Teses / dissertações: "Nation – Belize"

1

Trumbach, Monica. "Rethinking the female body, gender and nation in Zee Edgell's Belize". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59253.pdf.

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Ramirez, Romero Aïda. "Héritage colonial et construction de l'école nationale : Discours, normes et pratiques de socialisations à une nation plurielle. Le cas du Belize". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2023.

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Dans ce travail, « nation » et « diversité » sont pensées et questionnées ensemble, depuis le champ de l'éducation. Cette thèse apporte des éléments qui expliquent comment se construisent et se naturalisent les formes d'identification à une catégorie nationale. Les réflexions visent à décentrer l'idée qu'une nation est « une et homogène » et à questionner la place que les différences culturelles occupent, en termes d'inclusion et d'exclusion, dans les discours sur la nation. Ici, le concept de « nation », composant du modèle politique de l'État-nation, est compris comme une construction politique et sociale. Il est question du Belize (historiquement colonisé par la Grande-Bretagne et indépendant depuis 1981) qui, comme de nombreuses « nouvelles » nations après les décolonisations, a été légitimée par un pouvoir mondial et a été définie, délimitée et « manufacturée » depuis « le haut » par un État. L'éducation est un outil largement investi par les États pour diffuser des représentations et des symboles qui contribuent à la construction d'identifications nationales. Les écoles sont aussi des espaces de socialisations multiples où les individus se socialisent et construisent des identifications selon des catégories sociales. Cette recherche examine les manières dans lesquelles les acteurs du système éducatif (institutions et espaces scolaires) mobilisent et transforment, dans les récits historiques (textes, paroles, images, etc.), des catégories raciales et ethniques qui participent, dans les écoles, aux processus d'incorporation et d'identification à la nation. Pour appréhender la complexité des processus de « nationalisations » des écoliers, cette recherche combine trois axes d'analyses : l'histoire sociale de l'institutionnalisation de l'école coloniale ; une sociologie des acteurs d'institutions éducatives chargés d'écrire l'histoire nationale ; une ethnographie des pratiques éducatives dans des écoles primaires. Ainsi, ce travail considère les dimensions historiques, institutionnelles, idéologiques et sociales qui participent à la socialisation des acteurs qui font l'école. Depuis des perspectives locales et globales, les analyses montrent que le développement de l'éducation coloniale a contribué à façonner des identités raciales et ethniques propres au Belize, qui se réarticulent, aujourd'hui, à l'école nationale. La thèse met en lumière les liens entre les institutions de l'État (ministère de l'Éducation, université) avec une organisation ethnique et avec les écoles primaires, dans l'élaboration et l'implantation de programmes éducatifs. Elle rend compte de reproductions, de transformations et d'appropriations ethnopolitiques de l'histoire coloniale qui font évoluer, non seulement, les discours historiques sur la nation, mais qui éclairent aussi la diversité des significations que les acteurs construisent sur les différences. Enfin, les voix des écoliers nuancent et questionnent les discours schématiques et stéréotypés des institutions. Le poids de l'histoire est conséquent, néanmoins, les expressions des enfants recueillies dans le cadre de cette étude montrent à quel point les imaginaires nationaux sont fluides et pluriels, les élèves s'approprient et réinterprètent les discours, en faisant preuve qu'il n'existe pas « une nation », mais bien une multiplicité de perceptions et de vécus qui donnent du sens à des identifications qualifiées de nationales
In this work, “nation” and “diversity” are thought and questioned together from the Education field. This dissertation brings elements that explain how identifications to a national category are constructed and naturalized. The reflections aim to decenter the idea that a nation is “one and homogenous” and to question the place that cultural differences occupy, in terms of inclusion and exclusion, in the discourses about the nation. Here, the concept of nation, as part of the Nation-state political model, is understood as a political and social construction. It is about Belize, historically colonized by Great Britain and independent from 1981, that like many other “new” nations after decolonization, were legitimized by an international power and was defined, demarcated, and “manufactured” from a State. The Education is a tool largely invested by States to diffuse representations and symbols that contribute to constructions of national identifications. The schools are also spaces where children socialize daily and construct identifications according to social categories. This research studies the ways in which actors of the educative system (institutions and schools) mobilize and transform, in historical accounts (texts, speeches, images, etc.) racial and ethnic categories which participate, in the schools, to the process of national incorporation and identification. In order to understand the complexity of the process of “nationalization” of students, this study combines three analytical approaches: the social history of the institutionalization of the colonial education; a sociology of actors in educational institutions responsible to write the national history; an ethnography of educational practices in primary schools. In this way, this work considers the historical, institutional, ideological, and social dimensions that contribute to build national socializations in schools. From local and global perspectives, the analyses show that the development of the colonial education participated to shape racial and ethnic identities specific to Belize that are rearticulated today in the national school. The dissertation enlightens the links between governmental institutions (ministry of Education, University) with an ethnic organization and primary schools, in the elaboration and implementation of educational programs or projects. It reports on reproductions, transformations and ethnopolitical appropriations of the colonial history that make evolved, not only the historical stories of the nation, but also shows the diversity of significations that actors construct about differences. Finally, the voices of the children nuance and question the schematical and stereotypical discourses of the institutions. The weight of history is significant, however, the student expressions collected in this study, show how far the national imaginaries are smooth and plural, the pupils appropriate and reinterpret the discourses, proving that there is no “one nation”, but a multiplicity of perceptions and backgrounds that give meanings to identifications qualified as nationals

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Cunin, Elisabeth. "Administrer les étrangers: race, métissage, nation. Migrations afrobéliziennes Migrations afrobéliziennes dans le Territoire de Quintana Roo, 1902-1940". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053972.

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Le Territoire de Quintana Roo, au sud-est du Mexique, à la frontière avec le Belize, naît en 1902. Confrontées à une population très peu nombreuse, les autorités locales et nationales mettent en œuvre des mesures pour attirer de nouveaux habitants. Et pour les définir. Dans cette région périphérique, le peuplement constitue un enjeu stratégique d'affirmation de la souveraineté et de l'identité nationales. Il manifeste l'affirmation d'un biopouvoir - et de ses limites - amenant à imposer les caractéristiques raciales et nationales de la population. Cette recherche mène une sociologie historique portant à la fois sur la racialisation des politiques migratoires, l'instauration de mesures d'intégration et de développement de la région (expéditions scientifiques, accès aux terres, type d'exploitation foncière) et les négociations entre administrations du centre (Mexico) et de la périphérie (Payo Obispo - Chetumal). En s'intéressant à l'émergence d'une nouvelle entité politico-administrative à la marge de la nation et en inscrivant le Mexique au sein des sociétés post-esclavagistes marquées par les migrations de travailleurs afrodescendants, il s'agit ainsi d'introduire une altérité autre qu'indienne dans les réflexions sur la nation, le métissage et la race, à partir du cas de l'étranger noir. Ce manuscrit revient sur les logiques d'inclusion et d'exclusion propres aux politiques de métissage dans le Mexique post-révolutionnaire, en proposant un double décalage : étudier la place des populations noires plus que celle des indiens ; se centrer sur l'immigration plus que sur l'autochtonie.

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Lewis, Gilda. "A National Approach to Touch Keyboarding Instruction on Computers in Primary Schools in Belize". NSUWorks, 1998. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/669.

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As a result of this study, it was possible to make suggestions for informed pedagogical decisions, regarding the manner in which learning should be structured for a national approach to touch keyboarding instruction on computers at the primary school level in Belize. The population consists of 1,757 Standard 2 students in the 68 primary schools in the Belize District. The design was a posttest-only control group design with random assignment of subjects to four sub-groups, and random assignment to two types of treatment at counter-balanced times and days. A cluster sample of 29 students in an intact class, divided into four sub-groups, was drawn from a typical, co-educational, inner-city primary school in Belize City. Two sub-groups -- the experimental group –used the Herzog System of Keyboarding, i.e., Herzog Fast-Track text and Hub-Key Sensors, and presentation of the keys in alphabetic sequence. The other two sub-groups the control group -- received keyboarding instruction by the traditional method, i.e., keyboarding text, and home keys followed by random letters. Subjects were taught the alphabet keys, period, comma, shift lock, and shift keys in about 11'/2 hours spread over an 8-week period, divided into 4-week sessions for each treatment. Towards the end of the period of instruction, subjects were involved in using their keyboarding capability to compose language arts material at the keyboard. At the end of the period of instruction, two 3-minute straight copy timings were administered as the posttest. Scores for each subject were averaged and analyzed by a parametric statistical test, viz., analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was hypothesized that subjects who were taught touch keyboarding by the Herzog System would achieve higher speeds, that they would be more accurate, and that they would be more adept at composing at the keyboard, than students taught by the traditional method. The analysis of variance procedure did not support the first two hypotheses, but it supported the third hypothesis.

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Haug, Sarah Woodbury. "From many cultures, one nation : ethnic and nationalist identity in Belizean children /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6508.

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Koll, Johannes. "Die belgische Nation : Patriotismus und Nationalbewußtsein in den Südlichen Niederlanden im späten 18. Jahrhundert /". Münster : Waxmann, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40022965f.

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Covert, Julia L. "A narrative analysis of National board- and non-national Board-Certified Teachers's belief systems /". The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488199501403774.

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Cullen, Anne Mary. "Belief in the nation : a postcolonial reading of Los anÌƒos con Laura DiÌaz by Carlos Fuentes". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433016.

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Anderson, Kirsten. "National Powers of Belief: Folklore, Mythology and Festival in Nazi Germany". TopSCHOLAR®, 1999. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/740.

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In this thesis, I examine the relationship between folklore and nationalism in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany. More specifically, I focus on how the Nazis used folklore and the work of folklorists in their propaganda. The first chapter documents the development of nationalism and the creation of the discipline of folklore based on the theories of Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) and Wilhelm Riehl (1823-1897). Herder wanted the Germans to rediscover their national heritage through folklore materials, and Riehl argued that folklore and folklorists should serve the Fatherland. In the 1930s, the Nazi Party used the discipline of folklore as a tool for their cultural policies and ideological education because the discipline had such close associations with nationalism and anti-Semitism. In Chapter Two, I trace the development of the National Socialist ideology from the conservative revolution and the Volkisch movements of the nineteenth century. National Socialism was akin to a religion and in Chapter Three, I document the careers of two of its "priests": Alfred Rosenberg, the philosopher of the NSDAP, and Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS. Both men created folklore organizations and employed folklorists to support the Nazi ideology. In Chapter Four, I analyze the festival theory of two folklorists employed by Rosenberg and then examine the Nazi festival calendar, which was based on both traditional holidays and the new celebrations of the Nazi Party. The annual Reichsparteitag (Reich Party Day), held in 1923, 1926, 1927, 1929, and then from 1933 to 1938, was the most important holiday on the Nazi calendar and I analyze it as a folk festival in Chapter Five, using the theories of Victor Turner, Alessandro Falassi, and Barbara Myerhoff. In addition, I use the theories of John Dorst concerning ethnography in a postmodern society and performance folkloristics to analyze the verbal art and performances at the rallies. Finally, I conclude with an overview of how German Volkskunde has changed after the Nazi era and discuss how the issue of folklore and ideology in Germany relates to the American discipline of folklore with a brief look at American festivals like the White Top Music Festival in Virginia (1931-1939) and the current Festival of American Folklife in Washington D.C. Three themes inform this analysis: 1.) Both folklore studies and National Socialism have a common background in the issues of the nineteenth century: nationalism, irrationalism, and the notion that Germany was a nation with a special destiny; 2.) The Nazi Party was unique in comparison with other political organizations because it made such conscious use of folklore materials. The Nazis' active use of folklore in all of its forms attracted ordinary Germans who had suffered great losses in the First World War, felt threatened by the radical modernity of the Weimar Republic, suffered through the Depression, and wanted to feel good about their nation again; and 3.) By examining specific issues like folklore and festivals, we can gain a deeper understanding of why Germans accepted Adolf Hitler and National Socialism.

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Cal, Gabriel. "Opportunity to Learn (OTL) and the Alignment of Upper Division Mathematics Learning Outcomes, Textbooks, and the National Assessment in Belize". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3027.

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Boxus, Dominique. "La nation et ses mutations : une lecture d'une paix royale, roman belge francophone contemporain de Pierre Mertens". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7631.

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O presente estudo tem como objeto final a análise do romance belga francófono contemporâneo Une paix royale, publicado em 1995 por Pierre Mertens. No que diz respeito a um espaço nacional sem conformidade com o modelo canônico do Estadonação, quer-se evidenciar o estatuto de uma poética romanesca no seu processo de invenção do mito da nação e as peculiaridades da representação nacional que essa poética contribui a gerar. Tal abordagem do texto literário tem como pressuposto um estudo teórico sobre o conceito de nação, do qual são apresentadas uma história e uma definição. Também é levada em consideração a natureza das relações que a ficção romanesca estabelece com o mito da nação: a invenção do mesmo – que pode incluir sua desconstrução - utiliza uma linguagem específica da qual o romance e o campo literário em geral são enunciadores privilegiados. Essas considerações teóricas abrem caminho para um método interpretativo de textos francófonos que são os portadores contemporâneos do mito da nação belga, ou seja, manifestos publicados por intelectuais e por escritores entre 1976 e 2003, e o romance Une paix royale. A tese manifesta o papel criativo das Letras belgas francófonas na renovação da nação, que conserva uma atualidade

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Berzin, Marion. "Bruxelles et la crise de l'État-nation belge : de la ville-capitale à la métropole en réseau". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30010.

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Les ressorts d’une crise de l’État-nation belge sont avant tout analysés comme la montée croissante des mouvements nationalistes, régionalistes flamands et wallons (Witte, 2011 ; Bitsch, 2004) Ici, la crise s’inscrit prioritairement dans une logique de fragmentation territoriale. D’un État-nation unitaire, centralisé et francophone, la Belgique est devenue officiellement au cours du XX e siècle un État fédéral, composé de trois Régions (Wallonie, Flandre, Bruxelles-Capitale) et de trois Communautés (Française, Flamande et Germanophone). Cette progressive fragmentation de l’État-nation territorial belge s’est doublée d’une logique de confrontation entre deux groupes politiques et identitaires : les Flamands (néerlandophones) et les Wallons (francophones). Dans cette logique de confrontation, c’est la capitale belge, Bruxelles, qui apparaît comme le terrain de jeu conflictuel et l’enjeu territorial entre Flamands et Francophones. Appréhender la crise de l’État-nation belge au prisme de l’enjeu territorial bruxellois nourrit la démarche d’ensemble de cette thèse. L’origine grecque du concept de crise, krisis, fournit des éléments d’analyse essentiels afin de dépasser une approche de l’ébranlement de l’État-nation centrée sur les effets et les situations de blocage. Le concept de crise met en œuvre le couple conceptuel de aporie/poros/kairos. Le poros signifie le passage, l’issue, le chemin. A contrario, l’aporie désigne des situations de blocage et l’absence d’issue. L’aporie, les situations de blocages de l’État-nation belge se matérialisant à Bruxelles, révèlent le paradoxe sur lequel se sont construits les États-nations territoriaux. Dans ce contexte, l’introduction du kairos – l’opportunité - dans cette situation d’aporie se réfère à l’émergence d’un paradigme concurrent au nationalisme méthodologique : le cosmopolitisme méthodologique. Celui-ci se nourrit de l’affirmation et de la reconnaissance de différents mécanismes globaux et urbains, distillant de la diversité au sein des sociétés, se jouant ainsi des paradigmes et des constructions nationales reconnues ou en devenir. Dans cette perspective, cette thèse étudie l’émergence de mouvements urbains comme porteurs de ce cosmopolitisme méthodologique dans un ensemble de pratiques politiques, sociales et spatiales. Plus spécifiquement, cette recherche porte sur le mouvement bruxellois, regroupant aujourd’hui une partie de la société civile et des partis politiques à Bruxelles, et dont l’objectif est de proposer une alternative à la montée croissante des nationalismes en Belgique, mis en concurrence au sein de l’espace bruxellois
This work analyzes the patterns of the crisis of the Belgian Nation-state and its territorial fragmentation in the light of the rise of nationalist movements (Witte, 2011 ; Bitsch, 2004). From a centralized, French-speaking and unitary Nation-State, Belgium became, during the 20th century, a federal state. The Belgian federal state gathers three Regions (Wallonia, Flanders, Brussels Capital-Region) and three Communities (French-speaking, Flemish and German-Speaking). This progressive territorial fragmentation was coupled with a confrontation between political groups with strong identity claims: the Flemish (Dutch speaking) and Walloon (French speaking). Amidst this confrontation Brussels appears as a conflicting territorial issue between the Flemish and the French-Speaking Community. This work aims precisely to understand the crisis of the Belgian Nation-State through the role of and issues at stake with Brussels. The Greek origin of the concept of crisis, krisis, provides cornerstone elements to overcome an approach centered on the nation-state ‘blocking effects’. The relations among aporia/kairos/poros structure the concept of krisis. The poros means the outcome, the way out. In contrast, aporia reflects a deadlock situation and the lack of solutions. In the context of our study, the introduction of kairos – i.e. opportunity – refers to the emergence of a methodological cosmopolitan paradigm (Beck, 2003). It refers to the affirmation and recognition of urban and global mechanisms, distilling diversity within societies. In this perspective, this thesis focuses on the emergence of urban movements who are supporting methodological cosmopolitanism in a set of political, social and spatial practices. More specifically, it researches how the Brussels’ urban movement brings together the civil society and political parties to offer an alternative to the increasing rise of nationalism in Belgium

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Palmberg, Björn. "The influence of national curricula and national assessments on teachers’ beliefs about the goals of school mathematics". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88067.

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What students should learn in school and therefore also what teachers should teach is an important issue worldwide. Mathematics teaching (and teaching in other subjects) is often regulated by some form of governing text in a written curriculum communcating a set of standards. Another common mean through which policy is communicated is assessments, which for example can convey policy by communicating desirable outcomes in student learning. A common problem with regulating what teachers do through policy means is that it often is difficult to achieve intended changes. This study investigates the impact of a national reform in Sweden initiated in 1994, introducing mathematical competency goals by communicating them through the national curriculum and national assessments. The study is based on analysis of data obtained from the Swedish Schools Inspectorate (SSI), which conducted a quality review of upper secondary school mathematics teaching. During this quality review, the SSI collected data on a representative sample of 145 upper secondary mathematics teachers through interviews, observations, and surveys. This was done in 2009 and 2010, which means that the reform from a time perspective has had ample time to exert influence on teachers. In the study the data obtained from the SSI was analyzed in order to answer two questions: have teachers changed their beliefs about the goals of upper secondary school mathematics in line with the intentions of the reform, and why have, or have they not, changed their beliefs about the goals of upper secondary school mathematics in line with the intentions of the reform? In research on teachers’ reception of policy messages, similar to the one introduced in Sweden, it has been found that a common response to these messages is that teachers are positive to the message. However, although positive, teachers have often been found to only adopt superficial properties of the reform while still maintaining a highly traditional view of teaching and the goals of teaching, not consistent with the intentions of the reform. Therefore, the questions in this study were examined by using a model that can explain why teachers, when confronted with a reform message, change their beliefs in profound or superficial ways, or not at all. Through analysis of the SSI-data, measures on constructs of the model were obtained, and with statistical means it was examined whether the model can account for the changes in teachers’ beliefs about the goals of upper secondary school mathematics. The results of the study suggest that the Swedish reform has had a relatively small impact, and that the model can give an explanation to why some Swedish upper secondary teachers of mathematics have changed their beliefs in line with the reform, some have changed them in superficial ways, and some have not changed them in any discernable way. Whether teachers perceive the reform as entailing an important and non-trivial change for them seems to be of utmost importance. The results of this study suggest that if teachers do not perceive this, they will not process the message deeply, which by the results of this study suggest that there is little chance for them to change their beliefs in a profound way. If they however do perceive the message as entailing an important and non-trivial change, this study suggests that chances are greater that teachers will change their beliefs in line with the reform. Teachers’ interest in the subject and their perceptions of the usefulness of the documents communicating the message are then in this study suggested to be important factors influencing whether teachers will process the reform message systematically, which in turn heavily influences whether they will change their beliefs in a profound way. One practical implication, suggested by this study is that when policy communicates a new and non-trivial message with the intention of influencing teachers, it is important that the message is communicated clearly. Such clarity makes it more difficult for a teacher to superficially interpret the message as being in accordance with the teacher’s earlier beliefs, and thus not entail any need for change. However, to attain such clarity of a complex message is not an easy task to accomplish.

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Lee, Christine Shen-Chirng. "The power and the glory : belief, sacramentality and native Andean Catholic priests in Talavera, Peru". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16549.

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In Talavera, a small town in the rural south-central Peruvian Andes, Catholicism is deeply rooted in local institutions, society and history. I explore Talaveran Catholicism primarily through the eyes of the priests and the core parish community, and in doing so seek to contribute to the anthropology of Christianity, including the anthropology of Catholicism, and the anthropology of the Andes. Engaging with dominant models in the anthropology of Christianity of Christianity as a religion of conversion and radical discontinuity, I argue that in Talavera, such models no longer ring true for local Catholics: instead, Christian conversion is long forgotten and taken for granted, while Christianity is an important source of continuity with the past. This is related to the activities of the current generation of Catholic priests in Talavera, who are locally native and who by and large tend to be more sympathetic to local Andean Catholic traditions as a result—but without subscribing to dominant anthropological framings for pro-Andean sentiment. Instead, I draw on David Brown's formulation of Christian tradition to argue for a new anthropological model views the ‘syncretic' aspects of Andean Catholicism as simply part of Catholicism in general. Following the emphasis on incorporating theology, I subsequently argue that we need to take seriously Catholic notions of sacramentality as an ontological transformation—a theme throughout the majority of the thesis. I argue that sacramentality underlies how Catholic priests can be simultaneously divine and human through the sacrament of ordination; structures clerical-lay relations in Catholic parishes by creating the space for lay assistants to carry out the work of priests without becoming priests themselves; and causes membership of the Catholic Church, thereby leaving belief to carry out the work of improving, rather than effecting, one's Catholic-ness.

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Freeman, Jesse L. "A national study of what school board members believe to be most essential to their effectiveness". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39913.

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The major purpose of this study was to determine what school board members believe to be most essential to their effectiveness; board members' perceptions of their knowledge in the essential areas of board responsibility; and how they gain information and training to become more effective in these essential areas. The study utilized descriptive research methodology and survey technique to gather data from a national sample of school board members. A stratified random sample of board members was selected from the list of subscribers to the American School Board Journal. The survey was designed to collect demographic and personal data about board members and to obtain information on their perceptions of the most essential facets of school board membership. In addition, the survey asked board members to rate their strengths and weaknesses in these essential areas, and how they gained information and training in their districts. Of the 3,744 or 15.5% subscribers sampled, 968 or 25.6% responded. The study was sponsored by The American School Board Journal, published by the National School Boards Association, the national professional organization for school board members in the United States.
Ed. D.

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Favry, Amélie. "Affirmation du sentiment national belge au travers de la représentation du paysage, 1780-1850". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211052.

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Entre 1780 et 1850, les Belges développent une image symbolique de leur environnement physique. Cette image, conjuguée à une action de transformation du terrain, participe à la structuration de l’environnement belge en un territoire national. Elle témoigne d’une grande stabilité durant l’époque considérée. Dans cette optique symbolique, l’environnement belge incarne les caractères de la communauté nationale, il exprime non seulement le long passé partagé par le sol et les hommes, les interactions séculaires qui les lient, mais aussi les aspirations nourries par les Belges à l’égard de l’avenir.

Les premières images mentales du territoire national développées dans le chef des Belges consistent en lieux génériques (les expressions en italiques sont empruntées à Bernard Debarbieux). Définis par le discours, ces lieux génériques sont des environnements physiques dont la physionomie résulte des donnés naturels et de leur transformation par l’homme. La physionomie de ces lieux est donc dominée par l’agriculture, l’industrie et l’habitat humain. Ces configurations génériques ne recouvrent en réalité qu’une partie du territoire national. Leur élection en tant que résumé idéal du territoire belge, reflète les aspirations de la communauté.

La qualité esthétique paysagère des lieux génériques du territoire belge n’apparaît pas cependant avec évidence aux contemporains. Un écart sépare le discours et la représentation picturale. Si le premier reconnaît souvent une qualité esthétique aux lieux génériques, qui deviennent alors des paysages, la représentation iconographique se montre plus réticente à leur égard.

Les Belges de l’époque développent une seconde facette symbolique de leur territoire. Ils soulignent l’omniprésence des souvenirs historiques nationaux dans leur environnement. La Belgique leur apparaît telle un ensemble de lieux de condensation. Le discours contemporain et les œuvres des peintres, lithographes ou graveurs, témoignant d’une cohésion remarquable, illustrent abondamment les lieux de condensation belges.

Les Belges cherchent à diffuser ces images mentales parmi leurs compatriotes. Ce projet collectif répond à une volonté de faire connaître et adopter ces paysages symboliques par l’ensemble des membres de la nation. Cette connaissance passe pour le socle sur lequel peuvent se développer les sentiments d’attachement à la patrie et d’identification à la nation. Le discours et l’image sont mobilisés à cette fin.

Ces préoccupations interviennent dans le travail des peintres de paysages. Toutefois, le choix d’un site par un paysagiste belge représentant l’environnement national, est d’abord guidé par des critères internes à la pratique picturale. Ses critères de choix rencontrent en effet ceux qu’émet le discours de l’époque définissant les normes de qualité esthétique d’un tableau. L’artiste tend en outre à satisfaire les attentes du public, lequel cherche à combler son envie d’évasion hors de la cité, mais aussi à se rassurer quant à l’harmonie et à la viabilité de la société contemporaine. Les peintres (et donc leur public) manifestent pourtant une faveur particulière envers les sites belges. Ce goût dénote une identification et un attachement au pays habité par la nation historique, telle que la décrit le discours contemporain. Même s’il vient après la satisfaction des critères esthétiques, le critère de l’identification à un site belge intervient de façon notable dans l’attrait exercé par un paysage peint.

Il apparaît ainsi que les lieux génériques (agricoles et industriels) passent difficilement le premier crible, esthétique, tandis que les lieux de condensation satisfont tant les attentes esthétiques que les attentes symboliques – qualité qui assure leur succès en tant que motifs picturaux.

Les paysagistes élaborent en outre une image paysagère générique de la Belgique qui est une adaptation, conforme aux critères d’appréciation en vigueur dans le champ de la représentation picturale, du paysage générique agricole et industriel défini par le discours contemporain. Leurs œuvres dépeignent en effet la Belgique comme un territoire réalisant les canons pittoresques, comme un environnement verdoyant, boisé, vallonné, peuplé, traversé de rivières, semé d’habitations, de moulins ou autres fabriques anciennes. Dans les années 1840, les paysagistes développent également une nouvelle facette dans ce paysage générique pictural, en représentant les étendues arides, stériles et très peu peuplées, présentes sur le territoire. Cette apparition inaugure une période nouvelle, durant laquelle l’image picturale de la Belgique se dédouble, embrassant, d’une part, les sites prisés durant les premières décennies du siècle et, de l’autre, les plaines de bruyères désertes peu à peu investies d’une valeur identitaire et élevées au rang de configuration générique nationale.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Åslund, Robin. "Organizational resilience and the humanitarioan sector : Exploring Organizational Resilience in Policy and Practice within the United Nations". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162559.

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The notion of ‘organizational resilience’ has risen exponentially in recent years; it is the ability of an organization to ‘bounce back’ and continue key functions during disruptive events. The rise follows the will to better face the unforeseen and complex adversity that modern times throws at organizations. This study, following a single-case exploratory research design, aims to establish knowledge regarding organizational resilience in the humanitarian sector; by exploring the policy and practice of the United Nations. The author builds an Analytical Framework based on the leading research in the field of organizational resilience, in order to grasp an understanding of the organization's different beliefs, capabilities, and proficiencies necessary to establish and maintain a resilient organization. Concluding with the statement that while there are areas of challenges, the humanitarian sector provides a case not only to scrutinize, but also to learn from.

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Haynes, Brandon D. "A Gateway for Everyone to Believe: Identity, Disaster, and Football in New Orleans". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1712.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the dynamic processes of collective identity by examining the relationship between New Orleans and its professional football team, the Saints, after Hurricane Katrina. Much of the discourse written on American professional sports focuses on economic transactions between player and franchise or franchise and city. This study explores sports from a cultural perspective to understand the perceived social values provided to the host community. This case study spans the years from 2006 to 2013 and discusses several major events, including the Hurricane Katrina disaster, the reopening of the Superdome, the Saints winning a league championship and subsequent cheating scandal, and the city’s hosting of Super Bowl XLVII. Using a mixed-method approach of content analysis, in-person interviews, and participant observation, this research demonstrates how post-Hurricane Katrina events altered the collective identity in New Orleans. Additionally, it explores how the interaction of sports, identity, and ritual served to create a civic religion in New Orleans. Finally, the research examines the impact of this religious devotion on New Orleans’ tourist economy.

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Ounaina, Hamdi. "La double histoire des artistes de l'Ecole de Tunis. Ressources et stratégies de réussite des élites tunisiennes entre colonisation et Etat-nation". Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030107.

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L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment, tout au long d’un siècle de pratique artistique moderne en Tunisie, seule l’histoire des artistes du groupe de l’École de Tunis est visible ? Pourtant, en faisant appel à de multiples documents, pour certains inédits, et en mettant en lien plusieurs faits demeurant jusque là négligés, une histoire parallèle émerge. Dès lors, le monde de l’art n’est plus réductible à ce que l’on en connaît. Comment expliquer la réussite de ce groupe de peintres et la sape d’une dynamique artistique post-coloniale ne demandant qu’à émerger ? Comment a-t-on pu atteindre un consensus général et une efficacité sociale irréprochable basée sur la persuasion ? L’emploi de l’approche organisationnelle, de la sociologie des groupes restreints et de la socio-histoire permet de rendre intelligible, l’action sociale de ce groupe. Cette action est le produit d’un ensemble de stratégies de coalition et d’exclusion, avec pour conséquence la monopolisation du monde de l’art depuis sa création jusqu’à la fin des années quatre-vingt. Si l’histoire conventionnelle est erronée quant à la réalité des faits, elle jouit d’une efficacité sociale irréprochable puisque l’ensemble des acteurs, mêmes les opposants, y ont adhéré en y croyant. Ils ont, par conséquent, contribué au renforcement de la croyance à des idées reçues
The objective of this research is to understand how during a century long of practice of modern art in Tunisia only the history of artists from the “Ecole de Tunis” are known. However when looking through several first hand documents, even those that were neglected, and by linking several events a parallel history arises. Thus the world of art is surely not one knows. How can one explain the success of this group of painters and the repression of post-colonial dynamic artistic that was on the rise? How could such a comprise be obtained and the prefect social efficiency be baised on persuasion. The theory of management, the sociology of small groups and the sociohistory allowed me to understand the social action of this group. This action is the results of coalition and exclusion strategies that allowed this group form “Ecole de Tunis” to monopolise the world of art until the eighty’s. If the conventional history contradicts what re! ally happened, nevertheless it had a perfect social efficiency because together all the actors, even those in opposition, adhere to it by believing in it. Consequently even they have contributed to the belief of the ideas received

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Menge, Wemo. "Le transfert de savoir d'une metropole vers une colonie : cas de l'institut national pour l'etude agronomique du congo belge (ineac)". Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070091.

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Le transfert geographique de savoir, au dela de son aspect conceptuel, reste un fait social qui suppose une relation d'echange culturel et scientifique entre civilisations differentes. Le cas de l'institut national pour l'etude agronomique du congo belge (ineac) en est une illustration vivante. Cree en 1933, pour promouvoir le developpement scientifique de l'agriculture congolaise, l'ineac a suivi, au cours de l'expansion scientifique qui a accompagne la colonisation fin xixe siecle, toute une evolution qui va de la prospection a ses origines jusqu'a l'experimentation et la recherche. Nous avons etudie les changements dans les politiques d'organisation de la science - recherche fondamentale et recherche appliquee ainsi que l'evolution historique d'une discipline : la recherche agronomique tropicale. Comme les savoirs produits par l'ineac etaient guides exclusivement par un objectif d'accroissement de la productivite agricole, on ne peut, au sens strict du terme, parler de transfert de savoir. Car dans les pays ou la colonisation ne s'est preoccupee de la science que comme d'un outil d'exploitation, la question du transfert de savoir relevait plus de la problematique de mise en valeur que d'echange culturel entre europeens et africains. Meme si l'ineac a cherche a reconstruire un savoir hybride, apres la deuxieme guerre mondiale, avec l'experimentation des paysannats agricoles, les transferts de savoir ont ete trop limites et les efforts de formation de chercheurs africains derisoires, pour laisser au congo une tradition de recherche scientifique. Ces observations historiques expliquent donc la nature des difficultes rencontrees par les congolais dans leur tentative d'adapter les heritages scientifiques coloniaux aux realites socio economiques du pays
More than a diffusion of concepts, the transfer of knowledge from one place to an other is a social fact, a process of cultural exchange between different civilisations. The case of the institut national pour l'etude agronomique du congo belge (ineac) is a vivid illustration of this fact. This institution was established in 1933 to promote the scientific improvement of congolese agriculture. This creation was an important step in the scientific expansion which accompanied the process of colonization, from exploration and survey, to research and experimentation. We explored the place of science in the colonial context and the shifting ways it was organised (applied and pure), and followed the historical changes of a disciplin : tropical agricultural science. As the knowledge produced by the ineac was merely guided by the will to increase agricultural production, talking about transfer would be, strictly speaking, misleading. In dominated countries where ruling powers were interested in developping science only as a tool for exploitation, science was more a matter of harnessing than of cultural exchange between local knowledge and european science. Even if the paysannats represent attempts to hybridize farmers' and researchers' knowledge, transfer of knowledge and concern for training african researchers were really too weak and did not lead to the constitution of any scientific tradition of research in congo. These historical observations explain the nature of difficulties the congolese faced when they undertook to adapt the scientific colonial heritage to the socioeconomical realities of the country

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Diagre, Denis. "Le jardin botanique de Bruxelles (1826-1912): miroir d'une jeune nation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210873.

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Stenbäck, Tomas. "Swedish Belief and Swedish Tradition : The Role of Religion in Sweden Democrat Nationalism". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Religionsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33345.

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In the context of Western, European, Nordic, and Swedish radical nationalism, this study is an analysis of the various ways the political party the Sweden Democrats talks about religion; primarily about Swedish Evangelical-Lutheran Christianity and the Church of Sweden. The study investigates the party expressions on religion and nationalism, using theoretical models of interpretation, constructed for this specific purpose, out of hermeneutic methodology. The purpose has been to analyse the different functions of the various ways the Sweden Democrats talk about religion, and to investigate how the references to religion legitimize the ideology of nationalism, with the aim to answer the following questions: How do the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion function as an identity marker? In what way is it possible to distinguish an aspiration for cultural purity in the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion? Is it possible to distinguish neo-racism in the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion? In which ways can the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion be regarded as political strategy? The results demonstrate in which ways the Sweden Democrats apply religion to promote the party perceptions of nationalism, as well as to legitimize the party conceptions of the Swedish nation and the Swedish people: Swedish Christianity and the Church of Sweden are used to identify Swedish culture and to identify contrasting foreign culture. Swedish Christianity is used as the determining factor between the good Swedish people and the bad other people. Swedish Christianity is used as the determining factor between the right Swedish values and the wrong values of the other. Swedish Christian values are used as dividing criteria between the culturally pure Swedish people and the culturally impure other people. The degeneration of the Church of Sweden mirrors the degeneration of the Swedish society. Swedish Christian homogeneity will guarantee security for the Swedish people and the Swedish nation within the Swedish nation-state. Elements of religion and culture sort different peoples into different categories in the hierarchical view of humanity. Swedish Christianity and Swedish culture identify and define the Swedish people as innocent to the current precarious situation of the Swedish nation, and Swedish Christianity and Swedish culture identify and define the people of the other, which is to blame for this situation. The Swedish people is superior, to the non-Swedish people, because of superior Swedish religion and superior Swedish culture. Swedish Christianity is used to promote anti-democratic political positions. Swedish Christianity is used to legitimize coercion and force in the enforcement of Swedishness.

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Kaui, Toni Marie Mapuana. "Developing Cultural Competence and Promoting Culturally Responsive Teaching in STEM Educators of Native Hawaiian Students". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79845.

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The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first was to determine the degree of culturally responsive teaching practices and level of cultural competence of participants who teach upper elementary (grades three through six) STEM educators of predominantly Native Hawaiian students. The second purpose was to identify differences in cultural competence and culturally responsive teaching practices of those same participants identified above. These two participant groups were from the State of Hawaiʻi Department of Education’s Keonepoko and Pāhoa Elementary Schools. Both schools are from the Keaʻau-Kaʻu-Pāhoa Complex Area. The educators from Keonepoko were afforded knowledge and experiences from a culture-based professional development program known as the Moenahā School Program, while the educators from Pāhoa were not afforded these same knowledge and experiences. Using a quantitative, quasi-experimental design, data were collected via an online survey using three instruments: the Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy Inventory (CRTSE), the Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Questionnaire (CCSAQ), and the Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Scale Demographic Information (CCSASDI). The data were analyzed using mean scores and those mean scores were compared for differences using a Mann-Whitney U test. The findings indicated the Moenahā participants had a statistically significantly higher level of cultural competence and higher degree of culturally responsive teaching practices than the non-Moenahā participants suggesting the importance of cultural competence professional development iii opportunities. These findings are applicable for teachers in schools with an higher Native Hawaiian student population.
Ph. D.

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Caballero, Piza Andrés Leonardo. "Wearing their national costumes: nacionalidades en pasarela: imágenes de Brasil y Colombia en el Miss Universo". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6640.

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O concurso Miss Universo foi criado nos Estados Unidos em 1952, realizando-se anualmente até hoje, onde as rainhas da beleza ou misses desfilam em seus “trajes típicos”. A presente pesquisa analisa o papel destas mulheres como sujeitos políticos, no que diz respeito a se converterem em embaixadoras da beleza que personificam suas nações em cada edição do certame, sendo exportadoras de imagens positivas dos lugares que representam. Este trabalho teve como foco o estudo dos trajes típicos desfilados pelas candidatas do Brasil e da Colômbia. A modo introdutório, apresentam-se algumas noções preliminares para adentrar no estudo dos concursos de beleza como dados históricos, o formato da competição e outras produções acadêmicas relacionadas com a temática. A seguir, abordei alguns conceitos que dialogam com o certame, desde uma perspectiva crítica e acadêmica, tais como identidade, nação, raça, etnicidade, entre outros, levando à interpretação das misses como sujeitos políticos. Posteriormente, realiza-se um percurso bibliográfico sobre o termo national costume (termo original em inglês para se referir a este tipo de indumentárias), e desde ali definir o que este significaria dentro do concurso de beleza, apresentando finalmente uma análise dos trajes colombianos e brasileiros que modelaram na passarela do Miss Universo como os nacionais ou os característicos de cada lugar representado, através de vestuários alusivos às riquezas e patrimônios naturais e culturais de cada país. Esta pesquisa foi possível graças às fotografias e recursos audiovisuais digitalizados e disponíveis na internet por meio da participação ativa de seguidores do concurso em fóruns virtuais e outras redes sociais. Este trabalho procura demonstrar como um concurso de beleza e a representação dos países em trajes típicos, contribuem para à integração nacional e afirmação das identidades.
El concurso Miss Universo fue creado en Estados Unidos en 1952, realizándose anualmente hasta nuestros días, desfilando allí las reinas de belleza o misses en sus “trajes típicos”. La presente investigación analiza el papel de estas mujeres como sujetos políticos, en la medida que se convierten en embajadoras de la belleza que personifican a sus naciones en cada edición del certamen, siendo exportadoras de imágenes positivas de los lugares que representan, enfocándose este trabajo en el estudio de los trajes típicos desfilados por las candidatas de Brasil y Colombia. A modo introductorio, se presentan algunas nociones preliminares para adentrarse en el estudio de los concursos de belleza, como datos históricos, el formato de competición y otros productos académicos relacionados con el tema. Seguidamente, se abordarán algunos conceptos que dialogan con el certamen desde una perspectiva crítica y académica, tales como identidad, nación, raza, etnicidad, entre otros, llevando a la interpretación de las misses como sujetos políticos. Posteriormente, se realiza un recorrido bibliográfico sobre el término national costume (término original en inglés para referirse a este tipo de indumentarias), y desde allí definir lo que este significaría dentro del concurso de belleza, presentando finalmente un análisis de los trajes colombianos y brasileños que modelaron en la pasarela del Miss Universo como los nacionales o característicos de cada lugar representado, a través de vestuarios alusivos a las riquezas y patrimonios naturales y culturales de cada país. Esta investigación fue posible gracias a las fotografías y recursos audiovisuales digitalizados y disponibles en internet por medio de la participación activa de seguidores del concurso en foros virtuales y otras redes sociales. Este trabajo busca mostrar cómo por medio de un concurso de belleza y la representación de los países en trajes típicos, se contribuye a la integración nacional y se refuerzan identidades.

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Olsson, Linnea. "Human-elephant conflicts : A qualitative case study of farmers’ attitudes toward elephants in Babati, Tanzania". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24091.

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It is widely recognized that human-wildlife conflicts can reduce farmers’ support for long-term species conservation. The subject of human-elephant conflicts is highly relevant in villages around Babati District in North Central Tanzania because of the closeness to Tarangire National Park. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine local farmers’ attitudes toward elephants and the attitudes’ effects on conservation efforts. Primary data was collected through a qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews with twelve farmers in four villages around Babati, with Wildlife Officer Nashon Macokesha at Babati District Council and with Allan Carlson, Nature Conservation Expert at WWF. A thematic analysis was done to make comparisons between the answers from farmers, Macokesha and Carlson. The Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value-Belief-Norm theory were also used to analyze the underlying factors of the farmers’ attitudes. The results of this study show that around half of the farmers have positive attitudes toward elephants, while the other half think negatively of them. Elephants were identified as the most problematic species and crop-raiding as the most problematic type of human-elephant conflict. The problems that farmers experience do to crop-raiding and other types of human-elephant conflicts include the direct effects of lost livelihood and income and indirect effects like health impacts and security issues. The result also indicates that factors affecting farmers’ attitudes toward elephants include: 1) the proportion of available land affected by elephants, 2) the closeness of farmers’ fields to Tarangire National Park, 3) the lack of compensation, 4) the ability to affect the decision-making concerning the human-elephant conflicts and 5) the information about and knowledge of elephants and their importance. The underlying cause of the human-elephant conflicts is identified to be the spatial overlap of the two species. To prevent human-elephant encounters in the first place, thereby reducing the risk of human-elephants conflicts, better land use planning can be used to avoid settlement and cultivation close to protected areas. Buffer zones can be established around national parks and reserves to reduce the overlap between humans and wildlife. Mitigation through preventive and deterrent methods like lighting fires, making noises, using chili-dung or chili-grease to scare elephants off farmers’ fields can also be used. Another alternative is to switch from growing high-risk crops that elephants prefer to crops like chili or sesame which rarely gets eaten by elephants.
Att konflikter mellan människor och djurliv kan minska bönders stöd för artbevarande åtgärder är välkänt bland forskare. Konflikter mellan människor och elefanter är vitt förekommande i byar i Babati-distriktet i norra Tanzania på grund av närheten till nationalparken Tarangire. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka bönders attityder till elefanter och attitydernas effekter för bevarandeåtgärder. Primärdata samlades in genom ett kvalitativt upplägg med semistrukturerade intervjuer med tolv bönder i fyra byar i Babati, med Wildlife Officer Nashon Macokesha på Babati District Council samt med Allan Carlson, naturvårdsexpert på WWF. En tematisk analys utfördes för att jämföra svaren mellan bönderna, Macokesha och Carlson och the Theory of Planned Behavior samt the Value-Belief-Norm theory användes för att analysera de underliggande orsakerna bakom böndernas attityder. Resultatet från denna studie visar att ungefär hälften av bönderna har positiva attityder till elefanter, medan den andra hälften har negativa åsikter om dem. Elefanter identifierades som den mest problematiska arten för bönderna och förstörandet av grödor som den mest problematiska typen av konflikt mellan människor och elefanter. Problemen som bönderna upplever till följd av dessa konflikter inkluderar direkta effekter som förlorad inkomst och försämrade försörjningsmöjligheter, men också indirekta effekter som hälso- och säkerhetsproblem. Faktorer som enligt resultaten i denna studie kan påverka böndernas attityder till elefanter innefattar: 1) andelen tillgänglig mark som påverkas av elefanter, 2) närheten från böndernas mark till nationalparken Tarangire, 3) bristen på kompensation, 4) möjligheten att påverka beslutsprocessen gällande konflikten mellan människor och elefanter samt 5) information och kunskap om elefanter och deras betydelse. Den underliggande orsaken till konflikterna mellan människor och elefanter identifieras vara överlappet i användningsområden mellan de båda arterna. För att förhindra möten mellan människor och elefanter, och därmed minska risken för konflikter, behövs bättre markanvändningsplanering så att bosättning och jordbruk undviks i närheten av skyddade områden. Buffertzoner kan också anläggas runt nationalparker och reservat för att minska överlappet mellan människor och djur. Avskräckande åtgärder, som att tända eldar, göra oväsen, tända chilibriketter eller sätta upp chili-rep, för att hålla elefanter borta från böndernas åkrar kan också användas. Ett annat alternativ är att bönderna byter från att odla högriskgrödor som elefanter föredrar till att odla grödor som chili eller sesam, vilka sällan eller aldrig äts av elefanter.

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Scuto, Denis J.-P. M. "La construction de la nationalité luxembourgeoise: une histoire sous influence française, belge et allemande, 1839-1940". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210310.

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La thèse analyse l'évolution de la législation de la nationalité du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg du Code civil des Français (1803) à la loi toute récente de 2008, avec une étude détaillée de la période qui va de l'indépendance du pays (1839) au début de la Seconde guerre mondiale (1940). L'étude dégage l'influence importante de la législation des pays voisins sur cette évolution.L'histoire de l'Etat-nation, des migrations et de la politique migratoire est également abordée.

The dissertation analyzes the evolution of the nationality legislation of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg from the French Code civil (1803) till the most recent law of 2008.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Cates, Sarah Elizabeth. "An Analysis of National HIV/AIDS Education Efforts Among 15-39 Year Olds and Health Care Workers Applying the Health Belief Model (HBM) in Six Cities in Sonsonate, El Salvador". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26201.

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This descriptive research used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and behavioral practices within the population throughout the State of Sonsonate, El Salvador. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was also utilized to display the results of this population study. The study population was composed of 15-39 year olds consisting of a total sample size of 1,500 (250 participants from each of the six cities). The basis of this study was to evaluate where this population fit within the Health Belief Model (HBM) and also to practically represent the results pictorially. Also, this information was collected so that the government of El Salvador could see and understand where their educational deficits existed so that future programs could be established to alleviate these discrepancies. An instrument consisting of 65 items including demographics, knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and behavioral practices was used for the general population. The analysis of the data was two-fold using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping and statistical analysis. GIS mapping was used to graphically pinpoint areas of knowledge deficit and misinformation about HIV/AIDS. Results were based on a general population of 1,454. Various indices were created to show the level of knowledge or frequency of safe behavioral practices. The Perceived Severity and Perceived Susceptibility sections were not aggregated into an index but rather treated as individual variables. An item analysis of the questionnaire found that on average the general population responded correctly to 78% of the knowledge questions. However, a total of 11 questions in the knowledge section had less 75% (n=385) of the general population answering correctly. Another 3 questions in the behavior section were also found to have less than 75% (n=385) indicating safe behavioral practices. Linear regression analyses were performed to explore correlations between the areas of demographics, knowledge level, perceived severity, and perceived susceptibility to safe behavior. GIS maps were created to pictorially show where this population's deficiencies were in regard to the HBM. This research helped to pinpoint where this population fits within the construct of the Health Belief Model so that future educational efforts can be targeted in geographic areas with the greatest need. This will help to move this sample toward behavioral change.
Ph. D.

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Mukuna, Lunda. "Économie métropolitaine et modernisation agricole coloniale : concertation entre l'INEAC et l'État dans le domaine de l'agriculture villageoise au Congo-belge : 1947-1960". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29102.

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Danovska, Ketija. "Vaccination Hesitancy Among Parents in Stockholm, Sweden : A qualitative study examining the effect of the incorporation of the “United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child” into Swedish Law in 2020". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43153.

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Background: On 1 January 2020, the UNCRC was incorporated into the Swedish national law. The Convention argues that all children have the right to health, life, survival and development. The Articles of the UNCRC require higher authorities, health facilities and parents to act in the best interest of children, and to do everything to secure children’s rights. Interpreting the Convention, it is possible to conclude that all children have the right to safe and effective vaccines. Even though vaccines are accessible and free of charge to all children in Sweden, vaccination coverage for multiple vaccine-preventable diseases in Sweden has dropped. As one of the reasons for this drop in vaccination coverage is proposed vaccination hesitancy. To fulfil children’s rights as proposed in the UNCRC, vaccination hesitancy needs to be understood and addressed. Aim: The objective of the study is to understand causes of vaccination hesitancy among parents living in Stockholm, Sweden and to examine how healthcare professionals in Stockholm County are working to eliminate vaccination hesitancy, in goal to promote children’s rights to health, life, survival and development after the UNCRC became a Swedish law on 1 January 2020. Additionally, to analyze if strategies applied by Stockholm County are truly addressing identified causes of vaccination hesitancy among parents living in Stockholm, Sweden and in that way increasing vaccination rates this year. Method: This study used a qualitative research strategy. Vaccination hesitancy in Sweden was studied using 20 semi-structured interviews with parents living in Stockholm, while effect of the UNCRC incorporation into Swedish law on vaccination hesitancy was studied using a semi-structured interview with one health professional working in Stockholm County. The gathered data was summarized, categorized and analyzed according to the proposed themes of two theories. The theoretical framework consisted of the Health Belief Model and Social-Ecological Model. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that the choice of immunization among parents is shaped by; 1) sources and type of the received information on vaccines, vaccination and vaccine-preventable diseases included in the general Swedish child vaccination program, 2) their views on vaccine quality, safety, effectiveness and necessity for satisfying children’s rights to health, life, survival and development, 3) the level of knowledge of epidemiological concepts, mechanisms, infectious diseases and vaccines included in the vaccination program, and 4) the level of trust in the Swedish Government and healthcare, and belief if they are acting in the best interest of children. After the UNCRC incorporation into Swedish law, there have not been observed any changes in the strategic work of Stockholm County against vaccination hesitancy. For the past ten years, they are applying methods at the individual- and interpersonal level, which are not quite reaching vaccine hesitant parents living in Stockholm. Other methods at the community- and public policy level are needed. Due to unclear implications of the UNCRC entrance as a national law and COVID-19 pandemic, it is not possible to estimate if there are any changes in the vaccination rates this year.

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Balabala, Nembenze Désiré. "Encadrement juridique de l'éducation au Congo-Kinsaha (1885-1986) : de l'initiative des missionnaires à la prise en charge par l'État". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS306.

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Si l’instruction scolaire semble un acquis de la plupart des sociétés contemporaines, elle n’en demeure pas moins le fruit d’une très lente évolution comme ce fut le cas dans l’actuelle République démocratique du Congo pendant un siècle. Lors de la période coloniale – de la création de l’Etat du Congo en 1885 par la conférence de Berlin jusqu’à l’indépendance obtenue en 1960 – la fonction de l’enseignement a été confiée par le pouvoir essentiellement aux missions catholiques belges avec la vision utilitariste de former des auxiliaires de l’administration et des ouvriers aux fins d’exploitation de la colonie. Sur le plan juridique, cet objectif apparaît de façon sous-jacente dans le concordat de 1906, la réglementation des études de 1924 et la réforme scolaire de 1948. Malgré l’élan réformateur impulsé par le parti socio-libéral belge après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’école coloniale a peiné à promouvoir une élite locale avec cette conséquence que le chaos sanglant des cinq premières années de l’indépendance est à attribuer en grande partie à l’impréparation des Congolais à assumer de hautes responsabilités politiques. Le modèle social hérité du passé colonial étant considéré comme aliénant, le Président Mobutu a étatisé les écoles en décembre 1974 en opposition à la hiérarchie catholique, déclenchant ainsi une grave crise qui fut apaisée par la signature d’un accord en 1977 permettant la rétrocession des réseaux scolaires à leurs anciens administrateurs. Puis, une loi portant régime général applicable à l’enseignement national a été promulguée le 22 septembre 1986, marquée par le souci d’une austérité budgétaire nécessitée par la politique économique désastreuse de zaïrianisation du Maréchal-Président
If schooling for all is taken for granted in most contemporary societies, it remains nevertheless the result of a slow process of development. Such was the case in the present Democratic Republic of Congo where it evolved over a century. During the colonial period – from the creation of the Congo as a state by the Berlin Conference of 1885 up to its independence proclaimed in 1960 – education, average length 2 years, was entrusted by the government above all to the Belgian Catholic Missions, with the utilitarian objective in mind of forming government employees and workers able to exploit the colony Generally speaking, this objective appears to underlie the Concordat of 1906, the School Regulations of 1924 and the School Reform of 1948. In spite of the impetus to reform given by the Belgian Social Liberal Party after World War II, colonial schools had great difficulty forming an elite in the local population. The consequence was bloody chaos during the first five years of independence. This is to be attributed to the lack of sufficient preparation given to the Congolese people for them to be able to assume political positions of great responsibility. As the model of society inherited from the colonial past became considered an alienation, Maréchal-President Mobutu nationalized the schools in December 1974 in opposition to the Catholic hierarchy. This caused a period of serious unrest finally settled by the signing of an agreement in 1977 granting the handing back of school systems to their former administrators. Then, on 22 September, 1986, an outline-law applying to the national school system was promulgated marked by the need for budgetary austerity brought about by President Mobutu’s disastrous economic politics, his zaïranisation

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Glasgow, Lashanda B. "Associations Between Sex and HIV Testing, HIV Risk, and HIV Risk Perception Among a National Sample of Adults Aged 65 Years and Older". Franklin University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=frank162142623355138.

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Teixeira, Italo Filippi. "Estudo da paisagem da floresta nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brasil". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3736.

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The importance of Brazilian landscapes and the destruction problem are already known. Despite, the worry expressed by the population with the landscapes destination is normally emotional and subjective. The manifestations over the gardening beauty don t help to elaborate and to choose management alternatives. More objective concepts are necessary. But, the world worry about valuable landscapes disappearance resulted in new techniques for the gardening resources development. In these techniques, principles well worked before are used in gardening and gardening architecture. For the first time, we are trying to quantify and compare the landscape variables. The National Forest of São Francisco de Paula (FLONA), belonging to Brazilian Government and under responsibility of Environment Brazilian Institute (IBAMA), is located in Rincão dos Kröeff district, São Francisco de Paula county, RS. It takes part from the micro-region Campos de Cima da Serra, in the border of Planalto, transition zone between Floresta Ombrófila Densa and Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Forest with Araucaria), one of the 11 (eleven) physiographic micro-region from Rio Grande do Sul state. FLONA is located between the geographic coordinates 29° 23 and 29° 28 of south latitude and 50° 23 and 50° 25 of west longitude, in Serra Gaúcha, north-east region from the state, at an average altitude of 930 m. The study had as objective to identify and quantify the physical environment and human activities characteristics that compose each visual unit; to interpret and value the vivacity measure from each visual element in its unit; to analyze the visual sequence of these dynamic effect of these units and plan the landscapes dynamic to ecotourism at FLONA. As sample unit, it was used a hexagon, with 200 m of ray, distributed in a hexagonal mesh, elaborated through Campeiro 1.0. Program. This mesh with 158 hexagons was overlapped over the land use card, building maps and land marks, insulation map and altimetric map, obtained from the visual interpretation and digitalization in screen image from Sensor Ikronos II, with multi-spectral composition and 4m. resolution, using IDRISI 32 Program. The hexagons were evaluated at laboratory and at the field, through 22 variables, with a scale from 1 to 5. The result generated a data matrix, used in SPSS Program, where Cluster and Discriminant analyzes were done to determine the hexagons groups to form landscapes. Through hexagons valuation the vivacity of each one was also determined. As result, 5 landscapes called Araucaria, native, hillside, transition and exotic were obtained. The native landscape showed 100% from its hexagons in a high level of vivacity, characterizing as the most pictorial from FLONA. Five scenic routs or roads were determined to ecotourism, scientific tourism or environment education use. It is possible to conclude that the variables which impacted the subjectivity and perception were the ones that most influenced due to valoration. The vivacity is located (gardening and scenic potential) in the valley of Rolante river region, basically concentrated in Native and hillside landscape and to visualize the pictorial elements, the visitors should visit the area from 11 a.m. to 1 p. m, using Route 5.
A importância das paisagens brasileiras e o problema de sua destruição já são reconhecidos. Apesar disso, a preocupação com o destino das paisagens é normalmente expressa pela população em termos emocionais e subjetivos. As manifestações sobre a beleza paisagística pouco ajudam na elaboração e escolha de alternativas de manejo. São necessários conceitos mais objetivos. Porém, a preocupação mundial com o desaparecimento das paisagens valiosas resultou no desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para o manejo objetivo dos recursos paisagísticos. Nos mesmos, utilizam-se princípios já largamente trabalhados nas áreas do paisagismo e arquitetura paisagística. Mas procura-se, pela primeira vez, quantificar e comparar objetivamente as variáveis de paisagens em grande escala. A Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de São Francisco de Paula, pertencente a União e sob responsabilidade do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente (IBAMA), está localizada no Distrito de Rincão dos Kröeff, município de São Francisco de Paula, RS. Faz parte da micro-região Campos de Cima da Serra, na borda do Planalto, zona de transição entre Floresta Ombrófila Densa e Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Floresta com Araucária), uma das 11 (onze) micro-regiões fisiográficas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A FLONA de São Francisco de Paula,RS, está localizada entre as coordenadas geográficas 29° 23 e 29° 28 de latitude sul e 50° 23 e 50° 25 de longitude oeste, na Serra Gaúcha, região Nordeste do Estado, a uma altitude média de 930 m. O trabalho teve como objetivos identificar e quantificar as características do meio físico e atividades humanas que compõem cada unidade visual; interpretar e valorar a medida de vivacidade de cada elemento visual em sua unidade; analisar o efeito dinâmico da seqüência visual destas unidades e planificar a dinâmica das paisagens para fins de ecoturismo na FLONA de São Francisco de Paula, RS. Foi utilizado como unidade amostral o hexágono, com raio de 200m., distribuídos na forma de uma malha hexagonal, elaborada pelo Programa Campeiro 1.0. Esta malha com 158 hexágonos, foi sobreposta sobre a carta de uso da terra, do mapa de construções e land marks, mapa de insolação e mapa altimétrico da FLONA de São Francisco de Paula,RS., obtidos a partir da interpretação visual e digitalização em tela de imagem proveniente do Sensor Ikonos II, com composição multiespectral e resolução de 4 m., empregando o Programa IDRISI 32. Os hexágonos foram avaliados tanto à nível de laboratório como à campo , através de 22 variáveis, com escala de valoração de 1 a 5. O resultado gerou uma matriz de dados, utilizada no Programa SPSS, onde se fez uso da Análise de Cluster e Discriminante para determinar os agrupamentos dos hexágonos para formar as paisagens. Através da valoração dos hexágonos também se determinou a vivacidade de cada um. Como resultado obteve-se cinco paisagens denominadas de Araucária, Nativa, de Encosta, de Transição e Exótica. A Paisagem Nativa apresentou 100% dos seus hexágonos na categoria de vivacidade muito alta, caracterizando-se como a mais pictórica da FLONA de São Francisco de Paula,RS. Determinou-se também cinco rotas ou estradas cênicas para fins de ecoturismo, turismo científico ou para fins de educação ambiental. Conclui-se que as variáveis que mais impactaram a subjetividade e percepção do observador foram aquelas que mais influenciaram em termos de valoração. A vivacidade está localizada em termos de potencial paisagístico e cênico na região do vale do rio Rolante, concentrando-se basicamente na Paisagem Nativa e de Encosta e que para visualização dos elementos pictóricos, os visitantes deverão percorrer a área no horário de 11 hs. até as 13 hs, utilizando a Rota 5.

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Stürmer, Rosangela. "Religiosidade popular : uma análise dos PCNs do Ensino Religioso em confronto com a práxis pedagógica". Faculdades EST, 2008. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=77.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Estudo que objetiva analisar a relação entre religiosidade popular e os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Religioso em confronto com a práxis pedagógica. A primeira parte aborda o surgimento da religiosidade popular procurando conceituá-la. Para isso foram realizadas no Grupo de pesquisa: Religiosidade Popular do Instituto de Teologia e Pastoral ITEPA observações de manifestações de religiosidade popular em diferentes locais e dessas observações foram realizados os diários de bordo. A pergunta sobre o que faz o ser humano buscar expressar de alguma forma sua religiosidade, assim como a busca de transcendência e o valor ao sagrado, finalizam esta primeira parte. A segunda parte procura compreender a religiosidade popular num sentido antropológico. Aborda a relação que o ser humano tem com o sagrado fortemente presente na religiosidade popular. Sendo que o sagrado é uma categoria presente em todas as religiões e é principalmente na religiosidade popular que as pessoas o expressam de forma bem criativa, com simplicidade, sem se preocuparem com os discursos teológicos das instituições. Neste sentido, traz-se duas experiências em sala de aula para mostrar que as manifestações de religiosidade popular estão presentes no cotidiano escolar. A partir das respostas encontradas nesta parte do trabalho surgem as questões referentes às crenças dos docentes e discentes e a relação com o conhecimento. Por isso é importante rever de que modo os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Religioso apresentam o tema da religiosidade popular. Através de uma experiência em sala de aula constata-se que há uma tensão entre crença e conhecimento. Para tentar contornar essa problemática propõe-se a pedagogia da pergunta, a qual vem demonstrar que o mais importante não são as respostas, mas os questionamentos.
Study which aims to examine the relationship between popular religiosity and National Curricular Parameters of Religious Education in confrontation with the pedagogical practice. The first part deals with the emergence of popular religiosity. For that were held in Group research: Religiosities People's Institute of Theology and Pastoral - ITEPA observations of expressions of popular religiosity in different places and these comments were made the logs. The question about what makes human beings seek in any way express their religiosity and the search for transcendence and value to the sacred end this first part. The second part seeks to understand the popular religiosity in an anthropological sense. It addresses the relationship that the human being has with the sacred strongly present in popular religiosity. Since the sacred is a category present in all religions and is mainly in popular religiosity that people express so well the creative, with simplicity without caring about the speeches theological institutions. Therefore if brings two experiences in the classroom to show that the manifestations of popular religiosity are present in the daily school. From the answers found in this part of the work is that the questions arise concerning the beliefs of teachers and students in connection with the knowledge. So it is important to review how the National Curricular Parameters of Religious Education present the theme of popular religiosity. Through an experiment in the classroom noted that there is a tension between belief and knowledge. To try to circumvent this problem is proposed to pedagogy of the question, which comes to show that the most important are not the answers but the questions.

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Hassnaoui, Amira. "Stambeli Awakening: Cultural Revival and Musical Amalgam in Post Revolution Tunisia". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu149158044999529.

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Williams, Richmond Paul Bowen. "Towards a strategic transcultural model of leadership that enhances Koinonia in urban Southern Africa". Thesis, Full-text available online as a .pdf file, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23874.

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The research conducted was done on the basis of providing an initial platform or starting point for insight and discussion into what a strategic transcultural model of leadership might look like which was relevant to the early 21st Century Christian context in the cities of Southern Africa. A strategic transcultural leader is essentially a transformational leader who exhibits an ability beyond the norm in being able to cross socio-political barriers and thus inspiring the multicultural dynamic, while also honouring the individual cultures represented. In order to study strategic transcultural leadership models a strong leadership angle was taken, which employed investigating six leaders, three political and three Christian as to the structures, styles, values, transcultural abilities and Christian/political beliefs and/or philosophies they employed. The thesis poses the problem of urban unrest in the cities of Southern Africa. The problem of an influx into the cities, of the many different ethnicities and tribes from throughout Southern Africa and the pressures this has caused is briefly alluded to. This problem has been further exacerbated in South Africa by the arrival of many peoples from throughout Africa, south of the Sahara seeking their fortune without having to leave the African Subcontinent, and in Zimbabwe by the political policies of the Zimbabwean government, over land and in clearing away her unapproved urban high-density housing, and her informal business and white farming sectors of the economy. With these issues in mind, there is a need for strategic transcultural leadership to address these and other issues of unrest. The examples of Mandela and De Klerk as transformational leaders, inspire hope, that the vacuum of strategic transcultural leadership seen in Africa at large and specifically in relation to Southern Africa can be met, as is noted by the progress made in recent years in the arena of transformational leadership which the Group of eight and the United Nations and others allude to. While this is true, there are still problems in relation to the political decision-making within South African, as seen by Mbeki’s stance in the past on HIV-AIDS, and Zimbabwe’s woes. The stage is set from a missiological and historical perspective by looking at multicultural models of leadership in the Early Church with specific reference to Paul and the Antiochan model he used as a prototype. The Jerusalem Church is mentioned as a bi-cultural model, which has significant use outside of large urban environs. However it was the Pauline-Antiochan model that provided a platform, in the later use of a synthetic-semiotic model, to deduce or synthesis a transcultural model. Paul’s model of leadership was analysed specifically in relation to the five elements already noted (structures, styles, etc.) and is particularly useful as a model as Paul himself provides firstly an insight into a man of bi-cultural heritage yet someone who was empire-conscious. Paul was able to uphold both the cultural distinctive or uniqueness of both the Greek and Jew (noting Paul’s use of both Hebraic and Hellenistic styles of the diatribe for example) as well as the universal, in that he was empire-conscious which played into his Kingdom perspective. Secondly he provides a reasonable grounds for understanding that if the belief system of the individual is changed on one of its most fundamental levels – allegiance – then given time the macro-cultural identity of a nation, even empire can be significantly altered. He was able to do this primarily because the Graeco-Roman Empire had a common linguafranca in Greek, and the Christian community – as the followers of the Way became known as – had an ethos of reconciliation, enhancing the multicultural and one also of inclusivity (for example a worship style that encompasses both Jewish and local expressions) enhancing the particular. In declaring the One God of Israel and Jesus Christ – Messiah, as the only true Kyrios, Paul replaced the Emperor and the whole Greek pantheon of the Gods with the one true God and Father of us all, and his one and only Son.< /p> The three political leaders – Moshoeshoe, Smuts and Mandela – and the three Christian leaders – Mutendi, Cassidy and Tutu – are investigated in terms of the five elements (structures, styles, values etc.) that comprise the model of leadership. Each of these leaders in turn made a lasting contribution to national and/or tribal change. After looking at the six leadership models an initial conceptual framework for a multicultural model of leadership is outlined. However, in order to bring significant current postmodern/neo-African/tribal/multicultural paradigms of thought and the associated socio-political forces and philosophies of the day, to bear on the evolving model, these were specifically highlighted and brought into the process of synthesizing a model. Lastly once all these inputs are brought together in a tabulated framework, and the evolving multicultural model is screened against three known working scenarios, and further synthesized such that the refined model was then called a strategic transcultural model of leadership. Before this can be achieved however, various North American multicultural models posited were looked at in a literary review, which served to reinforce the understanding of the need to balance the universal and the particular aspects of culture. In refining a strategic transcultural model, the thesis next attempted to address the problem of developing a national macro-cultural identity. A strict delineation in a postmodern era between Church and State was considered to be not only unnecessary but a modern myth, also noting that the State mirrors the Church in many of the problems of community and identity. Thus the meso-level of the Church provided key insights into the macro-level of the State. An argument all along was posed for not just orchestrating a macro-culture based on multiculturalism, nor in just upholding the micro-cultural individual identities at the expense of participation in a national framework and beyond this the global village, but an argument was made for a both/and scenario. In doing this the thesis sought to address both the macro-cultural and individual cultural identities at every level and in every element of the model of leadership. The plausibility of the argument for today was based on the prevalence of a language of choice – in most cases English – and an ethos of reconciliation and inclusivity for which Madiba and Tutu among others have set the standard. A final picture of a community based on both was posited for reflection, a picture that John paints where the great heavenly host (mirroring the macro-level of the Kingdom) is contrasted with the micro-level of a people made up “from every tribe and language and people and nation” (Rev 5:9).
Thesis (PhD (Science of Religion and Missiology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Science of Religion and Missiology
PhD
Unrestricted

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Trumbach, Monica. "Rethinking the female body : gender and nation in Zee Edgell's Belize". Thesis, 2000. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/1268/1/MQ59253.pdf.

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This study explores Zee Edgell's literary representations of women who challenge destructive gender ideologies in Belize, Central America. My analysis focusses on the roles women's bodies play in their oppression, resistance and transformations of consciousness. The aim is to discover where sexual and political issues intersect, parallel or reinforce each other in the novels. My findings are contextualized in the conclusions of recent empirical studies on women's conditions in Belize. Considering how knowledge is constructed in Belize's material reality exposes a mutual articulation of Edgell's textual issues and the prime socio-political concerns facing women in the country today. Furthermore, it yields the understanding that the nation's political history as a British colony and its nationalist movement in the late-twentieth century were visible forces in shaping both the social conscience and the private consciousness in modern-day Belize.

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Bateman, Douglas Richard. "Developmental education in Belize : toward a national strategy". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/11641.

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The issues and challenges for post-secondary education in Belize are many and have been exacerbated by the democratization of higher education in this young, small, developing, Caribbean nation. Improving access to tertiary education is understood as essential to the development of nations throughout the world and increasing access to higher education is an important element in regional development and integration. Despite significant growth in the tertiary education population, the Caribbean region continues to lag behind the developed world in post-secondary enrollment and Belize's enrollment of the 18-24 year old cohort is among the lowest in the region. As the tertiary system in the Caribbean has been democratized and the enrollment numbers have increased, developmental education programs have been introduced to protect the quality of college credit courses and to ensure that students are academically prepared for success at the tertiary level. This research was designed to assess the effectiveness of developmental education offered in the junior colleges of Belize and to examine student and faculty perceptions of developmental education programs in Belize. St. John's College Junior College (SJCJC), located in Belize City, and its Summer Development Program (SDP) provided the case study for this research. Since SJCJC's summer bridge program has been replicated at other junior colleges in Belize, this research contributed to understanding a national approach to developmental education. The investigator used a mixed methods approach relying on quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The research questions were: What percentage of students who enrolled in SJCJC's SDP passed the next level gateway course in the subject for which they required remediation? How does this compare with the success rate of students not enrolled in SDP courses? What percentage of students who took one or more courses in the SDP graduated within two years? How does this compare with the graduation rate of students that had not enrolled in SDP courses? What are SDP students' perceptions of the program? What are SDP faculty members' perceptions of the program? How do these perceptions relate to the effectiveness of the program as determined by research questions #1 and #2?
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Stanley, Erik Uzendoski Michael. "Native Soil an ethnography of value among Masewal peasants of Cayo, Belize /". Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11122005-222108.

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Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2005.
Advisor: Michael A. Uzendoski, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 6, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 128 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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Grant, Tisa C., e 提莎. "Patient satisfaction with inpatient services at the national referral hospital of Belize". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70005505766377079609.

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碩士
臺北醫學大學
醫務管理學研究所
100
Background - The Ministry of Health in Belize has implemented several policies and service level agreements to improve patient satisfaction country wide. Although these initiatives rely on results to appropriately measure patients’ satisfaction with the quality of care, the extent to which a patient’s experience explains his or her satisfaction with the health-care system remains unclear. Objectives - Despite what may appear to be the general consensus on health care services provided nationally, some health care experiences may very well be more influential than others to the patient in forming their overall satisfaction level. The objective of this study is to ascertain the effects that specific variables have on patients’ overall evaluation of hospital care and their intention to recommend the hospital. Methods - The HCAHPS Survey was self-administered at the national referral hospital of Belize to inpatients. Simple and multiple step-wise linear regression models were used to identify the predictor factors of patient satisfaction using, separately, the two dependent variables: “Overall evaluation of hospital care” and the “Intention to recommend the hospital”, controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, education and perceived health. Results - It was found that patient’s highest priority was communication with nurses and doctors encompassing courtesy and respect, taking the time to explain things, and listening to the patients carefully. Discussion - From the patient’s perspective, the quality of care must include not only the quality of medical care provided but also the quality of caring associated with it. Health-care managers and other decision makers may need to remind their nurses and staff members that patients are experiencing an intensely critical and emotional moment, and thus, they need to provide patient-centered care

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40

Liou, Min-lang, e 劉敏郎. "A Study of folk belief and native home in Tzeng Ching-wen’s Short Stories". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v36827.

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碩士
國立中正大學
台灣文學研究所
102
Tzeng Ching-wen has spent years and years of writing about a native home based his memories of where he was born, Xinzhuang, and where he grew up, Taoyuan, and has achieved a big success on fictions. The most successful part of his writing is how the way the folks live on the land, what they believe in. With this understanding, this paper aims to develop a dialectical issue on the narrative technical art of Tzeng Ching-wen showed by his writing about folk believes and his native home. Moreovr, as Professor Lin pointed out, his conceptualization happens to coincide very well with the postclassical narratologists' new fundamental position, which puts an increased focus on an orientation towards culture, history and social context to broaden our vision in literary studies (Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan 2002).

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41

Yu-ChiLi e 李御齊. "The Replacement of National ‘Belief’ : From Hsinying Jinja to Martyrs’ Shrine of Tainan County". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p2f9ew.

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碩士
國立成功大學
歷史學系
104
This dissertation tries to reconstruct the historical photography of Hsinying Jinja and Martyrs’ Shrine of Tainan County, which historical background transformed from the Japanese colonial period to nowadays in Taiwan. Besides, the author also uses this reconstructed process to understand how Japanese colonial government and government of R.O.C creating the national ‘belief’ by building and using “Jinja” or “Martyrs’ Shrine”. The author uses some historical method and field work for this case study. The former is mainly to gather and analyse the official publications of pre-war and post-war times, and the later mainly gather and analyse the elders’ descriptions and photos. In the end of this thesis, the author figures out that both governors used shrines to influence the ideologies of people who lived around Jinja or Martyrs’ Shrine. Hsinying County government built Hsinying Jinja to Japanize people who dwelled in Hsinying District by educating them and holding the Shinto rituals to celebrate some victories of the battles during 1930s of Sino-Japanese War. After WWII, Hsinying Jinja was turned into Martyrs’ Shrine of Tainan County which by the order from The Taiwan Provincial Governor. With outline of Hsinying Jinja transforming into Martyrs’ Shrine of Tainan County, tree enshrined deities also had changed into the martyrs of Tainan County. But the architecture of Jinja had removed by Tainan County Government in the 1980s of Hsinying, the new Martyrs’ Shrine of Tainan County was built at Hutoupi Scenic Area in the 1980s of Hsinhua for the change of international relations.

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42

Hsiu-Wen, Huang, e 黃秀雯. "A Study of three Art professors’ Teaching Belief of General Education in National Hualien Teachers College". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99671793035318508970.

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碩士
國立花蓮師範學院
視覺藝術教育研究所
93
General education has the spirit of integrating interdisciplinary curriculum and developing life-long learning capability. A teacher’s teaching belief in the general education is fundamental to the curriculum design, but the related studies are rare. Thus, it is important to study a teachers’ belief in the art field of general education. The subjects of this action study are three of the National Hualien Teachers College’ teachers who had participated in the integrated innovation plan of general education. The methods used are semi-structural interviews, teaching observation and literatures comparison. This study found that the teaching beliefs in the art filed of general education can be categorized as: (1) balanced development of liberal education；(2) basic education for the make-up of the specialties；(3) general education for the development of overall capabilities；(4)education of personalities；(5) whole-person education of self-discipline. Besides, the concepts of designing art curricula in general education include: (1) improving the ability of art appreciation；(2) raising abilities of artistic judgment and creativity；(3) extending art and humanity concerns；(4) constructing individual artistic viewpoints；(5) developing initiative and the lifelong learning in art. After analyzing the data, we found the formation of concepts of these three teachers have different processes. Different backgrounds and different teaching experiences caused the diversities in professors’ teaching beliefs, and in turns, influence professors’ general educational views and teaching behaviors. Literatures ever indicated that the changing of working environment could affect teachers’ teaching beliefs. However, this study found that the professors might adjust their curricula according to the changing of school policies, but the impacts and influences on their teaching beliefs are not obvious. In conclusion, we offered the following five suggestions for school administrators and the center of general education：(1) establishing the exchange system for general education；(2) encouraging action studies for general education；(3)holding seminars and workshops in general education topics；(4) making connection among different courses in general education；(5) reinforcing students’ cognition of general education.

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43

Perez, Arlenie A., e 貝安莉. "Socio-Political Study of the Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve and Fisheries at Belize's Tri-National Border". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85233670339123584459.

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博士
國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
98
Belize’s barrier reef contributes tremendously to its economy and it forms a great part of Belizean culture. Its long-term conservation and management is crucial for the continued existence of the coastal populations in Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. The strategic location of the Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve in southern Belize at the tri-national border between these countries makes it vulnerable to a zone of conflict among its users. This study collected primary data through expert interviews, observations, semi-structured interviews and visualization techniques. The latter included transects, timelines and seasonal calendars and interviews using a household questionnaire. This gathered information on human dimension factors, quality of life, livelihoods, environmental awareness, stakeholder participation, conflicts and policy enforcement. The results of the semi-structured interviews showed that the various stakeholders in the area have different interests, create different impacts and face different challenges. High income respondents gave less value to the resources, noted to engage in less marine activities than low income respondents. As a potential explanation to these wealth related patterns of perception, the psychological theory of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is used where low income respondents are more concerned with meeting basic needs. Whereas high income respondents have already met those needs and seek higher objectives and self actualization. Secondary data collected provided comprehensive information on the socio-political context of managing the area and the conflicts that root from Belize’s territorial claim by Guatemala. This along with stakeholder perceptions, accumulated conflicts and positive benefits of the marine resources shape the present and future of this area. It is crucial to maintain the relationship between the three countries to ensure food availability especially in the coastal communities. It is recommended for the government of the three countries to continue research efforts, peace initiatives and conflict resolution agendas for the conservation of Gulf of Honduras. Continued efforts placed by the Central American countries in co-ordinating environmental research and policy formulation are also recommended. Ecosystem based management and the establishment of a tri-national peace park is highly recommended for the future management of this area. These findings may assist in incorporating stakeholder group concerns and interests into the management process to help increase the perceived legitimacy of decisions and make compliance with rules and regulations easier; determine the effects of management decisions on the stakeholders, which will improve policy decisions to minimize adverse impacts and maximize benefits to stakeholders; and demonstrate the value of the reef resources and services which will generate greater support for reef management programs. The results of this study can substantially contribute to the design and implementation of other similar studies as well as to the employment of more effective management practices in Belize and globally. This study can also provide a basis for a regional system by which site-level data can feed into national, regional and international databases for comparison.

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44

Tang, Tzung-Yue, e 湯宗岳. "A study ofrelations of Educational Profession Belief and Teaching willingness in The Students in National Pintung Teachers College". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49417490586731960367.

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碩士
國立屏東師範學院
國民教育研究所
90
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations and conflict between educational profession belief and teaching willingness in the students in National Pintung Teachers College. To achieve the purposes, this study employed questionnaire and interview. The valid questionnaires retrieved from students in National Pintung Teachers College were 1092 copies. These collected data was analyzed through frequency distribution, percentage, t-test, and one-way ANOVA, and the interview was based on the results of questionnaires analysis. The results of this study can be included as follows: 1. Generally, the students in National Pintung Teachers College possess positive educational profession belief and teaching willingness. 2. Students in different gender possess significant differences in the scope ”profession improvement” of educational profession belief and the scope ”teaching environment” of teaching willingness. 3. In the college department, the fourth grade students possess more positive educational profession belief and teaching willingness than the other three grades students. 4. Intern teachers possess more positive educational profession belief and teaching willingness than the students studying in college. 5. Among the three channels of teacher education, students in the college department possess the lowest educational profession belief and teaching willingness. 6. The reason of the conflict between educational profession belief and teaching willingness in few students is that the students possess positive educational profession belief and negative teaching willingness. Finally, according to the research finding, some recommendations were proposed for teacher education and further research.

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45

Tsen, Lin Yi, e 林怡岑. "Health Belief Model in an investigation on the factors influencing the National Taiwan Normal University female students in human papillomavirus vaccination intention". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tn7fk2.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
健康促進與衛生教育學系
97
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, behavior intention and related factors of human papillomavirus vaccination toward university female students. By using a stratified cluster sampling method, 374 university female students who study in National Taiwan Normal University were selected to participate in this survey. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s Post Hoc Multiple Comparison, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that: 1.The knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccine in the subjects was medium to low degree. A large proportion of participants answered “ Perceived susceptibility to Cervical cancer “, “Perceived severity to Cervical cancer”, “Perceived benefits of human papillomavirus vaccine “, “Perceived barriers of human papillomavirus vaccination”, and “self efficacy about human papillomavirus vaccination.” The human papillomavirus vaccine information of participants was mainly from television. 2.Participants who answered “Perceived severity to Cervical cancer” were influenced by whether the participant has cervical cancer history in her family is emerged obviously difference. Participants’ “Perceived barriers of human papillomavirus vaccination”, and “self efficacy about human papillomavirus vaccination” were influenced by whether the participant had sex. 3.Participants that: “Perceived severity to Cervical cancer”, “Perceived benefits of human papillomavirus vaccine “are high, has encountered few “Perceived barriers of human papillomavirus vaccination”, have a higher tendency to vaccinate human papillomavirus vaccine. Furthermore, the following factors: “the population change indices”, “Health belief in human papillomavirus vaccination”, “Taking preventative for human papillomavirus vaccination cue in action”,and ” self efficacy about human papillomavirus vaccination” explain 37.3% of university female students to human papillomavirus vaccination. Among this, are the main of predictive tow factors: perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, and self efficacy about human papillomavirus vaccination. This research suggests that the education organizations sould enhance the education of human papillomavirus vaccine, and help the vaccination objects and their import others to promote their self efficiency of human papillomavirus vaccination; the public health organizations sould strengthen the propaganda of the benefit of human papillomavirus vaccine, and increase the channels of communication of human papillomavirus vaccine. Regarding the future research, it is suggested that the sample size of the subject group should be expanded, and the collection of the human papillomavirus vaccine information should be achieved follow the trail of target gpoup or the qualitative method of the detailed interview.

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46

lin, wei-pin, e 林維彬. "A Study on the Influence of Parents’ Child-Rear-Belief, Educational Expectations and Achievement Motivation upon the Immigrant Bride’and Native Children in Keelung". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39632206642316986533.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
教育政策與管理研究所
95
Abstract According to the theories of child-rear-belief and educational expectations, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the socioeconomic status, parent participation in education, education facilities and educational expectations on child-rear-belief and achievement motivation of the immigrant children in Keelung . We use the questionnaire investigations in this study. Our study samples include 286 immigrant bride’ children and 286 native students in respectively, from the fourth grade and sixth grade of Keelong Municipal Elementary School. By using the descriptive statistics, t-test independent samples, multivariate linear regression, Pearson Product-Moment correlation, Structural Equation Modeling to analyze. According to the results of questionnaire investigations, we find the conclusions as follows. 1. The family environment, parents’ child-rearing-belief and achievement motivation in immigrant bride’ and native children are both good. 2. The family environment, parents’ child-rearing-belief and achievement motivation of immigrant bride’ children are significant lower than native children. 3. The immigrant children who have higher degree of parents’ participation, higher degree of parents’ educational expectations and better education facilities have higher degree of child-rearing-belief. 4. The better education facilities of native children, the higher child-rearing- belief they have. 5. The more higher degree of parents’ participation and each thorough number of proofing number of immigrant bride’ children, the better achievement motivation they have. 6. The better the family’s the socioeconomic status and education facilities of native children, the better achievement motivation they have. 7. The correlation of child-rearing-belief and achievement motivation of the immigrant bride’ children and native children are highly significant in respectively. In other words, the higher parents’ child-rearing-belief, the higher achievement motivation of children. 8. SEM shows that socio-economic status, parent participation in education, education facilities and educational expectations have a great influence upon the child-rearing-belief and achievement motivation.

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47

WEN, CHEN YA, e 陳雅文. "Health Belief Model applied to college students and related factors in contact lens care behaviors - A Case Study of National Taiwan Normal University". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37554548470911212656.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
健康促進與衛生教育學系
98
This study was to apply the Health Belief Model, National Taiwan Normal University Students contact lens care behaviors and related factors. National Taiwan Normal University Students for population, using stratified cluster sampling method, and to structured questionnaire to collect data, a total of 393 valid samples were obtained. In this study, conclusions and recommendations are as follows: 1. Study "perceived improper contact lens care behaviors lead to eye disease threat," the high side, which "conscious acts of improper contact lens care lead to eye disease susceptibility," bias "may" and "conscious acts of improper contact lens care lead to eye disease severity "however, are" serious "level. Overall, the study had vision problems, have to wear contact lenses, contact lenses higher health knowledge, more positive attitude toward contact lens care, contact lens care behaviors more persons, their behavior consciously improper contact lens care result in eye The higher the threat. 2. Study "the possibility of conscious behavior of contact lens care," score "positive", said the study that the implementation of the contact lens care behavior, "interest" than "obstacles", but the score was low. One of the "effectiveness of contact lens care behaviors," inclined to "agree" and in "behavioral disorder of contact lens care" is more inclined to "neutral." Overall, the study has to wear contact lenses, contact lenses higher health knowledge, more positive attitude toward contact lens care, contact lens care operations more clues, and in the more internal and external cues, the more contact lens care behaviors many who perceived their contact lenses the higher the likelihood of health behavior. 3. Study, "contact lens care cues to action" low, in which external cues to "get business from the contact lens contact lens care information," the most, while "from the school health curriculum was revised to get contact lenses health information.", "From the health-related speech by contact lens care information. "less; internal clues in those who wear contact lenses," due to improper contact lens care behaviors caused by eye irritation, "are about Bacheng. Overall, the study for the girls, have vision problems, have to wear contact lenses, contact lens care knowledge and higher consciousness the higher the possibility of contact lens care behaviors (especially conscious of contact lens care behavior of the lower barrier) and contact lens care more cues to action, its contact lens care operations for more clues. 4. Study of health behavior tendency to take contact lenses "may." From "basic variables", "contact lens care health belief" and "contact lens care cues to action" to predict subjects "contact lens care behaviors", the total variance explained 27.0%. Overall, the study did not sight the issue of who did not wear contact lenses, contact lenses higher the health knowledge, more positive attitude of those who contact lens care, contact lens care consciously improper conduct leading to the threat of eye disease The higher (which lead to conscious acts of improper contact lens care of the higher risk of eye disease who consciously improper contact lens care behaviors lead to more severe cases, the severity of eye disease), perceived higher likelihood of contact lens care behaviors were then Vietnam will take contact lens care behaviors, which the "conscious acts of improper contact lens care lead to eye disease threat," the most influential. The research proposed future acts of contact lens care recommendations for educational intervention and health improvement approach to improve health behavior study contact lenses to alleviate or avoid inappropriate behavior caused by contact lens eye health.

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48

Chen, Bo-Rui, e 陳柏睿. "The Influence of Parents'' Negative Work Experiences on National Taiwan University Students'' Attitude Toward Unions: Mediation by Work Belief". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jck493.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
106
This study finds out how parent’s negative work experience influences their children to gain any type of work belief, and therefore have an impact on children’s attitude toward unions. The study uses Social Learning Theory and Theory of Reasoned Action(TRA) to build the model. Moreover, We collected questionnaires from NTU students by ourselves. The questionnaires not only let us know NTU students’ opinions on unions but also support the model. After the data analysis, the study found that “parents’ negative work experiences will strengthen their children’s Marxism work beliefs, hence grow positive attitude toward unions.” We also found that “the more Marxism work beliefs NTU students have in their mind, the more positive attitude they possess toward unions.” The results are in line with research expectations. Furthermore, NTU students are important sources in future labor market and will bring the influences in the future. Through the data analysis, we can expect that there will be more supporters of union movements and labor relations in the future.

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49

Serna, Alethea Kuʻulei Keakalaulono Distajo. "Effects of cultural worldview belief and the achievement of cultural standards of value on self-esteem, anxiety, and adaptive behavior of native Hawaiian students". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11544.

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Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-166).
The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological framework called the Terror Management Theory (TMT) applied to Native Hawaiian students. TMT is a framework that provides an explanation of relationships between cultural factors, self-esteem, and anxiety (Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszczynshi, 1991). The hypotheses [sic] of this study was that Native Hawaiian students who identify or seek to identify with "being Hawaiian" and are assisted in achieving its standards of value (high cultural values) will (1) have higher levels of self esteem if they see themselves achieving cultural standards following treatment (2) have lower levels of anxiety following treatment (3) increase "adaptive" behaviors such as achieving academic standards, positive social interactions and making positive contributions to their families and communities. The design of this study was both quantitative and qualitative. The design of this study was a quasi-experimental nonequivalent comparison-group design, consisting of two intervention groups and two comparison groups of 24 Native Haqwaiian students from ages 9-16 years. Intervention participants engaged in Native Hawaiian cultural interventions for 10 hours over a six-week period, while comparison participants engaged in academic tutorial sessions. Measures for self-esteem, anxiety, and adaptive behavior were taken before and after intervention. Qualitative and anecdotal data were also collected and analyzed. Intervention group results indicated that Hawaiian identity increased, anxiety decreased and positive behavior increased. Findings were mixed for self-esteem. Qualitative measures indicated increase in self-esteem, participants felt "good" about themselves and were "proud," but quantitative indicated a decrease. Comparison group indicated a decrease in Hawaiian identity, anxiety and self-esteem. Overall, there were positive indicators to conclude that the TMT framework is applicable to the Native Hawaiian population.
Electronic reproduction.
Also available by subscription via World Wide Web
xii, 166 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

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50

Val, Susana Barreto Gonçalves do. "The association between personal belief in a just world, voice and burnout: A cross-sectional study in a sample of national guard police officers". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/23543.

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Voice is crucial both for the organizations, which benefit from new insights, and for the workers, who are able to express their concerns and ideas, having a great impact on their mental health (Cox et al., 2006). Actually, individuals who are afraid to voice are likely to show high levels of burnout (Hammond et al., 2019). In addition, continued exposure to job stressors put workers at risk of developing burnout (Penalba et al., 2008), as the case of the Republican National Guard Officers. The present study examined two parallel mediation models. The first model was a replication of a study conducted by Cheng et al. (2020), namely the association between personal belief in a just world (BJW) and voice, mediated by perceived voice efficacy (PVE) and perceived voice risk (PVR). The second model aimed to test the association between personal BJW and burnout (exhaustion and disengagement), mediated by PVE and PVR. Self-reported data was collected from National Guard Police Officers (N = 475). As expected, the results showed a positive association between personal BJW and employee voice, and a negative association between personal BJW and both dimensions of burnout. Additionally, the mediating effect of PVE was significant in both models. However, the mediating effect of PVR was only significant to the second model. These findings add knowledge to the existing literature on the fields of social psychology of justice, organizational citizenship behavior and mental health, and highlight the importance of reinforce organizational justice, by promoting BJW and voice behaviors.
O comportamento de voz é fundamental quer para as organizações, que beneficiam de novos insights, quer para os trabalhadores, tendo um grande impacto na sua saúde mental (Cox et al., 2006). De facto, indivíduos com receio de adotar comportamentos de voz têm maior probabilidade de mostrar maiores níveis de burnout (Hammond et al., 2019). Ainda, a exposição continuada a stressores do trabalho coloca os trabalhadores em risco de desenvolverem burnout (Penalba et al., 2008), como é o caso dos agentes da Guarda Nacional Republicana. O presente estudo examinou dois modelos de mediação paralela. O primeiro modelo foi uma replicação do estudo de Cheng et al. (2020), nomeadamente a associação entre a crença num mundo justo (CMJ) pessoal e a voz, mediada pela perceção de eficácia de voz (PEV) e de risco (PRV). O segundo modelo teve como propósito testar a associação entre a CMJ pessoal e o burnout (distanciamento e exaustão), mediada pela PEV e pela PRV. Foram analisadas medidas de autorrelato de agentes da Guarda Nacional Republicana (N=475). Conforme esperado, os resultados mostraram uma associação positiva entre a CMJ pessoal e a voz do trabalhador, e uma associação negativa entre a CMJ pessoal e as duas dimensões do burnout. Ainda, o efeito da mediadora PEV foi significativo nos dois modelos. No entanto, o efeito mediador da PRV apenas foi significativo no segundo modelo. Estes resultados acrescentam conhecimento à literatura existente e sublinham a importância de reforçar a justiça organizacional, através da promoção da CMJ e dos comportamentos de voz.

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