Bibliografias temáticas / Monitor pollution on shores

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Monitor pollution on shores"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 14 de dezembro de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Monitor pollution on shores"

Sharma, Bhavika, Sandeep x. Sandeep Sharma, S. K. Bhardwaj, Lakhvinder Kaur e Abhay Sharma. "Evaluation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) as a tool to monitor pollution and green belt development: A review". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2017): 1637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1414.

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Air pollution is a global phenomenon arising out of the unsustainable, unplanned and rapid develop-ment. The quality of air is deteriorating day by day because of rising concentrations of various gases in the atmos-phere. Presently, no such system has been developed ever that completely eliminates air pollutants, but nature has created many systems to deal with the harmful results of different anthropogenic activities up to a certain limit. Some plants can survive well with higher pollutant concentrations and act as pollution scavenger. Green plants act as a sink and filter to minimize air pollution by absorption, adsorption, detoxification, accumulation and/or metabolization without sustaining serious decline in growth, thus improving air quality by providing oxygen to the atmosphere. The plants which can withstand higher pollutant concentrations can serve as tolerant species and may be suggested to act as pollution scavengers. In the present study the air pollution tolerance index of some plants has been reviewed which are widely distributed throughout India and may prove helpful for the abatement of elevated air pollution levels such as Mangifera indica, Azardirachta indica, Saraca indica, Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Shorea robusta and Bougainvillea spp. The wild indigenous species are superior performers in air pollution reduction as compared to the cultivated non indigenous species. The screening out of tolerant plant species from the sensitive ones can provide a database which may help landscapers to design green belts around industries and National Highways.

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Gao, Jing, Xu Wang, Yuefeng Zhao e Junyong Zhao. "Real-Time Pollution Analysis and Location Based on Vehicle Particle Radar". EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 03025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023703025.

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This paper first studies the advantages and main observation methods of atmospheric particulate matter lidar in Regional large-scale measurement, and then discusses the measurement principle of lidar and two commonly used methods for inversion of aerosol extinction coefficient.Finally, the mobile observation system consisting of lidar-assisted vehicle particle monitor is used. Anping County is used as the research area.The lidar data of Anping County on September 15 to September 20, 2017 are obtained by means of the combination of navigation and fixed vertical monitoring.The results of fixed detection showes that foreign pollutants begin to be imported around 10 pm on the 15th, and the superimposed pollutants peakes around 2 pm on the 16th.The concentration of particulate matter gradually decreased after 2 pm on the 16th, which is in line with the trend of air quality rising first and then falling in accordance with the trend of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.According to the particle trajectory tracking map of the navigation area, the contaminant transport was analyzed Combined with the meteorological conditions at that time.

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Zhou, Fan, Jing Liu, Hang Zhu, Xiaodong Yang e Yunli Fan. "A Real-Time Measurement-Modeling System for Ship Air Pollution Emission Factors". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n.º 6 (31 de maio de 2022): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060760.

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The lack of techniques for monitoring ship emissions all day and in all weather conditions to obtain real-time emission factor values is the main problem in understanding the characteristics of ship emissions, and there is still no perfect solution. In this study, a real-time measurement-modeling system was designed and implemented. The system was divided into three parts: (1) a portable exhaust monitoring device, which could be mounted on a drone, aircraft, patrol boat, dock, and bridge crane, as well as on the shore, to conduct all-weather and real-time online monitoring of ship emissions; (2) a monitoring information platform for ship emissions, based on a Spring + Spring MVC + MyBatis (SSM) framework and Vue front-end technology; and (3) a cloud server that received real-time ship emission measurement data and stored it after verification and analysis to calculate the pollutant gas and particulate matter emission factors. Following development, this system was used to monitor the emissions of ocean-going and inland river ships. Analysis of the acquired data showed that the system could effectively measure the emission factors of ship exhausts full-time in a variety of weather scenarios. This system can improve the efficiency of maritime law enforcement and provide technical support for promoting the construction of ship emission control areas. It can also help researchers obtain ship emission data, as well as an improved understanding of the emission characteristics of ships.

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Menon, Nandini, Grinson George, Rajamohananpillai Ranith, Velakandy Sajin, Shreya Murali, Anas Abdulaziz, Robert J. W. Brewin e Shubha Sathyendranath. "Citizen Science Tools Reveal Changes in Estuarine Water Quality Following Demolition of Buildings". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 9 (27 de abril de 2021): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091683.

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Turbidity and water colour are two easily measurable properties used to monitor pollution. Here, we highlight the utility of a low-cost device—3D printed, hand-held Mini Secchi disk (3DMSD) with Forel-Ule (FU) colour scale sticker on its outer casing—in combination with a mobile phone application (‘TurbAqua’) that was provided to laymen for assessing the water quality of a shallow lake region after demolition of four high-rise buildings on the shores of the lake. The demolition of the buildings in January 2020 on the banks of a tropical estuary—Vembanad Lake (a Ramsar site) in southern India—for violation of Indian Coastal Regulation Zone norms created public uproar, owing to the consequences of subsequent air and water pollution. Measurements of Secchi depth and water colour using the 3DMSD along with measurements of other important water quality variables such as temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) using portable instruments were taken for a duration of five weeks after the demolition to assess the changes in water quality. Paired t-test analyses of variations in water quality variables between the second week of demolition and consecutive weeks up to the fifth week showed that there were significant increases in pH, dissolved oxygen, and Secchi depth over time, i.e., the impact of demolition waste on the Vembanad Lake water quality was found to be relatively short-lived, with water clarity, colour, and DO returning to levels typical of that period of year within 4–5 weeks. With increasing duration after demolition, there was a general decrease in the FU colour index to 17 at most stations, but it did not drop to 15 or below, i.e., towards green or blue colour indicating clearer waters, during the sampling period. There was no significant change in salinity from the second week to the fifth week after demolition, suggesting little influence of other factors (e.g., precipitation or changes in tidal currents) on the inferred impact of demolition waste. Comparison with pre-demolition conditions in the previous year (2019) showed that the relative changes in DO, Secchi depth, and pH were very high in 2020, clearly depicting the impact of demolition waste on the water quality of the lake. Match-ups of the turbidity of the water column immediately before and after the demolition using Sentinel 2 data were in good agreement with the in situ data collected. Our study highlights the power of citizen science tools in monitoring lakes and managing water resources and articulates how these activities provide support to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets on Health (Goal 3), Water quality (Goal 6), and Life under the water (Goal 14).

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Fadillah, Arif, Fuad Maulana e Putra Pratama. "POTENSI PENERAPAN KONSEP ECO PORT PADA RE- DESIGN MASTER PLAN PELABUHAN PERIKANAN MUARA ANGKE". ALBACORE Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut 8, n.º 1 (14 de fevereiro de 2024): 045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/core.8.1.045-054.

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Pelabuhan menjadi salah satu tempat yang dibangun khusus sebagai tempat bersandar kapal. Pelabuhan dibagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu pelabuhan khusus dan pelabuhan umum. Pelabuhan Perikanan Muara Angke menjadi salah satu pelabuhan khusus yang ada di Indonesia. Pelabuhan Perikanan Muara Angke pada tahun 2019 direncanakan akan mengalami re-design, dalam perencanaannya hasil re-design perlu adanya penerapan konsep eco port dan penerapan renewable energy sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 44 Tahun 2014 tentang pelabuhan dan bandar udara yang sehat. Penelitian ini akan merencanakan fasilitas penunjang konsep eco port dan penerapan renewable energy serta analisa perbandingan dengan penggunaan energi konvensional. Untuk menentukan fasilitas penunjang digunakan metode checklist dan gap analysis, PPN Muara Angke perlu menambahkan fasilitas berupa water treatment, reverse osmosis, fire hydrant, shore power connection, air pollution monitor serta EV charging sebagai fasilitas penunjang eco port. Perhitungan kebutuhan solar panel didapatkan 4359 unit dan wind turbine 25 unit. Penggunaan renewable energy tidak dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan daya listrik Pelabuhan Perikanan Muara Angke sehingga harus menggunakan system hybrid yang diperoleh dari sumber energi terbarukan dan energi konvensional. Kata kunci : Eco Port ,Pelabuhan Perikanan Muara Angke, Re-Design, Renewable Energy

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Santos, Dércia, Simone Varandas, João Soares Carrola, Maria José Saavedra, Ana Luzio, Sandra M. Monteiro e Edna Cabecinha. "Environmental Health Assessment of the Northwest Portuguese Coast—Biochemical Biomarker Responses in the Marine Gastropod Phorcus lineatus". Water 16, n.º 1 (19 de dezembro de 2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16010005.

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Coastal areas are frequently impacted by anthropogenic pollution, due to intense human activity in these zones. Our study aimed to monitor the impacts of anthropogenic pollution in four Portuguese locations on the northwest coast, and to identify the most affected areas and/or seasons by applying a multi-biomarker approach. Water and specimens of Phorcus lineatus were collected on the rocky shore during low tide in four sites along the northwest Portuguese coast (1. Amorosa; 2. Cabo do Mundo; 3. Homem do Leme; 4. S. Félix da Marinha) with different anthropogenic pressures, including an industrial maritime shipyard; an oil refinery; an international airport; and an area with high human population density. The collection took place over two seasons: the summer of 2021 and the winter of 2022. Several biochemical biomarkers, including reactive oxygen species; protein carbonyl content; lipid peroxidation (LPO); carboxylesterase (CE); and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and neurotoxicity—acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) enzymes were measured. The results showed seasonal variation, with the ROS, LPO, CE, and GST activities depending particularly on the season, but the SOD and CAT activities being similar between summer and winter. CAT showed lower activity in Site 1 than in the other sites during both seasons (p < 0.05). The Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index showed that biomarker responses were higher in winter. The multivariate analysis confirmed the higher contribution of the factor season to the P. lineatus’ response to pollutants, compared to the spatial variation in the northwest Portuguese coast. Overall, this study shows that P. lineatus can be a suitable bioindicator species for environmental biomonitoring, and that the IBR index allows the identification of temporal contamination patterns.

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Schalm, Olivier, Gustavo Carro, Borislav Lazarov, Werner Jacobs e Marianne Stranger. "Reliability of Lower-Cost Sensors in the Analysis of Indoor Air Quality on Board Ships". Atmosphere 13, n.º 10 (27 de setembro de 2022): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101579.

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Air quality in and around ships is governed by a variety of pollution sources that are unique for the shipping context. This makes the living and working conditions on ships substantially different from situations in cities or inside buildings. To gain insight into these differences, information about trends and absolute pollutant amounts on board ships is needed. However, the installation of reference instruments to monitor NO2, NO, O3, particulate matter and other environmental parameters is often not possible because of their size, weight or because of safety reasons. For that reason, more compact devices incorporating a variety of sensors are a good alternative. However, the use of such sensors is only possible when their behaviour and performance in a shipping context are well understood. To study this context, we were allowed to compare sensor-based measurements performed on a 36-year old ship dedicated to near shore operations with measurements of reference-grade instruments. Additional behavioural information of sensors is obtained by measuring campaigns organized on several inland ships. This contribution demonstrates that trends registered by gas and particulate matter sensors are reliable but that insufficient detection limits, higher noise, imperfect calibration and sensor errors result in some reliability constraints.

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Busler, J., H. Wehn e L. Woodhouse. "TRACKING VESSELS TO ILLEGAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGES USING MULTISOURCE VESSEL INFORMATION". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (30 de abril de 2015): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-927-2015.

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Illegal discharge of bilge waters is a significant source of oil and other environmental pollutants in Canadian and international waters. Imaging satellites are commonly used to monitor large areas to detect oily discharges from vessels, off-shore platforms and other sources. While remotely sensed imagery provides a snap-shot picture useful for detecting a spill or the presence of vessels in the vicinity, it is difficult to directly associate a vessel to an observed spill unless the vessel is observed while the discharge is occurring. The situation then becomes more challenging with increased vessel traffic as multiple vessels may be associated with a spill event. By combining multiple sources of vessel location data, such as Automated Information Systems (AIS), Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) and SAR-based ship detection, with spill detections and drift models we have created a system that associates detected spill events with vessels in the area using a probabilistic model that intersects vessel tracks and spill drift trajectories in both time and space. Working with the Canadian Space Agency and the Canadian Ice Service’s Integrated Satellite Tracking of Pollution (ISTOP) program, we use spills observed in Canadian waters to demonstrate the investigative value of augmenting spill detections with temporally sequenced vessel and spill tracking information.

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Kiyemba, Hussein, Bernard Barasa, Joyfred Asaba, Paul Makoba Gudoyi e Gertrude Akello. "Water Hyacinth’s Extent and Its Implication on Water Quality in Lake Victoria, Uganda". Scientific World Journal 2023 (31 de março de 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4947272.

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Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) degrades and obstructs the integrity of freshwater ecosystems. However, little attention has been paid to monitoring water hyacinth’s spatial extent, its determinants, and its effects on water quality in Lake Victoria, Uganda. The specific objectives of this paper are to (i) assess the spatial extent and distribution of water hyacinth; (ii) examine the determinants of water hyacinth distribution, and (iii) assess its impact on water quality. High-resolution satellite images (2016–2019) were obtained and used to monitor the spatial extent of the water hyacinth, a household survey was conducted to examine the determinants of the water hyacinth’s extent and patterns while water samples were drawn and analysed for physicochemical properties. Results show that the coverage and distribution of water hyacinth varied over space and time. Water hyacinth coverage primarily increased with a decrease in water surface area. The perceived factors that triggered the water hyacinth spread included the morphology of the Bay, effluent discharge, strong winds, speed of water current, water-level changes, ferry navigation, and construction activities at the shore. Water parameters significantly impacted by hyacinth were pH, TP, BOD, COD, DO, turbidity, and transparency. This study recommends the strict development and implementation of integrated weed control measures, catchment management plans, and point and nonpoint pollution source control.

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Qin, Yongqiang, Xiaoyü Ren, Hanye Ju, Yankun Zhang, Jin Liu, Jiliang Zhang e Xiaoping Diao. "Occurrence and Distribution of Antibiotics in a Tropical Mariculture Area of Hainan, China: Implications for Risk Assessment and Management". Toxics 11, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 2023): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050421.

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With the rapid global demand for mariculture products in recent years, the use of antibiotics has increased intensively in the mariculture area. Current research on antibiotic residues in mariculture environments is limited, and less information is available on the presence of antibiotics in tropical waters, limiting a comprehensive understanding of their environmental presence and risk. Therefore, this study investigated the environmental occurrence and distribution of 50 antibiotics in the near-shore aquaculture waters of Fengjia Bay. A total of 21 antibiotics were detected in 12 sampling sites, including 11 quinolones, 5 sulfonamides, 4 tetracyclines, and 1 chloramphenicol; the quinolones pyrimethamine (PIP), delafloxacin (DAN), flurofloxacin (FLE), ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), pefloxacin (PEF), enrofloxacin (ENO), and minocycline (MNO) of the tetracycline class were detected in all sampling points. The total antibiotic residue concentrations in the study area ranged from 153.6 to 1550.8 ng/L, the tetracycline antibiotics were detected in the range of 10 to 1344.7 ng/L, and the chloramphenicol antibiotics were detected in the range of 0 to 106.9 ng/L. The detected concentrations of quinolones ranged from 81.3 to 136.1 ng/L, and the residual concentrations of sulfonamide antibiotics ranged from 0 to 313.7 ng/L. The correlation analysis with environmental factors revealed that pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity, NH3−-N, and total phosphorus had a strong correlation with antibiotics. Based on PCA analysis, the main sources of antibiotic pollution in the area were determined to be the discharge of farming wastewater and domestic sewage. The ecological risk assessment indicated that the residual antibiotics in the water environment of the near-shore waters of Fengjiawan had certain risks to the ecosystem. Among them, CIP, NOR, sulfamethoxazole (TMP), ofloxacin (OFL), enrofloxacin (ENO), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and FLE showed medium to high risk. Therefore, it is recommended to regulate the use of these antibiotics and the discharge and treatment of culturing wastewater, and measures should be taken to reduce the environmental pollution caused by antibiotics and to monitor the long-term ecological risk of antibiotics in the region. Overall, our results provide an important reference for understanding the distribution and ecological risk of antibiotics in Fengjiawan.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Monitor pollution on shores"

Trieu, Thanh Ngoan. "Open data and environment simulation : environmental and social simulation on distributed process systems based on irregular cell space". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0047.

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La combinaison d’automates cellulaires (CA) et de systèmes distribués offre un moyen simple de modéliser les problèmes environnementaux et sociaux en divisant les zones d’intérêt en segments spatiales discrètes pour le calcul parallèle. L’évolution de l’état de chaque segment est divisée en étapes temporelles discrètes. Les divisions géographiques en tant qu’espace cellulaire irrégulier permettent de tirer parti des données ouvertes pour alimenter les systèmes de simulation. Les données sont analysées pour en déduire les règles de transition apportant des influences distribuées dans un quartier. Une étude de cas de modélisation de la propagation épidémique basée sur les divisions administratives est présentée. Étant donné l’hypothèse que l’épidémie se propage aux personnes vivant dans le quartier, un système de simulation est généré en fonction des voisins adjacents avec des conditions initiales de collecte à partir du portail de données ouvertes du gouvernement. Une approche hybride est introduite avec la coopération entre les tuiles régulières et les espaces cellulaires irréguliers dans la modélisation des activités côtières. Une simulation environnementale est nécessaire pour représenter les caractéristiques du sol et de la mer qui se propagent dans les deux espaces. Ces caractéristiques sont très différentes en raison de la capacité et de la réaction du sol, et du comportement de la mer, en particulier les courants et les marées. Le problème des marées vertes est modélisé lorsque les nutriments sont présents en concentrations élevées et piégés par les courants de marée
The combination of Cellular automata (CA) and distributed systems provide a simple way to model environmental and social issues by dividing the relevant areas into discrete spatial segments for parallel computation. The state evolution of each segment is divided into discrete time steps. Geographic divisions as irregular cell space give a chance to take advantage of Open Data in feeding the simulation systems. Data are analyzed to deduce the transition rules bringing distributed influences in a neighborhood. A case study of epidemic propagation modeling based on geographic divisions is presented. Given an assumption that the epidemic is spreading to people living in the neighborhood, a simulation system is generated based on adjacent neighbors with initial conditions collected from the government open data portal. A hybrid approach is introduced with the cooperation between regular tiles and irregular cellspaces in modeling shore activities. Environmental simulation is needed to represent ground and sea characteristics modeling spreading occurring on both spaces. These characteristics are very different due to soil capability and reaction, and sea behavior, in particular currents and tides. The problem of green tides is modeled when nutrients arepresented in high concentrations and entrapped by tidal currents

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Andreini, Rebecca <1985&gt. "Non conventional species as monitor of environmental pollution". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10468/3/Andreini_Rebecca_tesi.pdf.

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This thesis collects several ecotoxicological studies focused on the quali- quantitative analysis of several classes of chemical compounds. Our studies have been conducted on different aquatic species occupying different food chain trophic levels and characterized by differences in biology, ethology, and nutrition, but all considered excellent bioindicators. This choice allowed us to have a broad overview of the contamination of aquatic environments. Detrimental effects of several chemical compounds on the species investigated have been discussed, considering the economic and public health implications linked to the pollution of the environment and the exposure to old and emerging xenobiotics. Our studies underline the importance of a multidisciplinary and integrated approach that includes the application of the one health concept to ensure the protection of public health and respect for natural environments. Studies collected in this thesis also aim to overcome some critical limitations of the branch of ecotoxicology, such as the lack of standardization in laboratory methods. Our data also underline the importance of expanding research to a greater number of various biological matrices than those indicated by the literature as target tissues for specific pollutants. This condition enables more detailed information on the kinetics of xenobiotics in animal organisms. Our studies also allow us to expand the knowledge related to the mechanisms of synergy and antagonism of mixtures of pollutants that can simultaneously accumulate in wildlife.
Questa tesi raccoglie diversi studi ecotossicologici, che implicano una analisi quali-quantitativa relativa alla detezione di diverse classi di inquinanti su diverse specie acquatiche, che occupano differenti livelli trofici della catena alimentare, e che sono caratterizzati da differenze biologiche, etologiche e dietetiche, ma tutti considerati eccellenti bioindicatori. Questa scelta ci ha permesso di avere un'ampia panoramica della contaminazione degli ambienti acquatici. Sono stati discussi gli effetti dannosi di diversi composti chimici sulle singole specie in esame, considerando anche le implicazioni economiche e relative alla tutela della salute pubblica legate all'inquinamento dell'ambiente e all'esposizione a xenobiotici conosciuti ed emergenti. I nostri studi sottolineano l'importanza di un approccio multidisciplinare e integrato che includa l'applicazione del concetto di One Health per garantire la protezione della salute pubblica e il rispetto degli ambienti naturali. Gli studi raccolti in questa tesi mirano anche a superare alcuni importanti limiti della branca dell'ecotossicologia, come la mancanza di standardizzazione nelle metodiche laboratoristiche. I nostri dati sottolineano anche l'importanza di espandere la ricerca a un numero maggiore di matrici biologiche diverse rispetto a quelle indicate dalla letteratura come tessuti bersaglio per specifici inquinanti. Questa condizione consente di ottenere informazioni più dettagliate sulla cinetica degli xenobiotici negli organismi animali. I nostri studi permettono anche di ampliare le conoscenze relative ai meccanismi di sinergia e antagonismo delle miscele di inquinanti che possono accumularsi contemporaneamente nella fauna selvatica.

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Barnes, Nicholas John. "Use of population structure and dynamics to monitor chronic freshwater pollution". Thesis, Coventry University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315173.

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Burton, Susan Mary. "Evaluation of stream meiofauna as a monitor of trace metal contamination". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2168.

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Members of the meiobenthos have been used extensively to determine the effects of anthropogenic perturbation in marine systems (Coull & Chandler, 1992). Despite this, the meiofauna has been virtually excluded from freshwater pollution monitoring. This thesis aimed to address this research caveat, by evaluating the potential of stream meiofauna for monitoring metal-contamination. Meiofaunal communities were sampled from streams in SW England representing a gradient in metal contamination. Environmental variables in these streams were also measured to identify the important forcing agents structuring the stream benthos. Multivariate techniques demonstrated Cu, either alone or in combination with other environmental variables was of most importance in correlations with the composition of meiofaunal communities. Comparison with the macrofaunal data demonstrated that both components of the benthos responded in a similar way to metal contamination, although the meiofauna also highlighted other differences in water chemistry. The combination of meiofauna, macrofauna and temporary meiofauna in a combined metazoan community analysis gave the best discrimination of sites. Detection of metal-contamination was retained in meiofaunal data aggregated to the family level. The abundances of the harpacticoid copepod Bryocamptus zschokkei were consistently important in contributing to between-site differences in community structure. The harpacticoid, therefore was selected as an ecologically-relevant freshwater toxicity test for Cu. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that Cu had toxic effects on the survival and reproduction of Bryocamptus zschokkei. Although acute toxicity tests gave more rapid results, these effects on survival occurred at a higher Cu concentration than those in the chronic tests. Sub-lethal concentrations of Cu led to a reduction in the numbers of offspring per brood Animals with pre-exposure to chronic concentrations of Cu exhibited greater tolerance to this metal. In conclusion, more information may be gained by including the meiofauna, alongside the macrofauna, when monitoring the impact of contaminants on freshwater systems. To reduce the effort of processing samples it appears family level data could be used to detect metal-contamination. The novel use of B. zschokkei in laboratory tests, where it showed lethal and sub-lethal responses to Cu, demonstrated that this species may have much potential as an ecologically-relevant freshwater bioassay organism for this metal. The advantages of using meiofaunal species such as B. zschokkei as toxicity test organisms are discussed.

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Chiu, Hok-cheung Simon, e 周鶴祥. "The use of bacteria to monitor and reflect pollution of the aquatic environment". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210740.

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Baguma, Richard. "Comparison between chemical and tissue culture methods to monitor environmental estrogens". University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5107.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are exogenous compounds/chemicals in the environment that interfere with the synthesis, secretion, distribution and function or elimination of natural hormones in the body. Environmental estrogens are a subclass of EDCs that may mimic or inhibit the effect of endogenous estrogen and can therefore influence developmental and reproductive health in humans and animals. EDCs have been reported to adversely affect the reproductive, immune, endocrine and nervous systems of wildlife and humans. The effects of EDCs include gonadal abnormalities, altered male/female sex ratios, reduced fertility and cancers of the male and female reproductive tract to mention a few. These effects are difficult to detect. Although it is essential to screen for EDCs in aqueous environmental samples, most countries have failed to implement this as part of their routine water quality monitoring programs due to various constraints such as the high cost of assays and the lack of infrastructure and skills required to do the assays. Therefore, there is a clear need for more user-friendly, more economically viable and time saving assays that can be used for routine monitoring of environmental EDCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparison between chemical and tissue culture methods to monitor environmental estrogens. 28 environmental water samples were collected from various sites around South Africa and analyzed for EDCs using a battery of rapid in vitro tests. Samples collected for the current study were selected based on various human impacts and also to give approximately 50% high and 50% low estrogen values. The 28 environmental water samples were separated into two groups based on the estradiol ELISA. The estradiol ELISA was chosen because estradiol is the principal estrogen found in all mammalian species during their reproductive years. For this separation, an estradiol level of 5 pg/ml was used as cut-off. Of the 28 samples investigated, 15 had estradiol levels higher than 5 pg/ml and were designated as high estradiol. The remaining 13 samples contained estradiol at 5 pg/ml or less and they were designated as low estradiol. The first objective of this study was to compare different rapid ELISAs for EDC monitoring to determine if the data obtained with these assays are similar/identical. The data obtained from the estrogenic ELISAs was related/similar and showed good correlation with each other. This is because the different estrogens are very similar and also due to the fact that the same sub-group in the population (the reproductively active females) is secreting these hormones. Therefore, an estradiol rapid assay was proposed as a first screening system for estrogens in samples. Even though there was a positive correlation between the estradiol rapid assay and testosterone rapid assay, separation of samples based on estradiol levels wasn’t a good predictor of testosterone levels in the samples. A testosterone rapid assay was therefore recommended as necessary to screen for androgens in samples. The positive correlation between the estradiol rapid assay and progesterone rapid assay was expected because both estradiol and progesterone are secreted and excreted by the same population sub-group (reproductively active females). This study also demonstrated a good predictability of separating samples containing progesterone using the estradiol ELISA. Progesterone is secreted by pregnant women, a sub-group of the reproductively active females. It is advised that a progesterone rapid assay be included to screen samples for progestogens. The second objective of this study was to compare estradiol rapid ELISAs with a bioassay for anti-androgenicity using mouse testicular cell cultures. The mouse testicular cell testosterone synthesis bioassay to monitor anti-androgenicity of the samples showed no correlation between the ELISA data for estrogens. This study shows that anti-androgenic effects need to be monitored independently because the data for estrogenic compounds cannot be used as a predictor for anti-androgenic effects. This demonstrated the need for the inclusion of a mouse testicular cell testosterone synthesis bioassay to screen for androgenicity and anti-androgenicity of water samples. In summary, due to the different mechanisms of action of EDCs, this study recommended a battery of assays to monitor for EDCs. The battery of assays suggested is: ●Estradiol ELISA as a rapid assay to screen for estrogens. ●Testosterone ELISA as a rapid assay to screen for androgens. ●Progesterone ELISA as a rapid assay to screen for progestogens. ●Mouse testicular cell testosterone synthesis bioassay to screen for androgenicity and anti-androgenicity.

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Chapman, Peter Stuart. "Exposure to street level particulate pollution in urban Hong Kong and the associated health: application of tramsas a mobile monitor". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42980021.

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Cropper, Paul Michael. "Determination of Fine Particulate Matter Composition and Development of the Organic Aerosol Monitor". Thesis, Brigham Young University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10107987.

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Tropospheric fine particulate matter (PM) poses serious health risks and has a significant impact on global climate change. The measurement of various aspects of PM is challenging due to its complex chemical nature. This dissertation addresses various aspects of PM, including composition, measurement, and visibility. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a new secondary standard based on visibility in urban areas using 24-h averaged measurements of either light scatter or PM concentration. However shorter averaging times may better represent human perception of visibility. Data from two studies conducted in Lindon, UT, 2012, and Rubidoux, CA, 2003, were used to compare different techniques to estimate visibility, particularly the effect of relative humidity on visibility estimations. Particle composition was measured in Salt Lake City during January-February of 2009. One-hour averaged concentrations of several gas phase and particle phase inorganic species were measured. The results indicate ammonium nitrate averages 40% of the total PM2.5 mass in the absence of inversions and up to 69% during strong inversions. Also, the formation of ammonium nitrate is nitric acid limited, while the formation of ozone appears to be oxidant and volatile organic carbon (VOC) limited. Reduction of NOx will reduce ammonium nitrate secondary particle formation, however, a decrease in NOx may increase ozone concentration.

Due to the complexity of PM it is poorly characterized. A large fraction of PM is composed of organic compounds, but these compounds are not regularly monitored due to limitations in current sampling techniques. The GC-MS Organic Aerosol Monitor (OAM) combines a collection device with thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to quantitatively measure the carbonaceous components of PM on an hourly averaged basis. A compact GC and simple pre-concentrator were developed for the system to decouple separation from manual injection and enhance separation of environmentally-relevant polar organic compounds, such as levoglucosan. The GC-MS OAM is fully automated and has been successfully deployed in the field. It uses a chemically deactivated filter for collection followed by thermal desorption and GC-MS analysis. Laboratory tests show that detection limits range from 0.2 to 3 ng for many atmospherically relevant compounds. The GC-MS OAM was deployed in the field for semi-continuous measurement of the organic markers, levoglucosan, dehydroabietic acid, and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during winter (January to March), 2015 and 2016. Results illustrate the significance of this monitoring technique to more fully characterize the organic components of PM and identify sources of pollution.

Keywords: air pollution, fine particulate matter, PM_2.5, secondary organic aerosol, organic markers, levoglucosan, PMF.

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Chapman, Peter Stuart. "Exposure to street level particulate pollution in urban Hong Kong and the associated health application of trams as a mobile monitor /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42980021.

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Liu, Xiaoting. "Developing a scientific basis for utilisation of low-cost sensing technologies towards quantitative assessments of air pollution and its sources". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212115/1/Xiaoting_Liu_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis develops a scientific basis for the use of low-cost sensing technologies for quantitative assessment of air pollution and its sources. It has extensively identified the capabilities and limitations of low-cost sensors in laboratory and field environments. Essentially, it has demonstrated that low-cost sensors are capable of monitoring air quality with a high degree of accuracy in different locations (e.g., highly polluted areas) and for different purposes (e.g., citizen science projects for raising environmental awareness).

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Livros sobre o assunto "Monitor pollution on shores"

International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association. Biological impacts of oil pollution: Sedimentary shores. London: IPIECA, 1999.

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Office, World Bank Indonesia. Indonesia environment monitor, 2003: Special focus, reducing pollution. Jakarta, Indonesia: World Bank, Indonesia Office, 2003.

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National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.), Sandia National Laboratories e United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Photoacoustic infrared monitor: Innova AirTech Instruments type 1312 multi-gas monitor. Las Vegas, Nev: National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998.

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Einfeld, Wayne. Photoacoustic infrared monitor: Innova AirTech Instruments type 1312 multi-gas monitor. Las Vegas, Nev: National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998.

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1947-, O'Reilly James T., ed. Keeping buildings healthy: How to monitor and prevent indoor environmental problems. New York: Wiley, 1998.

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Program, Maryland Power Plant Research. Environmental review of the air pollution control project at Brandon Shores. Annapolis, Md: Maryland Power Plant Research Program, 2009.

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Campaign, National Wildlife Federation Clean the Rain. Rain check: Conservation groups monitor mercury levels in Milwaukee's rain. Ann Arbor, Mich: National Wildlife Federation, 2001.

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New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Develop and field test Rupprecht & Patashnick (R & P) series-6400 controlled sampling continuous particulate monitor: Final report. Albany, N.Y.]: NYSERDA, 2003.

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P, Hooper Richard, e Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. NASQAN, a program to monitor the water quality of the nation's large rivers. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection. TMDL development for Cahokia Canal--Horseshoe Lake watershed and Cahokia Creek--Holiday Shores Lake watershed. [Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 2006.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Monitor pollution on shores"

Rajewicz, Wiktoria, Nikolaus Helmer, Thomas Schmickl e Ronald Thenius. "Living Organisms as Sensors for Biohybrid Monitoring Systems". In Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, 348–62. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39504-8_24.

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AbstractMany aquatic habitats have become vulnerable to rapid and long-term changes induced by industrialism, air pollution, tourism, fishing activities etc. These factors created an urgent need for extensive water monitoring and conservation. By observing the behaviour of lifeforms, we can monitor the state of the environment. Here, we present the methodology, calibration approaches and preliminary results of designing a biohybrid entity for aquatic monitoring. Biohybrid robots combine mechanical and electronic elements with living organisms or tissues. This biohybrid consists of several modules, each hosting or attracting different species and communities. We focus on animals such as Daphnia sp., zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and various representatives of the plankton community. The first results showed that 1) both Daphnia and D. polymorpha show no clear signs of confinement-induced stress, 2) the designed structures are examples of suitable tools for hosting the organisms, observing their behaviour and collecting and storing data and 3) their behaviour can be calibrated under laboratory conditions to be able to extrapolate the field data into environmental data.

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Alberotanza, L., G. Aldighieri, P. Cova, C. Ramasco, A. Vianello e G. Zucchetta. "A Method to Monitor the Venice Lagoon". In Water Pollution: Modelling, Measuring and Prediction, 497–504. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3694-5_35.

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Pintado, Manuela, e Alexandra Aragão. "Pollution and Law". In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 85–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24888-7_7.

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AbstractPollution law is the result of decades of legislative evolution in environmental law. The inherent complexity of pollution has legal consequences. Pollution norms are not compiled into one single harmonised pollution law and much less a “pollution code”. This makes it much harder to know, interpret, apply, monitor and implement pollution laws, and to apply sanctions to the violations of those laws. The final reason that explains and justifies efforts to regulate, tax, charge for, clean up, supervise and sanction pollution is protection of the victims of pollution. Intensive linear economic activity, which ignores the limits of the environment and the resulting long-term damage, is depleting the planet’s resources. It is therefore crucial to implement strategies and solutions that enable pollution prevention and that maximise the value of resources. Pollution prevention must be proactive and needs a pre-planned strategy. Current and future generations deserve a pollution-free world. Pollution is a battle that can be won.

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Alloghani, Mohamed Ahmed. "Using AI to Monitor Marine Environmental Pollution: Systematic Review". In Artificial Intelligence and Sustainability, 87–97. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45214-7_5.

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Sudarshan, Anant. "Monitoring Industrial Pollution in India". In Introduction to Development Engineering, 161–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86065-3_7.

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AbstractMany developing countries are attempting to prevent a rapid deterioration of air quality while still encouraging economic growth. In settings where state capacity is severely limited, enhancing the effectiveness of regulators is critical to success. Previous work has documented how Indian environmental regulators are constrained by having poor information on the pollution emitted by manufacturing plants, due to high monitoring costs, corruption, or staff constraints. This case study discusses a pilot project in the Indian state of Gujarat, designed to evaluate the benefits of Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) – technology used to remotely monitor pollution emitted by industrial plants in real time. We show how the institutional context in which CEMS was deployed, which included an inflexible legal and regulatory framework and collusion between industry and labs to falsify data, cannot be divorced from an assessment of the performance of the technology solution. The eventual benefits of CEMS in the status quo regulatory framework proved limited. Nevertheless, the technology also provided an opportunity to change the rules of the game, allowing Gujarat to experiment with India’s first emissions trading scheme.

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Salazar, M. H., e D. B. Chadwick. "Using Real-time Physical/Chemical Sensors and In-situ Biological Indicators to Monitor Water Pollution". In Water Pollution: Modelling, Measuring and Prediction, 463–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3694-5_33.

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Sororian, Sheila A., Heather A. Holmes, Mariel Friberg, Cesunica Ivey, Yongtao Hu, James A. Mulholland, Armistead G. Russell e Matthew J. Strickland. "Temporally and Spatially Resolved Air Pollution in Georgia Using Fused Ambient Monitor Data and Chemical Transport Model Results". In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIII, 301–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1_49.

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Jeran, Z., e R. Jaćimović. "The Use of Lichens and Mosses to Monitor Trace Element Pollution in Slovenia". In Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in Environment, 171–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0993-5_26.

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Reynolds, Karen, e Scott Reynolds. "In Situ Detection of Sewage Pollution and Its Sources in Aquatic Ecosystems". In Using Detection Dogs to Monitor Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Protect Aquatic Resources, 167–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77356-8_5.

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Bernardi, Adriana, Francesca Becherini, Alessandra Bonazza, Barbara Krupinska, Luc Pockelè, René Van Grieken, Sandro De Grandi et al. "A Methodology to Monitor the Pollution Impact on Historic Buildings Surfaces: The TeACH Project". In Progress in Cultural Heritage Preservation, 765–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34234-9_81.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Monitor pollution on shores"

STAPULIONYTĖ, Asta, Skaistė BONDZINSKAITĖ, Monika STRAVINSKAITĖ, Raimondas ŠIUKŠTA, Ričardas TARAŠKEVIČIUS e Tatjana ČĖSNIENĖ. "SOIL GENOTOXICITY BIOMONITORING IN RECULTIVATED FACTORY AREA USING THE CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR ASSAYS IN TWO PLANT TEST-SYSTEMS". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.025.

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Soil pollution with industrial leftovers is of real danger to living organisms since harmful effects can arise after exposure to the contaminants in the soil. In our study, we applied a plant bioassay battery to monitor soil genotoxicity after short-term exposure to the soil. The soil was collected in 3 rounds: at the central part of the brownfield before (S-I) and after (S-III) topsoil removal, and at the brownfield periphery (S-II). The permissible value of the total contamination index is &amp;lt;16 and the corresponding values were 780 in S-I, 69 in S-II and 133 in S-III soil showing that whole brownfield territory is extremely polluted with heavy metals. Cytogenetic markers were recorded in Allium and Tradescantia test-systems and two types of molecular markers, RAPD and ISSR, were analysed in Allium. Our results revealed that the most polluted soil sample has induced an alarming increase of apoptotic cells in onion roots. Chromosome aberration and micronuclei frequency in Allium decreased inconsistently along with the pollution reduction in the soil. Increased frequencies of all cytogenetic markers were revealed in Tradescantia cuttings after exposure to the S-I soil extracts. Cluster analysis of Allium RAPD and ISSR markers showed that the most polluted soil samples induced genetic changes in onions different from those induced by the least polluted soil. Both plant test-systems in this study confirm that soil from the brownfield is harmful to plants and is potentially hazardous to humans.

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Forbes, P. B. C., e E. R. Rohwer. "Application of laser induced fluorescence to monitor atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons". In AIR POLLUTION 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air100331.

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Swaroop, G. Satya, P. Rashmi Reddy e M. Karthik Ravi Teja. "Hygieia- domestic online monitor of water pollution". In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2010.5612132.

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Sekoko, I., A. Kühn, P. Kempster, B. Madikizela, H. van Niekerk, M. van Veelen e J. Slabbert. "Design of a National Radioactivity Monitoring Programme (NRMP) to monitor surface water resources in South Africa". In WATER POLLUTION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp060361.

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Voogt, M. H., A. R. A. Eijk, M. P. Keuken e P. Zandveld. "Elemental carbon as an indicator to monitor the effectiveness of traffic related measures on local air quality". In AIR POLLUTION 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air110121.

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Zak, Jaromir, Jaromir Hubalek e Rene Kizek. "Advanced mobile environment monitor with ability of pollution assessment". In 2011 34th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2011.6053959.

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Reddy, P. Rashmi, G. Satya Swaroop e M. Karthik Ravi Teja. "Mathematical analysis for constant household monitor of water pollution". In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2010.5612116.

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Tongneng He e Sha Zhang. "Application of localization algorithm in monitor system of pollution emergency". In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5966080.

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Tipayarom, Danutawat, Tiwat Santisophonkul e Aungsiri Tipayarom. "Development of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Monitoring Drone System". In The Silpakorn International Conference on Total Art and Science (2nd SICTAS 2023) jointly with the International Conference on Engineering and Industrial Technology 2023 (3rd ICEIT 2023). Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-wwl5jw.

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Currently, the predominant methodology for assessing air quality in Thailand entails the deployment of air quality monitoring stations. In particular, EGAT's power facilities presently employ such stations for air quality assessment. The use of drones for air quality measurements reduces the variability of measurements and can determine the primary source of the air pollution. Therefore, the air quality monitoring system by unmanned aerial vehicles or drones will be a guideline that can be used to effectively reduce the time and cost of air quality monitoring in and around EGAT's power plants. The objective of this endeavor is to engineer a drone system integrated with specialized sensors for the purpose of real-time monitoring and data acquisition of air quality parameters, with results seamlessly relayed to an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. Applying drone is successful to implement air quality monitoring which parameters are PM2.5 and PM10. This drone can monitor particulate matter at both PM2.5 and PM10 concentration while this monitoring data is recorded and sent to an IOT platform, called Things.egat.co.th platform. In this experiment, the result shows that the air quality data from drone is comparable with the data of EGAT’s air quality mobile station. The results of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration were real-time displayed in the dashboard as graphs. This graphical interface facilitates comparisons over time, accessible via mobile phones or computers with uninterrupted internet connectivity. The average relative errors for PM concentrations measured by the cost-effective air quality monitoring drone systems stand at 7%, signifying a reliable means for monitoring particulate matter within an atmospheric context. It is therefore, established that this advancement in drone technology for Air Quality Monitoring attains the status of low-cost prototype of particulate matter monitoring drone system tailored for EGAT.

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Schlosser, V., M. Drapalik e G. Klinger. "About the usability of a photovoltaic module to monitor air pollution". In 2011 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccep.2011.6036378.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Monitor pollution on shores"

Koerner, R., R. Dubey e M. Parnandi. Scientists monitor climate and pollution from ice caps and glaciers. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/127539.

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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn e Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Roadside Transportation-Related Air Quality (StarTraq 2021): A Characterization of Bike Trails and Highways in the Fresno/Clovis Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2128.

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The San Joaquin Valley is identified as an area with a high level of particulate matter (PM) in the air, reaching above the federal and state clean air standards (EPA 2019). Many of the cities in the valley are classified as the most polluted cities in the United States for both particulate matter and ozone pollution (American Lung Association, 2021). To resolve this issue, alternative forms of transportation have been considered in transportation planning. In this study, active transportation mode air quality was monitored on selected Woodward Park and Old Clovis trails and urban bike lanes. Real-time aerosol monitors, and low-cost sensors were carried in a backpack on bicycles during the sampling. Researchers collected GPS data via a portable GPS technology called Tracksticks. Driving transportation mode air quality data was acquired from the roadways within the Fresno/Clovis area, spanning six sampling routes, and during intercity trips between Fresno, Berkeley, and Los Angeles, for a total of five sampling routes. ‘On-Road' (outside vehicle) monitors were installed on the roof of a vehicle while ‘In-Vehicle’ monitors were installed inside the vehicle for comparison with the particulate pollution levels in the two contrasting microenvironments. The results showed the following three main outcomes: (1) clear relationships exist among PMs of different sizes; (2) there were greater variations in air quality of bike trails and On-Road samples than backyard and In-Vehicle samples; (3) we observed significant differences in air quality inside and outside the vehicle while driving local and intercity roadways; and (4) the road trip to the Bay area revealed that San Joaquin Valley has increased ambient PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) levels compared to those in the Bay Area on every trip, regardless of the daily change of the air quality.

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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn e Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.

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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.

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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment e Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.

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Struthers, Kim. Natural resource conditions at Fort Pulaski National Monument: Findings and management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, dezembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300064.

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The National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division’s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program initiated an NRCA project with Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU) in 2022. The purpose of an NRCA is to synthesize information related to the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions at a park and to report conditions for natural resource topics selected by park managers. Resource conditions are evaluated as either a condition assessment or a gap analysis, depending on data availability. For FOPU’s NRCA, managers selected salt marsh, shorebirds, Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and butterflies as the focal resources. FOPU is comprised of two islands in coastal Georgia, McQueens and Cockspur, which are separated by the Savannah River near its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean. Cockspur Island contains the 19th century masonry fort, Fort Pulaski, and the monument’s visitor services and facilities and is primarily constructed with dredge material from the Savannah River. McQueens Island is almost entirely salt marsh habitat and most of its area is eligible federal wilderness, containing one of Georgia’s oyster recreational harvest areas (RHAs), Oyster Creek RHA. Both McQueens and Cockspur islands are designated as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Area (MPA), underscoring FOPU’s natural resource significance. Riverine, freshwater, and estuarine wetlands cover 83.81% of FOPU, with the latter accounting for almost 99% of all monument wetlands. Persistently emergent vegetation of smooth cordgrasses (Spartina spp.) and unconsolidated shore represent the dominant wetland types. McQueens Island estuarine wetlands were evaluated for 11 functions and were rated primarily as high functioning, except for the wetland north of Highway 80, where the causeway has altered its ability to function properly. The wetland west of the Highway 80 bend is composed of unconsolidated material so was rated as moderately functioning in carbon sequestration, retention of sediments, and shore stabilization. In contrast, the unconsolidated shore wetland in the Oyster Creek RHA, where the highest concentration of FOPU’s oysters occurs, were rated high for all expected wetland functions. In 2013, over 75% of the total oyster area from within four of Georgia’s RHAs was in the Oyster Creek RHA. A spectral analysis of oyster density in Oyster Creek RHA, comparing 2013 and 2018 images, reported an increase in the high-density class, a decrease in the moderate-low class, and an increase in the no oyster class, with the latter likely a function of how oyster areas were drawn between the images. A successful 2013 enhanced reef project in Oyster Creek RHA reported a pre-enhancement oyster area of 2.68 m2 (28.8 ft2) that increased to 894.2 m2 (0.22 ac) of oysters by 2018. FOPU’s extensive salt marsh habitat and beaches provide critical food sources and habitat for shorebirds in the Atlantic Flyway, especially during the pre-breeding season. The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), and the federally threatened rufa subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) are identified as high priority species in the flyway and have been observed on Cockspur Island during the Manomet International Shorebird Surveys (2019–2022) at FOPU. The USFWS (2023) is seeking additional critical habitat designation, which will include Cockspur Island, for the rufa subspecies of Red Knot, whose estimated population abundance trend is declining throughout its entire range. FOPU’s non-wetland, upland habitat is primarily located on Cockspur Island and supports vegetation that can serve as host, roost and/or nectar plants for pollinators, especially butterflies. Cedar–Live Oak–Cabbage Palmetto (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola–Q. virginiana–Sabal palmetto) Marsh Hammock and Cabbage Palmetto Woodland contain the most diversity of beneficial butterfly plants. While a comprehensive butterfly inventory is needed, fall migration surveys have recorded three target species of the Butterflies of the Atlantic Flyway (BAFA): monarch (Danaus plexippus), gulf fritillary (Agraulis vanillae), and cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae). Collectively, FOPU’s natural resources are affected by the sea level, which has risen by 0.35 m (1.15 ft) from 1935 to 2022. Hardened shorelines, such as causeways or armored structures, are identified as the greatest threat to the salt marsh habitat’s ability to migrate upland with continued sea level rise. Erosion along Cockspur Island’s north shore is an ongoing issue and FOPU managers have been working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop solutions to address the erosion, while also creating habitat for shorebirds. Several agencies routinely monitor for water and sediment pollution in and around FOPU, which, if managed collectively, can inform landscape-level management actions to address drivers that are influencing resource conditions at the ecosystem level.

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Bingham, Sonia, Craig Young e Tanni Hubbard. Sentinel wetlands in Cuyahoga Valley National Park: II. Condition trends for wetlands of management concern, 2008?2018. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301705.

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Twenty important management areas (wetlands of management concern) and reference wetlands compose the sentinel wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley National Park. These wetlands are monitored more intensively than other wetlands in the program. This is the second report in a two-part series, designed to summarize the results from intensive vegetation surveys completed at sentinel wetlands from 2008 to 2018. The first report (Bingham and Young 2023) characterized the conditions in each wetland and provided baseline reference information for other reports and site-specific projects. In this report, we examine results from five selected metrics more closely within and across three natural wetlands of management concern groups (restoration wetlands, mitigation wetlands, and rare habitat wetlands) using the reference wetlands as overall benchmarks. We used the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM) to evaluate habitat in the sentinel wetlands. In addition, a total of 37 long-term sample plots were established within these wetlands to monitor biological conditions over time using vegetation as an indicator. Multiple plots were located in larger wetland complexes to capture spatial differences in condition. Vegetation was intensively surveyed within the plots using the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity (VIBI), where all plant species are identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species). The sample plots were surveyed twice, and the five evaluation metrics included the VIBI score, Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI), percent sensitive plant species, percent invasive graminoids, and species richness. For the analysis, VIBI plot locations were rank ordered based on their 2018 scores, the range and average for each metric was examined across the wetlands of management concern groups and plotted against reference wetlands for comparison, and the two survey years (pre-2015 and 2018) were plotted against each other for substantial changes from the established baseline. Across the sample plot locations, VIBI scores ranged from a low of 7 (Stanford Run SF1) to a high of 91 (Columbia Run 554). The top scoring plots were at four reference wetlands (Stumpy Basin 526, Virginia Kendall Lake 241K, Columbia Run 554, and Boston Mills 683) and one rare habitat wetland (Beaver Marsh BM3). All of these plots fell within an excellent condition range in one or both survey years. They each have unique habitats with some specialized plant species. The majority (24) of the sentinel wetlands plots ranked within the poor or fair ranges. These include the three mitigation wetlands: Brookside 968, Rockside RS2, and Krejci, as well as all plots within the Pleasant Valley and Stanford Run wetlands. Most of the large wetlands had dramatic condition differences within their boundaries? effected by pollution sources, land-use modifications, and/or invasive species in some areas more than others. We documented these wide condition ranges at Fawn Pond, Virginia Kendall Lake, Beaver Marsh and Stumpy Basin, but the most pronounced within-wetland differences were at Virginia Kendall Lake, which had a 58-point difference between the highest and lowest scoring plot. Fawn Pond is in good condition at most plots and scored very high in comparison to other wetlands within the riverine mainstem hydrogeomorphic class. The average and range of most metric scores were notably different across the four different wetlands groups. Average values at rare habitat wetlands plots were similar to reference plots for VIBI and FQAI scores, percent invasive graminoids, and percent sensitive metrics. Krejci KR1 and Fawn Pond FP3 had unusually high percent cover of sensitive species (31.0% and 27.9%, respectively) for the mitigation and restoration groupings. However, average overall metric scores across the restoration and mitigation wetlands were generally very low, with Stanford Run being the lowest scoring restoration wetland and Brookside being the lowest scoring mitigation wetland. With restoration efforts completed, the expectation is that mitigation wetlands should be performing much higher. Two of the three mitigation wetlands sites are not meeting the mitigation benchmarks that were created for them by the US Army Corp of Engineers and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Contractor reports state that the wetlands met the criteria within the first five years of establishment. However, upon release from monitoring and maintenance, invasive species have gradually re-established, which has led to condition deterioration over time, and lower metric scores. VIBI scores stayed the same or improved (only slightly in many cases) in the majority of plots (67.6%) between survey years. The Krecji mitigation wetlands had the largest improvement in VIBI scoring. Scores at six plots decreased by at least 10 points from the baseline survey. Two of the park?s most beloved wetlands, Beaver Marsh (at one location) and the Stumpy Basin reference plot, had the two most notable declines in VIBI scores. In 2018, 11 plots (29.7%) had greater than 25% invasive graminoid cover (e.g. cattail, common reed grass, reed canary grass) and 18 plots (48.7%) experienced an increase in invasive graminoid cover between survey years. A marked increase (>10% cover) in invasive graminoids was documented at eight locations (Rockside 1079RS2, Beaver Marsh BM5, Fawn Pond FP3 and FP4, Brookside 968, Stumpy Basin SB1, and two other Pleasant Valley plots: 1049 and 969). These trends are likely to continue, and biological conditions are expected to deteriorate at these wetlands in response. Regardless of invasive species increases, many of the wetlands showed remarkable resilience over the last decade with fairly stable VIBI categories.

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