Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Multi-Modale"
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Bacciaglia, Antonio. "Progetto preliminare di un UAV multi-modale". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9354/.
Texto completo da fonteHanzouli, Houda. "Analyse multi échelle et multi observation pour l'imagerie multi modale en oncologie". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0126/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is a part of the development of more personalized and preventive medicine, for which a fusion of multi modal information and diverse representations of the same modality is needed in order to get accurate and reliable quantification of medical images in oncology. In this study we present two applications for image processing analysis: PET denoising and multimodal PET/CT tumor segmentation. The PET filtering approach called "WCD" take benefit from the complementary features of the wavelet and Curvelets transforms in order to better represent isotropic and anisotropic structures in PET images. This algorithm allows the reduction of the noise while minimizing the loss of useful information in PET images. The PET/CT tumor segmentation application is performed through a Markov model as a probabilistic quadtree graph namely a Hidden Markov Tree (HMT).Our motivation for using such a model is to provide fast computation, improved robustness and an effective interpretational framework for image analysis on oncology. Thanks to two efficient aspects (multi observation and multi resolution), when dealing with Hidden Markov Tree (HMT), we exploit joint statistical dependencies between hidden states to handle the whole data stack. This model called "WCHMT" take advantage of the high resolution of the anatomic imaging (CT) and the high contrast of the functional imaging (PET). The denoising approach led to the best trade-off between denoising quality and structure preservation with the least quantitative bias in absolute intensity recovery. PET/CT segmentation's results performed with WCHMT method has proven a reliable segmentation when providing high Dice Similarity Coeffcient (DSC) with the best trade-off between sensitivity (SE) and positive predictive value (PPV)
Gasquet, Olivier. "Déduction automatique en logique multi-modale par traduction". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30078.
Texto completo da fonteBosisio, Matteo Ricardo. "Imagerie multi-modale haute fréquence de la souris". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066578.
Texto completo da fonteHétu, Sébastien. "Approche écologique et multi-modale pour étudier l'observation d'actions". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25407.
Texto completo da fonteDuring action observation, the perception-action system is responsible for the coupling between the visual and motor representations of observed movement. This coupling induces motor priming effects that could be useful for training the motor system of different clinical populations. This thesis main objective was to test if the effect induced by the observation of simple movements could be obtained during the observation of everyday movements. In order to answer this question, the effect of action observation was studied in healthy subjects using approaches in line with the interests of the rehabilitation domain. Furthermore, we aimed at investigating inter-individual differences in the response to action observation and differences pertaining to the method used to measure this response. Results suggest that the perception-action system is recruited to a greater extend by unfamiliar actions. Our data also indicate that observation of everyday movements can produce anatomically congruent facilitation patterns. Importantly, the magnitude and the pattern of response to action observation greatly vary between individuals. Results also indicate that the facilitation effects can vary depending on the method used to study action observation. Indeed, there seem to be no relation between the behavioral and physiological markers of motor facilitation induced by action observation. Similar to what was shown in studies using simple movements, observing everyday movements can induce a pattern of motor facilitation where the visual representation of the observed movement is associated with its representation in the observer’s motor repertoire. The important inter-individual differences in the effects produced by action observation suggest that some individuals could respond more easily to action observation than others. Hence, identifying patients for whom rehabilitation using action observation could be the most beneficial could ensure a more efficient use of this approach. An important future step in the clinical use of action observation will be the identification of markers that could best predict the clinical improvements produced with action observation.
Zhou, Changwei. "Approche couplée propagative et modale pour l'analyse multi-échelle des structures périodiques". Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0040/document.
Texto completo da fonteStructural dynamics can be described in terms of structural modes as well as elastic wave motions. The mode-based methods are widely applied in mechanical engineering and numerous model order reduction (MOR) techniques have been developed. When it comes to the study of periodic structures, wave description is mostly adopted where periodicity is fully exploited based on the Bloch theory. For complex periodic structures, several MOR techniques conducted on wave basis have been proposed in the literature. In this work, a wave and modal coupled approach is developed to study the wave propagation in periodic structures. The approach begins with the modal description of a unit cell (mesoscopic scale) using Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Subsequently, the wave-based method -Wave Finite Element Method (WFEM) is applied to the structure (macroscopic scale). The method is referred as “CWFEM” for Condensed Wave Finite Element Method. It combines the advantages of CMS and WFEM. CMS enables to analyse the local behaviour of the unit cell using a reduced modal basis. On the other hand, WFEM exploits fully the periodic propriety of the structure and extracts directly the propagation parameters. Thus the analysis of the wave propagation in the macroscopic scale waveguides can be carried out considering the mesoscopic scale behaviour. The effectiveness of CWFEM is illustrated via several one-dimensional (1D) periodic structures and two-dimensional (2D) periodic structures. The criterion of the optimal reduction to ensure the convergence is discussed. Typical wave propagation characteristics in periodic structures are identified, such as pass bands, stop bands, wave beaming effects, dispersion relation, band structure and slowness surfaces...Their proprieties can be applied as vibroacoustics barriers, wave filters. CWFEM is subsequently applied to study wave propagation characteristics in perforated plates and stiffened plate. A homogenization method to find the equivalent model of perforated plate is proposed. The high frequency behaviours such as wave beaming effect are also predicted by CWFEM. Three plate models with different perforations are studied. Experimental validation is conducted on two plates. For the stiffened plate, the influence of internal modes on propagation is discussed. The modal density in the mid- and high- frequency range is estimated for a finite stiffened plate, where good correlation is obtained compared to the mode count from modal analysis
Mastrotto, Francesca. "SVILUPPO DI SISTEMI NANOPARTICELLARI D'ORO PER IL DIREZIONAMENTO MULTI-MODALE AL TUMORE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422856.
Texto completo da fonteIl presente progetto di ricerca ha riguardato lo sviluppo di un nano-sistema intelligente, capace di rispondere selettivamente a stimoli esterni di tipo fisiopatologico con alterazioni morfologiche. Tali sistemi sono stati disegnati per un impiego in diagnostica o nella terapia antitumorale. La responsività di questi sistemi ha lo scopo di migliorare l’ efficienza del direzionamento selettivo e di ridurre la distribuzione aspecifica nei tessuti sani. Sistemi intelligenti sono stati ottenuti a partire da nanoparticelle d’ oro (AuNPs), a cui sono stati associati polimeri responsivi, che conferiscono loro caratteristiche stealth in condizioni fisiologiche in seguito ad iniezione nel torrente circolatorio. E’ noto che l’ interstizio tumorale è aratterizzato da valori di pH e temperatura alterati rispetto al tessuto sano. Di conseguenza, quando il nano-sistema raggiunge il tumore, il rivestimento polimerico può² subire modifiche morfologiche che modulano le proprietà delle nanoparticelle. Questo promuoverà la loro interazione con le superfici biologiche, quali cellule e tessuti. Nel progetto qui discusso, sono state valutate diverse strategie di funzionalizzazione di AuNPs, allo scopo di sviluppare nano-carriers caratterizzati da un direzionamento multi-modale al tumore. Nanoparticelle d’ oro sono state derivatizzate superficialmente con agenti di direzionamento e polimeri termosensibili o pH sensibili, affinchè il riconoscimento selettivo del tessuto tumorale da parte dei nano-carriers sia controllato dalle condizioni di temperatura o di pH circostanti. In condizioni fisiologiche i polimeri presenti sulla superficie delle AuNPs schermano l’ agente di targeting, mentre nel tessuto tumorale grazie alla temperatura o pH alterati, essi collassano determinando l’ esposizione del direzionante e promuovendo l’ endocitosi cellulare. Come conseguenza, il direzionamento multi-modale diminuirà il bio-riconoscimento aspecifico a favore invece della sito-specificità. Le nanoparticelle d’ oro utilizzate in questo progetto sono state prodotte mediante laser ablation in soluzione acquosa, senza utilizzo di sostanze surfattanti e stabilizzanti. Attraverso questo processo controllato e riproducibile si sono ottenute dispersioni di particelle diluite, con diametro medio di 18 nm. Per la funzionalizzazione superficiale di nanoparticelle d’ oro i materiali utilizzati sono stati tiolati, nota l’ elevata capacità di coniugazione di gruppi sulfidrilici su superfici d’ oro metallico. Il primo sistema sviluppato in questo progetto di tesi ha riguardo l’ impiego di nanoparticelle d’ oro in grado di rispondere a stimoli termici. AuNPs sono state modificate superficialmente con biotina-SH e con un polimero termosensibile di 8 kDa, N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide-SH (pNIPAm-co-Am-SH), caratterizzato da una low critical solution temperature (LCST) di 37 °C. Il sistema ottenuto è stato testato mediante saggio enzimatico di tipo ELISA per valutarne la capacità di binding selettivo ad avidina, scelta come modello, in funzione della temperatura. I risultati hanno mostrato che il comportamento del sistema è controllato dalla temperatura, in quanto le nanoparticelle sono in grado di legare l’ avidina solo quando la temperatura è superiore all’ LCST del polimero, ovvero quando il polimero stesso collassa. Lo studio ha inoltre evidenziato che la quantità assoluta di biotina e i rapporti molari biotina/polimero sulla superficie delle nanoparticelle condizionano in modo rilevante le performance del sistema Sulla base delle ottimizzazioni realizzate con le nanoparticelle direzionate con biotina, il sistema è stato modificato superficialmente con acido folico e lo stesso polimero termosensibile (pNIPAm-co-Am-SH), allo scopo di ottenere un direzionamento verso cellule tumorali sovraesprimenti il recettore per il folato (HiFR). Gli studi di stabilità in PBS hanno mostrato come il polimero termosensibile sia indispensabile per impedire l’ aggregazione delle particelle in presenza di sali. A temperatura inferiore all’ LCST del polimero le nanoparticelle sono stabili, ed aggregano solo marginalmente a temperatura superiore. AuNPs termosensibili e funzionalizzate con acido folico sono state testate in vitro su due diverse linee celluari, sovraesprimenti e non il recettore per l’ acido folico. Gli studi hanno mostrato che solo le particelle termosensibili modificate con acido folico e incubate con linee cellulari HiFR, a temperatura superiore all’ LCST del polimero, vengono internalizzate dalle cellule e si distribuiscono nel citosol. Il concetto di targeting multi-modale è stato successivamente ampliato per lo sviluppo di nanoparticelle d’ oro pH-sensibili, utilizzando polimeri in grado di rispondere con cambiamenti morfologici ad alterazioni del pH ambientale. Idealmente, polimeri acido sensibili adeguati allo scopo devono essere solubili ed in conformazione estesa a pH 7.4, ma subire una conversione allo stato globulare insolubile in seguito a protonazione nell’ ambiente acido tumorale. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo sono stati sintetizzati diversi polimeri pH-sensibili, in modo tale da disporre di una gamma di materiali caratterizzati da valori di pKa e cloud point adeguati allo scopo, tra cui poter selezionare il più¹ adatto per la funzionalizzazione superficiale di nanoparticelle d’ oro. I materali sono stati disegnati per conferire alle AuNPs proprietà di acido-sensibilità nel range fisiopatologico. E’ stato selezionato e sintetizzato un monomero acido-sensibile, 2-(metacriloilossi)etil 3-cloro-4-idrossibenzoato (MOECHB), a partire dal quale sono stati poi prodotti polimeri pH responsivi. La metodica adottata per la reazione di polimerizzazione fa parte delle cosiddette tecniche di polimerizzazioni viventi, ovvero la reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). Sono stati sintetizzati un omopolimero e diversi copolimeri sia random che a blocchi utilizzando MOECHB e monomeri idrofilici, nello specifico metossi(polietilenglicole metacrilato) (mPEGMA475), e glicerolo metacrilato (GMA). Tutti i polimeri ottenuti sono stati caratterizzati mediante titolazione potenziometrica per determinarne il pKa, e sottoposti ad analisi turbidimetrica per misurare il punto di intorbidimento (cloud point). Il loro comportamento pH-dipendente è stato inoltre investigato mediante analisi di dynamic light scattering (DLS) effettuate a diversi valori di pH. Sono stati selezionati un copolimero random e due copolimeri a blocchi, composti da MOECHB e GMA, per ulteriori studi di funzionalizzazione di nanoparticelle d’ oro. Infatti questi materiali hanno mostrato una conversione da una forma solubile ad una aggregata insolubile per diminuzione del pH della soluzione da 7.4 a 6.5, che mima le condizioni fisiopatologiche. Un ulteriore copolimero a blocchi di MOECHB con mPEGMA475 sarà valutato, in quanto nelle medesime condizioni ha mostrato modifiche morfologiche, sebbene non si sia osservata la formazione di prodotti insolubili. I risultati delle analisi hanno evidenziato infine che la responsività al pH è modulata dal rapporto molare 2-(metacriloilossi)etil 3-cloro-4-idrossibenzoato/monomero idrofilico nella composizione polimerica, così come dal peso molecolare del polimero.
Abbate, Marta. "Elaborazione di un modello di simulazione per una rete di trasporto multi-modale". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteClérin-Debart, Françoise. "Théories équationnelles et de contraintes pour la démonstration automatique en logique multi-modale". Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN2001.
Texto completo da fonteVerlinde, Patrick. "Contribution à la vérification multi-modale de l'identité en utilisant la fusion de décisions". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005685.
Texto completo da fonteDo, Cao Tri. "Apprentissage de métrique temporelle multi-modale et multi-échelle pour la classification robuste de séries temporelles par plus proches voisins". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM028/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe definition of a metric between time series is inherent to several data analysis and mining tasks, including clustering, classification or forecasting. Time series data present naturally several characteristics, called modalities, covering their amplitude, behavior or frequential spectrum, that may be expressed with varying delays and at different temporal granularity and localization - exhibited globally or locally. Combining several modalities at multiple temporal scales to learn a holistic metric is a key challenge for many real temporal data applications. This PhD proposes a Multi-modal and Multi-scale Temporal Metric Learning (M2TML) approach for robust time series nearest neighbors classification. The solution is based on the embedding of pairs of time series into a pairwise dissimilarity space, in which a large margin optimization process is performed to learn the metric. The M2TML solution is proposed for both linear and non linear contexts, and is studied for different regularizers. A sparse and interpretable variant of the solution shows the ability of the learned temporal metric to localize accurately discriminative modalities as well as their temporal scales.A wide range of 30 public and challenging datasets, encompassing images, traces and ECG data, that are linearly or non linearly separable, are used to show the efficiency and the potential of M2TML for time series nearest neighbors classification
Salim, Soufian Antoine. "Analyse discursive multi-modale des conversations écrites en ligne portées sur la résolution de problèmes". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4074/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe are interested in problem-solving online written conversations. These conversations may be found on online channels such as forums, mailing lists or chat rooms. In the literature, human interactions are usually modelled in terms of dialogue acts. Dialogue acts are typically used to represent the discursive functions of utterances in dialogue. We want to use dialogue acts for the analysis of online written conversations. Well-defined methods and models allowing for the fine-grained analysis of these conversations would represent a solid framework to support different user-assistance and dialogue analysis systems. This would represent an important stake for the customer support industry, but could also be used to improve collaborative assistance platforms that are accessed daily by millions of users. However, current conversations analysis techniques were not developed with written online conversations in mind. It is necessary to adapt existing resources for these conversations. This effort is related to the field of research in computer-mediated conversations (CMC). Our goal is to build a dialogue act model for problem-solving online written conversations, and to offer tools for the automatic recognition of these acts
SARH, KHALID. "Reponse d'une structure multi-modale glissante sous excitation aleatoire. Application au comportement sismique des ponts roulants". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066614.
Texto completo da fonteScholer, Myriam. "Apports de la psychothérapie à médiation multi-modale en réhabilitation psychiatrique : expérience sonore, émotions et cognitions". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0348.
Texto completo da fonteOur research theme relates to the evolution of psychiatric patients on the psychological dimensions of creativity, emotions and cognitions during music psychotherapy within a long-term care psychiatric hospital. The research objectives, carried out via a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology, focus the subject of sound influence on the human body, so as the developement of the therapeutic relationship and latent processes during therapy sessions. Six scientifical studies (articles) are going to compose the content of this thesis : Study 1 : Revealing the creative process in music psychotherapy. Study 2 : The development of observational frames in the arts psychotherapies. Study 3 : The patient’s evolution on the psychological dimension of emotions.Study 4 : The cognitive dimension : Attention and mnestic capacities during the therapeutic process.Study 5 : Structural studies to resume group music psychotherapy intervention. Study 6 : The therapeutic group as a research object in long-term psychiatric care. The results of the studies tend to confirm the existence of a favourable sound impact on psychological dimensions, by taking into account significant differences between the clinical sets of psychotics (schizophrenia) and alcoholo-dependent patients. Finally, reflections on the implementation of specialized psychotherapeutic intervention programmes, adapted to initial diagnosis and patient’s demands, are presented
Couteaux, Vincent. "Apprentissage profond pour la segmentation et la détection automatique en imagerie multi-modale : application à l'oncologie hépatique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAT009.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to characterize hepatic lesions,radiologists rely on several images using different modalities (different MRI sequences, CT scan, etc.) because they provide complementary information.In addition, automatic segmentation and detection tools are a great help in characterizing lesions, monitoring disease or planning interventions.At a time when deep learning dominates the state of the art in all fields related to medical image processing, this thesis aims to study how these methods can meet certain challenges related to multi-modal image analysis, revolving around three axes : automatic segmentation of the liver, the interpretability of segmentation networks and detection of hepatic lesions.Multi-modal segmentation in a context where the images are paired but not registered with respect to each other is a problem that is little addressed in the literature.I propose a comparison of learning strategies that have been proposed for related problems, as well as a method to enforce a constraint of similarity of predictions into learning.Interpretability in machine learning is a young field of research with particularly important issues in medical image processing, but which so far has focused on natural image classification networks.I propose a method for interpreting medical image segmentation networks.Finally, I present preliminary work on a method for detecting liver lesions in pairs of images of different modalities
Roy, Vincent. "Lasers à fibre à synchronisation modale passive par rotation non linéaire de la polarisation : dynamique en régime multi-impulsionnel". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24719/24719.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe work presented herein is primarily concerned with the dynamics of passively mode-locked fiber lasers. The mechanism used for achieving pulse emission relies on nonlinear interferometry (i.e. nonlinear polarization rotation). However, the same mechanism acts as a limiter whenever the pulse power is increased above a given amount, i.e. the wings are subject to a higher gain than the peak of the pulse. The pulse train then becomes unstable and the creation of one or more additional pulses follows from this instability. In this new regime, it is not unusual to observe the formation of coherent states of bound pulses. The nature of the interaction responsible for this phenomenon depends on the amount of dispersion experienced by the pulses along the laser cavity. In the case of a cavity that sustains the formation of solitons, the occurrence of pulse bound states was shown to result from the nonlinear interaction between the pulses and the resonant dispersive waves emitted as a result of the periodic perturbations the solitons undergo on successive cavity round trips. In contrast, for the case of a cavity built from positive and negative dispersion fibers such as to reduce the net dispersion, the sidebands related to the resonant dispersive waves are greatly reduced because of the significant frequency chirp the pulses acquire along each fiber segment. Thus we show here that the formation of pulse bound states results instead from the direct interaction between the multiple pulses since the pulses interfere with one another on a significant part of the laser cavity. In addition, in the same regime, we report the observation of collisions occurring between pulse bound states traveling with different group velocities. This process may result in several outcomes, depending on the changes the bound states undergo during the collisions. In fact, energy and momentum need not be conserved in the process since the laser is a dissipative system. Finally, in the case of collisions that repeat periodically, the acquisition of a sequence of autocorrelations allowed us to verify the peculiar dynamics that characterizes the collision process.
MENICHETTI, DARIO. "Verso modelli di simulazione dei flussi passeggeri del trasporto pubblico per la gestione multi-modale della mobilità in tempo reale". Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/282416.
Texto completo da fonteVoyer, Damien. "Modélisation électromagnétique par changement d'échelle appliquée aux structures fractales planaires". Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000152/.
Texto completo da fonteA method by scale changing is proposed to solve problems of scattering involving planar fractal structures. The modeling at the different scales of these structures follows a recursive process in the same way that it appears in their geometric building. This approach saves a lot of time compared to other numerical methods, notably compared to the method of moments. During projects for the General Delegation for Armament, it has been showed that some wire and planar fractal structures are attractive solutions in the conception of multi-bands chaff for lockbreaking and net for radar camouflage. The method by scale changing is an impressive tool to design these structures. Measurements have been made that confirm numerical results. In particular, a radar has been developed in the laboratory to measure the radar cross section of chaff
Farhat, Hikmat. "Synthèse d'orchestrateur pour la composition de services". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2726/.
Texto completo da fonteThe behavior composition problem is an important aspect in many fields, especially in Service Oriented Computing and in Multi-agent systems. The basic objective is to orchestrate the behavior of the different available components, modeled as labeled transition systems (LTS), in order to satisfy a given goal specification, also modeled as an LTS. A major concern has been the large state space of typical situations which made existing approaches very compute intensive. The aim of this thesis is to develop efficient methods to solve the behavior composition problem. First we study the case when all actions are observable. We develop a characterization of the existence of a solution in term of existence of a relation between the different available components, considered as a single system, on one hand and the goal specification on the other. Using that characterization we develop an on-the-fly algorithm that finds a solution to the problem when one exists. The algorithm is shown to be correct and has polynomial complexity with the respect to the size of the components. We also show that the algorithm is robust with respect to component failure. Then we propose an abstraction method that reduces drastically the number of states. We show that the non-existence of a solution in the abstracted systems implies the non-existence of solution in the original system. Also the result of the abstraction is used as an input to the above algorithm for use as a heuristic to speed up the search. Finally, we develop a characterization of the behavior composition problem in the case of partial observation by using the concept of controllability. We show that a solution to the composition problem with partial observation exists if and only if the components are controllable with respect to the goal specification. We also develop an on-the-fly algorithm to compute the controllability of the system. The complexity of the algorithm is EXPTIME in the size of the components
Amari, Maël. "Etude du confort vibro-acoustique automobile en simulateur". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784843.
Texto completo da fonteRodriguez, Florez Sergio Alberto. "Contributions des systèmes de vision à la localisation et au suivi d'objets par fusion multi-capteur pour les véhicules intelligents". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635330.
Texto completo da fonteVenturini, Luca. "Gemello digitale di un ponte in muratura mediante analisi modale operazionale e algoritmi genetici". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteThioune, Abdoulaye. "Décomposition modale empirique et décomposition spectrale intrinsèque : applications en traitement du signal et de l’image". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1127/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, it is about a study on the time-frequency, time-scale analysis methods and more particularly on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), by first a course on traditional methods from Fourier analysis to wavelets, including the multiresolution representation. The need for precision measurements both in time space and in frequency space has always been a major preoccupation. In fact, the Fourier transformation does not reconcile the frequency description and location in time. The Short-Term Fourier Transform (STFT) and its derivatives - including the spectrogram - have long been the most used in practical applications. It must be recognized that despite its many attractive aspects, these technics are naturally limited by the fact that they were ineffective for non-stationary signals analysis. The wavelet transform has been very successful in recent decades with the large number of its applications in signal and image processing. Despite its effectiveness in the representation and manipulation of signals, even non-stationary, a priori knowledge about the signal to be decomposed is necessary for an appropriate wavelet choice for each type of signal. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a decomposition method of non-stationary or from non-linear systems signals, in an amount of modes, each mode being localized in frequency. This decomposition is associated with a Hilbert-Huang transformation (HHT) to locally extract instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency. It is similar to the wavelet decomposition with the added benefit that constitutes its auto-adaptability. In the remainder of this work, we introduced a new decomposition method based on a spectral decomposition of an interpolation intrinsic operator. The new method called Spectral Decomposition Intrinsic (SID) is auto-adaptive and is more general than the basic principle of Empirical Mode Decomposition. The SID method can produce a dictionary of Spectral Proper Mode Functions (SPMF) that are similar to atoms in sparse representations
Perret, Étienne. "Application de l'approche par changements d'échelle aux circuits planaires hyperfréquences". Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000153/.
Texto completo da fonteAn electromagnetic modeling based on a Scale changing technique formulation has been developed and applied to various microwave planar circuits. This method aims at bypass traditional problems of simulation, related to the multiplicity of scales present in a structure. The multiscale nature of a structure is used to break up this one into sub-structures, still called building blocs of transition. These blocs seem true basic components of any multiscale structure. They characterize the transition of a scale towards another, and are associated with an N-port network. Taking into account the entire problem corresponds to the cascading of these different N-port. The study of MEMS, an active antenna and a phase-shifters cell was carried out. The results obtained, in particular in term of computing time, have confirmed the effectiveness of such an approach compared to the traditional methods
Ghenna, Sofiane. "Approche multimodale pour la conception d’interface à retour tactile à plusieurs doigts". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10115/document.
Texto completo da fonteTactile display devices are used for providing tactile feedback to their users. They can reproduce the illusion of textured surface by controlling the friction between a vibrating surface and a sliding finger on it. For most of these devices, the basic principle is to use a single resonant mode whose frequency and wave form are imposed by the nature of the material and the geometry of the device. The mode is selected to achieve a homogeneous stimulation, and thereby tactile sensation is undifferentiated over the entire surface. The single mode tactile devices are limited for applications which require more varied information on surface.This work introduces a novel approach for tactile feedback based on the superposition of several vibration modes. The modes are excited simultaneously to perform a more complex wave form and are capable to generate multitouch tactile feedback. This approach has been validated for the case of a beam where two vibration modes were superimposed to generate a differentiated tactile simulation with two fingers. Thanks to vector control method applied to a piezoacturator. A tracking system was implemented to give a multitouch illusion based on the positions of the two fingers. This multimodal approach was later extended to the case of a thin plate where different spatial distributions of the displacement have been imposed. The approach developed in this work is also capable to generate and control a travelling wave amplitude and direction. For this reason, we evaluated the interest of travelling waves in touch interfaces. Psychophysical assessments of proposed devices clearly show the interest to use several vibration modes in tactile feedback simulation
Segui, Vasquez Bartolomé. "Modélisation dynamique des systèmes disque aubes multi-étages : Effets des incertitudes". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961270.
Texto completo da fonteHuang, Xingrong. "Optimization of dynamic behavior of assembled structures based on generalized modal synthesis". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC038/document.
Texto completo da fonteNoise and vibration are important topics in the automotive industry for several reasons, including passenger comfort and structural integrity. The main objective of this thesis is to propose a series of appropriate methods to optimize structural system characteristics, so that the vibration and noise can be reduced. To achieve this goal, interface control strategies are employed, including bonding viscoelastic layers onto the most heavily deformed zones and introducing frictional damping devices calibrated on certain resonance frequencies. Such built-up structural systems are numerically investigated via a generalized modal synthesis approach that incorporates several groups of modes. The employed modal synthesis approach consists of several levels of condensation. The first one is on the internal degrees of freedoms (DOFs) of each substructure, and the second condensation is on the branch modes so as to reduce the boundary DOFs among substructures. For coupled fluid-structural systems, a third condensation on the fluid DOFs is suggested. With these condensation techniques, the system dimension can be significantly reduced. The method allows us to obtain the forced response of the structures as well as the pressure variation of the fluids. Additionally, modal parameters characterizing vibration and noise transmission paths can be deduced as mid-stage results. We show that these modal parameters can be used as optimization objective during the interface configuration design. The Pareto front of the optimal design is achieved by employing Kriging approximations followed with an elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm. Another advantage of the modal approach is that a modal overview on the system characteristics is provided by analyzing the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and the aforementioned modal parameters. The modal synthesis approach is further extended to study nonlinear systems. The basic assumption is that the nonlinear modes are weakly coupled. Nonlinear modal parameters, such as modal frequency and modal damping ratio, contain the essential nonlinear information and depend on modal amplitude. The main idea is to compute nonlinear normal modes according to their modal amplitude and superimpose the response of several nonlinear modes to obtain the overall forced response. The method is applied to systems involving Duffing and dry friction nonlinearities. In the case of dry friction, a generalized Masing model is considered to capture the dry friction nature. Both complex modes and real modes are used in the modal synthesis, leading to different frictional damping terms. We show that the nonlinear modal synthesis combined with the generalized Masing model yields a simple, fast and efficient numerical method to describe nonlinear performance of structures with dry friction
Ben-Younes, Hedi. "Multi-modal representation learning towards visual reasoning". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS173.
Texto completo da fonteThe quantity of images that populate the Internet is dramatically increasing. It becomes of critical importance to develop the technology for a precise and automatic understanding of visual contents. As image recognition systems are becoming more and more relevant, researchers in artificial intelligence now seek for the next generation vision systems that can perform high-level scene understanding. In this thesis, we are interested in Visual Question Answering (VQA), which consists in building models that answer any natural language question about any image. Because of its nature and complexity, VQA is often considered as a proxy for visual reasoning. Classically, VQA architectures are designed as trainable systems that are provided with images, questions about them and their answers. To tackle this problem, typical approaches involve modern Deep Learning (DL) techniques. In the first part, we focus on developping multi-modal fusion strategies to model the interactions between image and question representations. More specifically, we explore bilinear fusion models and exploit concepts from tensor analysis to provide tractable and expressive factorizations of parameters. These fusion mechanisms are studied under the widely used visual attention framework: the answer to the question is provided by focusing only on the relevant image regions. In the last part, we move away from the attention mechanism and build a more advanced scene understanding architecture where we consider objects and their spatial and semantic relations. All models are thoroughly experimentally evaluated on standard datasets and the results are competitive with the literature
Döll, Carsten. "La robustesse de lois de commande pour des structures flexibles en aéronautique et espace". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0004.
Texto completo da fonteGaudou, Benoît. "Formalizing social attitudes in modal logic". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/315/.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the most powerful tools to explain and predict an agent's behavior is to describe him thanks to his mental states, such as his beliefs or his intentions. In Artificial Intelligence, many researchers have focused on the formalization in modal logic of these individual mental attitudes, in order to use them in artificial agents. Lots of examples, such as: " The government believes that war will begin soon. ", highlight the fact that attitudes, and beliefs in particular, can be ascribed to a group of agents. Besides it is interesting to notice that, even if the government as a whole believes that war will begin soon, some government members can disagree privately. The first aim of this dissertation is to provide a logical framework to represent the concept of group belief and to describe its features and its links with individual mental attitudes. It also appears that group belief in this sense results from a debate between group members. The second aim of this dissertation is thus to highlight the close link existing between group belief, dialog and speech acts
Francony, Jean Marc. "Modélisation du dialogue et représentation du contexte d'interaction dans une interface de dialogue multi-modes dont l'un des modes est dédié à la langue naturelle écrite". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21038.
Texto completo da fonteThe problems posed by the representation of the interaction context in the dialogue systeme of a multi-modal man-machine interface are art the origin of the aim of this thesis which is a study of a focusing mechanism which. The emphasis is on the anchoring of the focusing mechanism in the intervention surface. In the model we propose, anchorage is expressed at each mode level in terms of a thematic model similar to the one we proposed for natural language in this thesis. This thematic model is based on work by the prague school of formal linguistics whose hypotheses concerning the communicative function have been adopted. The thematic model allows for an utterance to translate its enunciated dynamism into a degree of activation on its knowledge representation. This model has been extended to discourse representation on the basis of a hypothesis concerning textual cohesion (which can be found for instance in anaphorical or elliptical inter-utterance relation). From this point of view, synergy of modes can be expressed as the fusion of representations of modal segments. In the focusing model, cohesion relations are considered as pipes propagating activation. This work is at the origin of the context management system implemented in the project mmi2 (esprit project 2474)
Akkari, Samy. "Contrôle d'un système multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) et étude des interactions entre les réseaux AC et le réseau MTDC". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC069/document.
Texto completo da fonteHVDC transmission systems are largely used worldwide, mostly in the form of back-to-back and point-to-point HVDC, using either thyristor-based LCC or IGBT-based VSC. With the recent deployment of the INELFE HVDC link between France and Spain, and the commissioning in China of a three-terminal HVDC transmission system using Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), a modular design of voltage source converters, the focus of the scientific community has shifted onto the analysis and control of MMC-based HVDC transmission systems. In this thesis, the average value models of both a standard 2-level VSC and an MMC are proposed and the most interesting difference between the two converter technologies -the control of the stored energy in the MMC- is emphasised and explained. These models are then linearised, expressed in state-space form and validated by comparing their behaviour to more detailed models under EMT programs. Afterwards, these state-space representations are used in the modelling of HVDC transmission systems, either point-to-point or Multi-Terminal HVDC (MTDC). A modal analysis is performed on an HVDC link, for both 2-level VSCs and MMCs. The modes of these two systems are specifed and compared and the independent control of the DC voltage and the DC current in the case of an MMC is illustrated. This analysis is extended to the scope of a 5-terminal HVDC system in order to perform a stability analysis, understand the origin of the system dynamics and identify the dominant DC voltage mode that dictates the DC voltage response time. Using the Singular Value Decomposition method on the MTDC system, the proper design of the voltage-droop gains of the controllers is then achieved so that the system operation is ensured within physical constraints, such as the maximum DC voltage deviation and the maximum admissible current in the power electronics. Finally, a supplementary droop "the frequency-droop control" is proposed so that MTDC systems also participate to the onshore grids frequency regulation. However, this controller interacts with the voltage-droop controller. This interaction is mathematically quantified and a corrected frequency-droop gain is proposed. This control is then illustrated with an application to the physical converters of the Twenties project mock-up
Hadi, Abdine. "Leveraging Transformer-Based Language Models to Bridge the Gap Between Language and Specialized Domains". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX020.
Texto completo da fonteThe era of transformer-based language models has led the way in a new paradigm in Natural Language Processing (NLP), enabling remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks from both fields Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG). This dissertation delves into the transformative potential of transformer-based language models when applied to specialized domains and languages. It comprises four distinct research endeavors, each contributing to the overarching goal of enhancing language understanding and generation in specialized contexts.To address the scarcity of non-English pretrained language models in both general and specialized domains, we explore the creation of two language models JuriBERT and GreekBART. JuriBERT is a set of French legal domain-specific BERT models tailored to French text, catering to the needs of legal professionals. JuriBERT is evaluated on two French legal tasks from the court of cassation in France. The findings underscore that certain specialized tasks can be better addressed with smaller domain-specific models compared to their larger generic counterparts. We equally introduce GreekBART, the first Greek Seq2Seq model. Being based on BART, these models are particularly well-suited for generative tasks. We evaluate GreekBART's performance against other models on various discriminative tasks and assess its capabilities in NLG using two Greek generative tasks from GreekSUM, a novel dataset introduced in this research. We show GreekBART to be very competitive with state-of-the-art BERT-based multi-lingual and mono-lingual language models such as GreekBERT and XLM-R.We dive next into the domain of semantics by leveraging the transformer-based contextual embeddings to solve the challenging problem of Word Sense Induction (WSI). We propose a novel unsupervised method that utilizes invariant information clustering (IIC) and agglomerative clustering to enrich and cluster the target word representations. Extensive evaluation on two WSI tasks and multiple pretrained language models demonstrates the competitiveness of our approach compared to state-of-the-art baselines.Finally, we introduce Prot2Text framework, a multi-modal approach for generating proteins’ functions in free text by combining three modalities: protein structure, protein sequence and natural language. Prot2Text advances protein function prediction beyond traditional classifications. Integrating Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) in an encoder-decoder framework. Empirical evaluation on a multi-modal protein dataset showcases the effectiveness of Prot2Text, offering powerful tools for function prediction in a wide range of proteins
Chekhchoukh, Abdessalem. "Substitution visuelle par électro-stimulation linguale : étude des procédés affectant la qualité de perception". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS035/document.
Texto completo da fonteOur perception of the world is by essence multimodal. Various sensory cues (vision, hearing, touch, etc.) are hence integrated to allow us the execution of daily life activities. When one sense organ is missing or impaired, in some circumstances, the central nervous system can replace or reinforce the missing sensory information by using reliable sensory information coming from an other intact sense organ. This doctoral thesis was designed to explore this so-called ‘sensory substitution' concept through the exploitation of a visual-to-tactile sensory substitution device. the Tongue Display Unit (TDU) is made of a 12x12 electro-tactile matrix capable of rendering visual scences on the dorsal part of the tongue.However, the effectiveness of this device suffers from numerous drawbacks among which two main problems : (i) the problem of ‘fading' (mitigation) which corresponds to a rapid loss of perception of electrostimulation signal by the individuals and (ii) the problem of multimodal fusion. In the present work, we propose to investigate these problems and their effects on the quality of perception, by (i) applying some eye-inspired mechanisms (micro-saccades) to the electro-tactile signal on the tongue, (ii) studying how individuals perceive a picture signal with multi-modal perceptual (visual stimulus + substitution on the tongue) and (iii) the effect produced contradictions of information in this context.This work evidence the importance of applying saccades and sparkle mechanisms in electro-tactile signal to resolve the problem of fading especially when stimulation periods are relatively long. Furthermore, the experiments we have conducted on multi-modal perception and contradictions suggested that the perception of image information through the TDU was comparable to that of vision. Finally, we were able to identify a conflicting information fusion effect between visual perception and electrotactile tongue perception. This phenomenon is known as Mc Gurck effect (fusion of visual and auditory information). Understanding the effect of these processes to improve the quality of perception through the visual substitution paradigm and the importance of multi-modal fusion effects during this thesis could be applied in various areas where these effects are present or required, especially in the emerging field of prosthetic vision
Vaunois, J. R. "Modélisation de la durée de vie des barrières thermiques, par le développement et l'exploitation d'essais d'adhérence". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010448.
Texto completo da fonteGaume, Benjamin. "Réduction d'un problème d’auto-rayonnement par modes de branche : application aux échanges thermiques dans un domaine multi-enceintes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE034/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the sector of maritime transport of Liquid Natural Gas (LNG), a major issue is the risk of mechanical failure linked to too cold vessel walls. Thus, the design of LNG carrier requires precise expertise of temperatures fields. These are complex structures made up of a large number of enclosures. To obtain these fields it may require many hours of calculations,particularly if we take in account the radiations. The aim of this thesis is to present a method to solve in a few minutes all of thermal phenomena (conduction, convection and radiation) on a big structure and obtain transient temperature’s fields.The method of modal reduction used here consist to create a reduced model composed of individual temperature fields called modes allowing a very quick resolution with minor error. It has been shown the truth of the method on a vessel portion and there are plans to develop the method to the entire ship
Faucher, Vincent. "Méthodes de réduction en dynamique explicite multi-échelles pour l'analyse des structures complexes sous impact". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018792.
Texto completo da fonteNiang, Oumar. "Décomposition Modale Empirique : Contribution à la Modélisation Mathématique et Application en Traitement du Signal et de l'Image". Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878354.
Texto completo da fonteTiegna, Huguette. "Contribution à la modélisation analytique des machines synchrones à aimants permanents, à flux axial, à entraînement direct en vue de leur dimensionnement : application aux éoliennes". Thesis, Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0017/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with the search for innovative structures of generators for the offshore wind turbines reaching about ten megawatts and their design. The direct drive, axial flux, permanent magnet synchronous machines are the ones which have more energy potential for these future high power offshore wind turbines. The study of these axial flux machines required the development of a fast analytical design help tool with a good accuracy for their analysis and their design. To do so, a new approach of quasi-3D magnetic analytical modeling, which takes into account 3D effects (end effects and variations of magnets forms in the rotor) is then developed and confirmed by a 3D finite elements method. Its mathematical approach is based on the formal solution of Maxwell’s equations, in low permeability regions of the machine, by the separation of variables method. Coupled with a nodal thermal modelling and the evaluation of losses, this work succeeds in a multi-physical design tool for axial flux machines with an excellent computation time to accuracy ratio
Corradi, Grégoire. "Approches numérique et expérimentale pour des structures à interfaces frottantes : Application au crissement de frein". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC044.
Texto completo da fonteBrake systems are sometimes prone to squeal noise, which is due to friction-induced self-sustained vibrations, characterized by a set of frequencies above 1kHz. Those vibrations and resulting noises are a source of perturbations for car occupants, which can be nowadays considered as a health issue.This thesis deals with a global strategy to better understand this phenomenon from an experimental point of view and to propose the prediction of squeal noise by numerical approaches. Moreover, experimental observations of squeal occurrences are analyzed to lead to assumptions about the modelisation of numerical finite element models for squeal prediction. A Double Modal Synthesis is also applied to reduce the size of the discrete finite element model of brake system and to save computational time and ressources. The proposed numerical approach starts with a stability analysis with the classical CEA method. Then the determination of nonlinear self-excited vibrations are performed for the unstable cases detected via the CEA method. Finally the acoustic field emitted by the brake system is computed to predict squeal noise.Specific tools are applied for each computational step to assess the efficiency of reduced model versus the reference model: criteria based on the mean error on eigenvalues and the Modal Assurance Criterion analysis (MAC) are used for the stability analysis; comparisons of the limit cycles, spectrograms and the modal contributions of unstable modes are undertaken for the transient responses; patterns of the acoustic intensity are computed on several observations surfaces and a decomposition based on the theory of 2D wavelets is introduced and applied to assess the convergence of patterns
Cevallos, Sakdavong Nancy del Rocio. "Extension de la coopération entre agents à la déduction distribuée : application à l'environnement multi-agent SYNERGIC". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30244.
Texto completo da fonteRobert, Damien. "Efficient learning on large-scale 3D point clouds". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2003.
Texto completo da fonteFor the past decade, deep learning has been driving progress in the automated understanding of complex data structures as diverse as text, image, audio, and video. In particular, transformer-based models and self-supervised learning have recently ignited a global competition to learn expressive textual and visual representations by training the largest possible model on Internet-scale datasets, with the help of massive computational resources. This thesis takes a different path, by proposing resource-efficient deep learning methods for the analysis of large-scale 3D point clouds.The efficiency of the introduced approaches comes in various flavors: fast training, few parameters, small compute or memory footprint, and leveraging realistically-available data.In doing so, we strive to devise solutions that can be used by researchers and practitioners with minimal hardware requirements.We first introduce a 3D semantic segmentation model which combines the efficiency of superpoint-based methods with the expressivity of transformers. We build a hierarchical data representation which drastically reduces the size of the 3D point cloud parsing problem, facilitating the processing of large point clouds en masse. Our self-attentive network proves to match or even surpass state-of-the-art approaches on a range of sensors and acquisition environments, while boasting orders of magnitude fewer parameters, faster training, and swift inference.We then build upon this framework to tackle panoptic segmentation of large-scale point clouds. Existing instance and panoptic segmentation methods need to solve a complex matching problem between predicted and ground truth instances for computing their supervision loss.Instead, we frame this task as a scalable graph clustering problem, which a small network is trained to address from local objectives only, without computing the actual object instances at train time. Our lightweight model can process ten-million-point scenes at once on a single GPU in a few seconds, opening the door to 3D panoptic segmentation at unprecedented scales. Finally, we propose to exploit the complementarity of image and point cloud modalities to enhance 3D scene understanding.We place ourselves in a realistic acquisition setting where multiple arbitrarily-located images observe the same scene, with potential occlusions.Unlike previous 2D-3D fusion approaches, we learn to select information from various views of the same object based on their respective observation conditions: camera-to-object distance, occlusion rate, optical distortion, etc. Our efficient implementation achieves state-of-the-art results both in indoor and outdoor settings, with minimal requirements: raw point clouds, arbitrarily-positioned images, and their cameras poses. Overall, this thesis upholds the principle that in data-scarce regimes,exploiting the structure of the problem unlocks both efficient and performant architectures
Kaci, Anis. "Méthodologie de commande de vibrations multimodales par modulation-démodulation synchrone : application au retour tactile "multi-touch"". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I025.
Texto completo da fonteIncluding a new type of feedback in human-machine interfaces can be interesting for users. In addition to the audiovisual feedback, the integration of a tactile feedback on a virtual keyboard for example allows to increase the typing speed and accuracy of the users. There is a method to produce localized tactile sensations on a thin plate by exciting the modes of the structure. To achieve this, it is necessary to ensure a precise transient state for each of the controlled modes, despite the different disturbance sources. The objective of this thesis is to improve the robustness of this type of tactile feedback device by using closed-loop control. The methodology proposed in this thesis consists in controlling in closed loop the amplitude and the phase of a vibration mode using a modulated-demodulated control. We propose a dynamical model of a vibration mode in the demodulated base and we establish a systematic approach for calculating the controller gains based on the Linear Quadratic Regulator. We develop a method based on modal filtering for the generalization of modulated-demodulated control in the case of multimodal control.This filtering method exploits the spatial and frequency properties of the modes to reconstruct the modal coordinates of the different controlled modes, where each mode has its own modulated-demodulated control block. We apply and validate experimentally the techniques proposed on the case of a beam and then we extend the concept on the case of a thin plate
Chebbi, Houssem. "Méthode des coordonnées curvilignes pour la modélisation électromagnétique des matériaux complexes : application au contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault des matériaux composites The fast computation of eddy current distribution and probe response in homogenized composite material based on semi-analytical approach Investigation of layer interface model of multi-layer structure using semi-analytical and FEM analysis for eddy current pulsed thermography". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST004.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral thesis work, carried out within the Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling for Electromagnetics (LSME) of CEA List, is part of the “NDTonAir” European project funded under the action “H2020-MSCA-ITN -2016- GRANT 722134”. The main goal of the project is the development of a fast and accurate simulation tool for the non-destructive eddy current testing of homogenized composite materials. As an application case, we are particularly interested in the orientation of the fibers on the one hand, and on the other hand, in defects as delamination which are manifested by a local geometrical deformation of the interfaces. The semi-analytical methods existing in the literature, based on Green's Dyad formalism, have been limited so far to multilayered and planar structures. To introduce local variations in geometry at the interfaces, we propose an innovative approach based on a change of coordinates adapted to the profile of the local perturbation. We propose a powerful numerical model based on the covariant formalism of Maxwell's equations. This unifying formalism takes in the anisotropy of specimen and the local deformations of the interfaces. The curvilinear coordinate method is usually used to solve diffraction problems on rough interfaces in the high frequency domain (diffraction on gratings). This thesis work is inspired by Fourier Modal Methods and proposes new tools which have been adapted to the field of eddy currents. The extension of the curvilinear coordinate method to the field of eddy currents non-destructive testing technique of composites constitutes the innovation of this work. Two numerical models have been developed to calculate the interaction of the field emitted by an eddy current probe with a multilayered composite material. The numerical model developed for the evaluation of planar composite exploits the particular structures of sparse matrices to reduce the computation time without limiting the number of modes used for the modal expansion of the field. In the case of the curvilinear profiles of the interfaces, the model makes it possible to treat parallel interfaces and some particular cases of non-parallel profiles. The general case of non-identical profiles presents some limitations which require the development of complementary numerical tools. Finally, several testing configurations were considered and the numerical results produced by the models were compared to finite element simulated data. Some experiments were carried out in foreign partner laboratories to increase our experience on experimental validation
Garciaherreros, Ivan. "Méthode de modélisation et de commande des systèmes de positionnement multi-actionnés de type axe en Gantry". Phd thesis, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00703721.
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