Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Multidisciplinaria"

Por lo tanto, un examen filosófico de los mass media es una buena oportunidad para estar justificados —o no estarlo— en sostener racionalmente la creencia que los fenómenos sociales y culturales pueden ser analizados por enfoques multidisciplinarios. En otras palabras, si existe la hipótesis que los mass media es un campo de estudio multidisciplinario, entonces el objetivo de esta investigación filosófica es señalar si –en principio– estamos justificados en aceptarla.

Alonso Cavieres, Librarian MSc TI, Training & Consulting Partner, Customer Experience
La videoconferencia “Alexander Street: Herramienta Multimedia de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje Multidisciplinaria” fue organizada por el Sistema de Bibliotecas, y contó principalmente con la participación de docentes y estudiantes de los distintos programas académicos. El expositor Alonso Cavieres, presentó las principales características y funcionalidades del recurso para buscar y recuperar información multimedia entre videos y audios. Además, detalló el uso de las herramientas interactivas, los cuales funcionan de forma dinámica, proporcionando soporte al aprendizaje de los estudiantes y enriqueciendo las sesiones de clases de los docentes. Este recurso puede ser consultado en nuestro Portal de Recursos de investigación (http://recursosinvestigacion.upc.edu.pe).

El Sistema de Bibliotecas de UPC organizó el webinar EBSCO HOST: Base de datos académica y multidisciplinaria, el cual estuvo a cargo de Jenny Maggi Cáceres Gini, Training Manager & Customer Engagement Services, quien desde Paraguay dio a conocer las características y funcionalidades que tiene esta base de datos, como: los tipos de búsquedas, herramientas, filtros y contenido de las diversas áreas temáticas que ofrece este recurso. Asimismo, se indicó su importancia en el proceso de revisión de fuentes académicas para el desarrollo de trabajos de investigación.

Elabora una propuesta para la óptima inclusión de las tecnologías de información en el proceso de formación y capacitación a los docentes escolares peruanos; debido a que son los profesores el soporte más importante para introducir los recursos tecnológicos en el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa. Siendo los decentes, además, los grandes protagonistas del cambio en las estrategias pedagógicas, se plantea un esquema de participación multidisciplinaria para la elaboración de productos informáticos bajo la metodología de E-learning con la finalidad de capacitar y entrenar a los profesores escolares, haciendo un óptimo uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

La hepatitis C és una de les principals causes de malaltia hepàtica crònica al món. La lesió hepàtica pot anar des de mínims canvis histològics a cirrosi i les seves complicacions i hepatocarcinoma. Actualment, la incidència i prevalença de la malaltia hepàtica pel virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) va disminuint donada la eficàcia dels nous agents antivirals d’acció directa (AAD). Fins l’any 2015, l’hepatitis crònica per VHC es tractava amb interferó pegilat i ribavirina. S’associava a una elevada taxa d’efectes adversos i una disminució de la qualitat de vida, per la qual cosa estava contraindicat en molts pacients. Precisava de molts controls, pel que, el seguiment dins d’un equip multidisciplinari podia millorar els efectes indesitjables, i és per això que es va fer el primer estudi de la tesi. No obstant, a partir del 2015 es van poder utilitzar els AAD, els quals tenen molt pocs efectes secundaris. Els estudis pivotals suggerien que eren segurs per a pacients amb patologia psiquiàtrica, no obstant, els seus efectes sobre l’ansietat i la depressió no s’havien analitzat específicament pel que vam voler analitzar aquests efectes en la pràctica clínica. Objectiu del primer estudi: si implementar un equip multidisciplinari millorava els resultats del tractament de la hepatitis crònica per VHC. Objectiu segon estudi: analitzar l’ansietat i la depressió en pacients amb hepatitis crònica per VHC tractats amb AAD. Primer estudi: es van analitzar els pacients tractats amb interferó pegilat més ribavirina entre l’agost de 2001 i el desembre de 2011. Es van comparar pacients tractats abans i després de l’equip multidisciplinari el 2007. Es van comparar les característiques demogràfiques i clíniques i els resultats de laboratori entre un grup control i un grup d’intervenció amb maneig per un equip multidisciplinari. Per avaluar l’efecte de l’equip multidisciplinari, es va utilitzar un model de regressió logística multivariant. Segon estudi: es van incloure tots els pacients que van iniciar tractament amb AAD entre l’1 de novembre del 2014 i el 31 d’octubre del 2015. Van omplir el qüestionari HADS en diferents moments durant el tractament i a l’assolir la RVS. Els resultats es van avaluar mitjançant un model de regressió lineal amb mesures repetides. Primer estudi: es van incloure 514 pacients (228 (44,4%) al grup control- sense intervenció de l’equip multidisciplinari-). Els factors pronòstics de RVS van ser l’edat, el genotip, el tractament previ, l’AST, la ferritina i els triglicèrids. Després d’ajustar per factors pronòstics, la RVS va ser més alta a la cohort d’intervenció (amb l’equip multidisciplinari) respecte del grup control (58% vs. 48%, p = 0,038). La taxa d’abandonament va ser del 2,2% en el grup d’intervenció vs. 4,9% en el grup control p = 0,107 malgrat haver-hi major comorbilitat psiquiàtrica al grup d’intervenció. Segon estudi: es van incloure 145 pacients tractats amb AAD (11% d’ells amb trastorns psiquiàtrics severs; 32% amb tractament psiquiàtric). La RVS va ser del 97,3%. Les puntuacions en ansietat i depressió no van diferir durant el tractament ni el seguiment posterior. A l’analitzar els diferents subgrups (fibrosi significativa o cirrosi, trastorn psiquiàtric major, associació de ribavirina) no es van trobar tampoc diferències significatives. El maneig amb equip multidisciplinari dels pacient amb hepatitis crònica per VHC millora la RVS i disminueix la taxa d’abandonament del tractament amb interferó pegilat i ribavirina. El tractament amb AAD no tenen cap impacte en l’ansietat o la depressió durant o després del tractament, fins i tot en pacients d’alt risc amb trastorns psiquiàtrics severs.
La hepatitis C es una de las principales causas de enfermedad hepática crónica en el mundo. La lesión hepática puede ir desde mínimos cambios histológicos a cirrosis y sus complicaciones y hepatocarcinoma. Actualmente, la incidencia y prevalencia de la hepatitis C va disminuyendo dada la eficacia de los nuevos agentes antivirales de acción directa (AAD). Hasta el año 2015, la hepatitis crónica por virus C (VHC) se trataba con interferón pegilado y ribavirina. Se asociaba a una elevada tasa de efectos adversos y una disminución de la calidad de vida, por lo que estaba contraindicado en muchos pacientes. Precisaba de muchos controles, por lo que, el seguimiento dentro de un equipo multidisciplinar podía mejorar los efectos indeseables, y es por eso que se hizo el primer estudio de la tesis. Sin embargo, a partir de 2015 se pudieron utilizar los AAD, que tienen muy pocos efectos secundarios. Los estudios pivotales sugerían que eran seguros para pacientes con patología psiquiátrica, sin embargo, sus efectos sobre la ansiedad y la depresión no se habían analizado específicamente por lo que quisimos analizar estos efectos en la práctica clínica. El objetivo del primer estudio fue determinar si implementar un equipo multidisciplinar mejoraba los resultados del tratamiento de la hepatitis crónica por VHC. En el segundo estudio el objetivo principal fue analizar la ansiedad y la depresión en pacientes con hepatitis crónica por VHC tratados con AAD durante el período de tratamiento y hasta la obtención de la respuesta viral sostenida (RVS). En el primer estudio se analizaron los pacientes tratados con interferón pegilado más ribavirina entre agosto de 2001 y diciembre de 2011. Se compararon pacientes tratados antes y después del equipo multidisciplinar en 2007. Se compararon las características demográficas y clínicas y los resultados de laboratorio entre un grupo control y un grupo de intervención con manejo por un equipo multidisciplinar. Para evaluar el efecto del equipo multidisciplinar, se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística multivariante. En el segundo estudio se incluyeron todos los pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento con AAD entre el 1 de noviembre de 2014 y el 31 de octubre de 2015. Rellenaron el cuestionario HADS en diferentes momentos durante el tratamiento y al alcanzar la RVS. Los resultados se evaluaron mediante un modelo de regresión lineal con medidas repetidas. En el primer estudio se incluyeron 514 pacientes (228 (44,4%) al grupo control- sin intervención del equipo multidisciplinar-). Los factores pronósticos de RVS fueron la edad, el genotipo, el tratamiento previo, la AST, la ferritina y los triglicéridos. Después de ajustar por factores pronósticos, la RVS fue más alta en la cohorte de intervención (con el equipo multidisciplinar) respecto del grupo control (58% vs. 48%, p = 0,038). La tasa de abandono fue del 2,2% en el grupo de intervención vs. 4,9% en el grupo control p = 0,107 pesar haber mayor comorbilidad psiquiátrica al grupo de intervención. En el segundo estudio se incluyeron 145 pacientes tratados con AAD (11% de ellos con trastornos psiquiátricos severos; 32% con tratamiento psiquiátrico). La RVS fue del 97,3%. Las puntuaciones en ansiedad y depresión no difirieron durante el tratamiento ni el seguimiento posterior. Al analizar los diferentes subgrupos (fibrosis significativa o cirrosis, trastorno psiquiátrico mayor, asociación de ribavirina) no se encontraron tampoco diferencias significativas. El manejo con equipo multidisciplinar de los pacientes con hepatitis crónica por VHC mejora la RVS y disminuye la tasa de abandono del tratamiento con interferón pegilado y ribavirina. El tratamiento con AAD no tienen ningún impacto en la ansiedad o la depresión durante o después del tratamiento, incluso en pacientes de alto riesgo con trastornos psiquiátricos severos.
Hepatitis C is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the world. Liver injury can range from minimal histological changes to cirrhosis and its complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the incidence and prevalence of liver disease due to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is declining due to the efficacy of the new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). Until 2015, chronic HCV hepatitis was treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. It was associated with a high rate of adverse effects and a decreased quality of life, so it was contraindicated in many patients. It required a lot of controls, so monitoring within a multidisciplinary team could improve the undesirable effects, which is why the first study of the thesis was done. However, from 2015 onwards, DAA could be used, which have very few side effects. Pivotal studies suggested that they were safe for patients with psychiatric pathology, however, their effects on anxiety and depression had not been specifically analyzed so we wanted to analyze these effects in clinical practice. The aim of the first study was to determine whether implementing a multidisciplinary team improved the outcomes of the treatment of chronic HCV hepatitis. In the second study, the main objective was to analyze anxiety and depression in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis treated with DAA during the treatment period and until a sustained viral response (SVR) was obtained. The first study analyzed patients treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin between August 2001 and December 2011. Patients treated before and after the multidisciplinary team in 2007 were compared. Demographic and clinical characteristics and laboratory outcomes were compared between a control group and an intervention group managed by a multidisciplinary team. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effect of the multidisciplinary team. The second study included all patients who began treatment with DAA between November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2015. They filled out the HADS questionnaire at different times during treatment and upon reaching the SVR. The results were evaluated using a linear regression model with repeated measurements. The first study included 514 patients (228 (44.4%) in the control group -without the intervention of the multidisciplinary team-). Prognostic factors for SVR were age, genotype, pretreatment, AST, ferritin, and triglycerides. After adjusting for prognostic factors, SVR was higher in the intervention cohort (with the multidisciplinary team) than in the control group (58% vs. 48%, p = 0.038). The dropout rate was 2.2% in the intervention group vs. 4.9% in the control group p = 0.107 despite greater psychiatric comorbidity in the intervention group. The second study included 145 patients treated with DAA (11% of them with severe psychiatric disorders; 32% with psychiatric treatment). The SVR was 97.3%. Anxiety and depression scores did not differ during treatment or follow-up. No significant differences were found in the analysis of the different subgroups (significant fibrosis or cirrhosis, major psychiatric disorder, ribavirin association). Multidisciplinary team management of patients with chronic HCV hepatitis improves SVR and decreases the rate of discontinuation of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. DAA treatment has no impact on anxiety or depression during or after treatment, even in high-risk patients with severe psychiatric disorders.

Orientador: Sandro Tonso
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia
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Resumo: Com a expansão do debate da crise ambiental na sociedade, surgem na década de 1980, como novos espaços de veiculação das questões ambientais, os festivais de cinema ambiental. O debate, aparentemente homogêneo, é divergente, múltiplo e conflituoso, sendo necessário problematizar as representações relacionadas à temática ambiental e explicitar os conflitos socioambientais, com o intuito de identificar onde estão às brechas, os germes para a emancipação e para o equilíbrio socioambiental. Nessa perspectiva, essa pesquisa apresenta uma discussão teórica reflexiva multidisciplinar sobre o cinema ambiental, inter-relacionando-o com a crise socioambiental, com concepções de meio ambiente, com festivais de cinema ambiental, com Educação Ambiental e com potencial educador do filme. Para isso, foi realizado um breve ensaio com algumas discussões que dão embasamento teórico à pesquisa, uma investigação do uso do termo "cinema ambiental", uma investigação e reflexão sobre as concepções de Cinema Ambiental e um levantamento histórico e de dados numéricos sobre o FICA (Festival Internacional de Cinema Ambiental), festival escolhido para examinarmos alguns filmes. As conclusões apontam que o termo "cinema ambiental" é utilizado em diversos contextos, suscitando interesses atinentes a grupos diversos, e que as concepções de Cinema Ambiental dependem das concepções ambientais dos sujeitos que a denominam, sendo que, nos festivais, outros critérios também estão presentes. Além dessas contribuições, essa pesquisa também contribui com algumas reflexões em relação ao FICA e com apontamentos sobre o potencial educador dos filmes ambientais, na perspectiva de uma Educação Ambiental Crítica
Abstract: With the expansion of the environmental crisis debate in society, emerge in the 1980s, as new spaces for placement of environmental issues, the environmental film festivals. The debate apparently homogeneous, is divergent, multiple and conflicting, being necessary to question the representations related to environmental issues and clarify the environmental conflicts, in order to identify where the gaps are, germs for emancipation and the environmental balance. In this perspective, this research presents a theoretical discussion about the film reflexive multidisciplinary environment, inter-relating it with the environmental crisis, with conceptions of environment, with environmental film festivals, with Environmental Education and educator with potential movie. For this, we conducted a brief test with some discussions that give theoretical research, an investigation of the use of the term "environmental theater", a research and reflection on the concepts of Environmental Film and a historical survey and numerical data on FICA (Environmental International Film Festival), chosen to examine some festival films the findings suggest that the term "environmental theater" is used in several contexts, raising concerns relating to different groups, and that the conceptions of environmental Cinema depend on environmental subjects' conceptions the call, and, at festivals, other criteria are also present. In addition to these contributions, this research also contributes some thoughts regarding the FICA and notes about the potential environmental educator of the films from the perspective of a Critical Environmental Education
Mestrado
Tecnologia e Inovação
Mestre em Tecnologia

O trabalho voltado à saúde tem recebido uma atenção especial em dois enfoques: a humanização do atendimento e a formação de equipes multidisciplinares. A primeira propõe a valorização da dimensão psicossocial do atendimento, processo amplo, complexo, que passa pela quebra de protocolos, como a relação de autoridade entre profissional e paciente; a formação de equipes multidisciplinares encontra dificuldades inerentes ao caráter racional das ciências especializadas, que fragmenta o saber, perdendo a visão de totalidade. Promover a humanização e o trabalho multidisciplinar, foi a proposta de uma equipe atuando em uma academia de ginástica, criada para atender portadores de HIV/Aids. Formada por alunos e profissionais da Educação Física, Fisioterapia, Nutrição e Psicologia, a equipe reunia-se para discutir aspectos técnicos e psicossociais referentes ao atendimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar elementos relacionados à apropriação do trabalho, produção de conhecimento derivado do atendimento prestado, e seus desdobramentos para a formação do profissional envolvido. Entrevistas individuais, realizadas junto aos participantes da equipe, permitiram a identificação de conteúdos referentes à avaliação do trabalho realizado, cujos significados foram, posteriormente, agrupados em categorias temáticas: a) Integração, cujos conteúdos se referiam à interação na equipe e desta com as pessoas atendidas; b) Produção do Conhecimento, envolvendo elementos para a construção do saber dentro da equipe, enquanto produto da apropriação da experiência informal ou acadêmica; c) Avaliação, enquanto crítica e autocrítica sobre o trabalho realizado, em função de metas não atingidas ou relacionadas ao trabalho multidisciplinar; d) Perspectivas, ou propensões para a continuidade das atividades, sejam no programa ou na carreira profissional. Tais categorias temáticas, enquanto elementos subsidiários á criação de um background para o atendimento humanizado em saúde, apontam para necessidades de mudanças importantes nos processos de formação em saúde, envolvendo formas de apropriação do trabalho no interior das equipes multidisciplinares.
The work directed to health has received special attention in two approaches: the humanization of health service and the formation of multidisciplinary teams. The first one is considered to ad value to the psychosocial service, a wide and complex process which goes through protocol breaks, such as, the relation between professionals and patients; the formation of multidisciplinary teams finds difficulties inherent to the rational aspect of specialized sciences, that breaks up knowledge, losing the global vision. To promote the humanization and multidisciplinary approach was the proposal of a team working in a health club, established to take care of HIV/Aids patients. Created by students and professionals from Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Nutrition and Psychology, the team congregated itself to discuss technical and psychosocial aspects referring to the service. The present study had as a purpose, to identify elements related to the appropriation of work, knowledge production derived from the service, and its developments to the formation of involved professionals. Individual interviews, carried through the team´s participants, allowed the identification of contents referred to the evaluation of work covered, whose meanings were, later, grouped in thematic categories: a) Integration, whose contents related to the teams interaction and its interaction with the people taken care of; b) Knowledge production, involving elements to the construction of knowledge in the team, while a result of the appropriation of informal academic experience; c) Evaluation, while critical and self-critical on the carried work, either as a matter of unreached goals or not related to multidisciplinary work; d) Perspectives, or propensities for the continuity of the activities, either in the program or in the professional career. Such thematic categories, while subsidiary elements to the creation of a humanized service background in health, point to necessary and important changes in the process of health formation, involving forms of appropriation work inside the multidisciplinary teams.

La recherche de configurations d’aéronefs plus efficaces mène les ingénieurs à explorer de nouveaux concepts tels que l’aile volante, l’aile haubanée ou l’aile en jointive. Contrairement à la configuration classique aile-fuselage, qui est bien connue et étudiée, le comportement en vol de ces nouveaux concepts d'avion est peu connu. Dans ce contexte, la conception, la construction et les essais de modèles à l'échelle aéroélastiquement semblables se présentent comme un moyen peu risqué d'acquérir des connaissances expérimentales sur ces nouveaux concepts. Un modèle aéroélastiquement semblable présente le même comportement aéroélastique (mis à l’échelle) que l’avion de référence à échelle réelle. En général, le même comportement aéroélastique implique de reproduire les mêmes déplacements pour des conditions du flux d’air données, ainsi que les mêmes vitesses de flottement ou de divergence statique mises à l'échelle. Pour résoudre le problème de similitude, l'approche est divisée en trois parties. Dans le premier cas, nous traitons le problème de similitude aéroélastique lorsque les paramètres de similitude du flux aérodynamique peuvent être complètement préservés. Dans cette situation, le problème consiste simplement à reproduire la réponse dynamique modale de l’aile mise à l'échelle en optimisant les propriétés de la structure et de la masse. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous concentrons sur l’optimisation du design de la forme de l’aile pour reproduire la réponse du flottement lorsque les paramètres de remise à l’échelle du flux aérodynamique ne peuvent pas être atteints
The search for more efficient aircraft configurations leads designers to explore new concepts such as the blended wing body, the strut-braced wing, or the box wing. Unlike the classical wing-fuselage configuration, which is well known and understood, few is known about the in-flight behavior of these new aircraft concepts. In that context, the design, construction, and testing of unmanned aeroelastically scaled models presents itself as a low-risk means of acquiring experimental knowledge on these new concepts. An aeroelastically scaled model exhibits the same scaled aeroelastic behavior as the full-scale reference aircraft. Typically, the same aeroelastic behavior implies matching the displacements for some given scaled airflow conditions, as well as the scaled flutter or static divergence speeds. To address the similarity problem, we divide the approach in three parts. In the first one we deal with the aeroelastic similarity problem when the aerodynamic flow scaling conditions can be completely preserved. In that situation, the problem is reduced to simply matching the scaled modal dynamic response of the wing through optimization of the structure and mass properties. In the second part, we focus on the wing planform design optimization to match the flutter response when the airflow scaling parameters cannot be achieved

As aglomerações de empresas têm despertado o interesse de pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas, dadas as suas particularidades, em comparação com os negócios que não se localizam em aglomerações, pois têm havido desempenhos satisfatórios que são obtidos pelas empresas participantes das aglomerações, e desenvolvimento nas localidades em que os aglomerados se instalam. O desenvolvimento local é contribuinte da melhoria da qualidade de vida das regiões, a partir do impacto que é gerado em várias dimensões, quais sejam: espacial, cultural, política, institucional, social, econômica e ambiental. O Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) é um tipo de aglomerado empresarial que se constitui em um sistema formador de ações coletivas e resultados promissores para determinada região. Assim, é um agente para o desenvolvimento dessa localidade, dada sua capacidade de impactar as dimensões do desenvolvimento local por meio de ações potencializadoras e/ou inibidoras. A proposta deste estudo foi estudar quais, e como, fatores presentes em três arranjos produtivos locais, situados nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil, contribuem ou inibem o desenvolvimento local das regiões em que estão inseridos, a partir das inter-relações entre as dimensões ambiental, cultural, econômica, espacial, institucional, política e social. Os objetivos específicos foram: i) identificar os atores, as dimensões e os fatores presentes nos arranjos produtivos locais, considerando a possível interferência no desenvolvimento local; ii) alocar os fatores conforme as categorias de análise; iii) entender o conjunto dos fatores, das relações e das interações, presentes entre os atores/agentes e as dimensões do desenvolvimento local; iv) compreender os fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento local; v) compreender os fatores que inibem o desenvolvimento local. A pesquisa foi de natureza aplicada, abordagem qualitativa e descritiva. A estratégia utilizada para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi o estudo multicasos. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: entrevistas, observação não participante e análise documental. Para interpretação dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo a partir das categorias, aspectos: ambientais, culturais, econômicos, espaciais, institucionais, políticos e sociais. Os resultados apontaram que houve desenvolvimento local nos três arranjos estudados, porém com diferenças de impacto entre os fatores formadores de cada dimensão, assim como entre a contribuição de cada dimensão ao desenvolvimento local. Vários fatores apresentaram tanto potencializar quanto inibir o desenvolvimento. Verificou-se que o fator Cooperação, Coletividade é chave para as práticas de desenvolvimento, assim como a dimensão institucional, por ser coordenadora e disseminadora potencial de ações para esse fim. A dimensão econômica ainda é a que mais motiva as ações e estratégias dos arranjos, e a dimensão ambiental tem tido menor motivação, o que tem comprometido, e muito, o desenvolvimento das regiões analisadas. É necessário contemplar visão de maior envolvimento e transformação cultural entre os agentes/atores dos locais. Como sugestões práticas, as políticas (públicas e privadas) devem considerar aspectos imprescindíveis ao desenvolvimento local, quais sejam: a formação da autonomia do arranjo; a flexibilidade quanto as fronteiras espaciais para definição de variados problemas e variadas soluções; a perspectiva de longo prazo; a inovação e o profissionalismo, por uma visão ampla, além da dimensão financeira.
The agglomerations of companies attracted the interest of researchers and policymakers, given their particularities, compared to companies not located in agglomerations, because occurred satisfactory performances by the companies participating in the agglomerations, and development in the localities where the agglomerates settle. The local development contributes to the improvement of the quality of life of the regions, by the impact generated in several dimensions, such as: spatial, cultural, political, institutional, social, economic and environmental. The cluster is a type of industrial agglomerated composed of a system of collective actions and promising results for a given region. Thus, it is an agent for the development of this locality, given its capacity to affect the dimensions of local development through actions that contribute to or inhibit in this development. The research was the purpose of studying which, and how, factors present in three clusters, situated in the Southeast and Center-West regions of Brazil, contribute or inhibit the local development of the regions in which they belong, based on the interrelations between the dimensions: environmental, cultural, economic, spatial, institutional, political and social. The specific objectives were: i) identify the actors, dimensions, and factors present in the clusters, considering the possible interference in local development; ii) allocate the factors according to the categories of analysis; iii) understand the set of factors, relationships and interactions, present between the actors/agents and the dimensions of local development; iv) understand the factors that contribute to local development; v) understand the factors that inhibit local development. The research considered a study of an applied nature, qualitative approach and descriptive. The strategy used to reach the proposed goal was the multi-case study. The techniques of data collection were interviews, non-participant observation, and documentary analysis. For the interpretation of the data, was used the content analysis according to the categories, aspects: environmental, cultural, economic, spatial, institutional, political and social. The results showed that there was local development in the three arrangements studied, but with differences of impact between the factors forming each dimension, as well as between the contribution of each dimension to local development. Several factors have both potentialized and inhibited development. The factor Cooperation, Collectivity was indicated as fundamental for the development practices, as well as the institutional dimension, for having a potential coordinator and disseminator of actions for this purpose. The economic dimension is still the one that most motivates the actions and strategies in the arrangements, and the environmental dimension has less motivation, which has greatly committed the development of the analyzed regions. It is necessary to contemplate a vision of greater involvement and cultural transformation among the agents/actors from locals. As practical suggestions, the policies (public and private) should consider aspects essential to local development, such as: the formation of the autonomy of the arrangement; the flexibility of spatial frontier to define varied problems and solutions; the long-term perspective; the innovation and the professionalism, for a broad vision, beyond the financial dimension.

A prestação do serviço de Odontologia dentro do ambiente hospitalar teve início devido aos benefícios observados com o trabalho de equipes multidisciplinares no cuidado com a saúde. De modo geral, os pacientes são atendidos pelos cirurgiõesdentistas dentro dos hospitais terciários porque sua condição de saúde impede a realização dos procedimentos em consultórios ou unidades de saúde, devido, entre outros, à dificuldade de locomoção ou falta de equipe treinada para atender portadores de enfermidades sistêmicas. Estudos que enfocam esse tema têm observado benefícios importantes na condição de saúde do paciente. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: Caracterizar o Serviço de Odontologia Hospitalar no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, nos seguintes aspectos: 1) assistencial: relacionar as atividades quanto ao número de atendimentos por tipo, procedência do paciente (internado ou ambulatorial), patologias de base e enfermaria específica; 2) financeiro: identificar a receita SUS dos procedimentos odontológicos realizados e identificar os custos do Serviço de Odontologia Hospitalar, e 3) percepção dos profissionais cirurgiõesdentistas e Chefes das especialidades médicas usuárias dos serviços de odontologia hospitalar, quanto aos serviços prestados, e a satisfação dos usuários pacientes. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva com dados relativos ao ano de 2016, através de um estudo de caso. Para identificar a percepção dos profissionais e satisfação dos pacientes com os serviços odontológicos prestados pelo Hospital foram aplicados (em 2017) questionários específicos. Os resultados demonstraram prevalência de atendimentos ambulatoriais, sendo que os principais procedimentos realizados foram tratamentos periodontais, cirurgias e laserterapia. Quanto ao aspecto financeiro, observou-se que nem todos os procedimentos são reembolsados pelo SUS e seus custos ultrapassam o valor recebido. A receita media SUS e o custo por atendimentos foram R$ 59,91 e R$ 5,36 respectivamente. O estudo permitiu também concluir que a percepção / satisfação nas três esferas analisadas é positiva em relação do serviço prestado. Espera-se que as informações encontradas forneçam subsídios para a melhoria contínua do serviço existente dentro do hospital, bem como para outros gestores que desejam implantar a Odontologia Hospitalar em outros centros de referência.
The provision of Dentistry service within the hospital environment began due to the benefits observed with multidisciplinary healthcare providers working together. In general, patients are attended by dentists at tertiary referral hospitals because their health condition which prevents the procedures to be performed in the clinic or health units, due, among others, to the difficulty of locomotion or lack of trained personnel to attend patients with systemic diseases. Studies that focus on this theme have observed important benefits in patient\'s health condition. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the activities and procedures performed by the team of dental surgeons at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP in 2016 under the following aspects: 1) assistential: to relate the activities regarding the number of attendances according to the patient origin (ambulatory or nursery) and base pathology; 2) financial: identify the oral care procedures SUS revenues obtained and the costs incurred providing the service, and 3) stakeholders perception / satisfaction: evaluate the perception / satisfaction regarding the contribution of the service in the three mains spheres that comprise it: the dentists who provides care, the physician who works together with the dentistry staff and the patient. To meet these objectives, the descriptive exploratory research was chosen through case reports. To measure the perception / satisfaction specific questionnaires were applied for each group in 2017. The results demonstrated the prevalence of ambulatory care and the main procedures performed were periodontal treatments, surgeries and laser therapy. As for the financial aspect, it was observed that the service is deficient, since not all procedures are reimbursed by SUS and the costs exceed the amount received. In average, SUS reimbursed R$5,36 per procedure while the calculated costs were R$ 59,91. The study also concluded that the perception / satisfaction in the three spheres analyzed are positive in relation to the service provided. It is expected the results obtained will provide subsidies for the continuous improvement of the existing service within the hospital, as well for other managers who wish to implement Oral Service Medicine in other referral hospitals.

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Child hospitalization is a difficult process for the child's development in a hostile and indifferent environment with resistance to adapt to the new reality. The playful care helps to make the stay in the hospital easier, favors the child's development and healing. The feeling of finitude of life afflicts the child, the family those who accompany him in the hospital, during hospitalization. The imminent fear of death, the homesickness of the home makes difficult the relationship with: nurses, doctors, psychologists, physiotherapists, among others. In the context, we investigated the perceptions of professionals of the multidisciplinary health team in relation to the development of play activities in 2 pediatric public hospitals of São Luís/MA. An exploratory, descriptive research was developed. The participants were 8 professionals belonging to the health area, among them, 2 are doctors, 2 nurses, 2 psychologists and 2 occupational therapists, 6 of which are female and 2 are male, with an average of 6 years of professional experience in hospitals. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that play activities developed with children are relevant in the processes of socialization and integration of the child to the reality of hospitalization. The professionals of the multidisciplinary health team emphasize that the play activities developed in pediatric hospitals contribute to the recovery process of the child's health, adding to the treatment of the pathology.
O atendimento lúdico contribui para tornar a permanência no hospital, mais fácil, favorece o desenvolvimento da criança e cura. O sentimento de finitude da vida aflige a criança, a família os que a acompanham no hospital, durante a internação. O medo iminente de morte, a saudade do lar dificulta o relacionamento com: enfermeiros, médicos, psicólogos, fisioterapeutas, entre outros. No contexto, investigaram-se as percepções de profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar de saúde em relação ao desenvolvimento de atividades lúdicas em 2 hospitais públicos pediátricos de São Luís/MA. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva. Os participantes foram 8 profissionais pertencentes à área da saúde, dentre esses, 2 são médicos, 2 enfermeiros, 2 psicólogos e 2 terapeutas ocupacionais, sendo 6 pertencentes ao sexo feminino e 2 ao sexo masculino, possuindo em média 6 anos de experiências profissionais em hospitais pediátricos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados sinalizam que as atividades lúdicas desenvolvidas com crianças são relevantes nos processos de socialização e integração da criança à realidade da internação. Os profissionais da equipe muldisciplinar de saúde, enfatizam que as atividades lúdicas desenvolvidas nos hospitais pediátricos contribuem no processo de recuperação da saúde da criança, somando no tratamento da patologia.

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A educação inclusiva, como modalidade de educação escolar oferecida na rede regular de ensino, é um direito defendido pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996. Contudo, colocar esta proposta em prática ainda é um grande desafio para os profissionais envolvidos com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, uma perspectiva voltada para a integração multidisciplinar, a qual entende o processo de ensino e aprendizagem como interação entre os estímulos provenientes do meio externo e o cérebro, torna-se fundamental para a efetivação da educação inclusiva. Assim, o presente estudo buscou uma articulação entre psicologia, educação e neurociências, transformando o sistema de ensino e aprendizagem, por meio de novas práticas elaboradas de acordo com o funcionamento harmônico entre o cérebro, a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento humano. O objetivo deste trabalho constituiu em promover uma discussão sobre as práticas pedagógicas da educação inclusiva e seus efeitos no desenvolvimento escolar, para tanto realizou-se um estudo de um caso envolvendo uma criança de oito anos,com diagnóstico prévio de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH), desde seu encaminhamento até o tratamento. Com base na análise deste caso, concluiu-se que as práticas inclusivas devem ser incorporadas a partir da colaboração entre as áreas da psicologia, neurociências e educação com um olhar dirigido à maneira de aprender da criança com TDAH.
Inclusive educationastype of educationofferedinthe regular school systemis a rightupheld by theLaw of Guidelines andBases, 1996. However, to putthis proposalinto practiceremains a majorchallenge for professionalsinvolved inthe process ofteaching and learning. In this sense, a perspectivefocused onmultidisciplinary integration, which meansthe process ofteaching and learningasinteraction betweenstimuli from theexternal environmentand the brain, it becomes essentialfor effectiveinclusive education. Thus, this study sought alink betweenpsychology, neuroscienceandeducation, transforming the system of teaching and learningthroughnew practicesprepared in accordance withthe harmonious functioningofthe brain, learning and human development. Theobjective of this studywasto promotea discussionaboutthe pedagogical practicesof inclusive educationand its effects onschool development, from the studyof acase involvinga childof eightyears,previously diagnosed withattentiondeficit disorderand hyperactivity(ADHD )fromyour referralto treatment. Based onits analysis,it was concluded thatinclusive practicesshould be incorporatedfrom thecollaborationbetween thefields of psychology, neuroscienceand educationwith an eyedirectedway to learnthechildwith ADHD.

A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de descrever a ocorrência de moléstia degenerativa osteoarticular (MDO) em pacientes atendidos em clínica especializada de fisioterapia, caracterizando a população de estudo segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, prática de atividades físicas, índice de massa corporal e uso anterior de fisioterapia, verificando possíveis associações com a atividade profissional, afastamento do trabalho, antecedentes familiares e freqüência de orientação médica. Foram estudados 108 pacientes encaminhados para um serviço público de fisioterapia localizado em Sertãozinho, São Paulo, com diagnóstico clínico e radiológico comprovado de MDO. O estudo identificou que a doença predomina no sexo feminino (69,4%) e na faixa etária acima de 60 anos para ambos os sexos. A obesidade é preponderante entre as mulheres (40% contra 24,3%, respectivamente). Sessenta e dois por cento dos participantes já haviam feito fisioterapia, com índices progressivamente crescentes de indivíduos das faixas etárias mais avançadas. O estudo permite ainda identificar que as áreas da coluna foram as mais comumente atingidas (64,9%), com predomínio da atividade braçal (94,5%). A maioria dos participantes referiram postura durante a atividade laborativa que favorecia o desenvolvimento da MDO, porém somente 25,9% referiram afastamento anterior do trabalho. A dor foi o principal sintoma, acometendo mais intensamente a coluna e o quadril, e os antiinflamatórios corresponderam ao medicamento mais comumente utilizado. Quarenta dos 108 participantes referiram antecedentes familiares de MDO. Tratamento cirúrgico foi indicado em 10,2% dos participantes, predominando entre os indivíduos com acometimento de joelho e naqueles com dor leve e moderada. Ocorreu predomínio dos estratos econômicos C e D, sendo que o entendimento da evolução da doença pelos participantes, independentemente do estrato econômico, foi referido por apenas 25,9% deles. As atividades laborais, embora não responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da doença, interferiram no agravamento dos sintomas, principalmente na dor articular, sendo esta o principal fator limitante do exercício profissional. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de implantação de programas de saúde pública voltados à prevenção de MDO e atendimento multidisciplinar, integrando a fisioterapia aos serviços de atenção primária à saúde, além de priorizar o aprimoramento da relação do profissional com o paciente, de modo a fazê-lo entender sua doença e participar ativamente do processo terapêutico.
This research was carried out with the objective of describing the occurrence of osteoarthritis in patients that attended a specialized clinic of physical therapy, characterizing the studied population according to demographic and social-economics variables, practice of physical activities, Body Mass Index (BMI) variables and the prior use of physical therapy, verifying possible associations with professional activity, labor withdraw, family background and frequency of medical orientation. A hundred eight patients were studied and sent to a public clinic of physical therapy in Sertãozinho (State of São Paulo), with clinical and radiological diagnose of osteoarthritis. The study identified that the disease prevails in the female (69,4%) and at the age above 60, for both sex. Obesity is preponderant among women, (40% and 24,3%, respectively). Sixty and two percent of all the patients had been submitted to physical therapy, with progressively increasing index of elderly patients. This study also allows to identify that most commonly affected articulation was the column (64,9%), prevailing manual activity (94,5%). Most of the patients referred position during labor activity that favored the development of osteoarthritis, but only 25.9% referred previous labor withdraw. Pain was the main symptom, affecting more intensively column and hip. Antiinflammatory drugs were the most frequent medication taken by these patients. Forty out of the 108 participants referred family history of osteoarthritis. Surgical treatment was indicated in 10,2% of the participants, mostly in patients with knee involvement and those with mild to moderate pain. Predominance of economic stratus C and D was observed, and understanding the development of the disease by these patients was referred by only 25.9% of them. Labor activities, although not responsible for the development of the disease, caused worsening of symptoms, mainly in articular pain, being this one the main limitant factor in professional activity. There is a need to improve public health care programs that look forward preventing osteoarthritis, and also a multidisciplinary care for these patients, integrating physical therapy to primary public health care services, besides prioritizing the improvement of doctor/patient relationship in a way of making patients to understand their disease and to participate in the therapeutic process.

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The aim of this study is to describe how premature babies behave intersubjectively in the relationship with their mothers during the first weeks of their lives. In order to understand the dyadic interaction between mother and baby, a qualitative and descriptive approach to research has been adopted. Four dyads comprised of primigravida women and their newly-born premature babies took part in the study. The babies had been born prematurely after 28 to 35 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive-care unit of a public hospital in the greater São Paulo. Two were female and two male. The data was collected from the filming of the first dyadic interaction in the mother s arms, lasting between 15 to 30 minutes. After that first registry, the dyadic behaviors between mother and baby were described and categorized following the intersubjective categories suggested by Fiamenghi (1999) and Fiamenghi et al. (2010). The results from the descriptions of the dyadic interactions showed that the prematurely-born babies establish an intersubjective relationship with their mother. There are positive emotions expressed through smiles, signs of coziness, synchrony, timing and empathy of feelings, falling into the category of (negotiating) interaction, invitation and imitation and (emotional) curiosity and friendliness; low frequency of negative feelings; and no aggressive behavior on the part of the mother. The outcome of this research may reinforce the need to adopt a humanizing approach to the prematurely-born babies; the need of inclusion of the family; and training and awareness of the whole multidisciplinary team. We suggest continuing this study by research using group.
O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever como os bebês prematuros se comportam intersubjetivamente na relação com suas mães nas primeiras semanas de vida. Para compreender as interações entre as díades mãe-bebê optou-se por uma metodologia qualitativa e descritiva de pesquisa. Participaram do estudo 4 díades compostas por mães primigestas e seus bebês recém-nascidos prematuros de 28 a 35 semanas, internados na UTI neonatal de uma instituição hospitalar pública da Grande São Paulo, 2 do sexo masculino e 2 do sexo feminino. Os dados foram coletados a partir da filmagem da primeira interação entre a díade ocorrida no colo da mãe, com duração entre 15 a 30 minutos. Após esse registro os comportamentos das díades mãe-bebê foram descritos e categorizados, de acordo com as categorias intersubjetivas propostas por Fiamenghi (1999) e Fiamenghi et al. (2010). Os resultados obtidos partir das descrições das interações das díades demonstrou que os bebês prematuros apresentam comportamentos intersubjetivos frente ao contato com sua mãe. Observou-se emoções positivas demonstradas por sorrisos, expressões de aconchego, sincronia, timing e empatia de sentimentos, atendendo às categorias de interação, convite e imitação (negociadoras) e curiosidade e simpatia (emocionais), baixa frequência de emoções negativas e nenhum comportamento agressivo por parte das mães. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem reforçar a necessidade da abordagem de humanização com os prematuros bem como a inserção da família e o treinamento e conscientização de toda a equipe multidisciplinar. Sugere-se continuidade do estudo com pesquisa de grupo.

Orientador: Alessandro Lia Mondelli
Resumo: Introdução: O Brasil é classificado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como um país de endemicidade intermediária para o vírus da hepatite C (VHC). Para alcançar melhorias nos serviços de acompanhamento e atendimento pela Equipe Multidisciplinar é necessário cada vez mais o aprimoramento e eficácia nas condutas terapêuticas. Objetivos: Avaliar e comparar o atendimento multidisciplinar de 5 ambulatórios de Hepatite C do Estado de São Paulo; Avaliar o grau de satisfação dos pacientes quanto à qualidade do atendimento recebido por uma equipe multidisciplinar; Descrever o grau de dificuldade no acompanhamento do tratamento dos portadores de hepatite C; Relacionar e comparar a qualidade de atendimento entre os 5 ambulatórios, descrevendo as diferenças entre ambos. Método: estudo transversal, realizado por meio de aplicação de questionário semiestruturado a 425 pacientes dos Ambulatórios, UNESP/HCFMB; UNIFESP/EPM; USP/FMRP; FAMERP/S.J.RIO PRETO e SANTOS CRAIDES. Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa número 1.850.408. Resultados: na avaliação do acompanhamento e atendimento dos serviços ambulatoriais nos diversos centros observaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significantes. A avaliação direta e indireta do atendimento médico e do atendimento de enfermagem foi classificada como boa e ótima, respectivamente. No entanto, os pacientes relataram não sentir diferenças no atendimento de cada profissional. Conclusão: Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam a neces... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: According with World Health Organization (WHO), Brazil is classified as a country with intermediary endemicity for the hepatitis C virus. In order to improve monitoring and follow-up services by the Multidisciplinary Group it is necessary to improve efficacy on the therapeutic conduct. Objetivos: Evaluate and compare the Multidisciplinary care among ambulatories of Hepatitis C of the State of Sao Paulo, regarding satisfaction monitoring and follow-up services provided by the ambulatories. Methodology: cross-sectional study, conducted by applying a half structuralized questionnaire to 425 patients of the following ambulatories:, CRAIDES/SANTOS; UNIFESP; FAMERP; USPFMRP and HCFMB. Approved by the Ethics in Research Committee. Results: In the evaluation of the follow-up and care of the ambulatorial`s services in the various centers, significant statistical differences were observed. The direct and indirect evaluation of the medical care and nursing care was classified as good and excellent, respectively. However, patients reported no differences in care from one professional to another. Conclusion: The results of this research suggest that, despite the great importance of the theme, in practice, users still demonstrated the lack of knowledge of the multiprofessional team during their treatment. However, they rate the medical and nursing staff during follow-up and outpatient care as good and great. Thus, the results indicate the need for those responsible for outpat... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

Le retour d’une inondation identique à celle de la Seine en janvier 1910 est à l’origine de nombreuses inquiétudes pour les autorités publiques, vu l’ampleur des dommages potentiels, estimés aujourd’hui à 30 milliards d’euros. Si l’information relative aux inondations historiques fait l’objet depuis plusieurs décennies d’une exploitation pour la gestion du risque, son intérêt s’est récemment vu affirmé par la Directive Inondation 2007/60/CE. L’article 4 de première étape de la Directive, relative à l’Évaluation Préliminaire des Risques d’Inondation ou EPRI, recommande aux gestionnaires de procéder à « la description des inondations survenues dans le passé et ayant eu des impacts négatifs significatifs […] ». Cette injonction permet de s’interroger quant à la signification de ces impacts significatifs, ainsi qu’à l’intérêt de l’étude des inondations du passé. Ce travail de thèse a porté sur la mise au point d’une approche multidisciplinaire pour caractériser des inondations dites remarquables, terme utilisé pour qualifier les 176 évènements de l’EPRI dans la BDHI (Base de Données Historiques sur les Inondations). Une grille multicritères, portant à la fois sur les caractéristiques hydrométéorologiques de l’aléa et les conséquences socio-économiques et politiques des événements, a été appliquée sur les 176 évènements d’inondation (1770-2010). Neuf événements remarquables ont été retenus sur la période 1910-2010 et fait l’objet d’études monographiques présentées en annexe. Ces synthèses détaillées d’évènement d’inondation ont permis d’alimenter la réflexion autour de trois questions transversales : 1/ Quels sont les facteurs impliqués dans le processus d’aléa d’une inondation remarquable ? ; 2/ Une analyse rétrospective permet-elle de mettre en lumière les causes de la mortalité lors d’inondation remarquables ? ; 3/ De quelle manière la société gère-t-elle un évènement remarquable d’inondation ? L’analyse de ces questions s’est en particulier reposée sur la cartographie qui offre des perspectives intéressantes pour restituer les différentes échelles spatio-temporelles impliquées dans l’évènement d’inondation
The occurrence of a 100 year flood in the Paris area like the January 1910 flood event is a major issue of concern as its potential economic impacts are today estimated around 30 billion euros. This shows the interest of studying exceptional past flood events for flood risk management. It has recently been confirmed by the European Flood Directive 2007/60/CE, in which article 4 recommends describing the floods that had “significant adverse impacts”. This aspect raises some questions. What does significant adverse impact mean? What is the interest to describe those events? This PhD thesis is focussing on a multidisciplinary approach for characterizing remarkable flood events, term used to qualify the 176 flood events selected during the Preliminary Risk Assessment of 2011 into the French National Historical Flood database (BDHI).An evaluation grid, based on the hydrometeorological aspects of the flood hazard as well as the socio-economic and politic consequences of the flood event, was applied to the set of 176 floods. The results conducted to select 9 remarkable flood events from 1910 to 2010. Monograph studies are presented on each of these case studies and are used to deal with three questions on the interest of studying past flood events: 1/ what are the factors involved in the hazard process leading to a remarkable flood event? ; 2/ does a retrospective analysis helps to understand the main explicative factors of flood mortality? ; 3/ how does the society manage a remarkable flood event?The analysis is especially supplied by the use of mapping which offers some issues to better understanding the different spatio-temporal dynamics and the main factors involved in a remarkable flood event

La idea es atraer a las organizaciones independientes, que buscan generar actividades culturales, las que se han ido consolidando a lo largo del tiempo dentro de los habitantes, no tan solo de la comuna de Recoleta , sino que también de las comunas periféricas, y que no tienen un lugar estratégico que les de cabida. Es por ello, lo que se busca con el proyecto es generar un lugar que sirva de equipamiento cultural para la comuna de Recoleta, del cual está carente, y por otro lado generar instancias de difusión y de encuentro que acojan nuevas y diversas actividades culturales a nivel metropolitano. El tema entonces, se constituye como un “centro multidisciplinario creativo”, que busca entregar equipamiento, áreas para el desarrollo cultural, y generar un espacio de acogida, donde se puedan realizar actividades espontáneas y recreacionales, con el fin de revitalizar la zona de La Angostura, tornando a ésta como un hito dentro de la comuna de Recoleta que la caracterice y potencie culturalmente a nivel metropolitano

El proyecto consiste en un centro multidisciplinario de creación, producción, investigación y difusión artística que recoge una parte importante de la actividad cultural del centro histórico de Lima e integra de manera cotidiana el arte con la sociedad. El centro multidisciplinario de creación artística busca fomentar la interdisciplinariedad a partir de la integración de las distintas ramas de las artes plásticas, aplicadas, audiovisuales y escénicas en un solo espacio. El énfasis del proyecto esta en la generación de espacios donde todas las disciplinas pueden interactuar entre sí de forma orgánica. Dinamismo, interacción y flexibilidad son los puntos clave en el desarrollo de la propuesta. El edificio se emplaza en un espacio degradado y subutilizado del centro histórico de Lima con un programa que plantea activar este “vacío urbano” mediante la ocupación de distintas dinámicas artísticas presentes en el lugar.
The Project consists in a multidisciplinary center for the creation, production and the artistic diffusion of contemporary art in the local scene of the historic center of Lima. It concentrates the cultural activity of the city center in an interdisciplinary space that integrates the general public in its dynamics. The multidisciplinary center for art creation seeks to stimulate the interdisciplinarity through the integration of the different art disciplines in one building. The emphasis of the project is the generation of spaces where all the art disciplines could interact amongst each other in an organic manner way. Dynamism, Interaction and flexibility are the key points in the development of the proposal. The building is located in a degraded and underused space within the historic center of Lima with a program that activates the “urban void” through the occupation of the different artistic dynamics present in the site.
Tesis

The thesis deals with the problems of education in ICT security experts at universities in order to design a strategy for the development of education in present degree courses that dealing with this issue. The theoretical part focuses on the definition of ICT security and to familiarize the reader with the basic concepts of information security management and management of cyber security and gives an overview of the overall development of ICT security and the current trends in this area. It also describes the current situation on the labor market in relation to ICT security and the education of professionals in this field and characterizes the existing recommendations for education in ICT security. Practical part focuses on analyzing the current education ic ICT security and on analyzing the knowledge and skills requirements of the labor market to professionals in this area. Defines the basic professional role and knowledge domains that should be covered by this role. In the analytical part they are evaluated current profiles of graduates Master's degree programs focused on this area in order to find gaps in the knowledge base of graduates based on the requirements of the labor market and the existing recommendations. The results of the analysis are input to define a strategy on education in ICT security, which gives basic recommendations on how to eliminate the shortcomings.

Dans le travail présenté ici, nous avons évalué l’intérêt une approche diagnostique multidisciplinaire pour l’investigation d’entités pathologiques mal caractérisées en utilisant l’Outarde Houbara comme espèce modèle. Cette espèce fait l’objet de plusieurs projets d’élevages conservatoires en Afrique du Nord, au Moyen Orient et en Asie centrale. Nous nous sommes intéressés à trois entités pathologiques ayant toutes le potentiel de mettre en péril les efforts de conservation : l’influenza aviaire hautement pathogène (IAHP), les infections génitales chez les oiseaux inséminés artificiellement et un syndrome respiratoire affectant les oiseaux élevés à l’extérieur et devant à terme renforcer les populations sauvages. Pour la première entité, nous avons validé l’utilisation de l’hybridation in situ par RNAscope pour détecter le gène de matrice des virus influenza aviaires dans des tissus fixés au formol et inclus en paraffine. Cela nous a permis de décrire de manière exhaustive et pour la première fois un épisode infectieux à virus IAHP H5N8 chez l’Outarde Houbara, qui s’est manifestée par des formes cliniques suraigues à aigues de la maladie, associées à un pantropisme tissulaire, avec endothéliotropisme et neurotropisme viral. Pour la seconde entité pathologique, nous avons caractérisé une série de cas de péritonite et salpingo-péritonie associés à des infections par Escherichia coli. La diversité des profils de virulence de la bactérie, identifiée par biologie moléculaire, suggère l’implication de nombreuses souches. Les formes chroniques étaient prédominantes et une infection ascendante a été suspectée. De plus, l’examen histologique a permis l’identification de modifications tissulaires compatibles avec une hyperplasie cystique endométriale, pouvant intervenir comme facteur de risque dans le développement des infections génitales chez l’Houbara. Enfin, pour la troisième entité pathologique, nous nous sommes concentrés sur un syndrome respiratoire multifactoriel d’évolution essentiellement chronique. Divers agents pathogènes ont été détectés chez les oiseaux affectés, y compris une espèce potentiellement nouvelle de Mycoplasme. Des facteurs environnementaux, comme le stress thermique et l’exposition à des tempêtes de sable sont considérés comme des facteurs contributifs importants. Nous avons montré dans ce travail que nous améliorions considérablement le diagnostic étiologique des affections émergentes et réémergentes chez l’Outarde Houbara par une approche multidisciplinaire. Cette approche devrait être encouragée pour étudier la santé d’autres espèces menacées, notamment lors d’une disponibilité limitée en échantillons
In the present work, we assessed the use of a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach to successfully investigate poorly characterized pathological entities using an endangered avian species as a model: the Houbara Bustard. This species is the object of several captive breeding operations located in North Africa, the United Arab Emirates and Central Asia. We focused our attention on three conditions that could potentially jeopardize conservation efforts: high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI), genital infections in artificially-inseminated breeders and a respiratory syndrome affecting outdoor birds destined to be released. For the first condition, we successfully validated an RNA scope in situ hybridization (ISH) assay for the detection of the avian influenza A virus matrix gene in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. We then provided the first comprehensive description of HPAI H5N8 natural infection in the Houbara, resulting in hyperacute and acute forms exhibiting marked tissue pantropism, endotheliotropism and neurotropism. For the second condition we characterized a series of cases of peritonitis and salpingo-peritonitis. Chronic forms predominated and an ascending infection was highly suspected. Most of the cases were associated with the isolation of Escherichia coli. The identification of a variety of virulence profiles by molecular analysis of selected bacterial isolates suggested the involvement of multiple strains. Furthermore, histopathology allowed the identification of changes consistent with cystic oviductal hyperplasia, expanding the list of potential risk factors involved in the development of genital infections in the Houbara Bustard.For the third condition, we were able to shed some light on a multifactorial respiratory syndrome, focusing on long-lasting, chronic forms. A variety of viral and bacterial pathogens were detected, including potentially a novel Mycoplasma species. Environmental conditions, such as heat stress and exposure to dust storms, were considered significant contributing factors. We showed that combining classical and novel diagnostic tools we were able to significantly improve the etiological diagnosis of emerging and re-merging conditions in the Houbara. This approach should be promoted to study sanitary issues in other endangered species, characterized by a limited availability of samples

La conception de lanceurs est un problème d'optimisation multidisciplinaire (MDO) complexe qui a la particularité d'intégrer une optimisation de trajectoire très contrainte, difficile à résoudre et fortement couplée à toutes les autres disciplines entrant en jeu dans le processus de conception (e.g. propulsion, aérodynamique, structure, etc.). Cette thèse s'intéresse aux méthodes permettant d'intégrer judicieusement l'optimisation de la trajectoire au sein du processus d'optimisation des variables de conception. Une nouvelle méthode, appelée "Stage-Wise decomposition for Optimal Rocket Design" (SWORD), a été proposée. Celle-ci décompose le processus de conception suivant les différentes phases de vol et transforme le problème d'optimisation de lanceur multiétage en un problème de coordination des optimisations de chacun des étages, plus facile à résoudre. La méthode SWORD a été comparée à la méthode MDO classique (Multi Discipline Feasible) dans le cas d'une optimisation globale d'un lanceur tri-étage. Les résultats montrent que la méthode SWORD permet d'améliorer l'efficacité du processus d'optimisation, tant au niveau de la vitesse de recherche de l'espace de solutions faisables que de la qualité de l'optimum trouvé en temps de calcul limité. Afin d'améliorer la vitesse de convergence de la méthode tout en ne requérant pas de connaissance a priori de l'utilisateur au niveau de l'initialisation et l'espace de recherche, une stratégie d'optimisation dédiée à la méthode SWORD a été développée.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Esta dissertação investiga o fenômeno lingüístico conhecido na literatura em línguas em contato como code-switching, que consiste no uso alternado de dois ou mais códigos por falantes bilíngües ou multilíngües em uma mesma interação conversacional. O estudo desta prática discursiva em diversas línguas tem obtido interesse crescente nas últimas três décadas. Duas abordagens principais prevalecem: sócio-pragmática e sintático-gramatical. Enquanto a primeira se volta aos aspectos sócio-pragmáticos de produção individual, através da categorização, quantificação e análise das funções pragmáticas e motivações sócio-psicológicas subjacentes ao code-switching, a segunda busca formular restrições formais e padrões de ocorrência universais para este comportamento lingüístico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma sistematização e avaliação bibliográfica da literatura internacional em code-switching através da apresentação e caracterização das principais linhas de pesquisa, ressaltando as obras de referência e os caminhos apontados por cada abordagem. A necessidade da apresentação estruturada dos diversos aspectos do code- switching encontradas na literatura sobre línguas em contato se deve ao fato de que a pesquisa sobre este fenômeno é incipiente no Brasil e o acesso ao material é ainda restrito. Esta pesquisa, portanto, busca preencher este espaço e tornar a literatura em code-switching acessível à academia brasileira.
This dissertation investigates the linguistic phenomenon referred to as codeswitching in languages in contact´s literature. Code-switching consists of the alternate use of two or more codes by bilinguals or multilinguals in the same verbal interaction. The study of this discursive practice in several languages has obtained increasing interest in the last three decades. Two main approaches prevail: socio-pragmatic and grammatical-syntactic. Whilst the first approach focuses on the socio-discursive aspects of individual production through the categorization, quantification and analysis of codeswitching pragmatic functions and socio-psychological motivations; the second one intends to formulate formal constraints and patterns of occurrence of this linguistic behavior. The present work aims at presenting a bibliographic systematization and evaluation of the international literature in code- switching through the presentation and characterization of its major research lines, emphasizing the reference works and the directions provided by each approach. The need for the structured presentation of the several aspects of code-switching found in the literature in languages in contact is due to the fact that research on this phenomenon is incipient in Brazil and the access to this material is still restricted. This research, therefore, seeks to fill this gap and make the literature in code-switching accessible to the Brazilian academy.

This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the concept of credibility and its areas of application relevant to information science and technology, encompassing several disciplinary approaches.

Dissertação de mestrado em Contabilidade e Finanças, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação de Ana Maria Rodrigues.
Esta dissertação explora a problemática das fusões de empresas como estratégia de crescimento empresarial. Partindo de uma vasta revisão da literatura e dos normativos sobre as diversas áreas que regulam estas operações, propomo-nos a apresentar uma análise global de todo o processo de concentração. Começamos por introduzir os principais tipos de fusão buscando expor as razões que fazem com que estas transações sejam amplamente utilizadas um pouco por todo o mundo. Avançamos para uma análise dos procedimentos a seguir, nomeadamente a nível societário, contabilístico e fiscal, onde dissertamos sobre alguns dos principais problemas que têm surgido ao longo dos últimos anos. Decorrente da necessidade de estabelecer uma relação de troca entre as empresas envolvidas na operação, integramos ainda na nossa análise alguns dos principais métodos de avaliação de empresas que permitem determinar a relação mais justa. Na procura de tornar a nossa investigação mais completa optamos pelo estudo de uma operação de fusão recente entre duas empresas do setor das telecomunicações português – a Zon e a Optimus – onde apresentamos alguns dos procedimentos seguidos pelas administrações das sociedades necessários à concretização da operação. Constatamos que a principal motivação apontada pelos órgãos de gestão para a realização da operação foi a complementaridade entre as operadoras dado que a Zon destaca-se no negócio da televisão por subscrição e na banda larga fixa enquanto que Optimus evidencia-se nas telecomunicações móveis. Esta complementaridade proporcionará a oferta de um pacote de serviços integrado capaz de competir com o principal concorrente, a Portugal Telecom. A operação concretizou-se mediante a incorporação da Optimus na Zon, pelo que tornou-se necessário estabelecer a correta relação de troca de forma a determinar o número de ações a emitir pela Zon e a atribuir aos sócios da Optimus. Através da aplicação do modelo dos fluxos de caixa descontados e diversos múltiplos de mercado ficou estabelecida uma relação cujo quociente entre o valor da Zon e o da Optimus foi calculado em 1,5. No que respeita ao processo jurídico seguiu todas as etapas estipuladas pelo Código das Sociedades Comerciais. Adicionalmente, decorrente da ultrapassagem de alguns dos limites estipulados pela Lei da Concorrência e pelo Código dos Valores Mobiliários, foi necessária a aprovação da Autoridade da Concorrência e da Comissão de Mercado de Valores Mobiliários, para que a operação se concretizasse. À data de conclusão da nossa investigação a operação não estava totalmente concluída, todavia conseguimos apurar que a nível contabilístico será aplicada a IFRS 3 – Business Combinations na contabilização da operação. Deste modo a operação será contabilizada pela aplicação do método da compra: a Zon reconhecerá os ativos, passivos e passivos contingentes identificáveis da Optimus ao justo valor. Posteriormente a diferença entre o custo da concentração e o justo valor do património v reconhecido será contabilizado como goodwill. As sociedades optaram pela aplicação do regime especial de neutralidade fiscal pelo que a concentração não terá qualquer impacto fiscal quer ao nível das sociedades quer ao nível dos sócios. Decorrente desta opção, para efeitos fiscais, a Zon terá de manter o património da Optimus ao valor histórico. Averiguamos também como será feita a integração pós-fusão entre as duas empresas, onde constatamos que a elevada complementaridade entre as entidades facilitará este processo. Finalizamos a nossa investigação com a analise dos impactos da fusão para a sociedade, onde concluímos que a operação aumentará a concorrência no setor das telecomunicações proporcionando uma oferta de produtos mais inovadores e a preço mais baixo, representando um grande benefício para o consumidor final.

The “stock” concept is fundamental to fisheries management. To manage a fishery responsibly it is important to understand its stock structure and how fishing effort and mortality are distributed (Begg e Waldman, 1999). The failure to comply the true stock structure and the ineffective fisheries management of an exploited species can lead to overfishing and depletion of the stock (Begg et al., 1999a). In the last years, scientific community has pointed out that the most successful way to address stock identification studies is the application of a holistic approach, thus involving a broad selection of complementary techniques (Begg et al., 1999a; Abaunza, 2008a; Cadrin et al., 2013). The European hake (Merluccius merluccius, Linnaeus 1758) represents a basic component of the demersal communities and one of the target species in the Mediterranean Sea (Lo Brutto et al., 2004; Ligas et al., 2011). For this reason it has been extensively studied. Furthermore, hake stocks are generally considered over-exploited both in the Atlantic Ocean (ICES, 2011; 2012) and in the Mediterranean Sea (STECF, 2013; GFCM, 2014). At present, European hake populations in the Mediterranean Sea are managed considering several relatively small geographical sub-areas (GSAs), which are identified mainly on the basis of political considerations (Ragonese et al., 2012; Vittori et al., 2013). In this partition, Sardinian seas are represented by GSAs 11.1 and 11.2 and are split between two FAO Statistical Divisions (Balearic Islands and Sardinia). It is known that the complexity of many marine species stocks is often underestimated in modern stock management processes (Begg et al., 1999a). As regards the Mediterranean sea, various studies suggested a geographical distribution of the stocks that appears considerably different from the current management units partition (Abaunza et al., 2000; Abaunza et al., 2008c; Murta et al., 2008), and this fact have been observed also for the European hake (Castillo et al., 2004; Mattiucci et al., 2004; Tanner et al., 2012; Fiorentino et al., 2014). The need of the achievement of a comprehensive knowledge about the stock structure of a commercially important species like M. merluccius, has led to the development of this study, which aims, through the employment of a multidisciplinary approach, at a better geographical definition of this species stock in the waters around Sardinia. A first insight into the complexity of the European hake population in the area has been supplied by the analysis and comparison of its length structure in the western and eastern coasts of Sardinia, showing a degree of differentiation that has been subsequently deepened through the application of various techniques. The analysis of the variability in the growth of the species hasn’t indicated a meaningful differentiation of the populations in the two sides of the island, but has suggested that the presence of many spawning areas in the western coast could be the cause of the difference in the 0 age-class mean length obtained, as well as in the length structure above-mentioned. On the contrary, the implementation of a geometric morphometric technique to study the shape of individuals has led to the discovery of a significant, even though of moderate extent, differentiation between the two coasts. However, as remarked by Tudela (1999) and Levi et al. (2004) in other case-studies, these differences were believed to be linked only to environmental influences, without a connection to those biological parameters that are fundamental in the definition of a stock. This hypothesis has been made also considering that the observed difference in shape didn’t seem to affect individuals’ growth. Lastly, the parasitological exam of specimens collected in the whole area of Sardinian seas, has supported the hypothesis of homogeneity of the populations in the area. Indeed, no significant differences have been found in the relative abundance and prevalence of the various parasite taxa examined. Comparing these results with those obtained in a similar study carried out in the Mediterranean Sea (Mattiucci et al., 2004) it has been possible to highlight a considerable similarity of our study area with the central area of Mediterranean sea, and, conversely, a clear differentiation between Sardinian seas and the eastern part of Mediterranean basin. Similar considerations has been made in the context of StockMed project (Fiorentino et al., 2014). This study has therefore provided a solid evidence of the homogeneity of the European hake stock in the waters around Sardinia, leading to the conclusion that this population should be managed jointly. Moreover, it has supported the recently expressed opinion that its stock (as well as those of other important species) could be wider than expected, underlining the need of improving current management units boundaries.

Toute action naturelle crée de l'énergie perdue qui pourrait être exploitée pour alimenter nos appareils électriques et mobiles. Nos environnements physiques disposent d'un nombre élevé de micro-sources d'énergies ; certes chacune est de faible puissance, mais leur multiplicité pourrait s'avérer significative, notamment dans le cadre du fonctionnement de microsystèmes. C'est le principe précédent qui a conduit nos travaux sur la problématique de la conception de microsystèmes autonomes. Ainsi, pour être innovante, l'ingénierie de microsystèmes doit à la fois s'appuyer sur la culture de l'électronique, de la mécanique mais aussi de l'énergétique. Le processus de conception est fortement pluridisciplinaire et son efficacité réside dans la capacité à mettre en oeuvre des méthodologies et des outils : - de conception collaborative, - de capitalisation des connaissances techniques, - d'ingénierie multi-physique, - d'ingénierie intégrée. Sur le base de ces fondamentaux, nous avons développé un outil d'aide à la conception. La méthodologie sous-jacente permet : 1- l'analyse et la structuration d'un problème de conception d'un microsystème autonome : cette phase conduit l'identification, la description fonctionnelle et environnementale du système et de son environnement. 2- la modélisation des connaissances : une analyse architecturale conduit à la description des composants et des interactions liées au microsystème (directement ou indirectement) puis à la modélisation des comportements, 3- la qualification énergétique et le couplage physique : la réutilisation structurée des modèles de connaissances est pilotée pour coupler les modèles physiques et décrire les sources, les puits et les mécanismes énergétiques des environnements, 4- la conduite de la recherche de concepts innovants : la base de connaissances, les critères de qualification et la description fonctionnelle préalablement construits sont agencés dans une seule méthode de conception virtuelle pour rechercher des concepts de solutions innovants, 5- le pré-dimensionnement : tout en assurant l'intégration des outils spécialisés de simulation (méthode des éléments finis et simulation fonctionnelle), le prédimensionnement de microsystèmes autonomes est supportée selon un schéma synthétique, assurant un raisonnement abductif (ou bottom-up). La conjonction des raisonnements physiques, l'intégration des méthodes et des cultures métiers, l'exploration virtuelle des espaces de solutions et la modélisation constituent les bases d'un nouveau moyen d'aide à la conception de microsystèmes autonomes. Cette approche a été déployée pour la conception d'un capteur piézoélectrique autonome.

Im Rahmen der Internationalen Open Access Week 2016 fand am 26.10.2016 die Veranstaltung "Open in Action at TU Chemnitz" statt. Der Vortrag des MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - berichtet über die Aktivitäten des Open-Access-Verlages und die Vorteile für Autoren. Die Präsentation zeigt das Leistungsspektrum und gibt Auskunft über den Peer Review-Prozess. Seit 2015 hat die Universitätsbibliothek eine Institutionelle Vereinbarung mit dem MDPI geschlossen. Der Publikationsworkflow ist für Wissenschaffende einfach und transparent
In the context of the International Open Access Week 2016, the event "Open in Action at TU Chemnitz" was held on 26 October 2016. The lecture of the MDPI – the Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute – presents the past and current activities of the open access publisher and the author benefits. The presentation shows the procedures and the range of inhouse services in the editorial and the peer review process. The University Library of the Technische Universität Chemnitz has held an institutional membership with the MDPI AG since 2015. Thus, the publication and invoicing workflow is made simple and transparent for academics

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gislaine Gil.pdf: 5134717 bytes, checksum: 63859239988b9f387b27e313edf64467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-24
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In the current demographic context, aging and neurodegenerative diseases are topics discussed in the media as important to society affairs. Aging is usually related to functional changes, but adults and seniors wishing to remain cognitively healthy, looking in preventing the most promising way to achieve the goal. This study analyzed the effect of a multidisciplinary intergenerational program of cognitive stimulation on performance in attention, memory, mood and metamemory people over thirty years, with high school, a hospital tall in the city of São Paulo. Through documentary analysis / retrospective of people who spontaneously sought the stimulation program, due to subjective memory complaints assessed before and after five months (ninety minutes of stimulation per week) with the completion of the program of tests: attention, memory, ecological scales of anxiety, mood and intensity of subjective memory complaint. The results show an improvement in the performance of psychometric tests that suggested improvement in the functioning of attention and memory, beyond the reduction of depressive and anxiety symptoms. There was no statistically significant change in this study on metamemory
No atual contexto demográfico, o envelhecimento e as doenças neurodegenerativas são temas discutidos nos meios de comunicação como assuntos importantes para a sociedade. O envelhecimento é geralmente relacionado a modificações funcionais, mas adultos e idosos, desejando se manter cognitivamente saudáveis, procuram na prevenção o caminho mais promissor para atingir o objetivo. Este trabalho analisou o efeito de um programa intergeracional multidisciplinar de estimulação cognitiva no desempenho da atenção, memória, humor e metamemória de pessoas acima de trinta anos, com alta escolaridade, num hospital de porte alto, na cidade de São Paulo. Por meio da análise documental/retrospectiva, de pessoas que procuraram espontaneamente o programa de estimulação, em decorrência de queixas subjetivas de memória avaliadas antes e após cinco meses (noventa minutos de estimulação por semana) da finalização do programa com testes de: atenção, memória, ecológicos, escalas de ansiedade, humor e intensidade de queixa de memória subjetiva. Os resultados demonstraram que houve melhora no desempenho dos testes psicométricos que sugerem a melhora no funcionamento da atenção e da memória, além da diminuição de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. Não houve neste estudo modificação estatisticamente significativa na metamemória

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This research project is aimed at delivering the outcomes of a study on the presence of contemporary works of art in multidisciplinary art exhibition spaces, and the dimensions assumed by them there. These places are unrelated to the neutrality of the white cube a term used to name spaces which are specifically set to host art exhibitions. In order to attain this goal, the development of this research paper is supported by the procedures and initiatives taken to make art exhibitions possible in the spaces previously mentioned, attempting to clarify the relational aspects that have grounded the curatorial actions as well as the artistic poetics which turned out to be part of the institutional collection. In this sense, the function that an institution can fulfill as a mediator space for art is investigated, and the circumstances where the curatorial critical position and bias adopted to select the works of art are made relevant, permeating the instances which articulate the art system: production, communication, reception. The research project is presented as a reflection on the curatorial activity that has involved artistic poetics entirely formulated in relation to multidisciplinary spaces belonging to three SESC s branches in São Paulo city, which started operating between 2010 and 2011 and have been inserting Brazilian contemporary works of art in several places which house its social cultural actions. Its purpose is to assess the art object as a factor of interaction and knowledge, as well as the institution s role in educating the audience on contemporary art.
Esta pesquisa destina-se a apresentar um estudo relativo à presença de obras de arte contemporânea e as dimensões que estas assumem em espaços expositivos de característica multidisciplinar, espaços portanto desvinculados da neutralidade do cubo branco termo que denomina o espaço específico para exposições de arte. Para tanto, a pesquisa tem como subsídio de seu desenvolvimento, os procedimentos e iniciativas realizados para exposição de obras em tais espaços, procurando esclarecer os aspectos relacionais que fundamentaram a ação curatorial bem como as poéticas artísticas que passaram a integrar um acervo institucional.Neste sentido, é investigada a função que uma instituição pode exercer como espaço mediador da arte bem como as circunstâncias que relevam o posicionamento e o viés curatorial e crítico na seleção de obras, permeando as instâncias que articulam o sistema de arte: produção/comunicação/recepção. Apresenta-se como reflexão da atividade em curadoria que envolveu poéticas artísticas formuladas com relação imediata aos espaços multidisciplinares de três unidades operacionais do SESC na capital de São Paulo, as quais iniciaram suas atividades entre 2010 e 2011, inserindo obras de arte brasileira nos múltiplos ambientes que abrigam suas ações socioculturais. Tem como proposição acentuar o objeto artístico como fator de interação, de conhecimento e o papel institucional na formação de público para a arte contemporânea.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work aimed to identify what 5th grade teachers from private and public schools of João Pessoa, PB, knew about dyslexia, besides the pedagogic practices developed with the teachers to help dyslexics and the interaction between schools staff and the professionals specialized in treating this learning disorder. We focused the 5th grade teachers because it is supposed that students have already got over the expected difficulties of reading and writing acquisition at this time. Dyslexia is a social serious and numerous problem, according to Brazilian Dyslexia Association (ABD), but has not received a proper attention from health and education public offices and has even been excluded from the assistance program ruled by the Secretaria de Educação Especial of Brazilian Ministério de Educação e Cultura. The research was based on Vygotsky s social-interactive theory and on some other researchers of equal importance and scientific orientation, such as Kleiman (2007), Perrenoud (2001), Ong (1998) and Marcuschi (2004). The data were collected from bibliographic sources, interviews and questionnaires applied to twenty 5th grade teachers, ten public and private school technicians and eight professionals of the multidisciplinary team of dyslexia diagnosis and treatment. Surveys about the importance of teachers help to dyslexics hardly exists, in spite of the emphasis and information coming from cognition studies that point to the relevance of teacher s mediation to students get over reading and writing difficulties. This research pointed to little knowledge about this learning disorder among teachers, due mostly to inadequate academic and continuous formation course curriculum. It also showed that there is intense communication between health professionals and private schools what does not happen between them and public schools.
Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar o nível de conhecimento entre profissionais docentes do 5º ano, de Escolas Privadas e Públicas Municipais, de João Pessoa, PB, acerca da Dislexia, como também trabalho realizado pela escola com professores para o atendimento de alunos disléxicos e a relação mantida entre a escola e os profissionais de saúde que tratam desse distúrbio. Detivemo-nos aos professores de 5° ano, quando já se supõe a criança ter superado as dificuldades iniciais, próprias do processo de aquisição da lectoescrita. A dislexia é um problema social grave, de alta incidência, segundo a Associação Brasileira de Dislexia, mas não tem recebido a merecida atenção da escola e órgãos públicos de saúde e educação, chegando a ser excluída do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), definido pela Secretaria de Educação Especial, do Ministério da Educação e Cultura. Teoricamente a pesquisa teve como fundamentação a teoria sóciointeracionista de Vygostky e pesquisadores de mesmo posicionamento e relevância, como Kleiman (2007), Perrenoud (2001), Ong (1998) e Marcuschi (2004). Como dados, foram utilizados fontes bibliográficas e entrevistas realizadas entre três grupos de participantes, sendo o Grupo I composto por vinte professoras de 5º do Ensino Fundamental I, de escolas públicas e privadas; o Grupo II, por dez técnicos de escolas públicas e privadas, e o Grupo III, formado pelos membros da equipe multidisciplinar de tratamento da dislexia. Pesquisas sobre a importância da atuação do professor no acompanhamento de disléxicos são praticamente inexistentes, apesar de toda a ênfase e informação advindas de estudos sobre cognição apontarem para a importância da mediação docente na superação de problemas no processo de aquisição da lectoescrita. A pesquisa apontou para um nível de conhecimento deficitário sobre este distúrbio entre esse segmento docente, motivado, principalmente, por inadequação curricular nos cursos de formação acadêmica e continuada; para uma relação estreita entre profissionais de saúde e a escola privada e sua ausência entre aqueles e a escola pública.

When designing a complex industrial product, the designer often has to optimise simultaneously multiple conflicting criteria. Such a problem does not usually have a unique solution, but a set of non-dominated solutions known as Pareto solutions. In this context, the progress made in the development of more powerful but more computationally demanding numerical methods has led to the emergence of multi-disciplinary optimisation (MDO). However, running computationally expensive multi-objective optimisation procedures to obtain a comprehensive description of the set of Pareto solutions might not always be possible. The aim of this research is to develop a methodology to assist the designer in the multi-objective optimisation process. As a result, an approach to enhance the understanding of the optimisation problem and to gain some insight into the set of Pareto solutions is proposed. This approach includes two main components. First, global sensitivity analysis is used prior to the optimisation procedure to identify non- significant inputs, aiming to reduce the dimensionality of the problem. Second, once a candidate Pareto solution is obtained, the local sensitivity is computed to understand the trade-offs between objectives. Exact linear and quadratic approximations of the Pareto surface have been derived in the general case and are shown to be more accurate than the ones found in literature. In addition, sufficient conditions to identify non-differentiable Pareto points have been proposed. Ultimately, this approach enables the designer to gain more knowledge about the multi-objective optimisation problem with the main concern of minimising the computational cost. A number of test cases have been considered to evaluate the approach. These include algebraic examples, for direct analytical validation, and more representative test cases to evaluate its usefulness. In particular, an airfoil design problem has been developed and implemented to assess the approach on a typical engineering problem. The results demonstrate the potential of the methodology to achieve a reduction of computational time by concentrating the optimisation effort on the most significant variables. The results also show that the Pareto approximations provide the designer with essential information about trade-offs at reduced computational cost.

Open rotors are known to have significant advantages in terms of propulsive efficiency. These advantages translate directly in reduced fuel burn so that they nowadays benefit from a surge of interest. At the same time, recent advances in numerical simulations make the application of multidisciplinary optimization for the demanding design of transonic propeller blades, an affordable option. Therefore, an optimization method in which the performance objectives of aerodynamics, aeroacoustics and aeroelasticity compete against each other, is developed and applied for the design of high-speed single-rotation propellers. The optimization is based on Multi-Objective Differential Evolution (MODE).This technique is a particular kind of evolutionary algorithm that mimics the natural evolution of populations by relying on the selection, recombination and eventually mutation of blade designs, each of them being represented by a vector of design variables (e.g. chord width, tip sweep, etc). MODE has the advantage of dealing concurrently with all the objectives in the selection of potentially promising designs among a population. In order to keep the computational cost within reasonable margins, the assessment of the performance of proposed designs is done in a two-level approach. A metamodel provides performance estimates for each proposed design at extremely low computational effort while high-fidelity analysis codes provide accurate performance values on some promising designs at much higher cost. To safeguard the accuracy of the estimates, the metamodel is initially trained on a population that is specifically assembled for that purpose. The training is repeated from time to time with the high-fidelity performance values of promising designs. Different high-fidelity tools have been developed and used for the assessment of performance.The CFD-tool performs steady RANS simulations of a single blade passage of the isolated propeller in free air under zero angle of attack. These simulations provide the aerodynamic performance values. The full propeller is modelled thanks to cyclic boundary conditions. The k - ε turbulence model is used in combination with wall treatment. Adiabatic no-slip wall conditions are imposed on the spinner and blade surfaces whereas the test-section radial boundary is reproducing the effects of a pressure far-field. This approach has proven its robustness and, above all, its accuracy as satisfactory agreement with experimental results has been found for different operating conditions over a wide range of blade shapes, as well as sufficient grid independency. In the post-processing of the aerodynamic results, the Sound Pressure Level (SPL)is computed for tonal noise at various observer locations by the aeroacoustic solver(CHA). Formulation 1A from Farassat is used for this purpose. This formulation is related to the inhomogeneous wave equation derived from Lighthill's acoustic analogy by Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H). It benefits from the partial decoupling of the acoustic and aerodynamic aspects and is particularly suited to compute the noise from propellers. The thickness noise and loading noise are expressed by separate equations in the time-domain whereas the quadrupole source term is dropped from the original FW-H equation. The blade surface is chosen as integration surface and a newly developed truncation technique is applied to circumvent the mathematical singularity arising when parts of the blade reach sonic conditions in terms of kinematics with respect to the observer. This approach delivers accurate values at acceptable computational cost. Besides, CSM-computations make use of a finite elements solver to compute the total mass of the blade as well as the stresses resulting from the centrifugal and aerodynamic forces. Considering the numerous possibilities to tailor the blade structure so that it properly takes on the stresses, only a simplified blade model is implemented. [...]

To date research exploring the nature of ethical deliberations and decision making by healthcare teams has been largely ignored. However studying inter-professional approaches to ethical dilemmas may be valuable in offering insights into the processes of shared decision making and how such problems are addressed. Aim To investigate whether healthcare professionals working in teams embrace ethical and philosophical principles in their decisions. A secondary aim was to construct a model for ethical education informed by study data. Design A multi-methods approach comprising of a comprehensive review of the literature focus group interviews and a survey. Sample/participants A total of 112 healthcare personnel representing 15 disciplines were recruited from four large teaching hospitals within the Southwest region. Recruitment was through a lead consultant in each team who distributed invitations, participant information sheets (that outlined the study) and consent forms. Data collection Following ethical approval, 14 clinical teams were presented with profession specific vignettes and invited to engage in a facilitated discussion. Each team's interactions and decisions were tape recorded. Individuals also completed a modified version of the Decisional Conflict Scale (O'Connor 1995) to elicit their degree of comfort with decision making processes. Data analysis The transcripts from the 14 focus groups interactions were thematically analysed by employing Boyatzis (1998) model. Numerical data from the Decision Conflict questionnaire (DCQ) were entered into SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis. Results The survey and the focus group data indicated that practitioners experienced varying degrees of conflict with the decision making process and displayed limited articulation and evidence of ethical principles that could be mapped to existing theories or methods. Participants did however employ strategies and shared expertise to overcome imposed restrictions through compromised solutions. The research identified eight key areas for consideration in the decision making process and these areas were developed to create a model for future ethics education and framing of ethical debate. The concept of restricted beneficence was also identified as being an over arching consideration in this area. The DCQ also highlighted that particular elements of the decision making process caused more concern but it highlighted that the team members opinions were valued and this supported the qualitative findings which identified evidence of a team ethos and value system. Conclusion The teams employed a very pragmatic approach to decision making within an environment that reflected the notion of restricted beneficence. It is suggested that the integration of such strategies ethical education this may result in a more practically relevant approach and enrich the quality of reflective debate in this area.

When designing a complex industrial product, the designer often has to optimise simultaneously multiple conflicting criteria. Such a problem does not usually have a unique solution, but a set of non-dominated solutions known as Pareto solutions. In this context, the progress made in the development of more powerful but more computationally demanding numerical methods has led to the emergence of multi-disciplinary optimisation (MDO). However, running computationally expensive multi-objective optimisation procedures to obtain a comprehensive description of the set of Pareto solutions might not always be possible. The aim of this research is to develop a methodology to assist the designer in the multi-objective optimisation process. As a result, an approach to enhance the understanding of the optimisation problem and to gain some insight into the set of Pareto solutions is proposed. This approach includes two main components. First, global sensitivity analysis is used prior to the optimisation procedure to identify non- significant inputs, aiming to reduce the dimensionality of the problem. Second, once a candidate Pareto solution is obtained, the local sensitivity is computed to understand the trade-offs between objectives. Exact linear and quadratic approximations of the Pareto surface have been derived in the general case and are shown to be more accurate than the ones found in literature. In addition, sufficient conditions to identify non-differentiable Pareto points have been proposed. Ultimately, this approach enables the designer to gain more knowledge about the multi-objective optimisation problem with the main concern of minimising the computational cost. A number of test cases have been considered to evaluate the approach. These include algebraic examples, for direct analytical validation, and more representative test cases to evaluate its usefulness. In particular, an airfoil design problem has been developed and implemented to assess the approach on a typical engineering problem. The results demonstrate the potential of the methodology to achieve a reduction of computational time by concentrating the optimisation effort on the most significant variables. The results also show that the Pareto approximations provide the designer with essential information about trade-offs at reduced computational cost.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-220).
Optimization of multidisciplinary systems is critical as slight performance improvements can provide significant benefits over the system's life. However, optimization of multidisciplinary systems is often plagued by computationally expensive simulations and the need to iteratively solve a complex coupling-relationship between subsystems. These challenges are typically severe enough as to prohibit formal system optimization. A solution is to use multi- fidelity optimization, where other lower-fidelity simulations may be used to approximate the behavior of the higher-fidelity simulation. Low-fidelity simulations are common in practice, for instance, simplifying the numerical simulations with additional physical assumptions or coarser discretizations, or creating direct metamodels such as response surfaces or reduced order models. This thesis offers solutions to two challenges in multidisciplinary system design optimization: developing optimization methods that use the high-fidelity analysis as little as possible but ensure convergence to a high-fidelity optimal design, and developing methods that exploit multifidelity information in order to parallelize the optimization of the system and reduce the time needed to find an optimal design. To find high-fidelity optimal designs, Bayesian model calibration is used to improve low- fidelity models and systematically reduce the use of high-fidelity simulation. The calibrated low-fidelity models are optimized and using appropriate calibration schemes convergence to a high-fidelity optimal design is established. These calibration schemes can exploit high- fidelity gradient information if available, but when not, convergence is still demonstrated for a gradient-free calibration scheme. The gradient-free calibration is novel in that it enables rigorous optimization of high-fidelity simulations that are black-boxes, may fail to provide a solution, contain some noise in the output, or are experimental. In addition, the Bayesian approach enables us to combine multiple low-fidelity simulations to best estimate the high- fidelity function without nesting. Example results show that for both aerodynamic and structural design problems this approach leads to about an 80% reduction in the number of high-fidelity evaluations compared with single-fidelity optimization methods. To enable parallelized multidisciplinary system optimization, two approaches are developed. The first approach treats the system design problem as a bilevel programming problem and enables each subsystem to be designed concurrently. The second approach optimizes surrogate models of each discipline that are all constructed in parallel. Both multidisciplinary approaches use multifidelity optimization and the gradient-free Bayesian model calibration technique, but will exploit gradients when they are available. The approaches are demonstrated on an aircraft wing design problem, and enable optimization of the system in reasonable time despite lack of sensitivity information and 19% of evaluations failing. For cases when comparable algorithms are available, these approaches reduce the time needed to find an optimal design by approximately 50%.
by Andrew I. March.
Ph.D.

This work was concerned with the methodological approach in the compositional and statistical analysis of coarse pottery. Two archaeological projects were undertaken, one in which the temper was chemically measurable (shell temper) and one in which the temper was petrographically quantifiable (sand temper). The first project involved the analysis of shell-tempered pottery from two sites in Lincolnshire (Ancaster and Dragonby), which were typologically distinct and fully expected to be compositionally distinct. Due to the archaeological simplicity, this project was treated as a "test case" for statistical procedures. The analytical data were treated in a number of different ways: aluminium- and scandium-normalisation, calcium carbonate corrections and correlation corrections (modified CLUSTER analysis). The results of the multivariate statistical analysis on the respective data sets were compared and the success of the various temper-correction methods evaluated on the basis of how well the two sites were separated. The modified CLUSTER analysis was found to give the most successful site separation. The second project involved the analysis of sand-tempered Durotrigian pottery from Maiden Castle, Dorset, and incorporated both petrographic and chemical analyses. The sand temper was quantified by point counting, and the analytical data subsequently corrected for the amount of added sand. It was found that the majority of the Durotrigian pottery was made from the same clay source. Fired clays from the Poole Harbour region were compared with the pottery samples. Three of the clays were found to be compositionally similar. Samples of PreDurotrigian pottery were compared with the Durotrigian pottery and were also compared to samples of fired clay from the vicinity of Maiden Castle. The Pre-Durotrigian samples were found to be fairly similar to the local clay. Some of the Durotrigian samples were shown to be similar to the PreDurotrigian pottery, suggesting that some of the pottery was manufactured closer to Maiden Castle than previously expected.

Degeneration of articular cartilage and associated osteoarthritic changes are the leading cause of compromised joint articulation worldwide. Early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) are characterised by partial thickness chondral defects that fail to heal spontaneously. It is crucial to repair these defects during the early stages of cartilage degeneration to prevent the progression of OA. Currently used clinical interventions however have been unable to completely restore/regenerate damaged articular cartilage to its native state. This has led to considerable interest in the development of effective cartilage tissue engineering strategies for the treatment of chondral defects in an increasing ageing population. The present study aims to address some of the hurdles in cartilage regeneration, in particular, (i) identification of an appropriate cell source, (ii) an understanding the effect of oxygen on cartilaginous matrix formation, and (iii) the application of a novel bioreactor design for the generation of neocartilage grafts. Human articular chondrocytes (HACs) demonstrated excellent cartilage formation in both scaffold-free pellet culture and culture using three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds. Chondrogenic differentiation of STRO-1-immunoselected skeletal stem cells (STRO-1+ SSCs) was significantly improved by the utilisation of scaffolds with a highly interconnected porous architecture in comparison to scaffold-free pellet culture. The predeposition of SSCs for hypertrophic differentiation however indicated a need for further development of cell culture protocols that may otherwise limit their application in cartilage bioengineering strategies. A combined experimental-computational approach was utilised to infer the likely effects of oxygen tension on cartilaginous matrix synthesis by HACs in the 3-D pellet culture model, from which a threshold oxygen tension (pO2 ≈ 8% atmospheric pressure) that separated collagenous matrix formation from PG deposition was determined. This study has also demonstrated the first successful application of perfusion bioreactor technology in combination with ultrasound cell trapping for the generation of “scaffold-free” neocartilage grafts of HACs that were analogous to native hyaline cartilage. Furthermore, the neocartilage grafts were able to adhere to host articular cartilage and mediate repair of partial thickness chondral defects. The work presented in this thesis has demonstrated the successful application of a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing skeletal cell biology, bioengineering, mathematical modelling and acoustofluidics, for the generation of neocartilage grafts ex vivo that could be ultimately scaled-up and subsequently used in the clinic for resurfacingarticular cartilage defects.

Excerpt: A study by Tromp et al1 concluded that “Our multifaceted hand hygiene improvement program resulted in a sustained improvement of hand hygiene knowledge and compliance in nurses as well as physicians.” However, the support for the conclusions is weak because of a number of drawbacks. These drawbacks would inhibit the application of those conclusions in health care. The first drawback is the absence of a control group and, secondly, the contradictions in the data, as explained below.

Thesis: M. Eng. in Advanced Manufacturing and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, February, 2021
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. "February 2021."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).
MDO is moving beyond the small group of NASA and Aerospace companies and is increasingly being adopted by organizations around the world. With MDO, we can optimize across multiple disciplines and find the ideal design which maximizes benefit to the company and society. Given the complexity of working with multiple disciplines and stakeholders, it is important to have a single metric which teams and organizations can use to choose the best design. Since financial metrics play a dominant role in the decision-making process, we can use them to choose the best design for the company. In the thesis, we created a framework for doing financial analysis in MDO. We applied the framework to the baseplate, a component used within the excavator pump, and optimized across three different disciplines of cost, natural frequency and temperature to find the baseplate design with the highest sales potential.
We focused on sales as it is the most important financial metric for the product, but a similar framework can be used for maximizing profit, NPV, IRR or any other financial metric. We used two approaches for finding the best design for the company. In the first approach, we found designs which minimized cost and temperature, while increasing the natural frequency. We then converted the cost and temperature data into sales and chose the design with most sales. In the second approach, we only set one objective of maximizing sales and chose the design with the highest sales. In both the approaches we were able to significantly increase sales. We would recommend approach 1 as we get higher sales with the method, and because of limitations within the optimization software OptiSLang in regards to implementing approach 2. Approach 2 might become the better option in the coming years as MDO software, including OptiSLang, is in the early stage and might significantly improve.
Approach 2 also has the advantage of MDO teams only setting one objective, helping establish consistency and uniformity in MDO implementation. We believe MDO has a lot of potential. Similar to CAD, it is an extremely powerful tool. Some of the challenges to successful implementation were: computational resources, high quality and reliable financial data and early stage MDO software. Organizations which implement MDO will create better products which maximize savings and financial benefit.
by Rishab Mardia.
M. Eng. in Advanced Manufacturing and Design
M.Eng.inAdvancedManufacturingandDesign Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering

Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) can be used as an effective tool to improve the design of automotive structures. Large-scale MDO problems typically involve several groups who must work concurrently and autonomously for reasons of efficiency. When performing MDO, a large number of designs need to be rated. Detailed simulation models used to assess automotive design proposals are often computationally expensive to evaluate. A useful MDO process must distribute work to the groups involved and be computationally efficient. In this thesis, MDO methods are assessed in relation to the characteristics of automotive structural applications. Single-level optimization methods have a single optimizer, while multi-level optimization methods have a distributed optimization process. Collaborative optimization and analytical target cascading are possible choices of multi-level optimization methods for automotive structures. They distribute the design process, but are complex. One approach to handle the computationally demanding simulation models involves metamodel-based design optimization (MBDO), where metamodels are used as approximations of the detailed models during optimization studies. Metamodels can be created by individual groups prior to the optimization process, and therefore also offer a way of distributing work. A single-level optimization method in combination with metamodels is concluded to be the most straightforward way of implementing MDO into the development of automotive structures.

The Tourism Destination Management field addressed tourism sector mainly from economic, environmental and political point of view but, an important 'change of regime' is taking place. Recently, we assist to a growing interest in so-called "hopeful tourism", an emerging, value-based paradigm, an innovative perspective, which uses new approaches to tourism discipline. An increasing number of "responsible tourism” researchers are now interested in making tourism knowledge geared towards ethical and global objectives, interpreting tourism as a catalyst capable of playing a central role in creating more sustainable world challenge and in promoting human dignity, rights and social justice.Tourist destination is seen as the unit of analysis suitable for this purpose. The themes developed emphasize important ethical, social and cultural aspects related to destinations. Given the multidisciplinary characteristic of tourism discipline, we adopts a holistic and socio-cultural approach by developing arguments through different perspectives combining humanistic values and scientific methods. This study is composed by three papers whose titles are: 1) Value co-creation and territory. The Monumenti Aperti case study; 2) Managing destination accessibility using information technologies tools; 3) Branding tourism destination and cultural myths. The first article aims to explore the issue of value co-creation, normally applied in enterprise sector, in the management of cultural attractions in a specific territory/destination. Using a case study, Monumenti Aperti event, we evaluate key aspects and emergent issue and factors that may foster local players to embrace the logic of value co-creation in destination management and development. It proposes and tests a first model able to describe the complexity of territorial value co-creation and to underline the relationships between identity, commitment, and value co-creation dimensions. The second study point out as the acceptance of diversity and the pursuit of equity and inclusiveness are important parameters in evaluating good and sustainable local tourism governance. The goal is to provide a framework able to analyse the relations between sustainable tourism development, tourism accessibility for People with Disability (PwD) and Information Technology (IT), focusing on the role of I.T. to overcome accessibility issues. A combined methods was adopted (Authomatic method and User judgement) involving PwD in evaluating website accessibility. A sample based on tourism destinations websites who won Sustainable and Accessible European Awards, has been used. The criteria and tools are taken from the UNWTO recommendations and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 to evaluate perception, discoverability, understanding and use capabilities dimensions. Results allow to better understand the way in which sustainable destinations deal with the issue of accessibility and to realize what prior fields and web tools destinations should implement to achieve global accessibility. The third article extend the research on destination branding processes and the influential role of residents on building brand destination identity and personality. The study aims to explore the role of residents in the construction of destination identity. We use the Sardinian myth of Janas, promoted through a movie. Applying qualitative methods, using in-depth interviews with the producers of the movie, we identified attributes and dimensions used in the second part of the study, which consists in employing projective techniques (word association, sentences completion and personalisation) with residents who saw the movie. Results allowed to deeply understand the link between brand identity, personality and community identity in the branding process and the effectiveness of the strategy used.

La obesidad es una enfermedad metabólica crónica de origen multifactorial, que puede causar tanto una afectación física y psíquica de la persona, como inducir otras patologías que limitan la esperanza de vida y deterioran la calidad de la misma, pudiendo limitar la proyección vital, social y laboral del individuo. En los países desarrollados está adquiriendo proporciones epidémicas y ocasiona un gran coste económico a todos los sistemas sanitarios (SEEDO-2012). La obesidad mórbida es el estadío más grave de la enfermedad (Índice de Masa Corporal –IMC- >40 Kg/m2) y en España su prevalencia es del 1-2% (5), lo que implica que en torno a 500.000 personas están viviendo con un mayor riesgo de fallecer por complicaciones relacionadas con su estado obeso, o bien viviendo una realidad en el que la discapacidad (6, 7) y el estigma psicosocial (8, 9) les impide disfrutar de una vida satisfactoria. Paneles de expertos (10, 11) han recomendado, incluso a pacientes obesos (IMC 30-39,9 Kg/m2) y a aquellos con sobrepeso (IMC 25-29,9 Kg/m2) y que padecen comorbilidades, perder un 10% de su peso inicial. Numerosos estudios han demostrado la importancia de los cambios en el estilo de vida para el tratamiento de la obesidad (12). Programas como el Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (13) y el Ensayo Clínico Action for Health in Diabetes (LOOK AHEAD) (14) han generado una fuerte evidencia acerca de los resultados a largo plazo de intervenciones multidisciplinares intensivas sobre los estilos de vida. La modificación del estilo de vida, incluye tres componentes clásicos (15): actividad física, aspectos nutricionales y terapia de comportamiento, pero el éxito de las terapias de pérdida de peso depende de la estructura, marco teórico y técnicas aplicadas en y por los pacientes. Las personas con obesidad mórbida tienen un riesgo significativo de desarrollar complicaciones médicas tales como enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), dislipemias, hipertensión, apnea del sueño, depresión y ciertos tipos de cáncer (11, 16-20). La obesidad también aumenta la mortalidad por cualquier otra causa (21). El tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad en nuestro Sistema Nacional de Salud ofrece la cirugía bariátrica a 6.000 pacientes al año (22) de los 500.000/1.000.000 individuos potencialmente candidatos. Esta situación puede extrapolarse a muchos países europeos, con una tasa actual de intervención de 1/200 (23) del total de pacientes que padecen obesidad mórbida. En los EE.UU., donde se realizan más de 100.000 cirugías bariátricas por año, esta cifra únicamente se reduce a 1/100 intervenciones (24), abarcando una mínima parte de la población y produciendo promedios de lista de espera superiores a 1 año. En España la lista de espera de cirugía bariátrica alcanza los 2-3 años en la mayoría de los Hospitales públicos. Si se tratase de operar a todos los pacientes obesos mórbidos, simplemente se vería que con los recursos financieros y de infraestructura disponibles actualmente, únicamente se podría operar un máximo de un 1% de la población occidental candidata a cirugía bariátrica.