Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord"
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Kassem, Mohamad. "Le risque de faillite et la productivité des banques commerciales au Moyen-Orient et l'Afrique du Nord". Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1167.
Texto completo da fonteThe study aims at examining both the probability of default and the efficiency of commercial banks in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) by adopting different models. This study is based on the cornerstone that the banks in this region are performing well, while their ability to have investment-grade rating is limited. In this dissertation, an assessment of fragility of banks operating in the MENA covering seven years (2005-2011) of data, using the Z-score technique is conducted. The results yielded have reflected that the banks in the sample do not suffer from a major weakness as the Z-score is high. Nevertheless, the researcher used the Stochastic Cost Frontier (SCF) to examine the efficiency of banks in this region by employing the same sample. This technique takes into consideration both risk and performance. The results have shown that the efficiency scores are equal to 81% for the entire sample. These results are very similar to those found for U. S. And European banks in the Developed countries
Youssef, Darin. "Environnement institutionnel, stabilité bancaire et croissance économique dans les pays du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD049/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has witnessed many institutional and financial reforms meant to stimulate economic development. While traditional theories of economic growth promote capital accumulation and technological progress as fundamental determinants of economic development, studies that gave birth to the “new institutional economics” stress the major contribution of institutional development to economic development. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the role of institutional quality and financial regulation in the process of financial development and economic growth in the MENA region since the 1980s. Based on recent and adequate econometric models, this dissertation answers the following questions: What is the role played by institutional quality and banking regulation in explaining capital, risk and efficiency adjustments in the banking system of the MENA region? Is there a positive and significant effect of institutional quality on banking and economic development? Can inter-country differences in terms of economic performance be explained by institutional factors? significant effect on bank capital, excessive risk taking and efficiency of banks operating in the MENA region; (ii) Banking regulation has a positive and significant effect on banking development, and there is positive and significant interdependence between economic growth and banking development; (iii) the impact of institutional quality is stronger in countries that witnessed a weak growth rate on average compared to fast-growing countries where the institutional effect is not significant
Rafie, Hossein. "Le pétrole du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord dans les relations internationales : des années 1970 à nos jours". Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10023.
Texto completo da fontePetroleum is not purly an economical product, its main role in world economy and its concentration in Middle East and North Africa (two third of world reserves) made influence international politics. Knowing the nature of the region, petroleum and politics make one. The politicization of oil of the region starts, first of all, with the efforts of some powers, through their companies to dominate oil countries, which by reaction incites these countries to eliminate foreign domination and establish their national control on oil matters. The situation is changing progressively. The position of productive states got stronger with the beginning of the 1970th which permitted the use of oil, in a way relatively efficient, as an instrument of power. Consequently the balance of power shifted deeply in the favour of producers. On this basis, the argument consists of three parts: the first puts theoric bases - theory of economical arme - and defines geographical and historical environnement of the research. The second part studies the period of force of the oil countries, from the fourth israelo-arabe war and oil embargo that followed it, to the end of the second oil slump. The third part explains the shift of power on the international scene and the relative decline of oil power for the states of the region. The analysis of impact of the oil slump in 1986 and the mini-impact of the second Persian Golf war, quickly dominates, lead to clear the actual situation and out, line the view-point of the future
Siraj, Ahmed. "L'Afrique du Nord antique d'après les sources arabes du Moyen Âge : histoire et géographie historique : exemple : le Maroc septentrional". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010575.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the features of Maghreb in modern historiography is the "discontinuity" of its history. This characteristic is very clear especially for the era which separate the end of the antiquity from the beginning of the middle-age. By taking the north of Morocco as an example, this research tempts to restore the ties betwen the tow periods. From a new reading of the medieval arabic sources, this work aims at the research for new data concerning the history and archeology of the antique period on the one hand, and the examination of the image of this history as it was reconstructed and elaborated by the arab historians, on the other. Thus, this thesis is constituted of tow principal axes : first, we have analysed the totality of the learnings of the rabic writers relative to the maghribian antiquities in comparison with the data of the classical sources, then, we have studied the geographical texts to draw the informations concerning the vestiges of the antique periode. Both on the historical level and the on that of the historical geography, this study allows to apen new perspectives for other researches in the future
Zeineddine, Maya. "Sécurité et Efficacité à Long Terme des Thérapies Modificatrices de la Maladie à Haute Efficacité chez les Patients Atteints de Sclérose en Plaques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0082.
Texto completo da fonteMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, leading to significant disability among affected individuals. The treatment landscape for MS has evolved over the past decades, with the introduction of various high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). This thesis investigates the long-term safety and efficacy of these therapies, particularly in the context of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The research involves a comprehensive analysis of treatment accessibility, barriers to therapy, and the clinical outcomes of MS patients in this region. It includes five studies that explore the availability and accessibility of DMTs, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MS management, and the comparison of natalizumab with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. The findings underscore significant disparities in treatment access and the need for targeted regional strategies to improve MS management. Furthermore, the research contributes to the global understanding of MS by providing insights into the long-term outcomes of high-efficacy DMTs in a real-world setting
Khalifa, Mohamed. "Approches organologiques et musicales des rebabs de l’Afrique du nord et du Moyen-Orient". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040159.
Texto completo da fonteAncestor of the medieval rebec, the emblem of the Arab-Andalusian music or the favorite instrument of the Arabics Bedouins for the accompaniment of their narratives and their poems, the rebab, under its various variants, still plays several roles and functions which differ from each people and each region. This thesis aims at the in-depth study of the rebabs of North Africa and the Middle East. Every variant of this instrument is studied on more than a plan: history, organology, musical and even acoustic. The classification and the museology of this instrument, with its various variants, are also approached on this work. The interest of this thesis, lives in the in-depth study of the various types of this instrument, as well as in the existing links between them, because we think that today, as for the 'ud or any other instrument, it would be necessary to have a global scientific approach about the rebab
Ghanem, Darine. "Politique Monétaire et Régimes de change dans les pays du Moyen Orient et d'Afrique du Nord". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10016/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis lies within the debate about the role of the exchange rate regime and the monetary policy. It develops an empirical analysis in 17 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Contrary to the widespread tenet of the superiority of corner regimes, MENA countries have often chosen intermediate regimes. This raises two questions: first what are the reasons for the choice of an intermediate regime? Second how do these countries perform in macroeconomic terms? In this research we bring about material for answering these two questions. The first chapter deals with the choice of the exchange rate regime. We test the main factors suggested by the theory. The empirical analysis confirms the role of factors that are related to the fear of floating hypothesis. In the second chapter we assess the impact on inflation of the choice of an exchange rate regime. The adoption of a fixed exchange rate regime is often motivated by the desire to keep inflation under control, although the success is not guaranteed. The empirical analysis shows that low inflation is rather associated to a de facto stable exchange rate than a formal fixed exchange rate. The third chapter analyses the effect of exchange rate flexibility on growth. The conventional theory states that flexible exchange rates have a stabilizing effect. But an excess in exchange rate volatility may undermine the real macroeconomic performance. In fact the dollarisation of public and private debts generates the fear of floating observed in MENA countries, and reduces the capacity to resort to this instrument. The fourth chapter develops an assessment of monetary and exchange rate policy in Syria in the 2000 decade
Karimi, Takanlou Zahra. "Le financement du déficit budgétaire (taxe d'inflation et seigneuriage) et effet d'éviction : une recherche empirique sur quatre pays de la région MENA (l'Iran, la Turqui, la Tunisie et le Maroc)". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0015.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis firstly checks, from an empirical and theoretical point of view, the potential usefulness of recent research on budget deficit financing by using a sample of four MENA countries (Iran, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco); secondly, it develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in terms of a crowding out effect on the activity of the private sector of the economy. The analysis in terms of budget deficit financing by borrowing abroad, domestic borrowing and seignorage, taking account the specificity of the countries offer an operative framework to discuss the fiscal policy of these countries. The results of the chapter four, in terms of qualification of seignorage, show that seignorage is an important source for budget deficit financing in Iran and Turkey. Also, the analysis of the crowding out effects, confirm the existence of this phenomena in Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco. Furthermore, these countries having been confronted with a rapid augmentation of budget deficit in the period of 1970-2006, a fiscal consolidation over the medium term is necessary in order to alleviate their budgets deficits. Also, a prudent public financing and debt management is needed to support the fiscal adjustment in these countries
Grolleau-Couton, Magali. "La politique arabo-musulmane de l'Union indienne (1947-1974), Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord". Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3054.
Texto completo da fonteFakhri, Naziha. "Régime de change, monnaie d’ancrage et relations commerciales : le cas des pays du MOAN". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24003.
Texto completo da fonteFerjani, Zouhair. "L’ouverture économique à la mondialisation pour les pays du Moyen Orient et de l’Afrique du Nord". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV018.
Texto completo da fonteStudying the factors affecting growth for Middle East and North African countries in a context of globalization imply taking into account the effects of trade openness, financial openness, specialization and the quality of institutions as main determinants of growth. In following this purpose, we studied the effect of financial development which is sensitive to quality of institutions and contingent to degree of financial openness of a country. As well as financial openness, trade openness could be an important factor for growth especially for developing countries. Therefore, free trade implies the need for specialization in a set of products and services for which a country has an advantage over its trading partners. Finally, combined financial openness and trade openness are likely to be more effective in stimulating growth according to the hypothesis of Rajan and Zingales (2003) that we propose to test for the Middle East and North African countries
Al, Besso Moussab. "Recherches archéozoologiques sur le Levant nord à l'âge du fer". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2078.
Texto completo da fonteThis work, an archaeozoological study, deals with the food economy of an Iron Age settlement, relying on the faunal remains from the site of Tell Tweini as its prime source. It also endeavours to analyse the way animals were exploited at the time in the Levantine area. In the Iron Age, animal economy was based on the breeding of domestic animals, chiefly ovicaprids and bovines, and on taking advantage of the various products it generated (meat, milk, wool, skin, etc.). Hunting and fishing had a part as well in the sustenance of Iron Age populations and provided a food supplement. The archaeozoological analysis contributes to highlighting the breeders’ know-how in running livestock and the special status held by certain animal species in the areas of commerce – especially equids and dromedaries – or of ritual life.Although general trends in the eating habits of Levant populations could be brought to light in the course of the present study, numerous specificities displayed by the remains of the different sites are worth mentioning. These can be the outcome of several factors, such as environment (i.e. climate conditions, vegetation, reliefs), the socio-political system or economic choices
Louvet, Marie-Violaine. "L'Irlande et le Moyen-Orient 1967-2013, lectures domestiques, discours politiques et solidarités transnationales". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030145.
Texto completo da fonteThe starting-point of the writing of this thesis is the observation of the strong commitment of a layer of Irish civil society – from the man on the street to political parties, associations and trade unions – to the defence of one antagonist or the other in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, ever since the Six Day War in 1967, which aroused international indignation. This phenomenon is particularly striking in Northern Ireland, where Israeli and Palestinian flags have been flown by Unionists and Nationalists as signs of solidarity and identification. The purpose of this research is to look into the origins and the evolutions of such expressions of transnational solidarity, by defining the multifaceted Irish approach to the Middle-East question. This approach is based on a prism of domestic readings of the conflict, originating from different conceptions of Irish history. Indeed, the intermingling of the sometimes contradictory readings of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict feeds into the Irish political debate, revolving around the supposedly postcolonial identity of Ireland. This thesis develops an analysis of the transnational solidarity in Ireland with Israel and Palestine, be it at a national or supranational level, from political parties, trade unions and civil associations. It endeavours to cast light on the factors which structure the Irish domestication of the conflict in the Middle East, be they historical and connected to the very identity of the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland, or strategic, diplomatic and religious. The political exploitation of the conflict in Irish republican propaganda from the beginning of the 1970s, bolstered by connections with Palestinian resistance movements, and the more recent pro-Israeli response particularly within Unionism, which have never been analysed together in a comparative way, are at the core of this research
Niquin, Géraldine. "Répartitions fonctionnelle et personnelle du revenu : une analyse de décomposition de l'inégalité appliquée à la région MENA". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24022.
Texto completo da fonteConsidering the two approaches of income distribution theory functional and personal approaches, the aim of this thesis is to provide an analysis of determinants of income distribution in two countries of the MENA region : Egypt and Morocco. Using household surveys data and applying an analytical framework based on traditional inequality decomposition methods and regression-based decomposition technics recently developed, we investigate the sources of inequality and quantify the contributions of functional and personal attributes to income inequality
Enayati, Fatemeh. "Les dépenses publiques et croissance économique dans les pays en développement : le cas de quelques pays de la région MENA". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0039.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this study is to highlight the effects of public spending on economic growth in selected countries of the Middle East and North African region. The first hypothesis of our research was therefore to examine the effect of the size of the state , or more specifically, to test the effects of public spending on economic growth in these countries, therefore the dependent variable is GDP growth per capita. Our empirical results based on panel data method show indeed a negative effect of the size of the state (measured by government consumption expenditure) on the economic growth in 21 countries of the region. The expansion in size of the state means a reduced presence of the private sector in economic activities, less competition, and sometimes leads to the inefficiency of the public sector, normally accompanied by corruption and rent seeking in these countries, a phenomenon that hampers economic growth. Our second hypothesis is to test the existence of a Beta convergence among these countries. In all of the regressions of our empirical study, the per capita GDP coefficient during the period (t-1) is negative and significant, implying that countries with higher GDP per capita, will have lower GDP per capita in average in the following periods. We also used some other key variables affecting growth and economic development, in other words to identify public spending enhancing growth in Middle East, North African countries. Therefore we have integrated the variable of public spending on research and development, public health spending and also the unemployment rate which captures the effect of "human capital" on economic growth. Empirical results show a significant and positive effect of public spending of Research and Development on economic growth and a negative and significant effect of unemployment rate
Ouhab-Alathamneh, Nassima. "Les États de la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord et la rente pétrolière : de la dépendance aux stratégies alternatives". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB185/document.
Texto completo da fonteMore than fifty years after their independence, most of the countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are still subject to the revenue generated by the export of hydrocarbons. They have difficulty to develop their economy in spite of their important capacities (natural and human). The IWD in those petroleum countries in this region is lower than some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Nowadays, Governments are facing to unemployment, corruption, informal economy, etc. And, the clear depletion of oil in the future, as the falling oil prices since 2014, are critical reasons to encourage Governments in a reflexion on the post-oil, through the promoting of national and international investments, the diversification of lines of business, non-hydrocarbons, as agriculture, industry or tourism. Mutations in MENA region, not only popular uprising in 2011 but also the advance of Islamic State, are a brake on economical reforms started in Libya, Iraq (since 2003) and Yemen. The rivalries between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and Algeria and Saudi Arabia damage the intra-regional cooperation. That is why those regional countries have to connect and collaborate, on economical and political subjects, in order to develop the economy of the entire region
Shawi, Manar M. H. Al. "Les États-Unis d'Amérique du nord face au conflit israe͏̈lo-arabe". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10041.
Texto completo da fonteAcross israelo aliance, across military economic's support and politic, the united-states of america do of the israelian-states, the only regional's big power. Paralely, the united-states dont process to the conflict regulation with pacific's manner and arabe's-states; exception to the israelo-egyptian's peace agreement. It's in this sence an america politic's study will be an study model of the states strategie in the world. This study end, in a first part concerning the american politic's structure, we try to give to the readers an answer on the intern and extern's fondment of the israelo-arab's conflict : the impact's element of the soviet-american's conflict, economic's interest, influence groups of the american's pressure, american's opinion and the medias will be an big help. There, the institution frament's study across the presidence, the officy and the assembly, will permit a part, to collect the aptitude and the manner whose the american's supply apprehend the conflict and represant it self it's solution in the stategie frame who include all the stakes in the region. Any way the content of this politic, it's this aspiration toward the domination and toward the conflict pacific's reglement using for to do economic's instruments, militarys and diplomatics, we'll help to light of objective manner, the work putting, of the united-state's politic as for middle oriental's problem. For this to bearing, gave to learm the consequence of the american's stategie to the american's levels international and regional, think who we'll permit to have a look on the future united-state's politic as for israelo-arab's conflict
Ben, Slimane Sarra. "Les sources exogènes des fluctuations économiques dans les pays en développement : la Région MENA et la Tunisie". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0025.
Texto completo da fonteThe ambition of this research work is to analyze, in a comprehensive way, the short and medium term economic fluctuations in the developing countries of the MENA region. We will first analyze the cyclic likeness between the different MENA countries; in this sense, we will be mostly interested in the shape of the circumstantial cycle, notably in terms of length and size of the phases, through the configuration of an algorithm of identification. Thereafter we will try to clarify the sources of the economic fluctuations in the context of general equilibrium dynamic and stochastic model which applies to the case of Tunisia in order to reproduce the cyclic features of the economy in which the external shocks are assimilated to a mechanism of amplification of the sources of the economic fluctuations. Tunisia is at the same time a partner in the MENA region and undergoes symmetrical shocks in the region and the rest of the world. The Tunisian economy faces three different stochastic shocks: two external shocks of energy price and the world interest rate, and an internal shock of global productivity of the factors. We will finally approach the issue of the importance of the contributions of the external and internal shocks as explanatory elements of the short and medium term fluctuations in a developing country like Tunisia. We will introduce a structural VAR model to validate the theoretical (DSEG) one. Then, we will proceed to make a comparative analysis of the sources behind the internal and external fluctuations in the MENA region through an in panel VAR
Rebaï, Samira. "Sismotectonique et champ de contrainte dans les chaînes alpines et dans les plates-formes de l'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord, et du Moyen-Orient". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20180.
Texto completo da fonteTaïbouni, Amina. "Les organisations internationales et la gouvernance dans la région Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord : entre perception et réalité : le cas de l'Algérie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1041&f=21730.
Texto completo da fonteWith the evolution of the concept of governance in the discourse of international organizations as a guideline, we show that this concept carried by the World Bank, despite the neoliberal ideology that animates it, has brought a lot in terms of development. Given that governance is presented as a universal solution, allowing economic growth and human development, indicators have been created to measure its quality. Based on an analysis of the methodology of construction and evaluation of the main indicators of governance and institutions created: Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), worldwide governance indicators (WGI) of the World Bank, the index of economic freedom of the Heritage Foundation, and the corruption perceptions index (CPI) of Transparency International, we prove that these measurement tools, despite their wide distribution, have shortcomings in their construction and use. These are mostly perception cues and as such, they remain imperfect, inaccurate and some are biased. International assessments of governance in Middle East and North Africa region countries, and particularly in Algeria, are mitigated. They point out both the delays reported and the progress made in the various areas of assessed governance. The analysis of the international assessment of governance in Algeria allowed us, on the one hand, to update the inaccuracy of the governance scores attributed to Algeria, the limits of perception of the experts, the ideological bias of certain indicators that reflects on Algeria's rankings and the gap between the scores and the reality on the ground; on the other hand, by comparing the evaluations of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Algeria, we show that the latter approach, local and participative, is the most appropriate in the Algerian context. UNDP Algeria in fact, is working in the field, which makes its analyses closer to reality. Beyond the insufficiencies of their tools, international assessments express in general terms the state of governance in Algeria on its negative aspects as well as positive. Thus, progress in the field of human rights or human development is welcomed by international institutions. Whether positive or negative, their assessments have a positive impact as they encourage the public authorities to further improve certain areas such as the business climate even if there are still aspects of governance where efforts need to be pursued like transparency in management of public affairs and anti-corruption struggle
Ben, Tahar Moez. "Evaluation et mesure des contributions des chocs budgétaires dans les fluctuations économiques des pays en développement : cas de la Tunisie et de la région MENA". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0021.
Texto completo da fonteSince the 1970s, the use of discretionary fiscal policy for stabilization of economic activity is the subject of many controversies. The opponents of the Keynesian analysis presented several theoretical and practical justifications against the effectiveness of fiscal instrument: Crowding out Effect, Ricardian Equivalence, Rational Expectations, and most recently, the “Anti-Keynesian Effect”. This research proposes an original scientific approach which permits to identify and to explain the dynamic effects of discretionary fiscal impulses using theoretical model (DSGE model) and to quantify and predict the impact of fiscal shocks using econometric methodology (SVAR model). We address also the issue of procyclicality of fiscal policy in developing countries and their determinants
Vilain, Sarah. "Pour une archéologie des échanges en Méditerranée orientale : la céramique chypriote au Levant nord aux âges du Bronze moyen et du Bronze récent". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG057.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation offers a typological and contextual study of the Cypriot pottery imported in the Northern Levant, and more broadly a study of trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. This research put in light the presence of Cypriot imports in sixty-nine archaeological sites, mostly located on the Mediterranean coast. The Cypriot assemblage found in the Northern Levant consists of a large variety of fabrics and types and shows an uninterrupted trade between the two regions from MB II to the end of LBA. The interest of the Levantine peoples for Cypriot productions is attested by attempts at local imitation and the creation of new types influenced by Cypriot shapes and styles. Interactions between the Northern Levant and Cyprus led to the introduction of new productions and the adoption of common cultural practices. The Cypriot pottery discovered in the Northern Levant facilitates understanding of the complex links established between societies of the Eastern Mediterranean in the IInd millennium BC
Girard, Muriel. "Recompositions du monde artisanal et mutations urbaines au regard des mises en patrimoine et en tourisme au Maghreb et au Moyen-Orient (Fès, Istanbul, Alep)". Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2001.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines the heritage question, and seeks to understand social dynamics in progress within the cities of the Maghreb and the Middle East. Thus are analyzed the relations between heritagization and touristification, as well as the artisanal practices and their evolution within the ancient urban centres of Fez, Istanbul and Aleppo. The comparative study aims at showing how multiple social, spatial, and identity reorganisation processes are resulting from it. Areas of craft world, visited by the tourists, the ancient urban centres are thought like a resource, which needs to be valorised by local and international actors. In this way, heritage and touristic imaginations are contributing to the craft industry’s categorization, which is established as a heritage figure, judged illicit, and sometime is reinvented. This setting participates to an aesthetic process, in which the craftsmen are ousted or staged as part of the scenery. The craftsmen social position can therefore be changing whereas they are developing their own actions, compromising with the public heritage action and tourism
Garci, Siham. "Culture matérielle et techniques artisanales, au Levant nord, au Bronze moyen (2000-1600 avant notre ère) : contacts et interactions entre différentes aires culturelles". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20054.
Texto completo da fonteThis study aims to understand contacts, and their impacts, between North Levant (area situated between the syro-lebanese coast and the Oronte valley) and his neighbors during the Middle Bronze Age. The analysis of the ceramics, metallic productions, stone, bony and vitreous items - coming from thirty archaeological tells of North Levant - revealed various stylistic and technological cultural influences from Mediterranean's area (from Egypt, Anatolia and Aegean world) and Mesopotamia. The multiplication of diplomatic and commercial relationship promotes people and good's movement but also permits transmission of expertise and manufacturing process unknown by North Levantine craftsmen. This period is characterized by a real progress of metallurgy, faiences and ivory crafts
Tumi, Salaheddin. "Les déterminants des IDE et leur impact sur la croissance économique dans les pays en développement. Le cas des pays du Maghreb et du Moyen-Orient". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030021.
Texto completo da fonteThe quest for progress towards economic development in the countries of the South has increased competition between these nations in the last two decades, as they each try to attract the largest volume of FDI. This competition has become a race to the bottom due to the increased difficulties in obtaining credit. Many developing countries have attempted to attract FDI. Some have been less successful than others, in this regard; however this did not prevent a second group of countries undertaking the same policy. The decision makers seem to be convinced that FDI is the engine of development and the main question in this thesis is to better understand the phenomenon of FDI, its mechanisms and determinants. The second question is an assay to establish a link between FDI and economic growth. Our work classifies countries into five zones with an emphasis on the Maghreb and the Middle East. We show that to be attractive for FDI; a country should be politically stable, with adequate infrastructure, effective institutions and an educated population. Natural resources and bilateral investment treaties are decisive factors for the attraction of FDI. In addition, there are biases specific to certain regions. The Maghreb and the Middle East suffer from negative biases that are preventing this zone from attracting FDI. We try to explain and analyze the causes of this limited volume of FDI received. On the link FDI-growth, we found that FDI does not begin to have a positive effect on growth until there is a certain threshold level of human capital in the population
Chaker, Zied. "Evaluation des politiques actives de l’emploi et des réformes du système de protection sociale dans la région MENA". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED041.
Texto completo da fonteMENA population is one of the youngest in the world (50% of the population is under 30). In addition, it hasthe highest youth unemployment rate and the second higher informal employment rate despite a large number ofgraduates. This situation has kept the economies to enjoy the demographic dividend and led to social uprisings andchange of political regime since 2011 in many countries (Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco).Thus reforms of social protection systems have been set up : creation of National Health Insurance Fund, reform ofsocial security, extending social security to informal workers, new active labor market policies.In this dissertation, we study Tunisia and Jordan case by analyzing the reforms, which population are targeted, inwhat extent it reaches or not its goal and evaluate its effectiveness
Makhous, Monzer. "Le pétrole dans le développement des pays arabes : une maladie hollandaise ou une épidémie arabe ? : analyse du développement économique, social et politique des pays du Moyen Orient et d'Afrique du nord". Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030002.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis attempts to evaluate the real efficiency of the use of petroleum resources in the development of Arab countries as applying methodological more innovative and original approaches: That is a combination of standard methods of economic analysis and modern procedures of mathematical multidimensional statistics. An attempt is made to define the scale and the dynamics of economic and social differentiation of Arab states as in time as well as in space that is to inscribe these states in the world development scenery. In this context the following topics are investigated: The social and economic transformations and development, regional integration and summary estimations of the position of Arab countries in world economy, economic and social development reciprocal interrelations, human and material development level and the structure of national economy. Questions of high importance and contemporary geopolitical topicality such as the petroleum market, Islam, Arab nationalism, violence, democracy and economic growth are investigated in depth. Our analysis show that petroleum resources in the Arab development history looks as a pendulum balancing between a genius donation of nature and a terrible harm of unbalanced and immiserising growth. In consequence, we suggest approaches and a set of measures to be put in operation in order that petroleum resources and incomes from them become a driving force of economic and social development, and no more as an ephemeral source of easy money, corruption, military adventures, totalitarian authorities and repressive political regimes
Harati, Rawaa. "Three essays on informality in the MENA region and a new measure of the shadow economy using light data". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010088.
Texto completo da fonteInformality is a social and economical phenomenon that has huge implications on societies. Over $3.1 trillion annually is lost to tax evasion worldwide (see The Tax Justice Network report). Informality means different things to different people. Sometimes this term is used to describe tax evasion and sometimes to refer to noncompliance with labor or regulations. Whatever definition is used, informality can be a serious problem in some countries, stifling investment, undermining the overall competetiveness of the whole economy and impeding growth. It could also be an important remedy in other countries playing a role as a mechanism of economic adjustment and source of livelihood for the poor and unemployed. Hart [1973] was the first anthropologist to observe, study and coin the word "informal economy" in his research in Accra and today’s literature is largely based on his work. Societies started acknowledging the importance of informality and then eventually economists, sociologists and anthropologists started analyzing its characteristics worldwide. […]
Mei, Dan Michal. "Muddling through with Chinese characteristics : Beijing’s energy policy and its oil diplomacy in West Asia and North Africa". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0033.
Texto completo da fonteChina’s “energy diplomacy” has been the subject of much debate and controversy ever since the country became a net oil importer in 1993. Observers and analysts watched with unease as Beijing appeared to be unleashing its National Oil companies (NOCs) to compete for global oil resources and lock them up for China’s own use. China’s diplomacy has been said to be put to the service of its energy needs and ever since 1993 and oil supply security was deemed to be the utmost objective of foreign and strategic policy. This dissertation aims to challenge that view and to provide a new way of analysing the interactions between energy and diplomacy in China. It posits that the country’s overseas energy activities in the early 1990s were not the outcome of a comprehensive, rational plan devised in Beijing but rather the result of a series of incremental and disjointed policy steps taken by different actors, each pursuing their own goals and interests. It is the aim of this study to analyse how this energy diplomacy evolved by looking at the actors shaping it and the interactions between them: how did China’s overseas energy activities come about? What were their implications for China’s diplomatic strategy in the Middle East? How, and when, did oil security reach the top of the policy making agenda and what have been the main features of the policy process, from agenda setting to implementation? Is there a “Chinese grand strategy” for locking up oil? What are the tensions underlying China’s oil diplomacy?
David, Anda. "Interactions entre migration et emploi - le cas des pays de la région MENA". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090029.
Texto completo da fonteMigration shapes societies in both origin and destination countries. With scholars' focus progressively turning from the impact of migration on receiving countries towards its impact on sending countries, this thesis offers four insights on the interlinkages between international migration and labour markets in origin countries. Each essay illustrates these interactions between local employment and migration in several countries of the Middle East and North Africa region, combining micro and macroeconomic analysis, quantitative and qualitative data, computable general equilibrium modeling and microeconometrics. The first chapter presents an original computable general equilibrium model which allows us to capture the broad channels though which migration impacts labour market outcomes: labour supply, remittances and education. In the following three chapters, we explore in depth the microeconomic foundations and implications of each of these channels
Khelifi, Meriem. "Le discours religieux dans les médias arabes : nouveau lieu de mobilisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080164.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective in this thesis was to study how the new religious discourse produced by the preachers in the religious satellite channels can give rise to the expression of a new form of mobilization. This study was carried out in the context of the Arab revolutions, and more specifically in Egypt, with some aspects of comparison with Algeria.The three axes on which we have articulated this research are the policy, the communication and the return of the actor as identified by A. Touraine.Taking as an example the speech of Amr Khaled, one of the most influential preachers of the Arab-Muslim world, we analyzed the product discourse and receptions made directly by the Egyptian public and more broadly by a wider audience , Via social networks
Shajari, Parastoo. "Ajustement avec croissance : les enseignements du modèle intégré FMI-Banque mondiale en matière de politique économique dans le cas de quelques pays de la région MENA et de la Méditerranée". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0005.
Texto completo da fonteThe IMF and the World Bank began the implementation of structural adjustment programs in 80s to help countries affected by economic crises and achieve objectives such as restoration of balance of payments, controlling inflation and growth. The aim of this thesis is to study the method of macroeconomic analysis which accentuate on the programs advocated by the IMF and the World Bank from the model known as the "Integrated Model IMF-World Bank". The purpose of this research is to make a comprehensive assessment of the applicability of this model to analyse the performance of adjustment programs in the case of six countries in the Mediterranean and MENA region, namely, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey during the 1974-2004 period. Then we analyze the effects of the different policies on the different targets variables
Sahloul, Ahmed. "Study of Egyptian macroeconomic fluctuations (1974-2010)". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G002.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis studies Egyptian macroeconomic fluctuations and compares their sources to those of some Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. A wide range of econometric methods are used to investigate the synchronization among Egyptian and MENA classical and growth cycles, and to quantify their sources of fluctuations along with their responses to these sources of shocks. We find no evidence of synchronization between Egyptian cycles and those of MENA and of developed countries. The sources of Egyptian macroeconomic fluctuations are almost equally divided among domestic and foreign shocks, and oil prices shocks appear to be the main driver behind output fluctuations. Moreover, domestic supply and demand shocks play a positive role in moderating negative foreign shocks affecting the economy
Kaya, Uğur. "Représentations stratégiques hétérogènes de la Turquie dans l'Alliance Atlantique à travers son voisinage avec le Moyen-Orient : analyse d'un État glacis, "rentier stratégique", exploitant les conflits militaires régionaux et globaux comme facteur autonome de développement économique et de stabilité interne". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0031.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis analys of the interactions between the logic of security and the economic logic that bring to bear on state apparatus and socio-economic agents in Turkey, with regard to Middle Eastern relations and concentrating in particular on Turkey's heterogeneity within the NATO. It consists, fundamentally, of a study of the dialectical relationship between the economic, political and military fields in Turkey on the national, regional and global scales. The thesis's period of analysis stretches from the foundation of the Turkish Republic up to the end of the twentieth century. Within this framework, the thesis attempts to decrypt the role of conflictuality in strategic identity. Interactions between economic and military strategy on the global level do not, in the case of Turkey, stem from colonial considerations. They stem, rather, from a conception of security that aims to avoid participation in territorially-constituted wars in order to achieve economic development. Through this particular relationship between regional and global conflictualities, the Turkish state's long-term policy can be said to consist of instrumentalising antagonisms of third-party protagonists, without any one of those third parties assuming the role of an 'enemy' per se or a 'source of immediate threat'. This exploitation of conflicts leads not only to security considerations, it becomes a multi-view strategy: for economic and social development, to guarantee internal stability, serving also to reinforce official ideology. These phenomena are analysed by means of the concepts of the "conflictualist paradigm" and the "strategic rentier state. "
Aziki, Yasmina. "L'expertise multilatérale pour le développement de la région MENA : pratiques de coopération, crises régionales et défis nationaux, 1964-1981". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H030.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the history of development cooperation in the North Africa and Middle East - Middle East-North Africa or MENA region - by sharing a history of aid development, a history of international organizations and a history of technical expertise, while, at the same time, focusing on a sociological approach and a transfer approach. This thesis therefore aims to present the trajectories followed by all actors of development aid and their missions, from archives of international and diplomatic institutions unpublished. Assistance provided by international organizations is provided through technical support and support for the financing of state development projects. By focusing on the countries receiving this assistance and the institutions that provide it, this thesis highlights their deep, convergent or contradictory interests. On the one hand, agencies such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank have tried to gain international legitimacy. On the other hand, countries in the MENA region have used this assistance for driving ambitious, and sometimes costly, development projects. Moreover, despite the polarization of the world with the Cold War, MENA states have joined the concert of demands of the "South" advocating the non-alignment and rebalancing of trade with the North. The UN was the platform for these demands with, in 1964, the first UNCTAD. In the MENA region, the Arab League and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are part of this "awakening of the South" (Samir Amin). The oil crisis of 1973 led these two institutions to a dialogue with the EEC, UNCTAD and the OECD for the financing of development aid, in an original triangular cooperation. In this vein, the Kuwaiti Development Fund offers a vivid example of pursuit of strategic interests for the legitimization of a petrodollar-financed state.Thanks to the World Bank, Kuwait made development aid a diplomatic weapon, as early as 1961. The cases of Morocco and Egypt reveal the limits of aid in the face of ambitions, sometimes contradictory, of the power, before institutions viewers of the economic stagnation of these countries
Chouchane, Hanene. "Libéralisation financière, institutions et crises bancaires : cas des pays de la région MENA". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0002.
Texto completo da fonteSince financial liberalization has been adopted by most countries of the Region Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the number of banking crises has not ceased to increase. This leads us to analyze the relationship between financial liberalization and banking crises. Our thesis aims to highlight the important role of financial liberalization on banking crises. This work addresses one of the main causes of the failure of liberalization process Financial namely the negligence of the primordial role played by legal institutions, economic and political in achieving financial stability. To demonstrate the importance of institutional organization, we verified the pejorative impact of institutional failure present in the countries of the MENA region on the occurrence of systemic banking crises. The objective of our research is to demonstrate that the countries of the MENA region hold very different institutional characteristics and to facilitate the implementation of financial reforms liberal, it is henceforth essential to consider well adequate institutional and regulatory reforms with, social political conditions of each country of the MENA region
Ben, Saad Myriam. "Processus de complexification des systèmes productifs : de nouvelles dynamiques et trajectoires de developpement pour les MENA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/eco_gestion/2017/2017_these_Ben_Saad_Myriam.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of accelerating economic development
Gazdar, Kaouthar. "Institutions, développement financier et croissance économique dans la région MENA". Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIME002/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines (i) the impact of banks and stock markets on economic growth (ii) the effect of institutional quality in determining financial development and (iii) how institutional quality affects the finance-growth nexus in the MENA region. To this end, we construct a yearly institutional index for MENA countries. Applying the generalized method- of-moments (GMM) estimators developed for dynamic panel data for a sample of 18 MENA countries over 1984-2007 period, we find that both bank and stock market development are unimportant or even harmful for economic growth. Considering both a panel data and the instrumental variable (IV) approaches of estimation, our results outline the importance of institutional quality in determining financial development in MENA region. Moreover, our results show that institutional quality affects the finance growth nexus in MENA countries. In fact, it mitigates the negative effect of financial development on economic growth. Therefore, our results provide empirical evidence that in order for financial development to contribute to economic growth, MENA countries must possess certain level of institutional quality. Examining the non-linear effect of institutional quality on the finance-growth nexus, our results show that banking sector development and growth exhibit an inverted-U shaped relationship. However, we do not find the same pattern in the stock market-growth relationship
Shajari, Sadegh. "Hydrologie et aménagement : aménagement trans-bassin en Iran ; optimisation de la gestion des ressources en eau". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743948.
Texto completo da fonteValfort, Blandine. "Le lyrisme face à l’événement : étude comparée des poésies francophones du Maghreb et du Machrek : (Algérie, Liban, 1950-1990)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20049.
Texto completo da fonteIn both areas which stand for the East and the West of the same Arab world – Maghreb and Mashreq –, some poets have chosen the French language to react to certain events of the second half of the twentieth century, as the Algerian War, the Six Days War and the Lebanese Civil War. By studying Algerian and Lebanese collections of poetry written between 1950 and 1990, we can consider the cultural, ideological and esthetical relationship of these two areas adopting a differential comparative approach. The choice of French – whose issues are very different in both areas – raises questions of identity that must be analyzed and promotes the expression of a cultural mixture. Through this poetic corpus, we can reconsider the relationship between history and intimacy because the event, inseparable from collective issues, is reinterpreted by the lyric voice. Not only does it create a rediscovered aesthetic of singing nor only provides a thematic range representative of dramas it causes. It raises an enunciative course closely linked to the poetic process. Through lyricism, historical event opens the way to intimacy which reveals the different layers of questioning identity and gives it a universal dimension. The subject is no longer absorbed into a collective reinforced by the circumstances, it is no longer defined only through the dichotomous opposition to otherness; thanks to the lyrical address, we are witnessing the simultaneous advent of “I” and “you” that, without denying the conflict, subsume its issues
Gammoudi, Mouna. "Libéralisation du compte de capital, IDE et croissance économique dans la région MENA : une étude sur des données de Panel". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIME002.
Texto completo da fonteEver since the mid-1980's, developing countries as well as other member countries of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have engaged in the process of capital account liberalization as part of their structural adjustment programs and economic integration agenda. The motive behind the removal of restrictions on capital account transactions was to attract capital flows mainly, the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which is considered as an engine of economic growth. This initiative has led to a surge in international investment flows over the past two decades, the MENA region has, however, received only 6.5% of the global FDI inflows. This raises two important issues and policy challenge for the region, namely, how does capital account liberalization affect FDI inflows? And how does FDI promote economic growth? In this thesis, we examine the determinants of FDI in the MENA region and their impact on economic growth by focusing on the role of capital account liberalization and institutional quality. To this end, we conduct two empirical studies by using a GMM-System estimator developed for the dynamic model over the period between 1985 and 2009 for a sample of 17 MENA countries. Our findings reveal that while the level of capital account openness alone may discourage the inflows of FDI, if it is coupled with higher levels of institutional development or political stability, it can have a net positive impact on the volume of FDI inflows. MENA countries that are able to reap the benefits of the capital openness policy satisfy certain threshold conditions regarding the level of political stability and institutional quality. However, although institutional factors appear to be important in the location choice of FDI, corruption and bureaucracy have increased FDI inflows in the financially open countries in the region. Regarding the role of FDI and their determinants in boosting economic growth, we show that FDI, institutional quality and capital account liberalization constitute important growth stimulating factors in the MENA region. Nevertheless, their influences are different in GCC and Non-GCC countries. While, the effect of FDI on growth is positive in the GCC countries and negative in Non- GCC countries, the impact of capital account liberalization and institutional quality in the Non-GCC countries are positive but less than in the GCC countries. Results reveal also, that in contrast to the GCC countries, capital account liberalization policy in the Non-GCC countries have reduced the benefits of FDI on growth. This finding is explained by the fact that most of the Non-GCC countries have engaged in the process of financial reforms and have poor quality of institutions. Finally, we demonstrate that institutional conditions matter for capital account liberalization and growth relationship in the MENA region.Keywords: FDI, capital account liberalization, economic growth, institutions, MENA region, panel data
Ben, Saad Myriam. "Processus de complexification des systèmes productifs : de nouvelles dynamiques et trajectoires de developpement pour les MENA". Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2004/document.
Texto completo da fonteMENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of accelerating economic development
Latreille, Martin. "Rmāyniyya : féminisation de l'agriculture et condition féminine dans le Nord-Ouest tunisien". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16914.
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