Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Mutation rate evolution"
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Wilcox, A. "Evolution at a high imposed mutation rate". Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2017. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/32610/.
Krasovec, Marc. "Estimation des taux de mutation : implications pour la diversification et l'évolution du phytoplancton eucaryote". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066371/document.
Mutations are the main source of diversity on which selection acts to allow species to adapt. Studies of the effect of mutations on survival and estimation of spontaneous mutation rates are essential to better understand evolution. Using mutation accumulation experimental approach, we investigated the issues of mutation effects and mutation rate in five models of green algae (Ostreococcus tauri, O. mediterraneus, Bathycoccus Prasinos, Micromonas pusilla, and Picochlorum RCC4223). It highlighted a decline in fitness over time because of deleterious mutations, and a significant genotype-environment interaction on the fitness effect of mutations. The mutation rate varies at inter-specific and intra-genomic scales, with two main results: a raise of the mutation rate in non-coding regions in accordance with trancriptional-coupled repair, and an increase of the mutation rate with an increase of the genome size in eukaryotes and the GC content deviation from the equilibrium. Also, a new Picochlorum genome is provided to investigate the role of horizontal gene transfer in the Chlorophyta group
Pietsch, Franziska. "Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265018.
Krasovec, Marc. "Estimation des taux de mutation : implications pour la diversification et l'évolution du phytoplancton eucaryote". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066371.pdf.
Mutations are the main source of diversity on which selection acts to allow species to adapt. Studies of the effect of mutations on survival and estimation of spontaneous mutation rates are essential to better understand evolution. Using mutation accumulation experimental approach, we investigated the issues of mutation effects and mutation rate in five models of green algae (Ostreococcus tauri, O. mediterraneus, Bathycoccus Prasinos, Micromonas pusilla, and Picochlorum RCC4223). It highlighted a decline in fitness over time because of deleterious mutations, and a significant genotype-environment interaction on the fitness effect of mutations. The mutation rate varies at inter-specific and intra-genomic scales, with two main results: a raise of the mutation rate in non-coding regions in accordance with trancriptional-coupled repair, and an increase of the mutation rate with an increase of the genome size in eukaryotes and the GC content deviation from the equilibrium. Also, a new Picochlorum genome is provided to investigate the role of horizontal gene transfer in the Chlorophyta group
Viraphong, Caudwell Larissa. "Dynamiques théorique et expérimentale des taux de mutations". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV038/document.
Mutations are the ultimate source of variation that allow living organisms to adapt through natural selection. Understanding the dynamics of mutation accumulation and how they are biased stands as a keystone to understand evolutionary processes. In this work, I explored these two aspects of mutation accumulation in an evolutionary framework.First, I studied the dynamics of mutation rates over evolutionary time. As mutations may be beneficial, neutral or deleterious, the dynamics of mutation rates will be a function of two opposite driving forces: evolvability or the ability to evolve and genome stability. The resulting dynamics has been widely studied theoretically but experimental studies are scarce and mostly limited to short periods of time.Second, I focused on mutational biases. Previous studies showed that mutation rates might vary within given genomes, as a function for example of both their localization and neighboring nucleotides.All studies from this Ph.D thesis were performed in the context of the long-term evolution experiment which has been started in 1988 by Richard Lenski (Michigan State University, USA). Twelve populations were initiated from a common ancestor strain of Escherichia coli and have been propagated ever since for more than 25 years by daily transfers in fresh medium. Samples were collected and genomes of evolved clones were sequenced at regular time point intervals, allowing both the phenotypic and genomic studies of the mutation rate for more than 50,000 generations.In this study, I showed that mutation rates are highly dynamic: the emergence of hypermutator genotypes is followed by multiple compensation events. I also observed large mutational biases, including the impact of the neighboring nucleotides on resulting aminoacid changes
Berlin, Sofia. "The Effects of Mutation and Selection on the Rate and Pattern of Molecular Evolution in Birds". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4516.
Ally, Dilara. "The cost of longevity: loss of sexual function in natural clones of Populus tremuloides". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/282.
Mugal, Carina Farah. "Nucleotide Substitution Patterns in Vertebrate Genomes". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198787.
Axelsson, Erik. "Comparative Genomics in Birds". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7432.
Saclier, Nathanaëlle. "Origine des variations de taux d’évolution moléculaire inter-spécifiques : apport d’un modèle génomique en milieu souterrain". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m69p310z.
The rate at which DNA accumulates substitutions varies widely among species. Rate variations have been imputed to species intrinsic features (metabolic rate, life history traits) or to the environment characteristics (ionizing radiations, selection pressure). The aim of this PhD project was to investigate the main hypotheses explaining variations in the rate of molecular evolution between species. To achieve that, we combined the unique properties of subterranean isopods from the Asellidae family and high-throughput sequencing data from the nuclear and mitochondrial genome. Asellidae species have made multiple independent transitions to subterranean environments where subterranean species have repeatedly evolved a lower metabolic rate, a longer lifespan and a longer generation time. Moreover, because they are poor dispersers, they are exposed to the same environment across many generations, allowing us to compare species with long-term contrasted features in term of life history traits and environmental characteristics. We found that generation time negatively impact the rate of molecular evolution in the nuclear genome whereas the mitochondrial rate remained unchanged. We also found an increase of the mutation rate for species living in naturally highly radioactive environments. Finally, the study of the rate of molecular evolution variation at a global scale brought forward a systematic bias which needs to be taken into account in studying the link between the mutation rate and diversification
Lesaffre, Thomas. "Contribution à une théorie physiologique et génétique de l’évolution végétale : fardeau génétique, systèmes de reproduction et évolution du taux de mutation dans les populations structurées en classes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR014.
In Angiosperms, there exists a strong association between life-history and mating system. Indeed, most predominantly selfing species are annual while the majority of perennials are outcrossers. This association is the starting point of the work presented in this thesis. In the first chapter, I study the joint evolution of lifespan and selfing assuming that inbreeding depression affects survival between flowering seasons and is fixed by a parameter. Under these assumptions, lifetime inbreeding depression increases as lifespan increases therefore preventing the evolution of self-fertilisation in a wider parameter range. When it occurs, it induces the evolution of shorter lifespans. These results are in agreement with the empirically observed pattern. In chapter two, I relax the assumption that inbreeding depression is fixed by a parameter, by assuming an explicit genetic basis. Far from generating higher inbreeding depression in more long-lived species, deleterious mutations affecting survival result in a decrease of inbreeding depression with longevity at mutation-selection equilibrium. Yet, increased inbreeding depression is empirically observed in long-lived species. In the following chapters, I explore two hypotheses to explain this increase. In chapter two, I study the more general idea that variations in the fitness effects of mutations with longevity, of which mutations affecting survival are a mere special case, may generate increased inbreeding depression in longer-lived species. In chapter three, I model the consequences of inheritable somatic mutations accumulating during growth for the evolution of the mutation rate and the resulting inbreeding depression in plants. As for chapter four, it is devoted to a theoretical evaluation of indirect inbreeding depression estimation methods. I end this manuscrit by proposing leads and ideas for the development of a physiological and genetic theory of plant evolution
Metzgar, David L. "Repetitive DNA, genome evolution, and the adaptive evolution of mutation rates /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3022205.
Morgan, Elizabeth A. "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON MUTATION RATES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1131385531.
Chakrabortty, Sharmistha. "SNPs and Indels Analysis in Human Genome using Computer Simulation and Sequencing Data". University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1501726874739045.
Falush, Daniel Paul. "The evolution of recombination rates caused by recurrent deleterious mutations". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300409.
Koskiniemi, Sanna. "Dynamics of the bacterial genome rates and mechanisms of mutation /". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111428.
Wang, Jun, Yeisoo Yu, Feng Tao, Jianwei Zhang, Dario Copetti, Dave Kudrna, Jayson Talag, Seunghee Lee, Rod A. Wing e Chuanzhu Fan. "DNA methylation changes facilitated evolution of genes derived from Mutator-like transposable elements". BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614757.
Dos, Santos Lourenço João. "Les causes des variations du taux d’évolution moléculaire entre lignées". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20084/document.
The main objective of the present thesis is to elucidate the causes of variations in rates of molecular evolution among lineages, and in particular, to understand how factors connected to mutation, selection and genetic drift can influence these variations
Sun, Zhiyi. "New genomic approaches reveal the process of genome reduction in Prochlorococcus". 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3445189.
Keller, Thomas E. "The evolution of RNA and the actin protein family". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30391.
Kvikstad, Erika Marit Makova Kateryna. "Mechanisms of insertion and deletion mutations rate variation, context specificity, and impact on primate sex chromosome evolution /". 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4351/index.html.