Bibliografias temáticas / Negotiation support

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Negotiation support"

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Publicado: 25 de maio de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Negotiation support"

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Wachowicz, Tomasz. "DECISION SUPPORT IN SOFTWARE SUPPORTED NEGOTIATIONS". Journal of Business Economics and Management 11, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2010): 576–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2010.28.

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In this paper we consider the idea of negotiations conducted by means of the software support tools. We present the advantages of the negotiation support systems discussing their different functions and typologies focusing later on the possibilities of decision support they can give to the negotiating parties in all negotiation phases. After presenting the most popular solutions we introduce also two of our own procedures that can be applied in the pre‐negotiation phase for eliciting negotiators’ preferences and building the offers’ scoring systems for the parties. The first one is based on the Hammond, Keeney and Raiffa's procedure of even swaps, while the second derives from the Roy's ELECTRE‐TRI. Both of them can be easily applied as the analytic engines in electronic negotiation systems replacing the classical additive scoring systems. We discuss also the issue of using different scoring systems in the successive negotiation phases.
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GWIAZDA-RZEPECKA, Brygida. "NEGOTIATIONS IN PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN – RESEARCH RESULTS". Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 163, n.º 1 (2 de janeiro de 2012): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3234.

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Negotiation has become one of the most socially effective methods of solving conflicts. The aim of this article is to present the results of research on negotiations in peace support operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. There have been five negotiating styles discussed as their role appears to be crucial in the negotiation process. Some conclusions on conducting negotiations have been elaborated as well.
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Foroughi, Abbas. "Minimizing Negotiation Process Losses With Computerized Negotiation Support Systems". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 14, n.º 4 (29 de agosto de 2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v14i4.5648.

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The growing frequency of negotiation situations as well as an increasing complexity of the issues that need to be resolved in a negotiation have generated interest in computer support for negotiation. Negotiation Support Systems (NSS) show potential for alleviating or overcoming major process losses which hinder the effectiveness of negotiations, including the negative effects of cognitive limitations, cognitive biases and dysfunctional socio-emotional aspects of negotiator behavior. This paper gives a brief overview of existing NSS and presents a framework for research in the NSS area, which highlights empirical research, which has already been conducted in this area. Also included is a discussion of future research directions, which are needed in the area of NSS.
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Jonker, Catholijn M., Koen V. Hindriks, Pascal Wiggers e Joost Broekens. "Negotiating Agents". AI Magazine 33, n.º 3 (20 de setembro de 2012): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v33i3.2421.

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Negotiation is a complex emotional decision-making process aiming to reach an agreement to exchange goods or services. From an agent technological perspective creating negotiating agents that can support humans with their negotiations is an interesting challenge. Already more than a decade, negotiating agents can outperform human beings (in terms of deal optimality) if the negotiation space is well-understood. However, the inherent semantic problem and the emotional issues involved make that negotiation cannot be handled by artificial intelligence alone, and a human-machine collaborative system is required. This article presents research goals, challenges, and an approach to create the next generation of negotiation support agents.
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De Moor, Aldo, e Hans Weigand. "Business Negotiation Support: Theory and Practice". International Negotiation 9, n.º 1 (2004): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806041262106.

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AbstractBusiness negotiation support systems (NSS) are slowly entering the market, although they lack a clear theoretical basis as of yet. Negotiation is a complicated process with many aspects that have only partially been described with the formal rigidity needed to build support systems. Most theories about negotiation are descriptive and not prescriptive, which, among other things, prevents their use as a basis for negotiation support systems. Complicating matters is that a negotiation process consists of several distinct stages, each with its own characteristics. Furthermore, there are many types of negotiations, depending on the domain. This suggests that we should not strive for one general negotiation support system, but for a set of domain-specific tools. To ground the development and application of these tools in different scenarios, we propose an integrated theoretical framework. After presenting an overview of existing negotiation support approaches, we construct a business negotiation support metamodel for NSS analysis. The metamodel is illustrated by analyzing the MeMo project, which concerns contract negotiations in small and medium enterprises in the European construction industry. The MeMo system is one of the first business NSS with an explicit international orientation.
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Piya, Sujan, Mohammad Miftaur Rahman Khan Khadem e Ahm Shamsuzzoha. "Negotiation based decision support system for order acceptance". Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 27, n.º 3 (4 de abril de 2016): 443–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-04-2015-0023.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of a make-to-order manufacturing company simultaneously negotiating multiple contingent orders that possess conflicting issues in order to achieve order acceptance decisions (OADs). Design/methodology/approach – The paper developed a mathematical model by incorporating probabilistic theory and some theories of negotiation in the OAD problem. The model helps to harness the relationship between the manufacturer and customers of contingent orders on conflicting issues. A numerical example is enumerated to illustrate the working mechanism and sensitivity of the model developed. Findings – In the negotiation-based OAD system, if more than one customer is willing to negotiate on the offer of manufacturer, rather than engaging in one-to-one negotiation, the manufacturer has to negotiate with all the customers simultaneously to maximize the expected contribution and acceptance probability from all the orders. Also, the numerical example illustrates that, sometimes, rejecting an order/orders from the order set gives better results in terms of the expected contribution than continuing negotiations on them. Originality/value – Through continuing research efforts in this domain, certain models and strategies have been developed for negotiation on a one-to-one basis (i.e. negotiation by the manufacture with only one customer at a time). One-to-one negotiation will neither help companies to streamline their production systems nor will it maximize the expected contribution. To the best of the author’s knowledge, so far, this is the first instance of research work in the domain of a joint OAD and negotiation framework that attempts to develop a simultaneous negotiation method for arriving at OADs.
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FILZMOSER, MICHAEL, JESUS RIOS, STEFAN STRECKER e RUDOLF VETSCHERA. "THE IMPACT OF ANALYTICAL SUPPORT AND PREFERENCE DETERMINATION ON CONSISTENCY IN E-NEGOTIATIONS — A NEW METHOD AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS". International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 09, n.º 05 (setembro de 2010): 673–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622010004068.

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This paper explores whether the decisions made by a negotiator during negotiations are consistent with her preferences. By considering the entire set of offers exchanged during a negotiation, the measures of consistency developed in this paper provide a compact representation of important behavioral characteristics throughout the negotiation process. The consistency measures developed in this paper are validated with data from an experimental study in which the impact of two factors on negotiation processes is studied: the availability of analytical support and imposed vs. elicited preferences. We find that negotiators behave more consistently when preferences are assigned to them by the experimenters than when their preferences are elicited. On the other hand, an impact of analytical support is only found when preferences are elicited. These results shed light on both the design of negotiation experiments and the development of negotiation support systems.
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Foroughi, Abbas. "A Survey Of The Use Of Computer Support For Negotiation". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 11, n.º 2 (21 de setembro de 2011): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v11i2.5882.

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A survey was taken of negotiation practices in business and industry. Of particular interest was the extent to which computer technology is being used to enhance and support negotiation. The most widely used types of computer support were costing of anticipated demands, mathematical models and contract analysis. Pre-negotiation and post-negotiation activities had been more widely supported by computers than had actual negotiation sessions. A large number of organizations expressed a willingness to use computer support for future negotiations, and the consensus was that pre-negotiation activities could most benefit from such support. Those who had not yet used computer support for negotiations felt that costing and contract analysis could cost benefit from such support. The survey identified areas in need of improvement in the negotiation process and provided the basis for identifying solutions to these problems which could be provided by the used of innovative computerized negotiation support.
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Neijens, Peter, Roderick Swaab e Tom Postmes. "Negotiation Support Systems: Communication and Information as Antecedents of Negotiation Settlement". International Negotiation 9, n.º 1 (2004): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806041262115.

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AbstractInnovative approaches such as the use of technology in negotiations raise questions of how technology interacts with the manifold contextual factors that play a role in negotiations. In this article, we introduce a theoretical framework that seeks to inform the design of Negotiation Support Systems (NSS) by focusing on two antecedents of negotiation success. On the one hand, we argue that NSS should stimulate a common (cultural) identity among the individual negotiators, a strong predictor of integrative agreements in prior research. On the other hand, NSS should seek to provide information in order to develop shared cognition among negotiators. Negotiators' perceptions of the problem at hand and possible solutions often diverge significantly as a consequence of their different knowledge and motives. In this article, we report some experimental support for this framework. We conclude that shared identity and shared cognition are relatively powerful predictors of outcomes of international negotiations, and that minimal variations in the configuration of an NSS can have strong effects on these results.
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Zhang, Hong, Kai Zhang, Marco Warsitzka e Roman Trötschel. "Negotiation complexity: a review and an integrative model". International Journal of Conflict Management 32, n.º 4 (17 de maio de 2021): 554–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-03-2020-0051.

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Purpose This paper aims to review and synthesize the existing literature related to negotiation complexity and provides an integrative model to systematically identify and examine factors contributing to negotiation complexity and how they affect negotiating parties’ behaviors and economic and subjective outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The approach was to combine relevant literature from negotiation in general and from negotiation complexity in particular and to develop and support an integrative model of complexity in real-world negotiations. Findings The literature on negotiation complexity and previous analytical frameworks are reviewed from a cross-disciplinary perspective. Based on the integrative review, an integrative model of negotiation complexity is proposed for identifying important complexity contributory factors. Six contributory factors are distinguished based on the three negotiation components – negotiation task, dynamic variables of negotiators and negotiation context. Their effects on negotiation complexity are examined and discussed with respect to four complexity dimensions (i.e. informational and computational, procedural, social and strategic dimensions). Finally, the effects of negotiation complexity on parties’ behaviors and outcomes are examined based on previous theoretical and empirical research and practical tools for managing negotiation complexity are delineated. Originality/value The integrative review and conceptualization of negotiation complexity are helpful for gaining a better understanding of negotiation complexity and its management in various real-world domains.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Negotiation support"

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Blood, Kimberly S., e Joseph G. Garcia. "Support decision and negotiation in an internet environment : an experience with negotiator/I". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9043.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
The purpose of this thesis is to explore implementation of decision support on the Internet. In particular it discusses four traditional decision making models. The information collected from these models will be applied to the creation of an Internet-based DSS. These models are the decision making model, problem solving model, creative thinking model, and the negotiation model. From an implementation point of view, this thesis develops a prototype decision support system for negotiation using Java. Realization of the prototype suggests that a decision support system (DSS) can be implemented using Java provided the DSS meets certain design parameters.
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Santos, Tiago José Ministro Costa. "Negotiation environment to support enterprise interoperability sustainability". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11218.

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Dissertation to obtain the Master degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Specialized and diversified global markets are facing a competitiveness that keeps pushing enterprises to abandon their traditional product centrism, where basically it is enough to concentrate their efforts in very narrow specialization fields and change their methods of work relying on networks of other providers that are able to fulfill their needs towards the development of complete solutions. These new methods of work, regarding the rapid change in markets and business organizations, requires new interoperability demands and complexity levels, from connection and syntax-oriented exchanges to semantic and model-oriented knowledge, which becomes very difficult for enterprises to cope with the pace of change. This dissertation proposes the implementation of a framework, based on agents and rules, to achieve solid and stable integration of solutions, via the use of a strong and formal negotiation mechanism, which will be the basis for increasing the enterprise interoperability in the supply chain for the development of solutions.
European Commission through the funding of the FP7 ENSEMBLE, UNITE, MSEE and IMAGINE projects
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Herniter, Bruce Corey. "Design and implementation of a negotiation support system". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185379.

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A Negotiation Support System (NSS) is a system consisting of hardware, software, people, and procedures that assists the individual negotiator, mediator, or researcher; and provides a solution or facilitates the process of negotiation. NSS have previously been designed around modeling and simulation, expert systems, and other techniques. However, negotiation can be considered a group process involving two or more teams with communication routed through the group leaders. Electronic Meeting Systems (EMS) provide a model for the use of computers during group processes. EMS provides a research model and a framework for the development of software tools. The framework specifies that a computer-based meeting system consists of the group, the task, and the context and finally the EMS itself. MEDIANSS and its successor GroupSystems/Mediation (GS/M) were tested in two contract negotiations totaling almost 90 hours over 23 sessions. The negotiators generally approved of the GS/M tools and used them: the negotiators spent 19% to 24% of their time using computers. Both negotiations concluded successfully. The major accomplishment of GS/M was its assistance in the secretarial function of the talks. The drafts of the contracts were finalized faster than typically expected.
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Damian, Daniela Elena. "Empirical studies of computer support for distributed requirements negotiation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq64805.pdf.

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Rhee, Hyeun-Suk. "A study on the impact of a negotiation support system on the negotiation process and outcomes". Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1263045995.

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Suarga. "Design and implementation of Collective Bargaining Support System (CBSS), a Web-based negotiation support system". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0003/NQ30114.pdf.

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Rajabi, Mohammad. "New decision support systems for Public Private Partnership projects". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25747.

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It is well established that one of the key contributing factors to the growth of countries’ economies is the existence of appropriate economic and social infrastructures. The setup of these infrastructures and their operation or delivery of public services associated with them have proved to be a costly and often unaffordable business for most governments. Therefore, private sector participation in the delivery of public services has been opted for by governments under Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). Additional reasons for the public sector to choose a PPP framework to deliver public services include the public sector representatives’ lack of sufficient technical knowledge and specifications required by most projects; the required amount of investment to implement such projects is too high to be affordable by the public sector alone; the increasing difficulties of predicting and controlling the uncertainties that typically govern the phases of such projects including the level of actual demand for the related services by the time the project is operational; the level of bureaucracy in the public sector and its implications on the time frame of decision-making processes; the relatively low efficiency in project execution by the public sector; and most importantly the fact that, in practice, these difficulties are often better managed by the private sector who seem to possess both the financial and the executive capabilities to undertake such projects Currently, there is a gap in the game theory literature on modelling PPP related decisions and issues. This thesis contributes to reducing such gap by proposing three novel and practice-oriented game theoretical models along with algorithms for solving them, namely an ordinal game for the shortlisting of potential private sector partners; two non-cooperative dynamic games for negotiation with shortlisted private sector partners and selection of private sector partner to award the PPP contract to; and a non-cooperative dynamic game for financial renegotiation post-PPP contract award. In sum, each novel game addresses an important problem faced by the private sector during the typical stages of the life cycle of PPPs, namely private sector partner selection at the tendering stage; negotiation between the public sector and shortlisted bidders to select the candidate to whom to award a PPP contract to at the post-tendering stage; and financial re-negotiation between the public sector and the selected private sector partner at the post-contract award stage.
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Vickers, Randal R. Wright Carl M. "Web-centric systems in support of argumentation, negotiation, and organizatioinal memory /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341066.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997.
"December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Tung X. Bui, Suresh Sridhar. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63). Also available online.
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Vickers, Randal R., e Carl M. Wright. "Web-centric systems in support of argumentation, negotiation, and organizatioinal memory". Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9158.

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The purpose of this thesis is to propose and demonstrate a new negotiation and argumentation medium. This medium will take advantage of the latest in web technologies while conducting a detailed analysis and design of a prototype web based decision support system to support on-line argumentation, claims, and team decisions. The information obtained from the application will be stored in an ODBC database, to be used as part of the organizational memory. Organization memory will significantly enhance an organizations ability to utilize historical data in conjunction with current decision making requirements. The findings in this study strongly support the strengths of the action-resource based argumentation system (ARBAS) model and indicate that future research and application development would significantly advance the fields of web-based negotiation and argumentation. A web-centric prototype developed during this research can be viewed at HTTP://WWW.CIMNET. NPS. NAVY. MIL/ THESIS
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LoPinto, Frank Anthony. "An Agent-Based Distributed Decision Support System Framework for Mediated Negotiation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27401.

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Implementing an e-market for limited supply perishable asset (LiSPA) products is a problem at the intersection of online purchasing and distributed decision support systems (DistDSS). In this dissertation, we introduce and define LiSPA products, provide real-world examples, develop a framework for a distributed system to implement an e-market for LiSPA products, and provide proof-of-concept for the two major components of the framework. The DistDSS framework requires customers to instantiate agents that learn their preferences and evaluate products on their behalf. Accurately eliciting and modeling customer preferences in a quick and easy manner is a major hurdle for implementing this agent-based system. A methodology is developed for this problem using conjoint analysis and neural networks. The framework also contains a model component that is addressed in this work. The model component is presented as a mediator of customer negotiation that uses the agent-based preference models mentioned above and employs a linear programming model to maximize overall satisfaction of the total market.
Ph. D.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Negotiation support"

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Support practice handbook: Preparation, negotiation, trial. New York, N.Y: Kluwer Law Book Publishers, 1985.

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X, Bui Tung, Jelassi Tawfik e Shakun Melvin F, eds. Group decision and negotiation support systems. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990.

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Z, Nahorski, e Owsiński J. W, eds. Support for decision and negotiation processes. Basel: J.C. Baltzer, 1994.

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Blood, Kimberly S. Support decision and negotiation in an internet environment: An experience with negotiator/I. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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F, Shakun Melvin, ed. Group decision and negotiation support systems (GDNSS). Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1990.

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Morais, Danielle Costa, Ashley Carreras, Adiel Teixeira de Almeida e Rudolf Vetschera, eds. Group Decision and Negotiation: Behavior, Models, and Support. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21711-2.

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Jelassi, Tawfik. "An introduction to group decision and negotiation support". Fontainbleau: INSEAD, 1986.

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Support-bargaining, economics, and society: A social species. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.

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Shaikh, Shazib E. E-business process negotiation: Formal requirements for strategy support. Lahore: Centre for Management and Economic Research, Lahore University of Management Sciences, 2007.

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Campos Ferreira, Marta, Thomasz Wachowicz, Pascale Zaraté e Yu Maemura, eds. Human-Centric Decision and Negotiation Support for Societal Transitions. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59373-4.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Negotiation support"

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Mukhopadhyay, Debajyoti, Archana Chougule e Sheetal Vij. "Negotiation". In Decision Support System and Automated Negotiations, 119–26. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003408253-11.

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Ströbel, Michael. "Electronic negotiation support". In Engineering Electronic Negotiations, 73–109. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0703-1_4.

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Kersten, Gregory E., e Hsiangchu Lai. "Negotiation Support and E-negotiation Systems". In Handbook on Decision Support Systems 1, 469–508. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48713-5_23.

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Schoop, Mareike. "Negoisst: Complex Digital Negotiation Support". In Handbook of Group Decision and Negotiation, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12051-1_24-1.

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Vetschera, Rudolf. "Negotiation Support: Trends and Problems". In Integrated Series in Information Systems, 167–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70377-6_10.

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Schoop, Mareike. "Negoisst: Complex Digital Negotiation Support". In Handbook of Group Decision and Negotiation, 1149–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49629-6_24.

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Kilgour, D. Marc, Liping Fang e Keith W. Hipel. "Negotiation Support Using the Decision Support System GMCR". In Negotiation Processes: Modeling Frameworks and Information Technology, 71–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1824-5_6.

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Corrente, Salvatore, José Rui Figueira, Salvatore Greco e Roman Słowiński. "Multiple Criteria Decision Support". In Handbook of Group Decision and Negotiation, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12051-1_33-1.

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Corrente, Salvatore, José Rui Figueira, Salvatore Greco e Roman Słowiński. "Multiple Criteria Decision Support". In Handbook of Group Decision and Negotiation, 893–920. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49629-6_33.

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Aydoğan, Reyhan, e Catholijn M. Jonker. "Bidding Support by the Pocket Negotiator Improves Negotiation Outcomes". In Recent Advances in Agent-Based Negotiation: Applications and Competition Challenges, 52–83. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0561-4_4.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Negotiation support"

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Peleckis, Kęstutis. "Preparation of International Business Negotiations Strategies Based on Evaluation of Negotiating Power: Case of E-Commerce". In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. VGTU Technika, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibme.2015.03.

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Research Design and Methods: logical analysis, generating conclusions, comparing and generalization methods, game theory methods, multiple criteria evaluation. Findings: from experimental verification of model, which was created by author of article for development of international business negotiations strategies, it can be stated that this model can be used for electronic negotiations: both as a standalone tool or as a measure requiring partial negotiator intervention. As well created negotiation strategy model can be used to support the negotiations through various databases. Results of the investigation can be used to create business negotiation strategies in international business, with regard to globalization, internationalization and cooperation processes characterized by multiculturalism. Implications and Recommendations: The use of the heuristic algorithms can help to manage effectively the process of negotiations. Selection of principles and rules must be carried out by specialists of high qualifications and experience, consultants, negotiators in the fields concerned, in order to determine which option is the best, taking into account the specifics of each task, goals and conditions. Contribution and Value Added: perspective of using the developed model of international business negotiations: negotiation support tool, information tool for reducing uncertainty, autonomous engine of the negotiation process, management of large quantities of information.
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Tung Bui e M. F. Shakun. "Negotiation support systems". In 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1173678.

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Bui, T. X., e M. F. Shakun. "Negotiation support systems minitrack". In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2004.1265098.

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Bui, Tung, e Melvin Shakun. "Minitrack: Negotiation Support Systems". In 2007 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2007.377.

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Ying, Lei, e Zhang Shijun. "Argumentation-Based Negotiation Support". In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.943.

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Lim, L. H., e I. Benbasat. "From negotiation to negotiation support systems: a theoretical perspective". In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1992.183424.

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Qiu, Yuming, Ping Ge e Solomon C. Yim. "Enabling Local Risk Assessment to Support Global Collaboration in a Distributed Environment". In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99159.

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Risk is a crucial criterion for decision making among multiple stakeholders negotiating for an agreement in a distributed environment. The challenge here is that risk may have different meanings and implications to different stakeholders, and this creates considerable barriers to effective negotiation and coordination in collaborative design. Our goal is to 1) capture the heterogeneous risk information at intra- and inter- stakeholder levels, 2) represent them using a uniform structure based on a function-failure relationship, and 3) enable the negotiation of the risk information among the multiple stakeholders through this uniform structure. Though a significant number of existing methods for risk analysis and management have been developed, these methods mainly focus on the local domain of a certain single stakeholder, and few have considered the possible influence and variations related to global aspects that is important for negotiation among multiple, distributed stakeholders. This work develops intra-level risk property tables to capture and represent the various risk evaluations from individual members in a single stakeholder; and then inter-level risk property tables are formed based on the synthesis of the various intra-level risk properties into a group representation for the single stakeholder, which is directly used in global negotiation and coordination with other stakeholders. An adjustable approach is used in our work to enable the adjustability of the intra- and inter- level risk evaluations via negotiation. An example problem from a NSF/NEES-sponsored research collaborative network is used to demonstrate the use of this method. The preliminary results show that this method has potential in enabling local risk assessment to support global negotiation and coordination in a distributed, collaborative environment.
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Nitta, Katsumi, Masato Shibasaki, Akira Yamazaki e Yoshiaki Yasumura. "A legal negotiation support system". In the seventh international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/323706.323785.

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Rouhani, Omid M., Kaveh Madani e Sona Gholizadeh. "Caspian Sea Negotiation Support System". In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)277.

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Duecker, Marita, Bernd Gutkauf e Stefanie Thies. "Negotiation support for compiling knowledge". In the international ACM SIGGROUP conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/320297.320300.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Negotiation support"

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Hathaway, Dale E. The Impacts of U.S. Agricultural and Trade Policy on Trade Liberalization and Integation via a U.S.-Central American Free Trade Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, outubro de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011098.

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This study looks at several major legislative actions in 2002 that will substantially affect trade negotiations with the United States, and examines the US import protection for agricultural products that will be critical in trade negotiations with Central American countries. The two important legislative actions were the passage of the 2002 Farm Bill and the passage of Trade Promotion Authority, which provides for "fast track" treatment of trade agreements. The 2002 farm bill was widely denounced as a major reversal of US farm policy, away from the earlier move toward reduced levels of support and toward decoupled supports for key commodities. In fact, however, the 2002 farm bill contained the same support mechanisms that were in the highly touted 1996 farm bill. The 2002 farm bill also reauthorizes the various export programs that the US government uses to support the increased exports of US farm products. The Trade Promotion Authority contains several new restrictions on US negotiators. It lays out a list of sensitive agricultural products and requires special procedures before any negotiations to liberalize access can occur. In addition to the list of sensitive products the US has some significant tariffs on a number of products that the Central American countries export to the US. Elimination of these tariffs can provide significant gains in market access for some products. In summary, the successful negotiation and approval of a US-CAFTA will require major political will on both sides to overcome the major hurdles that exist.
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Greenhill, Lucy. MASTS ‘Brexit’ event – summary report. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.25094.

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Background. As negotiations continue in relation to the UK’s departure from the European Union, considerable uncertainty remains around the final structure of any deal and the implications across all policy areas. Maritime issues are of key concern in Scotland and numerous reports and opinions are accumulating, highlighting significant areas of concern, ranging from fisheries to decommissioning, and some potential opportunities. There is a critical need for knowledge and capacity to support and influence the on-going negotiation process, at both the Scottish and UK level. Expertise regarding the broad range of marine research, operations and commerce is in demand to support discussion, promote interests and secure advances where possible. Such discussion must be based on the best available science but taking into account the socio-economic and historical context. The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland1 (MASTS) is supporting this discussion, providing scientific expertise and promoting the development of emerging policy and progress towards sustainable marine management, during the transition period and for the post-departure UK organisation. This workshop, supported by MASTS, brought government and academia together to consider the legal, governmental and research framework under which Brexit is taking place and to identify priority areas and activities where information can be shared and options considered for enhancing scientific support for the Brexit process. The objectives were to: • Understand current status of Brexit with respect to marine systems and research capacity, including the legislative framework • Identify the priority gaps in knowledge • Develop ways to enhance communication pathways for the best scientific advice required to support the Brexit process.
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Sebban, Fanny, James Revill, Johanna Kleffmann, Renata Hessmann Dalaqua e Vivienne Zhang. Revitalizing the Conference on Disarmament: Workshop Report. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/23/cd-retreat.

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The Conference on Disarmament (CD) has played a significant role in the negotiation of several major multilateral agreements that continue to contribute to global peace and security. More recently, however, negotiation in the CD has reached an impasse, leaving it unable to make progress on its agenda at a point of growing geopolitical tension. To address this issue, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), with the support of France and Germany, organized a high-level retreat in Montreux, Switzerland, on 22–23 June 2023 to discuss ideas to revitalize the work of the CD and its relationship with the wider disarmament machinery. Seventy-nine participants from 60 States (including 51 CD Member States and 9 States that have applied for Observer status to the CD) participated in the retreat in their personal capacity. This report provides a factual summary of the discussion in Montreux.
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Sebban, Fanny, James Revill, Johanna Kleffmann, Renata Hessmann Dalaqua e Vivienne Zhang. Revitalizing the Conference on Disarmament: Workshop Report. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/23/cd-retreat.

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The Conference on Disarmament (CD) has played a significant role in the negotiation of several major multilateral agreements that continue to contribute to global peace and security. More recently, however, negotiation in the CD has reached an impasse, leaving it unable to make progress on its agenda at a point of growing geopolitical tension. To address this issue, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), with the support of France and Germany, organized a high-level retreat in Montreux, Switzerland, on 22–23 June 2023 to discuss ideas to revitalize the work of the CD and its relationship with the wider disarmament machinery. Seventy-nine participants from 60 States (including 51 CD Member States and 9 States that have applied for Observer status to the CD) participated in the retreat in their personal capacity. This report provides a factual summary of the discussion in Montreux.
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Collington, Rosie, e William Lazonick. Pricing for Medicine Innovation: A Regulatory Approach to Support Drug Development and Patient Access. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, janeiro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp176.

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The United States represents the world’s largest market for pharmaceutical drugs. It is also the only advanced economy in the world that does not regulate drug prices. There is no upper threshold for the prices of medicines in the United States. List prices are instead set by manufacturers in negotiation with supply-chain intermediaries, though some federal programs have degrees of discretion in price determinations. In practice, this deregulated system means that drug prices in the United States are generally far higher than in other advanced economies, adversely affecting patient accessibility and system affordability. In this paper, we draw on the “theory of innovative enterprise” to develop a framework that provides both a critique of the existing pricing system in the United States and a foundation for developing a new model of pricing regulation to support safety and effectiveness through drug development as well as accessibility and affordability in the distribution of approved medicines to patients. We introduce a regulatory approach we term “Pricing for Medicine Innovation” (PMI), which departs dramatically from the market-equilibrium assumptions of conventional (neoclassical) economics. The PMI approach recognizes the centrality of collective investments by government agencies and business firms in the productive capabilities that underpin the drug development process. PMI specifies the conditions under which, at the firm level, drug pricing can support both sustained investment in these capabilities and improved patient access. PMI can advance both of these objectives simultaneously by regulating not just the level of corporate profit but also its allocation to reinvestment in the drug development process. PMI suggests that although price caps are likely to improve drug affordability, there remain two potential issues with this pricing approach. Firstly, in an innovation system where a company’s sales revenue is the source of its finance for further drug development, price caps may deprive a firm of the means to invest in innovation. Secondly, even with adequate profits available for investment in innovation, a firm that is run to maximize shareholder value will tend to use those profits to fund distributions to shareholders rather than for investment in drug innovation. We argue that, if implemented properly, PMI could both improve the affordability of medicines and enhance the innovative performance of pharmaceutical companies.
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Zhou, Edward W., Paula G. Chaves da Silva, Debbie Quijada e Fred D. Ledley. Considering Returns on Federal Investment in the Negotiated “Maximum Fair Price” of Drugs Under the Inflation Reduction Act: an Analysis. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, fevereiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp219.

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The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 contained landmark provisions authorizing government to negotiate a “maximum fair price” for selected Medicare Part D drugs considering the manufacturer’s research and development costs, federal support for discovery and development, the extent to which the drugs address unmet medical needs, and other factors. This working paper describes federal investment in the discovery and development of the ten drugs selected for price negotiation in the first year of the IRA as well as the health value created through Medicare Part D spending on these drugs. We identified $11.7 billion in NIH funding for basic or applied research leading to approval of these drugs with median investment costs of $895.4 million/drug. This early public investment provided a median cost savings to industry of $1,485 million/drug, comparable to reported levels of investment by industry. From 2017-2021, Medicare Part D spent $126.4 billion (median $10.7 billion) for these products before rebates. Excluding two products for diabetes, Medicare Part D spending was $97.4 billion and the total health value created was 650,940 QALYs or $67.7 billion (WTP/QALY=$104K) representing a negative residual health value of -$29.7 billion (before rebates). We argue that a negotiated fair price should provide returns on both private and public investments in these products commensurate with the scale and risk of these investments, with the principal return on public sector investments being the residual health value (net price) accruing to those using the product. These empirical data provide a cost basis for negotiating a fair price that rewards early government investments in innovation and provides social value for the public.
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M'Causland Sánchez, María Cecilia, Catalina Flórez Salazar, José Luis Benavides e María Eugenia Roca. Public Procurement in Latin America and the Caribbean and IDB-financed project: a Normative and Comparative Study. Inter-American Development Bank, dezembro de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010665.

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In recent years, Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have madeimportant advances in the modernization of their public procurement systems. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), with the aim of maintaining and deepening its commitment to LAC countries under its development effectiveness framework, has been adapting the approach to procurement in projects to ensure that internationally accepted standards and good market practices are followed, while assisting countries efficiently and effectively in a changing environment. This study presents a comparative analysis of the normative public procurement frameworks of 12 LAC countries with respect to IDB procurement policies. The main goal of the study is to identify the main differences and opportunities that have been analyzed the most in IDB¿s procurement policies to support the strategy of alignment to the demands of the countries in the abovementioned development effectiveness framework. The study identified the need to describe explicitly the guiding principles of public procurement in the IDB¿s Procurement Policy, as well as broaden the concept of value for money; include new methods of procurement, such as competitive dialogue and negotiation; make the evaluation criteria for works and goods in complex projects more flexible; incorporate the use of technology for certain contracting methods, such as framework agreements and reverse auctions; and streamline the use of national public procurement systems.
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Estevadeordal, Antoni. Negotiating Preferential Market Access: The Case of NAFTA. Inter-American Development Bank, junho de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011086.

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There is a growing interest related to the theoretical analysis of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Nevertheless, there has been as yet very little empirical research on the topic, in particular, on the negotiating dynamics of these types of agreements. This paper attempts to make a contribution in this direction examining the relationship between the two most important market access instruments in the case of NAFTA negotiations: the preferential tariff phase-outs and the accompanying rules of origin (RoO). The traditional literature has viewed market access negotiations solely in terms of tariff (and non-tariff) negotiations. From an analytical point of view, the role of RoO, that is the rules that are designed to determine the origin of products in international trade, has usually been restricted to a "secondary" or "supportive" function. As such, RoO were seen to assist in the application or implementation of other "primary" instruments. In the case of preferential RoO, they help to determine when a particular good will be granted preferential tariff treatment. Using a newly constructed data set this paper estimates a simultaneous equation model where the endogenous variables are the preferential tariff phase-outs between Mexico and the United States and the RoO under the NAFTA agreement. The empirical findings of this paper support the view that in accordance with recent literature, the NAFTA RoO were used as an independent commercial policy instrument with a "primary" market access function as it is the case with the traditional preferential tariffs.
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Asgedom, Amare, Shelby Carvalho e Pauline Rose. Negotiating Equity: Examining Priorities, Ownership, and Politics Shaping Ethiopia’s Large-Scale Education Reforms for Equitable Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), março de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/067.

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In 2018, the Government of Ethiopia committed to large-scale, donor-supported reforms aimed at improving equitable learning in the basic education system—the General Education Quality Improvement Program for Equity (GEQIP-E). In this paper, we examine the reform design process in the context of Ethiopia’s political environment as a strong developmental state, assessing the influence of different stakeholder priorities which have led to the focus on equity within the quality reforms. Drawing on qualitative data from 81 key informant interviews with federal and regional government officials and donors, we explore the negotiation and power dynamics which have shaped the design of the reforms. We find that a legacy of moderately successful reforms, and a shared commitment to global goals, paved the way for negotiations of more complex and ambitious reforms between government actors and donors. Within government, we identify that regional governments were only tokenistically included in the reform process. Given that regions are responsible for the implementation of these reforms, their limited involvement in the design could have implications for success.
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Hearson, Martin, Frederik Heitmüller e Vincent Arel-Bundock. Tax Treaty Norms Among Lower- Income Countries and the Role of the UN Model: Past, Present and Potential. Institute of Development Studies, agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.045.

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Bilateral tax treaties draw heavily from model conventions published by international organisations. In this paper we investigate the influence of the UN model on tax treaties signed by lower-income countries, as well as the potential for specific model provisions to be mainstreamed in a greater number of treaties. Despite its focus on the interests of lower-income countries, the UN model is often assumed to play a minor role compared to the OECD model. Drawing from an updated version of the ICTD Tax Treaties Explorer dataset, we find that a subset of UN model provisions can already be considered as the norm in treaties concluded by lower-income countries. Among the provisions now uniquely found in the UN model, these are the inclusion of ‘supervisory activities’ in article 5(3)a, and the whole of articles 5(3)(b) and 14. The prevalence of many UN articles is increasing, suggesting that more provisions could join these three. The influence of the UN model becomes even more apparent when we focus on the amount of bilateral investment into lower-income countries that is taxed according to UN model provisions. To assess the avenues for further change we study countries’ reservations to model conventions, as well as their recent negotiation history. This allows us to identify those provisions that are most likely to be strong priorities for lower-income countries, and acceptable to a large number of partner countries. In particular, UN articles 5(4)(b), 5(6) and 21(3) are all increasing in prevalence, have strong support from lower-income countries expressed as observations on the OECD model treaty, and show significant renegotiation potential from recent country-level precedent. Overall, we find that there is significant scope for lower-income countries to renegotiate treaties with a view to obtain more rights to tax income at source.
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