Bibliografias temáticas / Movement Perception

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Movement Perception"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 25 de maio de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Movement Perception"

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POLLICK, FRANK E., JOSHUA G. HALE e MARIA TZONEVA-HADJIGEORGIEVA. "PERCEPTION OF HUMANOID MOVEMENT". International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 02, n.º 03 (setembro de 2005): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984360500048x.

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With the ultimate goal of producing natural-looking movements in humanoid robots and virtual humans, we examined the visual perception of movements generated by different models of movement generation. The models of movement generation included 14 synthetic motion generation algorithms based on theories of human motor production. In addition, we obtained motion from recordings of actual human movement. The resulting movements were applied to both a humanoid robot and a computer graphics virtual human. The computational efficiency of the motion production algorithms is described. In Experiment 1, we examined observers' judgments of the naturalness of a movement. Results showed that, for the humanoid robot, low ratings of naturalness were obtained for rapid movement. In addition, it was found that some movements that appeared to have unremarkable naturalness ratings were anomalous examples of the desired movement. In Experiment 2, we used naturalness ratings to study the influence of movement speed on the humanoid robot. Results indicated that the decrease in naturalness was due to motion artifacts at the ends of the movement. In Experiment 3, we returned to the issue of anomalous movements by obtaining ratings of similarity between pairs of movements, and analyzing these with multi-dimensional scaling to obtain a psychological space representation of the set of movements. Results showed that the presumed anomalous movements were indeed distinctive from the other movements, suggesting that the naturalness judgments did not completely indicate the perception of movement. We discuss these results in the context of what they suggest for the relative effectiveness of the different generation algorithms at producing natural movement, and their relative computational efficiency, as well as in terms of the effectiveness of different psychological techniques for the assessment of humanoid movement.
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Van Zanten, Leonard. "Motion to Motion into perception". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 19 (13 de junho de 2021): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v19i.9047.

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One of the most rewarding things in the sciences is to learn how things are put together, and how they operate. Our senses are not the only ones to come by movements in its particulars, seeing nature no less is in-and-by movement. Accordingly we come to a revelation in movements to movement, a revelation to show nature for its reality. Additionally; by illustration, the coordinates of movement are furnished to wit, magnetic, electric, light's velocity, and radial velocity.
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Diener, H. C., J. Hore, R. Ivry e J. Dichgans. "Cerebellar Dysfunction of Movement and Perception". Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 20, S3 (maio de 1993): S62—S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710004854x.

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ABSTRACT:This review describes some characteristics of patients with cerebellar lesions, including limb movements, changes in motor planning and disturbances in time-dependent perception. The delay in movement initiation can be explained by a delay in onset of movement-related discharge of neurons in motor cortex. Disorders of movement termination (hypermetria) are accompanied by asymmetric velocity profiles and by prolonged agonist and delayed antagonist EMG activity necessary to brake the movement. During complex movements in three-dimensional space, the cerebellum contributes to timing between single components of a movement, scales the size of muscular action, and coordinates the sequence of agonists and antagonists. The basic structure of motor programs is not generated exclusively within the cerebellum and patients with cerebellar lesions can use precuing information to improve their motor performance. Time-dependent perception in the auditory and visual domains are disturbed in patients with cerebellar lesions.
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Aransih, Miskatyas Putri, e Rizki Edmi Edison. "The Naturalness of Biological Movement by Individuals with Autism Spectrum Conditions: Taking Neurotypical Individuals’ Viewpoint". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, n.º 16 (20 de agosto de 2019): 2574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.392.

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BACKGROUND: When an action is being observed, it is matched to the observer’s internal representation of the action. The more similar, the more the action is perceived as natural. A factor influencing judgement of naturalness is the kinematic features of a movement. However, these features could be altered due to certain conditions that can modify movement such as Autism Spectrum Disorders. As a result, neurotypical observers may fail to interpret the action due to impaired naturalness. AIM: This work aims to investigate (1) whether neurotypical observers judge the autistic individuals’ movement as less natural, (2) which kinematic factors (jerk, acceleration, velocity and size) contribute to their perception and (3) whether cue reliance correlates with autistic traits. METHODS: Thirty neurotypical participants (20 – 33 years old; 15 males) completed autistic trait screening questionnaires (ADC, TAS-20, AQ). They completed a computer task showing 2D side-to-side arm movements recorded from neurotypical and autistic individuals. Finally, they rated the naturalness of the observed movements, and how certain they were with their answer. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the participants’ perception of naturalness of the two movement groups. Jerk, acceleration and velocity contributed to shaping the participants’ perception with a jerk as the most significant factor. The correlation between the participants’ autistic trait and both their perception of naturalness as well as of each kinematic cue were not significant. CONCLUSION: Our neurotypical participants perceived the autistic movements as less natural. Their perceptions were influenced mainly by the jerk as well as acceleration and velocity of the autistic movements. Autistic traits in the participants did not correlate to their perception of movement naturalness nor to any of the kinematic factors.
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Zaporozhets, A. V. "Perception, Movement, and Action". Journal of Russian & East European Psychology 35, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1997): 18–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-0405350118.

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Zaporozhets, A. V. "Perception, Movement, and Action". Journal of Russian & East European Psychology 40, n.º 4 (julho de 2002): 53–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-0405400453.

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Méary, David, Catherine Chary, Richard Palluel-Germain e Jean-Pierre Orliaguet. "Visual Perception of Writing and Pointing Movements". Perception 34, n.º 9 (setembro de 2005): 1061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3388.

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Studies of movement production have shown that the relationship between the amplitude of a movement and its duration varies according to the type of gesture. In the case of pointing movements the duration increases as a function of distance and width of the target (Pitts' law), whereas for writing movements the duration tends to remain constant across changes in trajectory length (isochrony principle). We compared the visual perception of these two categories of movement. The participants judged the speed of a light spot that portrayed the motion of the end-point of a hand-held pen (pointing or writing). For the two types of gesture we used 8 stimulus sizes (from 2.5 cm to 20 cm) and 32 durations (from 0.2 s to 1.75 s). Viewing each combination of size and duration, participants had to indicate whether the movement speed seemed “fast”, “slow”, or “correct”. Results showed that the participants' perceptual preferences were in agreement with the rules of movement production. The stimulus size was more influential in the pointing condition than in the writing condition. We consider that this finding reflects the influence of common representational resources for perceptual judgment and movement production.
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Hauthal, Nadine, Pascale Sandmann, Stefan Debener e Jeremy Thorne. "Visual movement perception in deaf and hearing individuals". Advances in Cognitive Psychology 9, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2013): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0131-z.

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Guha, Aratrik, Hanieh Agharazi, Palak Gupta e Aasef G. Shaikh. "Exploring Heading Direction Perception in Cervical Dystonia, Tremor, and Their Coexistence". Brain Sciences 14, n.º 3 (27 de fevereiro de 2024): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030217.

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Objective: Dystonias, characterized by excessive muscle contractions resulting in involuntary postures and movements, impact 3 million people globally, making them the third most common movement disorder. Often accompanied by tremors, dystonias have epidemiological links and non-motor features shared with isolated tremor, such as essential tremor. Both dystonia and tremor present with balance dysfunction and abnormal involuntary movements, potentially linked to abnormal cerebellar function. This study explores the perception of one’s own linear movement, heading, particularly discrimination of heading direction, in isolated cervical dystonia, isolated tremor, and their combination. We compare such perception behavior in visual and vestibular domains, predicting that visual heading perception would be superior to vestibular heading perception. Methods: Following the focus on the perception of heading direction, we used psychophysics techniques, such as two-alternative-forced-choice task, to examine perception of direction of one’s own movements as they see isolated visual star-cloud movement (visual heading perception) and en bloc body movement (vestibular heading perception). We fitted a sigmoidal psychometric function curve to determine the threshold for visual or vestibular heading perception in our participants. Results: Nineteen participants underwent a two-alternative forced-choice task in the vestibular and visual domains. Results reveal elevated vestibular heading perception thresholds in cervical dystonia with or without tremor, and isolated tremor compared to healthy controls. Vestibular heading perception threshold was comparable in cervical dystonia with tremor and isolated tremor, but it was even worse in isolated cervical dystonia. Visual heading perception, however, remained less affected all three conditions—isolated cervical dystonia, isolated tremor, and their combination. Conclusion: These findings indicate shared deficits and distinctions in the perception of linear translational heading across movement disorders, such as isolated cervical dystonia, tremor, or their combination, offering insights into their pathophysiology, particularly the involvement of cerebellum regions responsible for vestibular processing.
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Price, Kelly J., Maggie Shiffrar e Kimberly A. Kerns. "Movement perception and movement production in Asperger's Syndrome". Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 6, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2012): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.06.013.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Movement Perception"

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Toward, Jeffrey I. "Procedural knowledge and movement perception". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5726.

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St-Jacques, Pierre. "Representing the perception of movement". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1328553315.

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Whitaker, D. J. "Displacement thresholds in oscillatory movement perception". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376695.

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Brown, Kenneth Scott. "The perception of motion". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14581.

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Extracting a motion signal for a two-dimensional contour requires the human visual system to derive a velocity vector from the spatially limited receptive fields of motion sensitive cortical cells. An individual cell's response may not specify the contour's true velocity. Models of motion often combine the outputs of different classes of receptive fields to generate a reliable motion signal. Their efficacy was tested by comparing their predictions with human psychophysical performance. The perceived speed of co-linear inclined line segments in horizontal translation was subject to a bias in favour of the local components of the contour. Single tilted lines were also subject to a bias in perceived speed. Experiments investigated the effects of grouping, co-linearity, eccentricity, terminator proximity and stimulus uncertainty on perceived speed and clearly showed that the perceived velocity of line segments is not obtained by a simple averaging process of local velocity signals and veridical velocity signals of line terminators. Variation of the spatial position of terminators was sufficient to abolish the bias in perceived speed of horizontally drifting inclined lines. Neither "vector-average" nor "winner-take-all" rules are sufficient to account for this. The method of integration of one-dimensional components into two-dimensional plaid patterns was explored in two experiments recording thresholds for perceived rotation of drifting plaids. Type II plaids are not subject to the oblique effect found for rotation discrimination thresholds for type IS plaids. Plaid rotation induced by a speed change in one of the components showed that direction perception does not follow a strict interpretation of the "intersection of constraints rule". As current models of motion integration fail to provide a full account of the perceived speed and direction of two-dimensional patterns; higher-order attentional processes should be incorporated into models of motion perception.
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Heffernan, Dorothy Dagmar. "Perceptuo-motor calibration and the perception of affordances following rapid growth in adolescence". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24310.

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Adolescence is usually considered to be a time of transition from child to adult. However, studies of perceptuo-motor control have tended to focus on infants and young children or on adults, despite indications that the actions of adolescent children are poorly coordinated. This thesis examines the adolescent growth spurt and resulting recalibration of perceptuo-motor control with respect to the coordination of movement. The first four experiments compared the performance of boys aged 12 and 13 (the age when a growth spurt is most likely to be in progress) with older (aged 14 and 15) and younger (aged 10 and 11) boys on tasks where their knowledge of their ability to perform certain actions was observed. These tasks examined actions ranging from placing objects on surfaces in front of them, reaching up to place objects on high shelves, stepping across gaps and walking along balance beams. In agreement with previous research, the younger children tended to overestimate their ability more than the older children. However, overall the poorest match between predictions and actual actions was observed in the 12 and 13 year old boys. In particular, they appeared to have a problem identifying the critical point beyond which they could no longer maintain balance during an action. This was linked to complex changes which take place in conjunction with height increases at adolescence: moments of inertia of body segments change and this must be taken into account when planning actions. The last three experiments examined the relationship between growth and performance on forward and upward reach as well as on a task where children used long sticks to increase their forward reach. In this case, the performance of boys aged 12 and 13 who had grown substantially over the previous six months differed substantially from that of boys of the same age who had grown only a small amount. Again, differences were most notable when it was necessary to identify the critical point beyond which balance could not be maintained: this was particularly apparent when reaching with long sticks. The High Growth boys greatly overestimated their ability in comparison to the Low Growth boys. The results of the thesis highlight the perceptuo-motor changes which accompany rapid growth and demonstrate that adult patterns of movement are unlikely to be in place until the child has learned to take account of changes in height, limb length and the moments of inertia of their body and limb segments. Until this has happened, it is likely that the adolescent will occasionally perform poorly planned and coordinated movements, especially in unfamiliar situations.
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Tackett, Jared Franklin. "Directing Movement and the Perception of Space". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33437.

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An investigation on how architectural elements can direct movement and affect the way we perceive space. The idea is implemented in the design of a playground and pavilion for Elkhorn Lake, located in Jenkins, Kentucky. Wall, column, color, roof, and floor are explored to create a variety of spatial arrangements that affect ways of perceiving and moving through the pavilion and playground.
Master of Architecture
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Roche, Aidan Dominic. "Hand movement, perception, control, imitation & neural activity". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501780.

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Davidson, Jane Whitfield. "The perception of expressive movement in music performance". Thesis, Online version, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.292586.

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Kerr, J. S. "Eye movement correlates of cognitive processes". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381065.

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Knopp, Benjamin [Verfasser], e Dominik [Akademischer Betreuer] Endres. "Perception of Human Movement Based on Modular Movement Primitives / Benjamin Knopp ; Betreuer: Dominik Endres". Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235139409/34.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Movement Perception"

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Mach, Ernst. Fundamentals of the theory of movement perception. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001.

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The brain's sense of movement. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2000.

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dʼ, Ydewalle Géry, e Rensbergen Johan van, eds. Perception and cognition: Advances in eye movement research. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1993.

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B, Wagman Jeffrey, e Pagano Christopher C, eds. Studies in perception and action X: Fifteenth International Conference on Perception and Action. New York: Psychology Press, 2010.

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1942-, Prinz Wolfgang, e Bridgeman Bruce, eds. Handbook of perception and action. London: Academic Press, 1995.

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1950-, Elliott Digby, e Khan Michael 1966-, eds. Vision and goal-directed movement: Neurobehavioral perspectives. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2010.

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1950-, Elliott Digby, e Khan Michael A. 1966-, eds. Vision and goal-directed movement: Neurobehavioral perspectives. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2010.

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Elliott, Digby. Vision and goal-directed movement: Neurobehavioral perspectives. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2010.

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author, Dash Jagannatha 1955, ed. Tribals participation in Naxalite movement: Perception, motivation and survival. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., 2016.

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Shamanic experience: A practical guide to extra-sensory perception. London: Rider, 2001.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Movement Perception"

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Biele, Cezary. "Perception of Movement". In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 103–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90004-5_9.

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Suler, John, e Richard D. Zakia. "Space, Time, and Movement". In Perception and Imaging, 111–40. Fifth edition. | New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315450971-4.

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Greenlee, Mark W., e Hubert Kimmig. "Visual Perception and Eye Movements". In Eye Movement Research, 165–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20085-5_5.

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Grütter, Jörg Kurt. "Movement and Path". In Basics of Perception in Architecture, 269–300. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31156-8_9.

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Romberger, John A., Zygmunt Hejnowicz e Jane F. Hill. "Movement Systems and Positional Perception". In Plant Structure: Function and Development, 145–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01662-6_10.

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Overgaard, Søren. "Visual perception and self-movement". In Moving Ourselves, Moving Others, 81–104. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ceb.6.04ove.

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Drewing, Knut. "Exploratory Movement Strategies in Softness Perception". In Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems, 109–25. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6533-0_6.

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Hoffmann, Klaus-Peter. "Motion Perception and Eye Movement Control". In Artificial and Biological Vision Systems, 57–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77840-7_3.

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Murphy, Robin R. "Visual Techniques for the Controlled Movement of Docking". In Active Perception and Robot Vision, 701–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77225-2_37.

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Bonnet, Cedrick T., Thomas A. Stoffregen e Benoît G. Bardy. "Postural Stabilization of Looking: Eye Movement Data". In Studies in Perception and Action VIII, 221–24. New York: Psychology Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003417972-60.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Movement Perception"

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Rushton, Simon K., e Paul A. Warren. "Perception of object movement during self-movement". In Electronic Imaging 2005, editado por Bernice E. Rogowitz, Thrasyvoulos N. Pappas e Scott J. Daly. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.610859.

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Bellona, Jon, Lin Bai, Luke Dahl e Amy LaViers. "Empirically Informed Sound Synthesis Application for Enhancing the Perception of Expressive Robotic Movement". In The 23rd International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2017.049.

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Since people often communicate internal states and intentions through movement, robots can better interact with humans if they too can modify their movements to communicate changing state. These movements, which may be seen as supplementary to those required for workspace tasks, may be termed “expressive.” However, robot hardware, which cannot recreate the same range of dynamics as human limbs, often limit expressive capacity. One solution is to augment expressive robotic movement with expressive sound. To that end, this paper presents an application for synthesizing sounds that match various movement qualities. Its design is based on an empirical study analyzing sound and movement qualities, where movement qualities are parametrized according to Laban’s Effort System. Our results suggests a number of correspondences between movement qualities and sound qualities. These correspondences are presented here and discussed within the context of designing movement-quality-to-sound-quality mappings in our sound synthesis application. This application will be used in future work testing user perceptions of expressive movements with synchronous sounds.
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Li, Li, Bernard D. Adelstein e Stephen R. Ellis. "Perception of image motion during head movement". In the 3rd symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1140491.1140501.

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Haddad, Afif Dimitri. "Performing Transcendence Through Movement, Perception and Technology". In Politics of the Machine Beirut 2019. BCS Learning & Development, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/pom19.5.

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Sukmawati, Noviria, Firmansyah Dlis e Ramdan Pelana. "Kindergarten Teachers’ Perception on Basic Movement Skills Understanding Through Rhythmic Gymnastics Movement". In 1st South Borneo International Conference on Sport Science and Education (SBICSSE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200219.029.

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Petrescu, David, Paul A. Warren, Zahra Montazeri, Boris Otkhmezuri e Steve Pettifer. "Foveated Walking: Translational Ego-Movement and Foveated Rendering". In SAP '23: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2023. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3605495.3605798.

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Bonny, Justin W. "Hand Movement Enhances 3D Non-symbolic Number Perception". In TechMindSociety '18: Technology, Mind, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3183654.3183676.

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Vatikiotis-Bateson, Eric, Inge-Marie Eigsti e Sumio Yano. "Listener eye movement behavior during audiovisual speech perception". In 3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1994). ISCA: ISCA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-134.

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Piana, Stefano, Paolo Alborno, Radoslaw Niewiadomski, Maurizio Mancini, Gualtiero Volpe e Antonio Camurri. "Movement Fluidity Analysis Based on Performance and Perception". In CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892478.

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Durupinar, Funda. "Perception of Human Motion Similarity Based on Laban Movement Analysis". In SAP '21: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2021. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474451.3476241.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Movement Perception"

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Park, Huiju, e Kim Hahn. Perception of Firefighters' Turnout Ensemble and Level of Satisfaction by Body Movement. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-908.

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Balda, Taras, e Halyna Kondryn. Дисидентський рух в Україні крізь призму діаспорної публіцистики. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, março de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11718.

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The article’s subject – journalism of Ukrainian authors in diaspora publications on the topic of the dissident movement in soviet Ukraine. Trends of diaspora environment’s perception of variations and forms of Ukrainian intelligentsia and public figures’ resistance to totalitarian system in 1960-1980 are emphasized in the article. The diaspora journalists’ attitude to dissident movement’s tasks and perspectives in Ukraine are considered in the article, as well as disagreements in evaluation of perspectives of Ukrainian statehood’s restoration are stated. Two diaspora views’ polemics are emphasized: one of them strongly did not perceive peaceful methods of resistance to soviet system, the other – claimed that Ukrainians in Ukraine have a right to choose the methods and ways of fight for restoration of independency themselves. The practical achievements of such polemics are emphasized in the summary. Key words: diaspora; diaspora publications; journalism; dissident movement; liberation struggle.
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Etu, Egbe-Etu, Imokhai Tenebe, Ankur Parma, Likhitha Yelamanchili, Dang Minh Nhu Nguyen, Louis Tran e Ihor Markevych. Twilytics: A Social Perception Analysis of Public Transit Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mineta Transportation Institute, setembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2210.

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In the United States, public transit ridership in 2020 declined by 79% compared to 2019 levels. With lockdowns implemented during the early days of the pandemic, direct human-to-human interactions migrated to virtual platforms (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit). Social media platforms have aided researchers in answering numerous questions about current societal dilemmas, including COVID-19. This study investigates the public’s perception of transit systems via a social media analysis given the emergence of vaccines and other COVID-19 preventive measures. Findings revealed themes of fear and confusion concerning the use of public transportation during the pandemic. The public had doubts regarding the vaccines’ impact on transportation and movement throughout 2021, with most users concerned about the proliferation of new variants. Twitter users were concerned about the travel bans placed on African countries amidst the Omicron variant and urged the government to remove the bans. These findings will help bridge the gap between public health, transport, and commuter needs by helping transportation authorities and city planners better understand the social perception of transit systems during a pandemic.
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Maia, Maercio, Abrahão Baptista, Patricia Vanzella, Pedro Montoya e Henrique Lima. Neural correlates of the perception of emotions elicited by dance movements. A scope review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, fevereiro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0086.

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Review question / Objective: The main question of the study is "how do dance neuroscience studies define and assess emotions?" The main objective is to establish, through the available literature, a scientific overview of studies in dance neuroscience that address the perception of emotions in the context of neuroaesthetics. Specifically, it is expected to verify if there is methodological homogeneity in studies involving the evaluation of emotions within the context of dance neuroscience; whether the definition of emotion is shared in these studies and, furthermore, whether in multimodal studies in which dance and music are concomitantly present, whether there is any form of distinction between the contribution of each language on the perception of emotions evoked by the stimulus.
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Holbrook, Donald. Deconstructing Rightwing Extremism: Conceptual Variance and Attitudes Towards Islam. RESOLVE Network, junho de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/remve2022.3.

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The purpose of this report is to map, conceptually and empirically, the diverse elements that constitute rightwing extremism. The aim is to offer readers a guide to this complexity and an appreciation for the numerous ideas, actors, and outcomes associated with RWE. The report is divided into two parts. The first focuses on the conceptual issues associated with RWE while the second explores how this complexity plays out in practice by examining various ways in which RWE has framed and reacted to Islam. This case study was selected as it illustrates the intricacies of varied and evolving RWE responses and because Islam and Muslims are often a major target of RWE violence and hostility. In Part 1 we caution against describing RWE as a single movement or an ideology given that those associated with RWE, overall, lack the common bonds that bind members of a movement together. We explore the substance of this complexity and summarize the key features on a schema focusing on actors, ideas, and outcomes associated with RWE. In Part 2 we illustrate, with reference to this conceptual complexity, how a plethora of mainly European RWE approaches to Islam underscores the pluralism of ideas and interpretations within RWE. This ideological plurality steers its proponents in divergent directions and results in varied outcomes. Not only do right-wing extremists, including those inspired by white supremacism, nationalism, and cultural nativism, adopt divergent positions on the issue, their approach ranges widely from co-optation and inspiration to non-engagement and outright hostility. These divergent positions, in turn, differ depending on local contexts, frames of reference, core beliefs, and individuals’ interpretations of each of these factors. This heterogeneity has important implications for practitioners, policymakers and those who study RWE movements. Importantly, perceptions of threat are not constant or consistent across RWE movements. Varied threat perceptions can, in turn, produce different types of violence and extremism, with a diverse and inconsistent list of potential targets for violent acts, potential allies, and perceived constituents among RWE actors.
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Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir e Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, fevereiro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.

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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.
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Dalton, Ben. The Landscape of School Rating Systems. RTI Press, setembro de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0046.1709.

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The rise of the accountability movement in education has resulted in the proliferation of school report cards, school ratings and rankings, and other kinds of performance reporting for public consumption and policy use. To understand the strengths and limitations of school rating systems and the role they play in shaping public perceptions and school improvement practices, this paper situates rating systems within the broader field of comparative organizational assessments and neo-institutional theory; describes school rankings and rating systems in use by states and consumer-oriented enterprises; and details four aspects of school ratings (measurement, transformation, integration, and presentation) that affect their use and interpretation.
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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir e Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, outubro de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.
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Donnelly, Phoebe, e Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.

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This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.
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Hunter, Fraser, e Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, setembro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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