Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Multi-Physics characterization"
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Sivapurapu, Sridhar, Madhavan Swaminathan, Rui Chen, Chirag Mehta, Yi Zhou, Mohamed L. F. Bellaredj, Xiaotong Jia, Paul A. Kohl, Tsung-Ching Huang e Suresh K. Sitaraman. "Multi-Physics Modeling and Characterization of Components on Flexible Substrates". IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 9, n.º 9 (setembro de 2019): 1730–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2019.2931452.
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Kim, Min-Ki, e Sang Won Yoon. "Thermal Impedance Characterization Using Optical Measurement Assisted by Multi-Physics Simulation for Multi-Chip SiC MOSFET Module". Micromachines 11, n.º 12 (30 de novembro de 2020): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121060.
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In this paper, an approach to determine the thermal impedance of a multi-chip silicon carbide (SiC) power module is proposed, by fusing optical measurement and multi-physics simulations. The tested power module consists of four parallel SiC metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and four parallel SiC Schottky barrier diodes. This study mainly relies on junction temperature measurements performed using fiber optic temperature sensors instead of temperature-sensitive electrical parameters (TESPs). However, the fiber optics provide a relatively slow response compared to other available TSEP measurement methods and cannot detect fast responses. Therefore, the region corresponding to undetected signals is estimated via multi-physics simulations of the power module. This method provides a compensated cooling curve. We analyze the thermal resistance using network identification by deconvolution (NID). The estimated thermal resistance is compared to that obtained via a conventional method, and the difference is 3.8%. The proposed fusion method is accurate and reliable and does not require additional circuits or calibrations.
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Haque, M. A., S. Kumar e M. T. Alam. "A MEMS-Based Platform for Multi-Physics Characterization of Ultra-Thin Freestanding Films". ECS Transactions 50, n.º 12 (15 de março de 2013): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05012.0487ecst.
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Oppen, Dominic, Lisa M. Berger, Monika Gibis e Jochen Weiss. "Sensory Texture and Mastication Physics of Multi-Phase Meat Products". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 21 (1 de novembro de 2022): 11076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111076.
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Food products often consist of several phases. Comminuted meat products, for example, are multiphase systems consisting of structured meat particles and unstructured batter-like substance. To develop and understand the processing of these products, it is important to understand the sensory and mechanical perception principles. To this end, two-phase food prototypes consisting of mixtures of ground beef and beef batter were prepared and subjected to sensory, texture, and oral processing analysis. The oral processing analysis focused on the biomechanical data of the chewing process, namely the kinematics of jaw movement and electromyographic activity. The ground meat served as the anisotropic phase and the meat dough as the isotropic phase. A significant increase in muscle activity, duration per bite, and occlusion time with increasing proportion of fibrous particles was demonstrated (p < 0.05). In contrast, a higher proportion of isotropic substance resulted in significantly higher amplitudes of jaw movement and faster jaw kinetics (p < 0.05). In mixed regimes, the system responded mainly according to the dominant phase, with sensory or mechanical response changing at a critical point. In combination with texture and sensory data, a holistic characterization of the food models could be performed.
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Urban, K., M. Carminati, M. Descher, F. Edzards, D. Fink, C. Fiorini, M. Gugiatti et al. "Characterization measurements of the TRISTAN multi-pixel silicon drift detector". Journal of Instrumentation 17, n.º 09 (1 de setembro de 2022): C09020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/09/c09020.
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Abstract Sterile neutrinos are a minimal extension of the standard model of particle physics. A laboratory-based approach to search for this particle is via tritium β-decay, where a sterile neutrino would cause a kink-like spectral distortion. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment extended by a multi-pixel Silicon Drift Detector system has the potential to reach an unprecedented sensitivity to the keV-scale sterile neutrino in a lab-based experiment. The new detector system combines good spectroscopic performance with a high rate capability. In this work, we report about the characterization of charge-sharing between pixels and the commissioning of a 47-pixel prototype detector in a MAC-E filter.
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LEE, Seunghun. "Combinatorial Science for Condensed Matter Physics and Metal Thin-film Study". Physics and High Technology 29, n.º 7/8 (31 de agosto de 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.29.028.
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In condensed matter physics and materials science, we all traverse artificially designed space with a variation of interest: e.g., compositions, defects, microstructures, etc. The space is sometimes very immense and multi-dimensional. Thus, we take a long and expensive journey and may encounter many puzzling situations. Combinatorial science, based on thin-film library synthesis strategies and high-throughput characterization, may promise joy and outcomes in your research journey. Here, we discuss the necessity and possibilities of the combinatorial approach for a state-of-the-art research in condensed matter physics and for the study of thin metal films.
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Favetti, R., P. Chiovaro, P. A. Di Maio e G. A. Spagnuolo. "Validation of Multi-Physics Integrated Procedure for the HCPB Breeding Blanket". International Journal of Computational Methods 17, n.º 06 (14 de fevereiro de 2019): 1950009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876219500099.
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The wide range of requirements and constraints involved in the design of nuclear components for fusion reactors makes the development of multi-physics analysis procedures of utmost importance. In the framework of the European DEMO project, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) is dedicating several efforts to the development of a multi-physics analysis tool allowing the characterization of breeding blanket design points which are consistent from the neutronic, thermal-hydraulic and thermal-mechanical points of view. In particular, a procedure developed at KIT is characterized by the implementation of analysis software only. A preliminary step for the validation of such a procedure has been accomplished using a dedicated model of the DEMO Helium Cooled Pebble Bed Blanket 4th outboard module. A global model representative of nuclear irradiation in DEMO and two local models have been set up. Nuclear power deposition and the spatial distribution of its volumetric density have been calculated using Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code for the aforementioned models and compared in order to validate the procedure set up. The outcomes of this comparative study are herein presented and critically discussed.
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Gao, Hai Lin. "Characterization of the Quarternary Wavelet Wraps with Multi-Scale Factor and Applications in Physics". Advanced Materials Research 461 (fevereiro de 2012): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.656.
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In t In this article, we introduce a sort of vector-valued wavelet wraps with multi-scale dilation of space L 2(Rn, Cv) , which are generaliza-tions of multivariaale wavelet wraps. A method for designing a sort of biorthogonal vector-valued wavelet wraps is presented and their biorthogonality property is characterized by virtue of time-frequency analysis method, matrix theory, and operator theory. Three biorthogonality formulas regarding these wavelet packets are established. Furtherore, it is shown how to obtain new Riesz bases of space L 2(Rn, Cv) from these wavelet wraps.
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Mishra, Aashwin A., e Sharath S. Girimaji. "Intercomponent energy transfer in incompressible homogeneous turbulence: multi-point physics and amenability to one-point closures". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 731 (28 de agosto de 2013): 639–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.343.
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AbstractIntercomponent energy transfer (IET) is a direct consequence of the incompressibility-preserving action of pressure. This action of pressure is inherently non-local, and consequently its modelling must address multi-point physics. However, in second moment closures, pragmatism mandates a single-point closure model for the pressure–strain correlation, that is, the source of IET. In this study, we perform a rapid distortion analysis to demonstrate that for a given mean-flow gradient, IET is strongly dependent on fluctuation modes and critically influences the flow stability, asymptotic states and their bifurcations. The inference is that multi-point physics must be characterized and appropriately incorporated into pressure–strain correlation closures. To this end, we analyse and categorize various multi-point characteristics such as: (i) the fluctuation mode wavevector dynamics; (ii) the spectral space topology of dominant modes; and (iii) the range of IET behaviour and statistically most likely (SML) outcomes. Thence, this characterization is used to examine the validity and limitations of current one-point closures and to propose directions for improving the fidelity of future models.
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Cutroneo, M., A. Mackova, L. Torrisi e V. Lavrentiev. "Laser ion implantation of Ge in SiO2 using a post-ion acceleration system". Laser and Particle Beams 35, n.º 1 (22 de dezembro de 2016): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000860.
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AbstractThis work reports a comparative study of laser ion implantation mainly performed at the Nuclear Physics Institute in Rez (Czech Republic), National Institute of Nuclear Physics (Italy), and the Plasma Physics Laboratory at the University of Messina (Italy) using different approaches. Thick metallic targets were irradiated in vacuum by a focused laser beam to generate plasma-producing multi-energy and multi-species ions. A post-acceleration system was employed in order to increase the energy of the produced ions and to generate ion beams suitable to be implanted in different substrates. The ion dose was controlled by the laser repetition rate and the time of irradiation. Rutherford backscattering analysis was carried out to evaluate the integral amount of implanted ion species, the concentration–depth profiles, the ion penetration depth, and the uniformity of depth profiles for ions laser implanted into monocrystalline substrates. The laser implantation under normal conditions and in post-acceleration configuration will be discussed on the basis of the characterization of the implanted substrates.
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Liu, Albert, Diogo B. Almeida, Lazaro A. Padilha e Steven T. Cundiff. "Perspective: multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of perovskite nanocrystals". Journal of Physics: Materials 5, n.º 2 (10 de fevereiro de 2022): 021002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/ac4fa5.
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Abstract Recently, colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have emerged as an exciting material platform for optoelectronic applications due to their combination of facile synthesis routes, quantum size effects, and exceptional optical properties among other favorable characteristics. Given the focus on their optoelectronic properties, spectroscopic characterization of PNCs is crucial to rational design of their structure and device implementation. In this Perspective, we discuss how multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (MDCS) can resolve exciton dynamics and circumvent inhomogeneous broadening to reveal underlying homogeneous spectral lineshapes. We highlight recent applications of MDCS to PNCs in the literature, and suggest compelling problems concerning their microscopic physics to be addressed by MDCS in the future.
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Sabbagh, S. A., J. W. Berkery, Y. S. Park, J. Butt, J. D. Riquezes, J. G. Bak, R. E. Bell et al. "Disruption event characterization and forecasting in tokamaks". Physics of Plasmas 30, n.º 3 (março de 2023): 032506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133825.
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Disruption prediction and avoidance is a critical need for next-step tokamaks, such as ITER. Disruption Event Characterization and Forecasting (DECAF) research fully automates analysis of tokamak data to determine chains of events that lead to disruptions and to forecast their evolution allowing sufficient time for mitigation or complete avoidance of the disruption. Disruption event chains related to local rotating or global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes and vertical instability are examined with warnings issued for many off-normal physics events, including density limits, plasma dynamics, confinement transitions, and profile variations. Along with Greenwald density limit evaluation, a local radiative island power balance theory is evaluated and compared to the observation of island growth. Automated decomposition and analysis of rotating tearing modes produce physical event chains leading to disruptions. A total MHD state warning model comprised of 15 separate criteria produces a disruption forecast about 180 ms before a standard locked mode detector warning. Single DECAF event analyses have begun on KSTAR, MAST, and NSTX/-U databases with thousands of shot seconds of device operation using from 0.5 to 1 × 106 tested sample times per device. An initial multi-device database comparison illustrates a highly important result that plasma disruptivity does not need to increase as βN increases. Global MHD instabilities, such as resistive wall modes (RWMs), can give the briefest time period of warning before disruption compared to other physics events. In an NSTX database with unstable RWMs, the mode onset, loss of boundary and current control, and disruption event warnings are found in all cases and vertical displacement events are found in 91% of cases. An initial time-dependent reduced physics model of kinetic RWM stabilization created to forecast the disruption chain predicts instability 84% of the time for experimentally unstable cases with a relatively low false positive rate. Instances of the disruption event chain analysis illustrate dynamics including H–L back transitions for rotating MHD and global RWM triggering events. Disruption warnings are issued with sufficient time before the disruption (on transport timescales) to potentially allow active profile control for disruption avoidance, active mode control, or mitigation.
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Fang, Congli, Huizhen Wang, Yujiao Zhang, Minghua Zhang, Tao Shen e Jianke Du. "Multi-Scale Model for the Aging Performance of Particle-Filled Polymer Composites". Polymers 15, n.º 15 (25 de julho de 2023): 3158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153158.
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In this study, we developed a novel multi-scale model to predict the aging performance of particle-filled polymer composites (PFPCs) under thermo-oxidative aging conditions. To investigate the aging behavior, high-temperature accelerated aging tests were conducted in combination with macroscopic and microscopic characterization. At the microscopic level, the crosslinking density of the polymer matrix is calculated using the closed-loop chain reaction of polymer oxidation. In addition, the theory of polymer physics was used to determine the relationship between crosslinking density and elastic modulus. Relationships between elastic modulus and dewetting strain were analyzed at the macroscopic level. Based on the observations and analyses, a multi-scale model was developed to predict the aging performance of PFPCs. The predicted results show good agreement with the test results, which verifies the reliability of the model.
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Haddag, Badis, Dominique Yameogo, Mohammed Nouari e Hamid Makich. "Multi-Physics Analysis of Machining Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Experimental Characterization and a New Material Behavior Modeling". Metals 12, n.º 4 (29 de março de 2022): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040581.
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Titanium alloys are considered difficult-to-cut materials due to their low machinability. Understanding the physical mechanisms occurring during cutting titanium alloys is of particular interest to improve their machinability. Experimental and numerical investigations on Ti-6Al-4V alloy machining are proposed in this paper. Orthogonal cutting tests are performed. The chip microstructure is characterized using SEM observations coupled with the EBSD technique to reveal the deformation mechanisms occurring inside the microstructure. Based on these microscale observations, a new hybrid flow stress model considering the link between the microstructure and damage evolutions is proposed. The model was implemented FE code to simulate the cutting process. The morphology of generated chips and microstructural parameters were deeply analyzed and compared with experimental data. The effect of the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon and its interaction with damage on the cutting process was discussed. The model can be applied for machining simulations of Ti-6Al-4V and other titanium alloys to better choose adequate cutting conditions.
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Schiffler, Marc, Adrian Schmidt, Adrian Lindner e Andre Weber. "An Electrochemical-Thermal-Mechanical Model for Large Format Lithium Ion Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n.º 2 (28 de agosto de 2023): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012703mtgabs.
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The intercalation reaction in Lithium-Ion batteries causes significant volume changes in the active material phases during cycling. Due to spatial limitations in common battery applications, this entails mechanical stresses on different length scales and thereby influencing performance and lifetime of the battery[1]. Mechanical effects are closely linked to electrochemical and thermal processes in the cell, giving rise to complex interactions that are difficult to predict. Moreover, large cell dimensions, which become ever so common in today’s battery industry, further increase complexity due to local variations of state variables. Therefore, modeling is essential to enhance understanding of the governing- and limiting processes. In this contribution we present a fully coupled multi-scale-, multi-physics-model that combines an electrochemical model on the particulate electrode level, namely an extended Newman model featuring a particle size distribution, and a homogenized cell material model, displaying anisotropic electrical-, thermal- and mechanical properties. To include mechanical effects into a multi-physics-model[2] a new approach is considered. We apply the poroelastic theory to describe the mechanical behavior governed by the interaction of the porous electrode matrix and the infiltrated electrolyte. The use of homogenization techniques allows to keep the computational effort in check, while still doing justice to the complexity of a three-dimensional-, multi-scale-, and multi physics problem. The model is parametrized in-house by applying different electrochemical-, mechanical-, and microstructural characterization methods. The model, its parameterization and validation as well as selected simulation results will be presented. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the framework of the research training group SiMET (281041241/GRK2218). [1] Y. Zhao, P. Stein, Y. Bai, M. Al-Siraj, Y. Yang, B.-X. Xu, Journal of Power Sources 2019, 413, 259–283. [2] A. Schmidt, D. Oehler, A. Weber, T. Wetzel, E. Ivers-Tiffée, Electrochimica Acta 2021, 393, 1–14.
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Yin, L., T. B. Nguyen, G. Chen, L. Chacon, D. J. Stark, L. Green e B. M. Haines. "Time-dependent saturation and physics-based nonlinear model of cross-beam energy transfer". Physics of Plasmas 30, n.º 4 (abril de 2023): 042706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134867.
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The nonlinear physics of cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) for multi-speckled laser beams is examined using large-scale particle-in-cell simulations for a range of laser and plasma conditions relevant to indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. The time-dependent growth and saturation of CBET involve complex, nonlinear ion and electron dynamics, including ion trapping-induced enhancement and detuning, ion acoustic wave (IAW) nonlinearity, oblique forward stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS), and backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (BSBS) in a CBET-amplified seed beam. Ion-trapping-induced detuning of CBET is captured in the kinetic linear response by a new δf-Gaussian-mixture algorithm, enabling an accurate characterization of trapping-induced non-Maxwellian distributions. Ion trapping induces nonlinear processes, such as changes to the IAW dispersion and nonlinearities (e.g., bowing and self-focusing), which, together with pump depletion, FSRS, and BSBS, determine the time-dependent nature and level of CBET gain as the system approaches a steady state. Using VPIC simulations at intensities at and above the onset threshold for ion trapping and the insight from the time-dependent saturation analyses, we construct a nonlinear CBET model from local laser and plasma conditions that predicts the CBET gain and the energy deposition into the plasma. This model is intended to provide a more accurate, physics-based description of CBET saturation over a wide range of conditions encountered in ICF hohlraums compared with linear CBET gain models with ad hoc saturation clamps often used in laser ray-based methods in multi-physics codes.
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Anh Hoang, Huynh, e Huynh Quyen. "The Investigating the red phenol absorption by multi-walled carbon nanotubes". Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, n.º 1 (4 de abril de 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i1.718.
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Since the end of the 20th century, nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as one of the greatest achievements in the field of material science. Nowadays, further research on CNTs is still being conducted to unfold the full potential of this material. Generally, CNTs production methods have been extensively studied, specifically on CNTs synthesis route via liquefied hydrocarbon gas in the presence of a catalyst. From the synthesized material, further investigation including characterization and investigation of this nano size system’s effects on the physics, chemical, mechanical rules applied to macroscopic (bulk materials) and microscopic systems (atoms, molecules). In this present work, we demonstrated the research results of the synthesis of nano-carbon materials from a liquefied hydrocarbon gas (Liquefied Petroleum Gas: LPG) and its application to red phenol absorption in the liquid phase. CNTs used in this study were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with Fe /ℽ-Al2O3 as the catalyst. The research results demonstrated that CNTs synthesized from LPG in this work were reported to be multi-walled tubes (MWCNTs: Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes) with physical characteristics including average internal and external diameters were of 6 nm and 17 nm, respectively. The measured specific surface suggested by BET data was 200 m2/g. The experimental study of red phenol adsorption by MWCNTs showed that the adsorption process followed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm adsorption models with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 47.2 mg/g. The research results again showed that it was possible to synthesize MWCNTs from hydrocarbon gas sources via the CVD method by utilizing catalysts. Additionally, red phenol absorption via such material had shown to follow both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model, which allow further characterization of this material using Raman, EDX, SEM, TEM, BET, in order to extend the library database on the characterization of the reported synthesized material.
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Sun, Wei, Shaowen Huang, Siyu Zhang e Qi Luo. "Preparation, Characterization and Application of Multi-Mode Imaging Functional Graphene Au-Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposites". Materials 12, n.º 12 (19 de junho de 2019): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121978.
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Nanomaterials extensively studied by nanotechnology scientists have been extensively applied in biomedicine, chemistry, physics and other fields nowadays. Magnetic nanoparticles, surpassing nano applications, are found to possess many advantages over nonmagnetic nanomaterials. Graphene oxide (GO), in particular, draws growing scholarly attention due to its large surface area, good water solubility and biocompatibility, rich surface functional group and easy-to-modify property. In this paper, we modify the Polyethylene mide (PEI) molecule on the surface of GO to increase its biocompatibility. The Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles and folic acid molecules on the ligand make the resulting composite applicable both in magnetic resonance imaging and in cancer cell targeting. In addition, the π-π accumulation of doxorubicin used to load the anticancer drug can release the drug under the acid condition of the cancer cells, detect the cancer cells by fluorescence and realize the multi-mode detection of cancer cells.
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Masson, Philippe Le, e Helcio R. B. Orlande. "Thermophysical characterization of materials at high temperatures by solving inverse problems within the Bayesian framework of statistics". High Temperatures-High Pressures 50, n.º 2 (2021): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32908/hthp.v50.973.
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Inverse heat transfer problems deal with the estimation of parameters or functions appearing in the mathematical formulation of problems in thermal sciences, by utilizing measurements of dependent variables of the formulation. Inverse problems are extremely useful for the indirect measurement of thermophysical properties, in particular for challenging situations involving high temperatures, where coupled multi-physics phenomena and nonlinearities must be taken into account. In this paper, basic inverse problem concepts are reviewed. Solution techniques within the Bayesian framework of statistics are briefly described and applied to two inverse problems related to the authors� experience on the estimation of thermophysical properties at high temperatures.
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Sciara, Stefania, Piotr Roztocki, Bennet Fischer, Christian Reimer, Luis Romero Cortés, William J. Munro, David J. Moss et al. "Scalable and effective multi-level entangled photon states: a promising tool to boost quantum technologies". Nanophotonics 10, n.º 18 (9 de novembro de 2021): 4447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0510.
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Abstract Multi-level (qudit) entangled photon states are a key resource for both fundamental physics and advanced applied science, as they can significantly boost the capabilities of novel technologies such as quantum communications, cryptography, sensing, metrology, and computing. The benefits of using photons for advanced applications draw on their unique properties: photons can propagate over long distances while preserving state coherence, and they possess multiple degrees of freedom (such as time and frequency) that allow scalable access to higher dimensional state encoding, all while maintaining low platform footprint and complexity. In the context of out-of-lab use, photon generation and processing through integrated devices and off-the-shelf components are in high demand. Similarly, multi-level entanglement detection must be experimentally practical, i.e., ideally requiring feasible single-qudit projections and high noise tolerance. Here, we focus on multi-level optical Bell and cluster states as a critical resource for quantum technologies, as well as on universal witness operators for their feasible detection and entanglement characterization. Time- and frequency-entangled states are the main platform considered in this context. We review a promising approach for the scalable, cost-effective generation and processing of these states by using integrated quantum frequency combs and fiber-based devices, respectively. We finally report an experimentally practical entanglement identification and characterization technique based on witness operators that is valid for any complex photon state and provides a good compromise between experimental feasibility and noise robustness. The results reported here can pave the way toward boosting the implementation of quantum technologies in integrated and widely accessible photonic platforms.
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Zhang, Xuelin, Yufan Zhou, Ying Chen, Ming Li, Haitao Yu e Xinxin Li. "Advanced In Situ TEM Microchip with Excellent Temperature Uniformity and High Spatial Resolution". Sensors 23, n.º 9 (4 de maio de 2023): 4470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094470.
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a highly effective method for scientific research, providing comprehensive analysis and characterization. However, traditional TEM is limited to observing static material structures at room temperature within a high-vacuum environment. To address this limitation, a microchip was developed for in situ TEM characterization, enabling the real-time study of material structure evolution and chemical process mechanisms. This microchip, based on microelectromechanical System (MEMS) technology, is capable of introducing multi-physics stimulation and can be used in conjunction with TEM to investigate the dynamic changes of matter in gas and high-temperature environments. The microchip design ensures a high-temperature uniformity in the sample observation area, and a system of tests was established to verify its performance. Results show that the temperature uniformity of 10 real-time observation windows with a total area of up to 1130 μm2 exceeded 95%, and the spatial resolution reached the lattice level, even in a flowing atmosphere of 1 bar.
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Abdel-Khalik, Hany S., Alexandre Trottier, Dumitru Serghiuta e Dongli Huang. "UNCERTAINTY CHARACTERIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT NEUTRONICS SIMULATIONS OF A CANDU REACTOR". EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 15002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124715002.
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This paper reports on the development and testing of a comprehensive few-group cross section input uncertainty library for the NESTLE-C nodal diffusion-based nuclear reactor core simulator. This library represents the first milestone of a first-of-a-kind framework for the integrated characterization of uncertainties in steady-state and transient CANDU reactor simulations. The objective of this framework is to propagate, prioritize and devise a mapping capability for uncertainties in support of model validation of best-estimate calculations. A complete framework would factor both input and modeling uncertainty contributions. The scope of the present work is limited to the propagation of multi-group cross-section uncertainties through lattice physics calculations down to the few-group format, representing the input to the NESTLE-C core simulator, and finally to core responses of interest.
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Stratta, Giulia, Lorenzo Amati, Marica Branchesi, Riccardo Ciolfi, Nial Tanvir, Enrico Bozzo, Diego Götz, Paul O’Brien e Andrea Santangelo. "Breakthrough Multi-Messenger Astrophysics with the THESEUS Space Mission". Galaxies 10, n.º 3 (21 de abril de 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10030060.
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The mission concept THESEUS (Transient High Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor) aims at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) to explore the early Universe, as well as becoming a cornerstone of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. To achieve these goals, a key feature is the capability to survey the soft X-ray transient sky and to detect the faint and soft GRB population so far poorly explored. Among the expected transients there will be high-redshift GRBs, nearby low-luminosity, X-ray Flashes and short GRBs. Our understanding of the physics governing the GRB prompt emission will benefit from the 0.3 keV–10 MeV simultaneous observations for an unprecedented large number of hundreds of events per year. In particular the mission will provide the identification, accurate sky localisation and characterization of electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational wave and neutrino sources, which will be routinely detected during the 2030s by the upgraded second generation and third generation Gravitational Wave (GW) interferometers and next generation neutrino detectors.
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Taubmann, Julian, Xiufu Sun, Christodoulos Chatzichristodoulou e Henrik Lund Frandsen. "Tracking Localized Degradation of Solid Oxide Cells Via Multi-Physics Modelling of Impedance Spectroscopy". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n.º 54 (28 de agosto de 2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154147mtgabs.
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The global, macro-scale description of degradation phenomena in solid oxide cells (SOC) reaches limitations when dealing with localized, micro-scale processes. For example, it is established that carbon deposition and transformation of the active area in nickel containing electrodes in electrolysis mode depend strongly on the local overpotential and gas composition. The state-of-the-art long-term characterization of a full SOC however relies on macroscopic measurements of DC polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which are capturing the average response of the entire cell. The deconvolution of impedance spectra allows to separate the electrolyte resistance from electrode electrochemistry, gas conversion, and diffusion contributions. Nonetheless, heterogeneous, and local degradation cannot be described deploying commonly used tools of EIS analysis, such as equivalent electric circuit models, transmission line models, or the analysis of distribution of relaxation times. Multi-physics based numerical models on the other hand open new opportunities in gaining advanced insights into the complex degradation mechanisms in SOCs. In the model proposed here, combining simulations of transient and frequency domain into one framework allows the description of measured long-term durability of an SOC in terms of voltage-current and impedance characteristic. In addition, the framework enables a local, micro-scale description of the degradation process based upon physical properties confirmable in experiments. The modelling framework is validated with the durability measurements of the SOC in Sun et al. [1]. In this study, a fuel electrode supported cell with an active area of 16 cm2 was tested in galvanostatic operating conditions as an electrolysis cell with the constant current of -1 A/cm2 over 4383 h. Simultaneously to the voltage measurements over the test duration, the impedance response of the cell was tracked every eight hours. The evolution of the measured impedance spectra of the cell can be seen in the attached figure. Comparing the outcomes of the model to the experimental data showcases the benefits of the model in describing the degradation induced increase in voltage over time and the evolution of impedance spectra. In particular, the effect of higher activation overpotential at the fuel inlet to the outlet of the cell is analyzed enabling the generation of local insights concerning the observed degradation. The model establishes an improved validation of equations describing degradation of SOCs encompassing overpotential gradients and relating to postmortem observed micro-structural changes. Reference [1] Sun, X., et al. "Degradation in solid oxide electrolysis cells during long term testing." Fuel Cells 19.6 (2019): 740-747. Figure 1
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Hernandez Montesinos, D., S. Baron, S. Biereigel, P. Hazell, S. Kulis, P. Vicente Leitao, P. Moreira, D. Porret e K. Wyllie. "Overview of the production and qualification tests of the lpGBT". Journal of Instrumentation 19, n.º 04 (1 de abril de 2024): C04048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04048.
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Abstract The Low-Power Gigabit Transceiver (lpGBT) is a radiation-tolerant ASIC used in high-energy physics experiments for multipurpose high-speed bidirectional serial links. Around 200,000 chips have been tested with a production test system capable of exercising the majority of the ASIC functionality to ensure its correct operation. Furthermore, specific individual qualification tests were carried out beyond the production tester limits, including radiation, multi-drop bus topology, inter-chip communication through different types of electrical links and characterization of jitter and stability of the recovered clocks. In this article, an overview of the production and qualification tests is given together with their results demonstrating the robustness and flexibility of the lpGBT.
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Patil, Chandraman, Hamed Dalir, Jin Ho Kang, Albert Davydov, Chee Wei Wong e Volker J. Sorger. "Highly accurate, reliable, and non-contaminating two-dimensional material transfer system". Applied Physics Reviews 9, n.º 1 (março de 2022): 011419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0071799.
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The exotic properties of two-dimensional materials and heterostructures, built by forming heterogeneous multi-layered stacks, have been widely explored across several subject matters following the goal to invent, design, and improve applications enabled by these materials. Successfully harvesting these unique properties effectively and increasing the yield of manufacturing two-dimensional material-based devices for achieving reliable and repeatable results is the current challenge. The scientific community has introduced various experimental transfer systems explained in detail for exfoliation of these materials; however, the field lacks statistical analysis and the capability of producing a transfer technique enabling (i) high transfer precision and yield, (ii) cross-contamination free transfer, (iii) multi-substrate transfer, and (iv) rapid prototyping without wet chemistry. Here, we introduce a novel two-dimensional material deterministic transfer system and experimentally show its high accuracy, reliability, repeatability, and non-contaminating transfer features by demonstrating fabrication of two-dimensional material-based optoelectronic devices featuring novel device physics and unique functionality. The system paves the way toward accelerated two-dimensional material-based device manufacturing and characterization. Such rapid and material analyzing prototype capability can accelerate not only layered materials science in discovery but also engineering innovations.
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Balasubramanian, Ganapathi RAMAN, Rafael Salazar-Tio, Zhuang Sun, Bernd Crouse e Victor Oancea. "(Digital Presentation) Numerical Characterization of Physical Properties of Microstructures in Lithium-Ion Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 2 (7 de julho de 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012175mtgabs.
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In this paper, we present calculations of some of the key physical properties of microstructures of electrodes and separators present in lithium-ion batteries with porous electrode architectures. We analyze three-dimensional models of public domain real commercial porous anodes, cathodes and polyethylene (PE) separator, in order to characterize some of their microstructural properties. First, a pore space analysis of the binarized microstructure reveals the location and distribution of pores of various sizes, the overall porosity distribution and connectivity. Next, diffusion simulations using a random-walk method are performed to compute and accurately validate in-plane and through-plane effective transport coefficients and tortuosities, for different electrodes and calendaring levels. Single phase fluid flow simulations are performed using a commercial Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) solver to accurately validate the permeability of the microstructures. Next, multi-phase fluid flow simulations are done using this LBM solver to simulate the electrolyte in-filling process for various solvents. We predict that in-filling process may result in residual gas bubbles, which effect is shown in subsequent diffusion simulations to reduce the effective transport. The calculated McMillan numbers after in-filling show good agreement with experimental results. Next, we simulate the mechanical deformation of these microstructures under compressive strain using a finite element analysis (FEA) solver. This work illustrates how the use of multi-physics simulation tools can help to design these microstructures to satisfy the mechanical and electrochemical properties required of them. Figure 1
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Sambucci, Matteo, Abbas Sibai, Luciano Fattore, Riccardo Martufi, Sabrina Lucibello e Marco Valente. "Finite Element Multi-Physics Analysis and Experimental Testing for Hollow Brick Solutions with Lightweight and Eco-Sustainable Cement Mix". Journal of Composites Science 6, n.º 4 (5 de abril de 2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6040107.
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Combining eco-sustainability and technological efficiency is one of the “hot” topics in the current construction and architectural sectors. In this work, recycled tire rubber aggregates and acoustically effective fractal cavities were combined in the design, modeling, and experimental characterization of lightweight concrete hollow bricks. After analyzing the structural and acoustic behavior of the brick models by finite element analysis as a function of the type of constituent concrete material (reference and rubberized cement mixes) and hollow inner geometry (circular- and fractal-shaped hollow designs), compressive tests and sound-absorption measurements were experimentally performed to evaluate the real performance of the developed prototypes. Compared to the traditional circular hollow pattern, fractal cavities improve the mechanical strength of the brick, its structural efficiency (strength-to-weight ratio), and the medium–high frequency noise damping. The use of ground waste tire rubber as a total concrete aggregate represents an eco-friendlier solution than the ordinary cementitious mix design, providing, at the same time, enhanced lightweight properties, mechanical ductility, and better sound attenuation. The near-compliance of rubber-concrete blocks with standard requirements and the value-added properties have demonstrated a good potential for incorporating waste rubber as aggregate for non-structural applications.
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Sheng, Junfang, Wei Chen, Kunpeng Cui e Liangbin Li. "Polymer crystallization under external flow". Reports on Progress in Physics 85, n.º 3 (18 de fevereiro de 2022): 036601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac4d92.
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Abstract The general aspects of polymer crystallization under external flow, i.e., flow-induced crystallization (FIC) from fundamental theoretical background to multi-scale characterization and modeling results are presented. FIC is crucial for modern polymer processing, such as blowing, casting, and injection modeling, as two-third of daily-used polymers is crystalline, and nearly all of them need to be processed before final applications. For academics, the FIC is intrinsically far from equilibrium, where the polymer crystallization behavior is different from that in quiescent conditions. The continuous investigation of crystallization contributes to a better understanding on the general non-equilibrium ordering in condensed physics. In the current review, the general theories related to polymer nucleation under flow (FIN) were summarized first as a preliminary knowledge. Various theories and models, i.e., coil–stretch transition and entropy reduction model, are briefly presented together with the modified versions. Subsequently, the multi-step ordering process of FIC is discussed in detail, including chain extension, conformational ordering, density fluctuation, and final perfection of the polymer crystalline. These achievements for a thorough understanding of the fundamental basis of FIC benefit from the development of various hyphenated rheometer, i.e., rheo-optical spectroscopy, rheo-IR, and rheo-x-ray scattering. The selected experimental results are introduced to present efforts on elucidating the multi-step and hierarchical structure transition during FIC. Then, the multi-scale modeling methods are summarized, including micro/meso scale simulation and macroscopic continuum modeling. At last, we briefly describe our personal opinions related to the future directions of this field, aiming to ultimately establish the unified theory of FIC and promote building of the more applicable models in the polymer processing.
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Senger, Peter. "Status of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR". International Journal of Modern Physics E 29, n.º 02 (fevereiro de 2020): 2030001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301320300015.
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The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will investigate high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), which is under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The CBM research program is focused on the exploration of QCD matter at neutron star core densities, such as study of the equation-of-state and the search for phase transitions. Key experimental observables include (multi-) strange (anti-) particles, electron-positron pairs and dimuons, particle correlations and fluctuations, and hyper-nuclei. In order to measure these diagnostic probes multi-differentially with unprecedented precision, the CBM detector and data acquisition systems are designed to run at reaction rates up to 10 MHz. This requires the development of fast and radiation hard detectors and readout electronics for track reconstruction, electron and muon identification, time-of-flight (TOF) determination and event characterization. The data are read-out by ultra-fast, radiation-tolerant, and free-streaming front-end electronics, and then transferred via radiation-hard data aggregation units and high-speed optical connections to a high-performance computing center. A fast and highly parallelized software will perform online track reconstruction, particle identification and event analysis. The components of the CBM experimental setup will be discussed and results of physics performance studies will be presented.
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Gimbert, Florent, Ugo Nanni, Philippe Roux, Agnès Helmstetter, Stéphane Garambois, Albanne Lecointre, Andréa Walpersdorf et al. "A Multi-Physics Experiment with a Temporary Dense Seismic Array on the Argentière Glacier, French Alps: The RESOLVE Project". Seismological Research Letters 92, n.º 2A (3 de fevereiro de 2021): 1185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200280.
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Abstract Recent work in the field of cryo-seismology demonstrates that high-frequency (>1 Hz) seismic waves provide key constraints on a wide range of glacier processes, such as basal friction, surface crevassing, or subglacial water flow. Establishing quantitative links between the seismic signal and the processes of interest, however, requires detailed characterization of the wavefield, which, at high frequencies, necessitates the deployment of large and dense seismic arrays. Although dense seismic array monitoring has recently become increasingly common in geophysics, its application to glaciated environments remains limited. Here, we present a dense seismic array experiment made of 98 three-component seismic stations continuously recording during 35 days in early spring 2018 on the Argentière Glacier, French Alps. The seismic dataset is supplemented with a wide range of complementary observations obtained from ground-penetrating radar, drone imagery, Global Navigation Satellite Systems positioning, and in situ measurements of basal glacier sliding velocities and subglacial water discharge. We present first results through conducting spectral analysis, template matching, matched-field processing, and eikonal-wave tomography. We report enhanced spatial resolution on basal stick slip and englacial fracturing sources as well as novel constraints on the heterogeneous nature of the noise field generated by subglacial water flow and on the link between crevasse properties and englacial seismic velocities. We outline in which ways further work using this dataset could help tackle key remaining questions in the field.
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Hsu, Charlie Chia-Tsong, Gigi Nga Chi Kwan, Sachintha Hapugoda, Michelle Craigie, Trevor William Watkins e E. Mark Haacke. "Susceptibility weighted imaging in acute cerebral ischemia: review of emerging technical concepts and clinical applications". Neuroradiology Journal 30, n.º 2 (20 de fevereiro de 2017): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917690166.
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Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is an essential magnetic resonance imaging sequence in the assessment of acute ischemic stroke. In this article, we discuss the physics principals and clinical application of conventional SWI and multi-echo SWI sequences. We review the research evidence and practical approach of SWI in acute ischemic stroke by focusing on the detection and characterization of thromboembolism in the cerebral circulation. In addition, we discuss the role of SWI in the assessment of neuroparenchyma by depiction of asymmetric hypointense cortical veins in the ischemic territory (surrogate tissue perfusion), detection of existing microbleeds before stroke treatment and monitoring for hemorrhagic transformation post-treatment. In conclusion, the SWI sequence complements other parameters in the stroke magnetic resonance imaging protocol and understanding of the research evidence is vital for practising stroke neurologists and neuroradiologists.
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Goldschmidt, Andy J., Jonathan L. DuBois, Steven L. Brunton e J. Nathan Kutz. "Model predictive control for robust quantum state preparation". Quantum 6 (13 de outubro de 2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-10-13-837.
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A critical engineering challenge in quantum technology is the accurate control of quantum dynamics. Model-based methods for optimal control have been shown to be highly effective when theory and experiment closely match. Consequently, realizing high-fidelity quantum processes with model-based control requires careful device characterization. In quantum processors based on cold atoms, the Hamiltonian can be well-characterized. For superconducting qubits operating at milli-Kelvin temperatures, the Hamiltonian is not as well-characterized. Unaccounted for physics (i.e., mode discrepancy), coherent disturbances, and increased noise compromise traditional model-based control. This work introduces model predictive control (MPC) for quantum control applications. MPC is a closed-loop optimization framework that (i) inherits a natural degree of disturbance rejection by incorporating measurement feedback, (ii) utilizes finite-horizon model-based optimizations to control complex multi-input, multi-output dynamical systems under state and input constraints, and (iii) is flexible enough to develop synergistically alongside other modern control strategies. We show how MPC can be used to generate practical optimized control sequences in representative examples of quantum state preparation. Specifically, we demonstrate for a qubit, a weakly-anharmonic qubit, and a system undergoing crosstalk, that MPC can realize successful model-based control even when the model is inadequate. These examples showcase why MPC is an important addition to the quantum engineering control suite.
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Puglisi, Francesco M., Luca Larcher, Andrea Padovani e Paolo Pavan. "Operations, Charge Transport, and Random Telegraph Noise in HfOx Resistive Random Access Memory: a Multi-scale Modeling Study". MRS Advances 1, n.º 5 (2016): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.23.
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ABSTRACTIn this work we explore the mechanisms responsible for Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) fluctuations in HfOx Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) devices. The statistical properties of the RTN are analyzed in many operating conditions exploiting the Factorial Hidden Markov Model (FHMM) to decompose the multilevel RTN traces in a superposition of two-level fluctuations. This allows the simultaneous characterization of individual defects contributing to the RTN. Results, together with multi-scale physics-based simulations, allows thoroughly investigating the physical mechanisms which could be responsible for the RTN current fluctuations in the two resistive states of these devices, including also the charge transport features in a comprehensive framework. We consider two possible options, which are the Coulomb blockade effect and the possible existence of metastable states for the defects assisting charge transport. Results indicate that both options may be responsible for RTN current fluctuations in HRS, while RTN in LRS is attributed to the temporary screening effect of the charge trapped at defect sites around the conductive filament.
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Heyd, Rodolphe. "One-Dimensional Systemic Modeling of Thermal Sensors Based on Miniature Bead-Type Thermistors". Sensors 21, n.º 23 (26 de novembro de 2021): 7866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237866.
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Accurate measurements of thermal properties is a major concern, for both scientists and the industry. The complexity and diversity of current and future demands (biomedical applications, HVAC, smart buildings, climate change adapted cities, etc.) require making the thermal characterization methods used in laboratory more accessible and portable, by miniaturizing, automating, and connecting them. Designing new materials with innovative thermal properties or studying the thermal properties of biological tissues often require the use of miniaturized and non-invasive sensors, capable of accurately measuring the thermal properties of small quantities of materials. In this context, miniature electro-thermal resistive sensors are particularly well suited, in both material science and biomedical instrumentation, both in vitro and in vivo. This paper presents a one-dimensional (1D) electro-thermal systemic modeling of miniature thermistor bead-type sensors. A Godunov-SPICE discretization scheme is introduced, which allows for very efficient modeling of the entire system (control and signal processing circuits, sensors, and materials to be characterized) in a single workspace. The present modeling is applied to the thermal characterization of different biocompatible liquids (glycerol, water, and glycerol–water mixtures) using a miniature bead-type thermistor. The numerical results are in very good agreement with the experimental ones, demonstrating the relevance of the present modeling. A new quasi-absolute thermal characterization method is then reported and discussed. The multi-physics modeling described in this paper could in the future greatly contribute to the development of new portable instrumental approaches.
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Secanell, Marc. "(Invited) Challenges and Opportunities for the Computational Analysis of Electrochemical Energy Systems". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n.º 37 (22 de dezembro de 2023): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371700mtgabs.
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Electrochemical systems are challenging to analyze and design due to their multi-dimensional, time-dependent, and multi-physics nature. For this reason, many computational electrochemical system models have been developed in the past three decades, some of which can now be found in commercial software packages, e.g., COMSOL or ANSYS Fluent. These models however: i) are based on simplifying assumptions, e.g., reduced dimensionality, infinite dilution, Tafel kinetics; ii) contain uncertain input parameters, e.g., effective transport properties and kinetic parameters; and, iii) are only validated with a limited number of experiments, e.g., polarization curves. These limitations, understandable at the time due to limited computational resources, characterization techniques, and material understanding and stability, are difficult to justify today that parallel programming and computer clusters enable scientists to perform large multi-dimensional simulations; electrochemical testing has expanded to include segmented cell testing, impedance spectroscopy, water flux estimation, and in-operando visualization; and, characterization tools and techniques have been developed to, for example, easily measure adsorption isotherms, effective proton conductivity and, within a given resolution, visualize the three-dimensional microstructure of the electrodes. Scientists working on computational analysis of electrochemical systems must acknowledge that further model development is still needed and must take advantage of new resources to improve the robustness and accuracy of cell-level models. The path is long and crooked, but it is very likely that the opportunity for a truly useful computational model, one that can be used for design, is beyond simplistic implementations and polarization curves. The effort is great, but it can be minimized by concurrent software development, as well as, by careful experimental work dedicated to parameter estimation and model validation. This presentation aims at outlining the limitations of state-of-the-art models, the challenges and opportunities of concurrent development and maintenance of a multi-scale, transient electrochemical energy system software, such as the open-source fuel cell simulation toolbox (OpenFCST) [1], and the new opportunities provided by combining advanced characterization tools with computational analysis. As an example, the development and validation of the transient, two-phase fuel cell and electrolyzer cell-level models in OpenFCST will be discussed [2]. The use of a hydrogen-pump model to study the effect of an active catalyst in CL effective proton conductivity measurements will also be discussed as an example of concurrent experimental/model design [3]. References [1] M. Secanell et al., ECS Transactions 64.3 (2014) (10.1149/06403.0655ecst) [2] M. Moore et al, Journal of the Electrochemical Society (2023) (10.1149/1945-7111/acc898) [3] M. Mandal et al, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12 (44), 49549-49562 (2020) (10.1021/acsami.0c12111)
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Vallianatos, Filippos, Giorgos Papadakis e Georgios Michas. "Generalized statistical mechanics approaches to earthquakes and tectonics". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, n.º 2196 (dezembro de 2016): 20160497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0497.
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Despite the extreme complexity that characterizes the mechanism of the earthquake generation process, simple empirical scaling relations apply to the collective properties of earthquakes and faults in a variety of tectonic environments and scales. The physical characterization of those properties and the scaling relations that describe them attract a wide scientific interest and are incorporated in the probabilistic forecasting of seismicity in local, regional and planetary scales. Considerable progress has been made in the analysis of the statistical mechanics of earthquakes, which, based on the principle of entropy, can provide a physical rationale to the macroscopic properties frequently observed. The scale-invariant properties, the (multi) fractal structures and the long-range interactions that have been found to characterize fault and earthquake populations have recently led to the consideration of non-extensive statistical mechanics (NESM) as a consistent statistical mechanics framework for the description of seismicity. The consistency between NESM and observations has been demonstrated in a series of publications on seismicity, faulting, rock physics and other fields of geosciences. The aim of this review is to present in a concise manner the fundamental macroscopic properties of earthquakes and faulting and how these can be derived by using the notions of statistical mechanics and NESM, providing further insights into earthquake physics and fault growth processes.
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Rogers, Jacob A., Nathaniel Bass, Paul T. Mead, Aniket Mote, Gavin D. Lukasik, Matthew Intardonato, Khari Harrison et al. "The Texas A&M University Hypervelocity Impact Laboratory: A modern aeroballistic range facility". Review of Scientific Instruments 93, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2022): 085106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088994.
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Novel engineering materials and structures are increasingly designed for use in severe environments involving extreme transient variations in temperature and loading rates, chemically reactive flows, and other conditions. The Texas A&M University Hypervelocity Impact Laboratory (HVIL) enables unique ultrahigh-rate materials characterization, testing, and modeling capabilities by tightly integrating expertise in high-rate materials behavior, computational and polymer chemistry, and multi-physics multiscale numerical algorithm development, validation, and implementation. The HVIL provides a high-throughput test bed for development and tailoring of novel materials and structures to mitigate hypervelocity impacts (HVIs). A conventional, 12.7 mm, smooth bore, two-stage light gas gun (2SLGG) is being used as the aeroballistic range launcher to accelerate single and simultaneously launched projectiles to velocities in the range 1.5–7.0 km/s. The aeroballistic range is combined with conventional and innovative experimental, diagnostic, and modeling capabilities to create a unique HVI and hypersonic test bed. Ultrahigh-speed imaging (10M fps), ultrahigh-speed schlieren imaging, multi-angle imaging, digital particle tracking, flash x-ray radiography, nondestructive/destructive inspection, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and other techniques are being used to characterize HVIs and study interactions between hypersonic projectiles and suspended aerosolized particles. Additionally, an overview of 65 2SLGG facilities operational worldwide since 1990 is provided, which is the most comprehensive survey published to date. The HVIL aims to ( i) couple recent theoretical developments in shock physics with advances in numerical methods to perform HVI risk assessments of materials and structures, ( ii) characterize environmental effects (water, ice, dust, etc.) on hypersonic vehicles, and ( iii) address key high-rate materials and hypersonics research problems.
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Elhattab, Karim, Mohamed Samir Hefzy, Zachary Hanf, Bailey Crosby, Alexander Enders, Tim Smiczek, Meysam Haghshenas, Ahmadreza Jahadakbar e Mohammad Elahinia. "Biomechanics of Additively Manufactured Metallic Scaffolds—A Review". Materials 14, n.º 22 (12 de novembro de 2021): 6833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226833.
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This review paper is related to the biomechanics of additively manufactured (AM) metallic scaffolds, in particular titanium alloy Ti6Al4V scaffolds. This is because Ti6Al4V has been identified as an ideal candidate for AM metallic scaffolds. The factors that affect the scaffold technology are the design, the material used to build the scaffold, and the fabrication process. This review paper includes thus a discussion on the design of Ti6A4V scaffolds in relation to how their behavior is affected by their cell shapes and porosities. This is followed by a discussion on the post treatment and mechanical characterization including in-vitro and in-vivo biomechanical studies. A review and discussion are also presented on the ongoing efforts to develop predictive tools to derive the relationships between structure, processing, properties and performance of powder-bed additive manufacturing of metals. This is a challenge when developing process computational models because the problem involves multi-physics and is of multi-scale in nature. Advantages, limitations, and future trends in AM scaffolds are finally discussed. AM is considered at the forefront of Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution. The market of scaffold technology will continue to boom because of the high demand for human tissue repair.
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Kablan, Or Aimon Brou Koffi, e Tongjun Chen. "Shale Gas Reservoir Pore Pressure Prediction: A Case Study of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations in Sichuan Basin, Southwest China". Energies 16, n.º 21 (26 de outubro de 2023): 7280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16217280.
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Pore pressure prediction is critical for shale gas reservoir characterization and simulation. The Wufeng–Longmaxi shale, in the southeastern margin of the Sichuan Basin, is identified as a complex reservoir affected by overpressure generation mechanisms and variability in lithification. Thus, standard methods need to be adapted to consistently evaluate pore pressure in this basin. Based on wireline logs, formation pressure tests, and geological data, this study applied the Eaton–Yale approach, which extends the theoretical basis of Eaton and Bowers methods to reservoir geological conditions and basin history. The method was developed by integrating petrophysical properties, rock physics interpretations, and geology information. The essential steps include (1) a multi-mineral analysis to determine mineral and fluid volumes; (2) a determination of the normal pressure trend line and extending it to overpressured sections; (3) predicting pore pressure using the basic Eaton approach and identifying overpressured zones; (4) correcting compressional velocity using lithology logs and a rock physics model; (5) determining the Biot Alpha coefficient and vertical-effective stress and estimating the new pore pressure values using the Eaton–Yale method. Overpressure zones were corrected, and reservoir pore pressure varied between 30.354 and 34.959 MPa in the wells. These research results can provide a basis for building reservoir simulation models, identifying reservoir boundaries, and predicting relative permeability.
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Liu, Lishuai, Di Sun, Yanxun Xiang e Fu-Zhen Xuan. "Deep learning-based solvability of underdetermined inverse problems in nonlinear ultrasonic characterization of micro damages". Journal of Applied Physics 132, n.º 14 (14 de outubro de 2022): 144901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107205.
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Detection and evaluation of micro-damages in the early stages of engineering failure are crucial for various industrial structures to ensure their safety and prevent further catastrophic accidents. The nonlinear ultrasonic technique (NUT) has gained increasing popularity and recognition for breaking through the detection sensitivity limit upon micro-damages that usually are invisible to conventional linear techniques. However, it remains an ongoing challenge to quantitatively characterize micro-damages using NUT due to great difficulties in fully modeling the complicated interaction mechanism between the nonlinear ultrasonic waves and micro-damages. This work presents a data-driven perspective for solving multiparameter underdetermined inverse problems that are at the core of NUT, while allowing by-passing the creation of high-fidelity physics-based models. Nonlinear Lamb wave measurements with group-velocity mismatching are conducted to introduce both size and localization information of damages to the assembled dataset. A nonlinearity-aware discrete wavelet transform-bidirectional long short-term memory network is proposed to directly process nonlinear ultrasonic responses to automatically model latent nonlinear dynamics, thus establishing the complex mapping between the nonlinear ultrasonic signals and the multi-dimensional damage features. In particular, an attempt is made to augment the physical explainability of the proposed deep learning approach through a frequency component importance analysis. The trained network enables accurate and explainable predictions of length and localization of closed cracks and robustness against varying degrees of noise. Our work paves a promising and practical way to promote the transformation of NUT from the qualitative analysis for accurate and efficient quantitative prediction.
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Subrayan, Bhagya M., Dan Milisavljevic, Takashi J. Moriya, Kathryn E. Weil, Geoffery Lentner, Mark Linvill, John Banovetz et al. "Inferencing Progenitor and Explosion Properties of Evolving Core-collapse Supernovae from Zwicky Transient Facility Light Curves". Astrophysical Journal 945, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca80a.
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Abstract We analyze a sample of 45 Type II supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility public survey using a grid of hydrodynamical models in order to assess whether theoretically driven forecasts can intelligently guide follow-up observations supporting all-sky survey alert streams. We estimate several progenitor properties and explosion physics parameters, including zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) mass, mass-loss rate, kinetic energy, 56Ni mass synthesized, host extinction, and the time of the explosion. Using complete light curves we obtain confident characterizations for 34 events in our sample, with the inferences of the remaining 11 events limited either by poorly constraining data or the boundaries of our model grid. We also simulate real-time characterization of alert stream data by comparing our model grid to various stages of incomplete light curves (Δt < 25 days, Δt < 50 days, all data), and find that some parameters are more reliable indicators of true values at early epochs than others. Specifically, ZAMS mass, time of the explosion, steepness parameter β, and host extinction are reasonably constrained with incomplete light-curve data, whereas mass-loss rate, kinetic energy, and 56Ni mass estimates generally require complete light curves spanning >100 days. We conclude that real-time modeling of transients, supported by multi-band synthetic light curves tailored to survey passbands, can be used as a powerful tool to identify critical epochs of follow-up observations. Our findings are relevant to identifying, prioritizing, and coordinating efficient follow-up of transients discovered by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.
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Fatima, Noshin, Khasan S. Karimov, Farah Adilah Jamaludin e Zubair Ahmad. "Fabrication and Investigation of Graphite-Flake-Composite-Based Non-Invasive Flex Multi-Functional Force, Acceleration, and Thermal Sensor". Micromachines 14, n.º 7 (30 de junho de 2023): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071358.
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This work examines the physics of a non-invasive multi-functional elastic thin-film graphite flake–isoprene sulfone composite sensor. The strain design and electrical characterization of the stretching force, acceleration, and temperature were performed. The rub-in technique was used to fabricate graphite flakes and isoprene sulfone into sensors, which were then analyzed for their morphology using methods such as SEM, AFM, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to examine the device’s surface and structure. Sensor impedance was measured from DC to 200 kHz at up to 20 gf, 20 m/s2, and 26–60 °C. Sensor resistance and impedance to stretching force and acceleration at DC and 200 Hz rose 2.4- and 2.6-fold and 2.01- and 2.06-fold, respectively. Temperature-measuring devices demonstrated 2.65- and 2.8-fold decreases in resistance and impedance at DC and 200 kHz, respectively. First, altering the graphite flake composite particle spacing may modify electronic parameters in the suggested multi-functional sensors under stress and acceleration. Second, the temperature impacts particle and isoprene sulfone properties. Due to their fabrication using an inexpensive deposition technique, these devices are environmentally friendly, are simple to build, and may be used in university research in international poverty-line nations. In scientific laboratories, such devices can be used to teach students how various materials respond to varying environmental circumstances. They may also monitor individuals undergoing physiotherapy and vibrating surfaces in a controlled setting to prevent public health risks.
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Monier-Vinard, Eric, Brice Rogie, Valentin Bissuel, Najib Laraqi, Olivier Daniel e Marie-Cécile Kotelon. "State of the art of thermal characterization of electronic components using computational fluid dynamic tools". International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, n.º 11 (6 de novembro de 2017): 2433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-10-2016-0380.
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Purpose Latest Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs) tools allow modeling more finely the conjugate thermo-fluidic behavior of a single electronic component mounted on a Printed Wiring Board (PWB). A realistic three-dimensional representation of a large set of electric copper traces of its composite structure is henceforth achievable. The purpose of this study is to confront the predictions of the fully detailed numerical model of an electronic board to a set of experiment results to assess their relevance. Design/methodology/approach The present study focuses on the case of a Ball Grid Array (BGA) package of 208 solder balls that connect the component electronic chip to the Printed Wiring Board. Its complete geometrical definition has to be coupled with a realistic board layers layout and a fine description of their numerous copper traces to appropriately predict the way the heat is spread throughout that multi-layer composite structure. The numerical model computations were conducted on four CFD software then compare to experiment results. The component thermal metrics for single-chip packages are based on the standard promoted by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC), named JESD-51. The agreement of the numerical predictions and measurements has been done for free and forced convection. Findings The present work shows that the numerical model error is lower than 2 per cent for various convective boundary conditions. Moreover, the establishment of realistic numerical models of electronic components permits to properly apprehend multi-physics design issues, such as joule heating effect in copper traces. Moreover, the practical modeling assumptions, such as effective thermal conductivity calculation, used since decades, for characterizing the thermal performances of an electronic component were tested and appeared to be tricky. A new approach based on an effective thermal conductivity matrix is investigated to reduce computation time. The obtained numerical results highlight a good agreement with experimental data. Research limitations/implications The study highlights that the board three-dimensional modeling is mandatory to properly match the set of experiment results. The conventional approach based on a single homogenous layer using effective thermal conductivity calculation has to be banned. Practical implications The thermal design of complex electronic components is henceforth under increasing control. For instance, the impact of gold wire-bonds can now be investigated. The three-dimensional geometry of sophisticated packages, such as in BGA family, can be imported with all its internal details as well as those of its associated test board to build a realistic numerical model. The establishment of behavioral models such as DELPHI Compact Thermal Models can be performed on a consistent three-dimensional representation with the aim to minimize computation time. Originality/value The study highlights that multi-layer copper trace plane discretization could be used to strongly reduce computation time while conserving a high accuracy level.
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Buyong, M. R., J. Yunas, A. A. Hamzah, B. Yeop Majlis, F. Larki e N. Abd Aziz. "Design, fabrication and characterization of dielectrophoretic microelectrode array for particle capture". Microelectronics International 32, n.º 2 (5 de maio de 2015): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-10-2014-0041.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to design and characterize the dielectrophoretic (DEP) microelectrodes with various array structure arrangements in order to produce optimum non-uniform electric field for particle capture. The DEP-electrodes with 2D electrode structure was fabricated and characterized to see the effect of electrode structure configuration on the capture capability of the cells suspending in the solution. Design/methodology/approach – The presented microelectrode array structures are made of planar conductive metal structure having same size and geometry. Dielectrophoretic force (FDEP) generated in the fluidic medium is initially simulated using COMSOL Multi-physics performed on two microelectrodes poles, which is then continued on three-pole microelectrodes. The proposed design is fabricated using standard MEMS fabrication process. Furthermore, the effect of different sinusoidal signals of 5, 10 and 15 volt peak to peak voltage (Vpp) at fixed frequency of 1.5 MHz on capturing efficiency of microelectrodes were also investigated using graphite metalloids particles as the suspended particles in the medium. The graphite particles that are captured at the microelectrode edges are characterized over a given time period. Findings – Based on analysis, the capturing efficiency of microelectrodes at the microelectrode edges is increased as voltage input increases, confirming its dependency to the FDEP strength and direction of non-uniform electric field. This dependency to field consequently increases the surface area of the accumulated graphite. It is also showed that the minimum ratio of the surface accumulated area of captured graphite is 1, 2.75 and 9 μm2 for 5, 10 and 15 Vpp, respectively. The simulation result also indicates a significant improvement on the performance of microelectrodes by implementing third pole in the design. The third pole effect the particles in the medium by creating stronger non-uniform electric field as well as more selective force toward the microelectrodes’ edges. Originality/value – The microelectrode array arrangement is found as a reliable method to increase the strength and selectivity of non-uniform electric field distribution that affect FDEP. The presented findings are verified through experimental test and simulation results.
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Reato, Federico Maria, Simone Cinquemani, Claudio Ricci, Jan Misfatto e Matteo Calzaferri. "A Multi-Domain Model for Variable Gap Iron-Cored Wireless Power Transmission System". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 3 (31 de janeiro de 2023): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031820.
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Wireless power transfer (WPT) devices represent one of the most efficient and increasingly used technologies for the transfer of data and power in the near-field range. This work analyzes and describes a new type of device: a ferrite-cored, variable gap, high-frequency power and data transfer system. The classic theoretical models existing in the literature for near-field communication (NFC) and WPT devices have foreseen a lumped-parameters characterization based on the representation of an equivalent circuit model (ECM). The strict interdependence between the different physical domains has clearly increased the difficulty in predicting the behavior of the device, due to the unwanted continuous and chaotic variation of the parameters. The proposed paper aims to provide a general and reliable multi-physics model based on the co-simulation of a Spice®-based ECM analysis and the ESRF Radia®-based 3D finite volume methodology (3DFVM), placing particular emphasis on the intrinsic sensitivity with respect to variables that cannot be directly controlled, such as the variation of the air gap between the coupled coils interfaces. Furthermore, this work outlines a detailed and effective experimental methodology for the estimation of static and dynamic electro-magnetic parameters and the validation of the numerical models in both the time and frequency domain, through the analysis of a real coupled WPT device.
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Sweet, T. K. N., M. H. Rolley, W. Li, M. C. Paul, M. Gao e A. R. Knox. "Experimental characterization and multi-physics simulation of a triple-junction cell in a novel hybrid III:V concentrator photovoltaic–thermoelectric receiver design with secondary optical element". Energy Procedia 142 (dezembro de 2017): 809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.130.
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Serwer, Philip. "A Perspective on Studies of Phage DNA Packaging Dynamics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 14 (16 de julho de 2022): 7854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147854.
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The Special Issue “DNA Packaging Dynamics of Bacteriophages” is focused on an event that is among the physically simplest known events with biological character. Thus, phage DNA (and RNA) packaging is used as a relatively accessible model for physical analysis of all biological events. A similar perspective motivated early phage-directed work, which was a major contributor to early molecular biology. However, analysis of DNA packaging encounters the limitation that phages vary in difficulty of observing various aspects of their packaging. If a difficult-to-access aspect arises while using a well-studied phage, a counterstrategy is to (1) look for and use phages that provide a better access “window” and (2) integrate multi-phage-accessed information with the help of chemistry and physics. The assumption is that all phages are characterized by the same evolution-derived themes, although with variations. Universal principles will emerge from the themes. A spin-off of using this strategy is the isolation and characterization of the diverse phages needed for biomedicine. Below, I give examples in the areas of infectious disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Giuntini, Sabrina, Antonio Andreini, Bruno Facchini, Marco Mantero, Marco Pirotta e Sven Olmes. "Transient 2D FEM-fluid network coupling for thermo-mechanical whole gas turbine engine simulations: modelling features and applications". E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 10012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019710012.
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In order to control the thermo-mechanical stresses that large heavy-duty power generation turbines have to face nowadays in their frequent operational transients, the analysis of the heat transfer between main flow, secondary air systems and structural components has to consider multi-physics coupled interactions, and has to be carried out with a whole engine modelling approach, simulating the entire machine in the real operating conditions. This is fundamental to guarantee a reliable assessment of life timing consumption and optimize clearances and temperature picks, through an efficient secondary air system design. It is here proposed a comprehensive description of modelling features and assumptions needed for the transient thermo-mechanical characterization of the whole engine through the application of a FEM-fluid network coupling methodology developed in collaboration with Ansaldo Energia and based on the open source code CalculiX®. In the present work the transient thermal modelling capability of the procedure will be verified through its application to a real whole engine geometry under a realistic transient cycle, comparing results with those of a reference FEM code.
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Alvarez, Pedro, Amanda Alvarez, Lucy MacGregor, Francisco Bolivar, Robert Keirstead e Thomas Martin. "Reservoir properties prediction integrating controlled-source electromagnetic, prestack seismic, and well-log data using a rock-physics framework: Case study in the Hoop Area, Barents Sea, Norway". Interpretation 5, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2017): SE43—SE60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0097.1.
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We have developed an example from the Hoop Area of the Barents Sea showing a sequential quantitative integration approach to integrate seismic and controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) attributes using a rock-physics framework. The example illustrates a workflow to address the challenges of multiphysics and multiscale data integration for reservoir characterization purposes. A data set consisting of 2D GeoStreamer seismic and towed streamer electromagnetic data that were acquired concurrently in 2015 by PGS provide the surface geophysical measurements that we used. Two wells in the area — Wisting Central (7324/8-1) and Wisting Alternative (7324/7-1S) — provide calibration for the rock-physics modeling and the quantitative integrated analysis. In the first stage of the analysis, we invert prestack seismic and CSEM data separately for impedance and anisotropic resistivity, respectively. We then apply the multi-attribute rotation scheme (MARS) to estimate rock properties from seismic data. This analysis verified that the seismic data alone cannot distinguish between commercial and noncommercial hydrocarbon saturation. Therefore, in the final stage of the analysis, we invert the seismic and CSEM-derived properties within a rock-physics framework. The inclusion of the CSEM-derived resistivity information within the inversion approach allows for the separation of these two possible scenarios. Results reveal excellent correlation with known well outcomes. The integration of seismic, CSEM, and well data predicts very high hydrocarbon saturations at Wisting Central and no significant saturation at Wisting Alternative, consistent with the findings of each well. Two further wells were drilled in the area and used as blind tests in this case: The slightly lower saturation predicted at Hanssen (7324/7-2) is related to 3D effects in the CSEM data, but the positive outcome of the well is correctly predicted. At Bjaaland (7324/8-2), although the seismic indications are good, the integrated interpretation result predicts correctly that this well was unsuccessful.