger, Nelson Higuera, Nysret Musliu, Johannes Oetsch e Daria Stepanova. "ALASPO: An Adaptive Large-Neighbourhood ASP Optimiser". In 19th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2022}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2022/58.

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We present the system ALASPO which implements Adaptive Large-neighbourhood search for Answer Set Programming (ASP) Optimisation. Large-neighbourhood search (LNS) is a meta-heuristic where parts of a solution are destroyed and reconstructed in an attempt to improve an overall objective. ALASPO currently supports the ASP solver clingo, as well as its extensions clingo-dl and clingcon for difference and full integer constraints, and multi-shot solving for an efficient implementation of the LNS loop. Neighbourhoods can be defined in code or declaratively as part of the ASP encoding. While the method underlying ALASPO has been described in previous work, ALASPO also incorporates portfolios for the LNS operators along with self-adaptive selection strategies as a technical novelty. This improves usability considerably at no loss of solution quality, but on the contrary often yields benefits. To demonstrate this, we evaluate ALASPO on different optimisation benchmarks.

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Hutchinson, D., M. Lanthier, A. Maheshwari, D. Nussbaum, D. Roytenberg e J. R. Sack. "Parallel neighbourhood modelling". In the fourth ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258319.258328.

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Carreras, Iacopo, Francesco De Pellegrini, Daniele Miorandi, David Tacconi e Imrich Chlamtac. "Why neighbourhood matters". In the third ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1409985.1410001.

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Hutchinson, D., L. Küttner, M. Lanthier, A. Maheshwari, D. Nussbaum, D. Roytenberg e J. R. Sack. "Parallel neighbourhood modeling". In the eighth annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/237502.237556.

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Payne, R. "The neighbourhood engineer". In International Conference on Professional Communication,Communication Across the Sea: North American and European Practices. IEEE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipcc.1990.111168.

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Ye, Yang. "Users’ Perceptions of Walkability Attributes in Residential Areas: Reliability and Validity". In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/drya8477.

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In recent years, urban environmental quality and urban vitality have attracted more scholars’ attention than ever as Chinese cities experienced a rapid development stage. To test the influence of urban built environment on walkability in residential areas, this study developed a questionnaire to perceive the users’ perception of walkability around their neighbourhood in residential areas, which was based on the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for Mainland China (NEWS-MC). The original Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) are developed for use in USA to measure residents’ perceptions of the environment attributes, and has been applied in many countries, such as US, Australia, Korea and Hong Kong, and be modify to be Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for Mainland China (NEWS-MC) and been applied in Chinese cities. NEWS-MC has been found have moderate to high rest-retest reliabilities and good criterion The evidence illustrated high-walkable neighbourhoods be found with higher density, land-use mix, street connectivity, more safety and have more aesthetics elements. In this study, we modified NEWS-MC to reflect the characteristics of cold region Chinese built environment and people’s behaviour mode. To perceive the final version of Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for cold region Chinese cities (NEWSCRC), We made a pilot study which include 50 samples, then interview 800 residents from 6 selected residential districts in Harbin (the capital city with highest latitude in China) which were different in walkability attributes and economic status. The final version of the NEWS-CRC included 8 subscales and 3 single items (76 items in total). Test-retest reliability showed moderate to high except 4 items . In total, the NEWS-CRC could illustrate residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in cold region Chinese cities and could be use in other Chinese urban attributes studies related to walking

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Dantchev, Stefan. "Dynamic Neighbourhood Cellular Automata". In Visions of Computer Science - BCS International Academic Conference. BCS Learning & Development, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/vocs2008.6.

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Smith, S. M. "Flexible filter neighbourhood designation". In Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1996.546020.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Neighbourhood"

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Reynolds, R. P., S. E. Chang, J. Kim e J. Z. K. Yip. Neighbourhood social vulnerability in Vancouver. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330543.

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Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.

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Huynh, Tai, Nathalie Sava, Shoshana Hahn-Goldberg, Jen Recknagel, Isaac I. Bogoch, Kevin A. Brown, Vinity Dubey et al. Mobile On-Site COVID-19 Vaccination of Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities by Neighbourhood Risk in Toronto. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.14.1.0.

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Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) are apartment, condo, co-op and social housing buildings that while not purpose-built for older adults, have become home to a high number of them. In Toronto, there are 489 residential buildings that are NORCs. Of these, 256 are located in neighbourhoods with the highest cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2, and are home to 40,955 older adults 65 years of age and above, including 18,144 older adults 80 years of age and above. Prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination by both age and neighbourhood of residence is an effective strategy to minimize deaths, morbidity, and hospitalization. Targeting people living in NORCs in high-risk neighbourhoods for early vaccination is a practical application of that strategy, which will also address barriers to vaccination in this population.

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Enfield, Sue. Promoting Gender Equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.063.

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This helpdesk report synthesises evidence on the drivers and opportunities for promoting gender equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood region. Although equality between women and men is enshrined in the constitutions and legal systems of all Eastern Neighbourhood countries, and all countries have ratified most of the important international conventions in this area without reservations; women are still subject to social discrimination. Discriminatory laws, social norms, and practices rooted in patriarchal systems inherited from the Soviet era have negative consequences and act as drags upon gender equality. Former Soviet states making the transition from a command economy to a market-driven system need to make changes in governance and accountability systems to allow for women to have agency and to benefit from any nominal status of gender equality. This report considers areas where there are outstanding opportunities to improve women’s situation in Eastern Neighbourhood countries.

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Haider, Huma. Fostering a Democratic Culture: Lessons for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, agosto de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.131.

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Political culture is the values, beliefs, and emotions that members of a society express about the political regime and their role in it (Pickering, 2022, p. 5). Norms, values, attitudes and practices considered integral to a “culture of democracy”, according to the Council of Europe, include: a commitment to public deliberation, discussion, and the free expression of opinions; a commitment to electoral rules; the rule of law; and the protection of minority rights; peaceful conflict resolution. The consolidation of democracy involves not only institutional change, but also instilling a democratic culture in a society (Balčytienė, 2021). Research on democratic consolidation in various countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) finds that a key impediment to consolidation is the persistence of old, authoritarian political culture that undermines political and civic participation. This rapid review looks at aspects of democratic culture and potential ways to foster it, focusing on educational initiatives and opportunities for civic action — which comprise much of the literature on developing the values, attitudes and behaviours of democracy. Discussion on the strengthening of democratic institutions or assistance to electoral processes is outside the scope of the report.

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Kasper, Eric. Urban Neighbourhood Dynamics and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.007.

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While the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) is not only an urban phenomenon, evidence suggests that WFCL emerges in cities in unique ways due to the complex structures and dynamics of urban systems. This report, therefore, develops a conceptual framework for WFCL in cities that integrates key understandings of urban systems and evidence about urban WFCL. This report reviews current literature on the complex systemic nature of cities – drawing on literature on the urban land nexus, urban complexity, informality, and inclusive urbanisation. It also reviews studies of child labour (focusing on the worst forms, where possible) in urban contexts. In this way, the report offers an innovative way of understanding the challenge of WFCL, and outlines the premises of a research agenda for responding to WFCL in cities. These contributions are made with the specific cities and neighbourhoods in mind where the CLARISSA programme is being implemented; however, they should be useful more generally.

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Brown, Kevin A., Nathan M. Stall, Eugene Joh, Upton Allen, Isaac I. Bogoch, Sarah A. Buchan, Nick Daneman et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy for Ontario Using Age and Neighbourhood-Based Prioritization. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.10.1.0.

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Haider, Huma. Addressing Political Exclusion of Ethnic Minorities, IDP’s, and Refugees in the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.055.

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The quality of political inclusion of ethnic minorities1 in the Eastern Neighbourhood remains a significant challenge, despite institutions in place to promote the rights of national minorities and various programming designed to foster inclusion. This rapid review surveys donor, academic and NGO literature in this field. Literature on addressing the political exclusion of ethnic minorities is limited, with discussion of donor interventions even more sparse. The report thus draws on government initiatives; and on recommendations based on the country situation and international experience, which are not necessarily based on specific programming. There was greater information on Georgia and Moldova, than on Armenia (reflected in the sub-section country titles). In addition, there is limited discussion of programming to address the political exclusion of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees in the region. As such the report relies in part on general research and guidance on IDPs and refugees from a global perspective, including discussion of a few examples of initiatives outside of the Eastern Neighbourhood.

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Stall, Nathan M., Yoshiko Nakamachi, Melissa Chang, Shiran Isaacksz, Christa Sinclair Mills, Elizabeth Niedra, Camille Lemieux et al. Mobile In-Home COVID-19 Vaccination of Ontario Homebound Older Adults by Neighbourhood Risk. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.19.1.0.

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Homebound individuals face substantial barriers to receiving COVID-19 vaccines as they cannot or rarely leave their homes because of medical, psychiatric, cognitive, functional, transportation-related and social reasons. There are at least 75,000 Ontarians aged 65 years and above who are homebound, with the majority being women and people aged 85 years and above. Much of this older homebound population requires mobile in-home COVID-19 vaccination, which could be prioritized by residence in high SARS-CoV-2 risk neighbourhoods.

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Bhan, Gautam, Divya Ravindranath, Antara Rai Chowdhury, Rashee Mehra, Divij Sinha e Amruth Kiran. Employer Practices and Perceptions on Paid Domestic Work: Recruitment, Employment Relationships, and Social Protection. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/epppdwrersp11.2022.

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The key question of this study is to ask: What are the beliefs, motivations, and perceptions of employers toward recruitment, employment conditions, and social protection for domestic workers?We draw from personal interviews with 403 households in two large metropolitan Indian cities– Bengaluru and Chennai – with variations across socio-economic status, caste, neighbourhood type and across households with and without women working for wages. This Executive Summary outlines key findings and implications.

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