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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Molecular hydrogen"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 6 de setembro de 2023

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1

Habart, Emilie, Malcolm Walmsley, Laurent Verstraete, Stephanie Cazaux, Roberto Maiolino, Pierre Cox, Francois Boulanger e Guillaume Pineau Des Forêts. "Molecular Hydrogen". Space Science Reviews 119, n.º 1-4 (agosto de 2005): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-005-8062-1.

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2

Saldan, Ivan, Yuliia Stetsiv, Viktoriia Makogon, Yaroslav Kovalyshyn, Mykhaylo Yatsyshyn e Oleksandr Reshetnyak. "Physical Sorption of Molecular Hydrogen by Microporous Organic Polymers". Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, n.º 1 (5 de março de 2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.01.085.

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3

Wang, Xinyu, Huiyuan Wang, Hongmin Zhang, Tianxi Yang, Bin Zhao e Juan Yan. "Investigation of the Impact of Hydrogen Bonding Degree in Long Single-Stranded DNA (ssDNA) Generated with Dual Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) on the Preparation and Performance of DNA Hydrogels". Biosensors 13, n.º 7 (23 de julho de 2023): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13070755.

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DNA hydrogels have gained significant attention in recent years as one of the most promising functional polymer materials. To broaden their applications, it is critical to develop efficient methods for the preparation of bulk-scale DNA hydrogels with adjustable mechanical properties. Herein, we introduce a straightforward and efficient molecular design approach to producing physically pure DNA hydrogel and controlling its mechanical properties by adjusting the degree of hydrogen bonding in ultralong single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) precursors, which were generated using a dual rolling circle amplification (RCA)-based strategy. The effect of hydrogen bonding degree on the performance of DNA hydrogels was thoroughly investigated by analyzing the preparation process, morphology, rheology, microstructure, and entrapment efficiency of the hydrogels for Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)–BSA. Our results demonstrate that DNA hydrogels can be formed at 25 °C with simple vortex mixing in less than 10 s. The experimental results also indicate that a higher degree of hydrogen bonding in the precursor DNA resulted in stronger internal interaction forces, a more complex internal network of the hydrogel, a denser hydrogel, improved mechanical properties, and enhanced entrapment efficiency. This study intuitively demonstrates the effect of hydrogen bonding on the preparation and properties of DNA hydrogels. The method and results presented in this study are of great significance for improving the synthesis efficiency and economy of DNA hydrogels, enhancing and adjusting the overall quality and performance of the hydrogel, and expanding the application field of DNA hydrogels.

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4

Kalantaryan, O. V. "Ionoluminescence of silica bombarded by 420 keV molecular hydrogen ions". Functional Materials 20, n.º 4 (25 de dezembro de 2013): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm20.04.462.

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5

Kalantaryan, O. "Fast ion induced luminescence of silica implanted by molecular hydrogen". Functional materials 21, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2014): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm21.01.26.

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6

Schechter, I., R. Kosloff e R. D. Levine. "Insertion vs. abstraction in the atomic hydrogen + molecular hydrogen .fwdarw. molecular hydrogen + atomic hydrogen exchange reaction". Journal of Physical Chemistry 90, n.º 6 (março de 1986): 1006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100278a009.

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7

Vorob’ev, V. S., e S. P. Malyshenko. "Superfluid molecular hydrogen". Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters 71, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2000): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.568273.

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8

Graydon, Oliver. "Probing molecular hydrogen". Nature Photonics 8, n.º 5 (25 de abril de 2014): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.99.

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9

Cammack, Richard. "Splitting molecular hydrogen". Nature 373, n.º 6515 (fevereiro de 1995): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373556a0.

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10

Borondo, F., F. Mart̆n e M. Yánez. "Molecular mechanism for hydrogen-hydrogen excitation collisions". Physical Review A 36, n.º 8 (1 de outubro de 1987): 3630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.36.3630.

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11

Jiang, Zhiqiang, Ya Li, Yirui Shen, Jian Yang, Zongyong Zhang, Yujing You, Zhongda Lv e Lihui Yao. "Robust Hydrogel Adhesive with Dual Hydrogen Bond Networks". Molecules 26, n.º 9 (4 de maio de 2021): 2688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092688.

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Hydrogel adhesives are attractive for applications in intelligent soft materials and tissue engineering, but conventional hydrogels usually have poor adhesion. In this study, we designed a strategy to synthesize a novel adhesive with a thin hydrogel adhesive layer integrated on a tough substrate hydrogel. The adhesive layer with positive charges of ammonium groups on the polymer backbones strongly bonds to a wide range of nonporous materials’ surfaces. The substrate layer with a dual hydrogen bond system consists of (i) weak hydrogen bonds between N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA) and acrylic acid (AAc) units and (ii) strong multiple hydrogen bonds between 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) units. The dual hydrogen-bond network endowed the hydrogel adhesives with unique mechanical properties, e.g., toughness, highly stretchability, and insensitivity to notches. The hydrogel adhesion to four types of materials like glass, 316L stainless steel, aluminum, Al2O3 ceramic, and two biological tissues including pig skin and pig kidney was investigated. The hydrogel bonds strongly to dry solid surfaces and wet tissue, which is promising for biomedical applications.

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12

Eaker, Charles W., e George C. Schatz. "A quasiclassical trajectory study of the molecular hydrogen(1+) + molecular hydrogen .fwdarw. triatomic hydrogen(1+) + atomic hydrogen reaction". Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, n.º 12 (junho de 1985): 2612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100258a036.

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13

Moseichuk, Volodymyr, Vladyslav Moseichuk e Vasyl Makolinets. "MOLECULAR HYDROGEN GENERATOR GVCH LIFE". ORTHOPAEDICS, TRAUMATOLOGY and PROSTHETICS, n.º 3 (25 de outubro de 2021): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15674/0030-59872021365-68.

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Molecular hydrogen is one of the effective antioxidants, which not only does not disrupt normal metabolism in the body, but also activates its antioxidant systems. Hydrogen-saturated water has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-apoptotic properties, stimulates energy metabolism and contributes to the systemic recovery of the body. It is used as a therapeutic factor for the treatment of patients with various pathologies: arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, metabolic disorders, disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The article discusses the various methods of obtaining molecular hydrogen and hydrogen water (direct and indirect saturation). Technical characteristics are described and features of the hydrogen generator GVCh Life (manufacturer LTD «Chemtest Ukraine+», Kharkiv, Ukraine), which produces molecular hydrogen (purity of which is 99.99 %, productivity — 100 ml/min) and saturates water with it (https://chemtest.com.ua/generator_vodorodnoy_vodi_i_dihanie_gvch_life). In contrast to the problems of most known generators in the device GVChLife is completely no contact of the electrodes with water, so it is not subject to electrolysis and is not saturated with metal ions. Water saturated in this way has the following characteristics: redox potential 560 mV, hydrogen concentration 1.0–1.15 ppm(water volume 1 l, saturation duration 10 min). The generator can be used for both hydrogen saturation and hydrogen inhalation. In the case of therapeutic use of hydrogen water to obtain it, you can use any drinking water (spring, prepared or non-carbonated bottled), hydrogen inhalation using nasal cannulas. Inhalation of pure hydrogen gas (99.99 %) for 30 minutes is equal to the use of 15 liters of hydrogen water (concentration 1.1–1.2 ppm). Conclusions. The developed MoHC Life molecular hydrogen generator is safe to use, without special requirements during operation. It can be successfully used in the complex therapy of patients with various diseases, including musculoskeletal system.

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14

Syrkasheva, Syrkasheva A. G., e Dolgushina N. V. Dolgushina. "Molecular hydrogen and reproduction". Akusherstvo i ginekologiia 9_2018 (1 de outubro de 2018): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2018.9.20-23.

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15

Longmore, A. J., E. I. Robson e R. F. Jameson. "Molecular hydrogen in S106". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 221, n.º 3 (agosto de 1986): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/221.3.589.

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16

Seiler, Ch, S. D. Hogan e F. Merkt. "Trapping cold molecular hydrogen". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 13, n.º 42 (2011): 19000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21276a.

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17

Fedders, P. A., D. J. Leopold, P. H. Chan, R. Borzi e R. E. Norberg. "Molecular Hydrogen ina-Si:H". Physical Review Letters 85, n.º 2 (10 de julho de 2000): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.401.

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18

Rissanen, K. T. "Hydrogen bonded molecular assemblies". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 58, s1 (6 de agosto de 2002): c248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767302094928.

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19

AOKI, Katsutoshi. "Hydrogen Bonded Molecular Solid." Review of High Pressure Science and Technology 11, n.º 1 (2001): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.11.29.

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20

Liu, Xianming, e Donald E. Shemansky. "Ionization of Molecular Hydrogen". Astrophysical Journal 614, n.º 2 (20 de outubro de 2004): 1132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/423890.

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21

Vorob'ev, V. S., e S. P. Malyshenko. "Regarding molecular superfluid hydrogen". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 12, n.º 24 (31 de maio de 2000): 5071–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/12/24/301.

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22

Shull, J. Michael. "Observing interstellar molecular hydrogen". Physics Today 75, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5132.

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23

Artamonov, Mikhail Yu, Andrew K. Martusevich, Felix A. Pyatakovich, Inessa A. Minenko, Sergei V. Dlin e Tyler W. LeBaron. "Molecular Hydrogen: From Molecular Effects to Stem Cells Management and Tissue Regeneration". Antioxidants 12, n.º 3 (3 de março de 2023): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030636.

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It is known that molecular hydrogen is a relatively stable, ubiquitous gas that is a minor component of the atmosphere. At the same time, in recent decades molecular hydrogen has been shown to have diverse biological effects. By the end of 2022, more than 2000 articles have been published in the field of hydrogen medicine, many of which are original studies. Despite the existence of several review articles on the biology of molecular hydrogen, many aspects of the research direction remain unsystematic. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to systematize ideas about the nature, characteristics, and mechanisms of the influence of molecular hydrogen on various types of cells, including stem cells. The historical aspects of the discovery of the biological activity of molecular hydrogen are presented. The ways of administering molecular hydrogen into the body are described. The molecular, cellular, tissue, and systemic effects of hydrogen are also reviewed. Specifically, the effect of hydrogen on various types of cells, including stem cells, is addressed. The existing literature indicates that the molecular and cellular effects of hydrogen qualify it to be a potentially effective agent in regenerative medicine.

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24

OKUCHI, Takuo. "Fast Diffusion of Molecular Hydrogen in Hydrogen Hydrates". Review of High Pressure Science and Technology 19, n.º 3 (2009): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.19.210.

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25

Chen, Yifan, Weixuan Huang, Yang Chen, Minqian Wu, Ruohan Jia e Lijun You. "Influence of Molecular Weight of Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica to LJP-Based Hydrogels: Anti-Inflammatory Activity in the Wound Healing Process". Molecules 27, n.º 20 (15 de outubro de 2022): 6915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206915.

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In this study, polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica (LJP) were produced by the treatment of ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) degradation into different molecular weights. Then, the degraded LJP were used to prepare LJP/chitosan/PVA hydrogel wound dressings. As the molecular weight of LJP decreased from 315 kDa to 20 kDa, the swelling ratio of the LJP-based hydrogels rose from 14.38 ± 0.60 to 20.47 ± 0.42 folds of the original weight. However, the mechanical properties of LJP-based hydrogels slightly decreased. With the extension of the UV/H2O2 degradation time, the molecular weight of LJP gradually decreased, and the anti-inflammatory activities of LJP-based hydrogels gradually increased. LJP that were degraded for 60 min (60-gel) showed the best inhibition effects on proinflammatory cytokines, while the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β decreased by 57.33%, 44.80%, and 67.72%, respectively, compared with the Model group. The above results suggested that low Mw LJP-based hydrogels showed great potential for a wound dressing application.

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26

Miller, William H., e John Z. H. Zhang. "How to observe the elusive resonances in hydrogen atom or deuterium atom + molecular hydrogen .fwdarw. molecular hydrogen or hydrogen deuteride + hydrogen atom reactive scattering". Journal of Physical Chemistry 95, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1991): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100154a007.

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27

Wei, Qinghua, Yingfeng Zhang, Yanen Wang, Weihong Chai, Mingming Yang, Wenxiao Zeng e Meng Wang. "Study of the effects of water content and temperature on polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol interpenetrating network hydrogel performance by a molecular dynamics method". e-Polymers 15, n.º 5 (1 de setembro de 2015): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2015-0087.

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AbstractAn investigation of the molecular interaction within a hydrogel system was conducted using molecular dynamics simulation, and the interaction mechanism of a polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol (PAM/PVA) hydrogel system was examined specifically at the molecular level. Several characteristics of the PAM/PVA composite hydrogel system that are largely dependent on water content and temperature were studied in this paper, such as cohesive energy density, binding energy, mechanical properties and pair correlation function. The cohesive energy density and binding energy of the hydrogel system increased with higher water content. Results also showed that increased temperatures led to a decrease in the cohesive energy density of the system, while binding energy remained unchanged. The mechanical properties of the system were evaluated by analyzing the static mechanic performance. Results showed that elastic coefficients, engineering modulus and ductility decreased with increasing water content and temperature. In addition, analysis of the pair correlation function revealed mainly hydrogen bonding interactions between H2O molecules and surrounding atoms or functional groups. Results also indicated that the strength of these hydrogen bonds was Owater>OPVA>OPAM>NPAM, confirming both the potential and the difficulty of hydrogen bond formation. The aforementioned findings help in understanding the interaction mechanisms between the components of a hydrogel system and in demonstrating the effects of water content and temperature on the PAM/PVA hydrogel system, which provides useful information on the possible operating windows of a biomedical hydrogel-making process.

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28

Aoki, K., E. Katoh, H. Yamawaki, M. Sakashita e H. Fujihisa. "Hydrogen-bond symmetrization and molecular dissociation in hydrogen halids". Physica B: Condensed Matter 265, n.º 1-4 (abril de 1999): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(98)01327-1.

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29

Parhi, B. R., S. K. Sahoo, S. C. Mishra, B. Bhoi, R. K. Paramguru e B. K. Satapathy. "Upgradation of bauxite by molecular hydrogen and hydrogen plasma". International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 23, n.º 10 (outubro de 2016): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-016-1333-x.

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30

Zhang, Meng, Karen C. Waldron e X. X. Zhu. "Formation of molecular hydrogels from a bile acid derivative and selected carboxylic acids". RSC Advances 6, n.º 42 (2016): 35436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04536g.

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31

Hancock, John T., e Grace Russell. "Downstream Signalling from Molecular Hydrogen". Plants 10, n.º 2 (14 de fevereiro de 2021): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020367.

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Molecular hydrogen (H2) is now considered part of the suite of small molecules that can control cellular activity. As such, H2 has been suggested to be used in the therapy of diseases in humans and in plant science to enhance the growth and productivity of plants. Treatments of plants may involve the creation of hydrogen-rich water (HRW), which can then be applied to the foliage or roots systems of the plants. However, the molecular action of H2 remains elusive. It has been suggested that the presence of H2 may act as an antioxidant or on the antioxidant capacity of cells, perhaps through the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. H2 may act through influencing heme oxygenase activity or through the interaction with reactive nitrogen species. However, controversy exists around all the mechanisms suggested. Here, the downstream mechanisms in which H2 may be involved are critically reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the H2 mitigation of stress responses. Hopefully, this review will provide insight that may inform future research in this area.

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32

Galuskin, Evgeny, Irina Galuskina, Yevgeny Vapnik e Mikhail Murashko. "Molecular Hydrogen in Natural Mayenite". Minerals 10, n.º 6 (22 de junho de 2020): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10060560.

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In the last 15 years, zeolite-like mayenite, Ca12Al14O33, has attracted significant attention in material science for its variety of potential applications and for its simple composition. Hydrogen plays a key role in processes of electride material synthesis from pristine mayenite: {Ca12Al14O32}2+(O2) → {Ca12Al14O32}2+(e−)2. A presence of molecular hydrogen in synthetic mayenite was not confirmed by the direct methods. Spectroscopy investigations of mayenite group mineral fluorkyuygenite, with empirical formula (Ca12.09Na0.03)∑12.12(Al13.67Si0.12Fe3+0.07Ti4+0.01)∑12.87O31.96 [F2.02Cl0.02(H2O)3.22(H2S)0.15□0.59]∑6.00, show the presence of an unusual band at 4038 cm−1, registered for the first time and related to molecular hydrogen, apart from usual bands responding to vibrations of mayenite framework. The band at 4038 cm−1 corresponding to stretching vibrations of H2 is at lower frequencies in comparison with positions of analogous bands of gaseous H2 (4156 cm−1) and H2 adsorbed at active cation sites of zeolites (4050–4100 cm−1). This points out relatively strong linking of molecular hydrogen with the fluorkyuygenite framework. An appearance of H2 in the fluorkyuyginite with ideal formula Ca12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2], which formed after fluormayenite, Ca12Al14O32[□4F2], is connected with its genesis. Fluorkyuygenite was detected in gehlenite fragments within brecciaed pyrometamorphic rock (Hatrurim Basin, Negev Desert, Israel), which contains reduced mineral assemblage of the Fe-P-C system (native iron, schreibersite, barringerite, murashkoite, and cohenite). The origin of phosphide-bearing associations is connected with the effect of highly reduced gases on earlier formed pyrometamorphic rocks.

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33

Peterson, I. "Squeezing Hydrogen to Molecular Metal". Science News 137, n.º 11 (17 de março de 1990): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3974564.

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34

Razhev, Aleksandr, Dmitriy Churkin e Alexey Zavyalov. "Pulsed Inductive Molecular Hydrogen Laser". Siberian Journal of Physics 4, n.º 3 (1 de outubro de 2009): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2009-4-3-12-19.

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A pulsed inductive discharge molecular H2 laser has been created for the first time. The excitation system of a toroidal pulsed inductive discharge for molecular hydrogen electron levels excitation was developed. Generation at two wavelengths of 0,89 and 1,12 m was obtained. The spectral, temporal and energy parameters of laser emission under various pressures and pumping conditions were investigated. The maximum pulse power of 6,7 kW was achieved. The measured pulse duration was 18 ± 1 ns. In the cross-section, the laser radiation had the ring shape with an external diameter of 33 mm and thickness of 4 mm.

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35

Mao, W., e H. Mao. "Hydrogen storage in molecular compounds". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (23 de agosto de 2005): c63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876730509731x.

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36

Puxley, P. J., T. G. Hawarden e C. M. Mountain. "Fluorescent molecular hydrogen in galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 234, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 1988): 29P—40P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/234.1.29p.

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37

Zhao, Xiao-Li, Ke Yang, Long-Quan Xu, Yong-Peng Ma, Shuai Yan, Dong-Dong Ni, Xu Kang, Ya-Wei Liu e Lin-Fan Zhu. "Compton profile of molecular hydrogen". Chinese Physics B 24, n.º 3 (26 de fevereiro de 2015): 033301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/24/3/033301.

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38

Sadeghpour, H. R., e A. Dalgarno. "Double photoionization of molecular hydrogen". Physical Review A 47, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1993): R2458—R2459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.47.r2458.

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39

Chabal, Y. J., e C. K. N. Patel. "Molecular hydrogen ina-Si: H". Reviews of Modern Physics 59, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 1987): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.59.835.

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40

Schwarzschild, Bertram M. "Negative ions of molecular hydrogen". Physics Today 64, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1351.

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41

Gillmon, Kristen, e J. Michael Shull. "Molecular Hydrogen in Infrared Cirrus". Astrophysical Journal 636, n.º 2 (10 de janeiro de 2006): 908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/498055.

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42

Grivet, Jean-Philippe. "The Hydrogen Molecular Ion Revisited". Journal of Chemical Education 79, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2002): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed079p127.

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43

Mao, W. L., e H. k. Mao. "Hydrogen storage in molecular compounds". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, n.º 3 (7 de janeiro de 2004): 708–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307449100.

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44

Srianand, R. "Molecular hydrogen at high redshift". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, S232 (novembro de 2005): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306000834.

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45

Sealy, Cordelia. "Molecular ‘cat-flap’ for hydrogen". Materials Today 7, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2004): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(04)00556-5.

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46

Hourahine, B., R. Jones, S. Öberg e P. R. Briddon. "Molecular hydrogen traps within silicon". Materials Science and Engineering: B 58, n.º 1-2 (fevereiro de 1999): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(98)00268-2.

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47

Hodapp, Klaus W., e Christopher J. Davis. "Molecular Hydrogen Outflows in W51". Astrophysical Journal 575, n.º 1 (10 de agosto de 2002): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/341217.

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48

Struzhkin, Viktor V., Burkhard Militzer, Wendy L. Mao, Ho-kwang Mao e Russell J. Hemley. "Hydrogen Storage in Molecular Clathrates". Chemical Reviews 107, n.º 10 (outubro de 2007): 4133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr050183d.

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49

Esswein, Arthur J., e Daniel G. Nocera. "Hydrogen Production by Molecular Photocatalysis". Chemical Reviews 107, n.º 10 (outubro de 2007): 4022–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr050193e.

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50

Williger, G. M., K. M. Lanzetta, R. F. Carswell e J. A. Baldwin. "Molecular Hydrogen at z = 2.8108". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 171 (1996): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090023386x.

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The Lyman and Werner bands of H2 in interstellar gas provide information about gas temperature, density and the ultraviolet radiation field, and possibly about dust content. This is especially useful for high redshift QSO absorption systems, where usually the only data available arise from absorption lines. We present 25 – 50 km s−1 resolution data taken with the CTIO 4m telescope plus echelle spectrograph of the Lyα forest region of 0528–250, which has a damped Lyα absorption system at z = 2.81. Using a χ2 profile fitting routine (Lanzetta & Bowen 1992. ApJ, 391, 48), we find an H2 fraction of ∼ 10−2, an order of magnitude below that of Galactic diffuse interstellar clouds. This may be caused by some combination of a less efficient H2 formation rate or an increased H2 dissociation rate. Using the relative populations of the J″ = 0, 1 rotational levels, we derive a kinetic temperature of TK = 136 ± 16 K. The total velocity spread as traced by sensitive metal transitions is 250 km s−1, consistent with a highly inclined, rotating ensemble of clouds associated with a luminous spiral galaxy. A representative section of the spectrum is shown below, binned at roughly the Nyquist rate with the χ2 fit to H2 of the z = 2.8108 absorption system.

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