Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Multiplication (arithmétique) – Étude et enseignement"
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Roditi, Éric. "L' enseignement de la multiplication des décimaux en sixième : étude de pratiques ordinaires". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070089.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents four different teaching experiences concerning decimal multiplication in sixth grade, ail carried out in similar circumstances. The analysis is based on transcriptions made from recordings of the lessons, as well as interviews with the teachers concerned. It studies the preparation which went into the observed lessons and the results in the classroom. It uses a double approach: the first applies didactics of mathematics to the observed teaching experiences in order to analyze the potential learning effectiveness of the experiences. The second approach borrows a few elementary theories from the field of ergonomic psychology and assumes the coherence of the teaching practices to study teachers as individuals in a real-life teaching environment. The studied teaching experiences ail demonstrate certain restraints imposed by two factors: working in a school institution and working with real pupils, with ail the problems inherent to this situation, notably as regards class and time management. These restraints explain, on a macro level, the similarities of the four experiences. There is, however, beyond these restraints, a certain amount of individual decision-making that the observed teachers were using. This factor explains, on a micro level, the pedagogical diversity seen in these four classes. These experiences differed according to the teaching strategy of each individual teacher, the tasks given to the pupils and the organization of the knowledge institutionalization. The activities of the pupils differed greatly from one teaching sequence to another, especially depending on whether the goal was to increase the knowledge and understanding of the pupils or simply to have them apply a certain technique. Likewise, the questions students asked as well as their interactions with the teacher varied greatly. Nevertheless, in numerous cases, a cross-analysis tended to confirm that, for each teacher, a coherent teaching practice exists
Butlen, Denis. "Apport de l'ordinateur a l'apprentissage des écritures multiplicatives au cours élémentaire". Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F035.
Texto completo da fonteBroin, Dominique. "Arithmétique et algèbre élémentaires scolaires". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12478.
Texto completo da fonteLemoine, Bérénice. "Generation of Adapted Training Game Activities : a Model-Driven Engineering Design and Implementation Framework". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. https://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2024/2024LEMA1013.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteProcedural generation is a method widely used in video games to deliver varied content tailored to players. However, this method is rarely used in the field of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). In this PhD thesis, our focus is on the generation of game activities for declarative knowledge training (i.e., factual information such as laws and multiplication tables). In this context, it is necessary to provide learners with varied and adapted activities to avoid task drop-out caused by boredom. The scope of this thesis covers three angles of adaptation: the teacher's perspective on training, learner-players progression and players preferences.This PhD work falls within the field of engineering research of TEL systems. The aim is to characterise the generation of activities and to propose a “generic” approach, i.e., independent of any specific didactic domain. Thus, the aim is to be able to reuse generation elements for different domains. This thesis is based on the AdapTABLES research project, which provides an initial ground of study and experimentation. The aim of this project is to design and develop a multiplication table training game. The research contribution (i.e., study and design methods) was developed in this context, but was also generalised and evaluated in other contexts.First, we identified a game genre compatible with declarative knowledge training: the Roguelite. In this game genre, the activities or game levels are procedurally generated and incorporate a high degree of variability. Repetition is encouraged by a “permanent death” mechanism. Then, we: 1) characterised and specified the generation by analysing the different adaptation needs (i.e., teacher, learner-player) and 2) proposed a framework (i.e., conceptual framework and software infrastructure) based on the principles of Model-Driven Engineering to design and implement generators for declarative knowledge training in the context of Roguelite oriented games. The generators designed are independent software components producing levels (i.e., dungeons) in XML format that can be interpreted by an educational game.Three generators have been designed using the framework: one for multiplication training, a second for history and geography facts (i.e., required for the Diplôme National du Brevet des Collèges, a French exam taken in 9th grade) training, and a third for judo facts training. The multiplication tables generator is currently being used in an educational game designed as part of the AdapTABLES project. The framework and its components have been validated using system tests and model checking, as well as experimentation with an engineer to assess the usability of the framework. Moreover, the game developed for the AdapTABLES project and the associated generator were used several times in ecological conditions
Serrano, Chaves José Henrique. "Le jeu et l'éducation cognitive : étude de deux applications au calcul arithmétique". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR21012.
Texto completo da fonteThe work begins with a historical and comparative approach to theories on games and their function in education, and a reflection on the problematics of teaching arithmetic to primary school children. There then follows an elaboration of specifics games. A first game "vamos aprender matemática". Based on a traditional format and intended for the Portuguese market, led to the development of a second, computer game, "la spirale". These two games form the basis for an evaluation of the progress of children in arithmetic, and on the relationships between mathematical competence and the observed strategical ability of the children involved
Sarrazy, Bernard. "La sensibilité au contrat didactique : rôle des arrière-plans dans la résolution de problèmes d'arithmétique au cycle trois". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR21001.
Texto completo da fonteTurning out a numerical answer to a problem that cannot be put into figures (i. E. "âge du capitaine") is a result of the didactic contract ; it appears to be closely linked to the situations of creation and cannot be attributed to a dysfunction of the didactic relation or to a lake of linguistic capacities. In a similar situation, the various answers provides are proof to different approaches as regards the didactic contract. The background of this contract mainly consists of the teaching methods at school and the education given at home together with the values and principles of the teaching system : this background is the very explanation of these differences in the approaches
Douaire, Jacques. "Analyse didactique des processus de preuve dans le domaine numérique au cycle 3 de l'école primaire". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070034.
Texto completo da fonteThe object of this research is the development of proving in the pupils' productions when they resolve arithmetical problems at the end of primary school (9-11 years old). The experimentation was carried out for several years through the elaboration of a didactical engineering in schools situated in defavorised areas. Three axes are chosen : the pupils' argumentations and proofs, the nature of problems, the didactical situations' variables and teachers' management of collective moments. The theorical part of this research is based upon the theory of didactical situations, and on works about proof and argumentation, especially Balacheff and Duval's ones. It allows an analysis of proofs during the primary school : exhaustive proofs, counterexamples and reasoning laid upon knowings. The construction of a new typology of proofs, after the experimentation, allows us to analysis the productions of proofs and their evolutions (concerning proceedings, properties and justifications). A comparative analysis of two sequences, about a same problem, at the beginning and at the end of the elaboration of a situation, shows the importance of the formulation moments. The analysis of the leading by the teacher of collective moments in ordinary teaching sequences precises the relation between favorable linguistic and socials pratics and thé proving process. It asks the gestion of institutionalization in this kind of situations
Bernard, Florent. "Étude des algorithmes arithmétiques et leur implémentation matérielle". Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/135519187#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completo da fonteModular multiplication is the main operation in most of asymmetric cryptography protocols (Diffie-Hellman key exchange, RSA, ECDSA). Thus hardware implementation of this operation needs attention. In this work, we propose a hardware implementation of modular multiplication for an ASIC target. We consider two levels of scalability : - Implementation must fit any chip area - Design must be reused for different sizes of moduli. After an algorithmic study we show why Montgomery algorithm is preferred. Then this algorithm is studied in details in order to proceed at its hardware implementation. Strategy used for implementation consists in minimizing the number of kinds of elementary operation in the algorithm. Then we obtain a family of scalable hardware improving time-area tradeoffs in comparison to previous scalable hardware. Then considering the hardware developed as a "black-box", we show how to perform modular reduction with this hardware. We also study how to add an additive countermeasure against DPA attacks with a slow extra-computational time (less than 5%). Finally, a Montgomery algorithm using Fourier representation is studied with an asymptotic cost in O(nlog(n)) but inefficient for practical application
Barrera, Curin Raquel Isabel. "Etudes des significations de la multiplication pour différents ensembles de nombres dans un contexte de géométrisation". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070048.
Texto completo da fonteOur study began with the notion that multiplication is a complex mathematical object, in both its epistemological and cognitive dimensions. The fact that geometric representations can make a mathematical object's meanings more obvious led us to structure our research around the geometrization of multiplication for different sets of numbers. To study the relationship between this complex mathematical object -- multiplication -- and the construction of meaning by students we designed experimental lessons that were put in place in French high school and junior high school classrooms. This experimental study allowed us to closely analyze students' understanding of the topic, or, on the other hand, the obstacles they encountered in a mathematics assignment requiring frame changes and changes in registers of semiotic representation. Our experimental data were analyzed using a combination of several theoretical approaches. The notion of the Mathematical Work Space and its geneses allows us to account for the complexity of students' mathematical work. In order to study collaborative work between students, as well as the teacher's role in this process of cultural mediation, we also applied theories of semiotic mediation and the social construction of knowledge. Our resulting theoretical framework allows us to give a detailed description of the relationships between the epistemological and cognitive levels of the MWS. We conclude with the identification and analysis of individual students' chosen paths, resulting from interactions within a Mathematical Work Space
Comin, Eugène. "Proportionnalité et fonction linéaire : caractères, causes et effets didactiques des évolutions et des réformes dans la scolarité obligatoire". Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10565.
Texto completo da fonteIn France, the concepts of ratio and proportion have disappeared from secondary education syllabuses since 1970, when the linear function was supposed to reformulate the proportionality between magnitudes. But in the new organization of teaching contents, the linear function is only an example of a numerical relation, so that nowadays people teaching at any level of education can neither use the linear function nor ratios and proportions to deal properly with elementary arithmetic problems. Looking for a logical and functional articulation of the notions of numbers, variables and functions for a long term learning process emphasizes the fact that dealing with the environment of magnitudes through the practice of ratios, measures and proportionality is absolutely necessary in the genesis of these concepts. Today, French compulsory education, mainly concerned with pupils' future schooling tends to ignore the notions that used to have a strong status in the organisation of a mathematical knowledge which is still in use in popular culture and the working world. Giving up the concepts of ratio and proportion has not been compensated by the expected supplementary steps necessary as much for school institutions as for social and professional institutions. The sense of failure felt by society following this conceptual break from the knowledge of proportionality can't be solved by any pedagogical or psychological remedy. The various institutions involved have to treat this problem by a scientific, technical and political approach with “micro” and “macro” didactical knowledge, the ignorance of which has probably been one of the causes of the difficulties generated by the successive reforms
Dissa, Sinaly. "Entre arithmétique et géométrie discrète, une étude épistémologique et didactique du théorème de Bézout et du théorème de Pick". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM008.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis studies the problem of changing registers in mathematics education. More specifically,we have chosen to study the registers of the continuous and the discrete with interactions in thefields of arithmetic and geometry.This thesis shows, in particular, that "classic" adidactic / didactic situations do not allow suchinteractions to be implemented.We have shown, moreover, that there is a pervasiveness of the continuous in the conceptions of thestudents and even a resistance to consider the discreet. Our experiments were carried out withundergraduate mathematics students and trainers.Our first engineering deals with the study of whole points of a line of the plane. It highlighted theobstacle to recognizing a geometric characterization of the solutions of the Bézout equation(existence and exhaustiveness).This shows that in order to overcome this obstacle of changing registers, it is necessary to propose amore “open” type of situation concerning an epistemologically consistent mathematical problem.In this thesis, we studied the possibility of devolving a change in arithmetic / geometry register inthe context of "Research Situation for the Class". This is one of the objectives of our secondengineering covering the area of whole vertex polygons (with reference to Pick's theorem).Two pre-experiments made it possible to define the conditions for taking into account the discreteregister for a question relating to geometry.We have built a final experiment taking these conditions into account.The didactic analysis of the situation on Pick allows us to affirm that, on the one hand, the SiRCmodel is suitable for the engineering of situations of change of registers. On the other hand, it alsoshows that arithmetic and geometry are relevant mathematical domains for register interactions andwork on proof and reasoning.Among the conditions for proper devolution of registry changes, the nature of the question plays anessential role. We chose in engineering on the Pick problem to ask to search for a "method" or"formula" without specifying the variables and registers concerned.Our experience has shown that this type of question has enabled the development of many strategiesidentified in the mathematical analysis of the problem
Bola, Amboka. "L'usage du sens dans la relation didactique : étude de la soustraction, en particulier de la composition des translations numériques au cours élémentaire". Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1A617.
Texto completo da fonteBola, Amboka. "L'usage du sens dans la relation didactique : étude de la soustraction, en particulier de la composition des translations numériques au cours élémentaire". Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10673.
Texto completo da fonteObame, Noëlline. "Expérience quotidienne et développement cognitif : implication des actions quotidiennes dans l'apprentissage de l'arithmétique élémentaire : cas d'enfants de 5 ans scolarisés et non scolarisés au Gabon". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0150.
Texto completo da fonteThis research is two-fold, and focuses : 1) an 5 years old children encounter with numbers, and 2) an evaluation of their dexterity in simple arithmetic reasoning. Children from 3 differents socio-cultural backgrounds participated in the study : rural and urban children with no schooling, and urban children with schooling experience. A subsample of children as systematically observed in natural situation in order to evaluate how frequently, where an when they where involved in a "numerical activity". Later an each child had to take several tests - ecological situation and Udn 80 - to evaluate his/her knowledge about numbers and arithmetic reasoning. The results show that 1) the child's numerical experience depends on his/her socio-cultural background, 2) children with no schooling experience have a better knowledge of prices and of numbers, 3) however, when a situation may be described though different dimension -numerical and no numérical - the children all 3 groups almost never use the numerical dimension
Galisson, Marie-Pierre. "Évolution de l'arithmétique dans les plans d'études des futurs instituteurs : analyse écologique et historique". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070027.
Texto completo da fonteThis study puts forward a historical and ecological analysis dealing with the development of two "current" arithmetical concepts for trainee teachers: numeration and the property of numbers. This analysis of the process whereby these concepts are introduced into the study plans of primary teachers leads us to characterise what can cover the "theoretical-professional needs" of the student teacher. These needs manifest theIj1selves in certain conditions: the existence of a selected body of knowledge controlled by society; the presence of a "theory" which illuminates the" didactic art"; the putting into practice of this theory linked to the knowledge; the theoretical-practical link; the clear definition of the social and educative uses of the units of knowledge. Historically these conditions show themselves to be the tillers steering study plans and the organisation of teacher training. Thus they appear to us, still today, as a means of illuminating the requirements for the existence of a "current arithmetic" and a way of bringing out the conditions that encourage a "potential arithmetic"
Garneau, Audrey. "Étude des connaissances mathématiques mobilisées et à développer par les enseignants du primaire lors de l'intégration d'activités de magie en mathématiques". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66879.
Texto completo da fonteGoudout, Elie. "Étude de la fonction ω : petits intervalles et systèmes translatés". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC040.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we study the interactions between the multiplicative and additive structures of integers. As such, we particularly investigate the function “number of distinct prime factors”, noted ω, on short intervals and shifted systems. This project originates from an important breakthrough of Matomäki & Radziwiłł regarding the study of small intervals, in 2015. As a first step, we show that the Erdős-Kac theorem is valid in almost all short intervals, as long as their length goes to infinity. We then consider the local laws of ω. We prove that, for x> 3 and , almost all intervals of length h contain integers n 6 x satisfying ω(n) = k, when h is large enough. For , the condition on h is optimal. A similar result, albeit non optimal, is obtained for x1/u-friable integers with u 6 (logx)1/6−ε, where ε > 0 is fixed, arbitrarily small. The techniques used in the second chapter naturally invite us to consider the behavior of a wide class of additive functions on shifted systems. In the third chapter, we prove a multidimensional version of a theorem from Halász in 1975, regarding the maximum concentration of the values of one additive function. In the last chapter, we show that ω(n− 1) satisfies an Erdős-Kac theorem whenever ω(n) = k is fixed. This generalizes a theorem of Halberstam
Chambris, Christine. "Relations entre les grandeurs et les nombres dans les mathématiques de l'école primaire : Evolution de l'enseignement au cours du 20e siècle : connaissances des élèves actuels". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070034.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the last 150 years, relationships between quantifies and numbers have deeply changed in academic mathematics, taught mathematics, and in everyday life. We want to understand these relationships at french primary school in mathematics education nowadays and foresee other possibilities for the future. Our framework is the anthropological theory of the didactic (Chevallard). We have particularly developed the study of the teaching of metrical System, System of place value for whole numbers and links between both; and started the study of relationships between calculation (meaning, rules of calculation, types of numbers) and quantifies (notably length and diagrams with dimensions). Our study is developing into three directions which echo one to another: -links between quantifies, numbers, calculation and everyday life pratice before the reform of modem mathematics; breaks the reform caused in these links. Our analysis is based on a corpus of texts made up of national curriculum and textbooks mainly from 2nd and 3rd grades, over the 20th century; - academic mathematical knowledge. On the one hand, we want to identify transposed knowledge at several periods, on the other hand, we want to identify conditions for mathematical theories (possibly to be written) which could be used as reference for the teaching of quantifies, numbers and calculation. For that, we take into account mathematical and didactical needs: notably tasks, rationales of rules for students, consistency of knowledge, continuity of learning; -knowledge of present students (277 on 5th grade). We want to better define some potential breaks and gaps highlighted with studies of links and academic knowledge
Freitas, José Luiz Magalhaes de. "L'activité de validation lors du passage de l'arithmétique à l'algèbre : une étude des types de preuves produites par des élèves de collège/lycée". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20129.
Texto completo da fonteBattie, Véronique. "Spécificités et potentialités de l'arithmétique élémentaire pour l'apprentissage du raisonnement mathématique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141080.
Texto completo da fonteBoessenkool, Geessina Gerda. "L'habileté des élèves du district fédéral du Brésil à estimer des résultats de calculs". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37338.
Texto completo da fonteQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Capponi, Bernard. "Calcul algébrique et programmation dans un tableur : le cas de Multiplan". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338688.
Texto completo da fonteBelguesmi, Nejib. "Le rôle de la schématisation segmentaire dans la résolution de problèmes arithmétiques : une étude de cas en 3ème cycle du primaire en Tunisie". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0039.
Texto completo da fonteIn our research, we are interested in the mathematical knowledge and skills related to the solution of arithmetic problems using a particular type of schema : the «segmental» schema. More specifically, we focus on arithmetic problems classically proposed at the end of elementary school in Tunisia, which we model using fundamental schema statements – by associating didactic variables to them – in order to elucidate the mathematical knowledge that may be involved in their resolution. A study of textbooks, pupil responses (Tunisian and French) to a questionnaire, and an experiment conducted in two Tunisian classes at the end of elementary school (pupils aged 11 – 12 years) have made it possible to identify a set of conditions and constraints that may influence the teaching and learning of such mathematical knowledge and skills. In particular, we have identified implicit expectation systems governing the behavior of students and teachers in solving such problems, which we model through didactic contracts of different scales
Comin, Eugène. "Proportionnalité et fonction linéaire : caractères, causes et effets didactiques des évolutions et des réformes dans la scolarité obligatoire". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827905.
Texto completo da fonteMajaj, Maha. "L’enseignement de l’arithmétique en France au collège et à la transition collège / lycée". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10062/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this research, we are interested in a didactic study of the arithmetical contents, where arithmetic refers to elementary theory of numbers. We aimed to study choices of the teaching of arithmetic in France from the early XXth century and to identify institutional constraints for the reintroduction of arithmetic in the secondary education that occurred in the early XXIth and their effects on teaching practices and students’ experiences. First, we lead an epistemological analysis to describe the different mathematical organizations, and definitions that should be chosen for the teaching of arithmetic that we have completed with a review of previous researches in the Anglo-Saxon world on one hand, and in the French works on the other hand. We lead then an institutional analysis of the arithmetic in an ecological perspective to reveal different systems of constraints and conditions that should have an influence on the evolutions of this knowledge during the process of internal didactic transposition, by analyzing the programs and the textbooks in two institutions: Middle school and the fifth year of High school, from the reform of 1902 till 2010, tracking the mathematical organizations and the definitions. Second, we lead a study of the personal relationships of teachers and students regarding the arithmetical concepts involved in fifth year of high school through two questionnaires, including a comparison between teachers’ answers and the answers of their own pupils. A main result of our research is the great instability of the arithmetical content in the French curriculum at Middle school and at the transition from Middle school into High school
Wang, Xiaofei. "The teaching of analysis at the École Polytechnique : 1795-1809". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC234.
Texto completo da fonteThis work studies the courses of analysis taught at the Ecole Polytechnique (EP) from 1795 until 1809. Several mathematicians of the eighteenth century contributed important works as they practiced the teaching of analysis at this school. Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) was the central figure, who had been the first professor of the course of analysis at the EP and had great impact on his successors. In order to show in which way and to what degree the lectures that Lagrange gave exerted influence on the teaching of analysis at the EP, this dissertation gives a detailed discussion on Lagrange’s publications and courses of analysis, as well as those by other teachers, i.e. Joseph Fourier(1768-1830), Jean-GuillaumeGarnier(1766-1840)andSylvestre-FrançoisLacroix (1765-1843). It achieves the following conclusions. First, Lagrange, taking into account the utility for students, chose to found analysis on the method of the developments of functions in series, so that analysis could be united with algebra, and arithmetic as well. Second, Lagrange’s approach to differential calculus, as well as the epistemic values he pursued in his mathematical works, provided influential source for the teaching of analysis by other professors. The thesis is that the three professors who taught beside or after Lagrange followed Lagrange’s ideas, although each made some modifications on his own course