Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Modèle de Hubbard étendu"
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Sasseville, Vincent. "Ordre de charge dans le modèle de Hubbard étendu". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8770.
Texto completo da fonteMénard, Marc. "Le groupe de renormalisation appliqué au modèle de Hubbard étendu unidimensionnel". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4849.
Texto completo da fontePhiloxene, Loic. "Une nouvelle approche pour la détermination des fonctionnalités statiques et dynamiques des systèmes d'électrons fortement corrélés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC219.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, a specific instance of a slave boson representation—originally introduced in the context of the Hubbard model by Kotliar and Ruckenstein—is put to use toinvestigate the effect of electronic interactions on two classes of properties of condensed matter systems described by extended Hubbard models.In the first place, an original extension to the Hubbard model, entailing a spatially modulated single-particle potential along with nearest-neighbour electronic interactions, is introduced. Its static properties, namely the competing ground states in its zero-temperature phase diagram, as well as its quasiparticles band structure, are investigated at half filling by means of a saddle-point approximation to the Kotliar-Ruckenstein representation. A competition between two symmetry broken phases, both featuring a checkerboard charge order, and distinguished by the presence or absence of a Néel ordering of the spins, is evidenced. Strongly discontinuous transitions are revealed by an analysis of the relevant order parameters at all coupling scales. Coexistence between both phases, with one phase slightly higher in energy than the ground state, is found in large regions of the parameter space. The band structure of the phases, and more precisely the sizable difference in their band gap, is analyzed, putting forward possible applications of putative experimental realizations of the model as candidate functional materials.In the second place, a Hubbard model, extended by long range Coulomb interactions between electrons, is analyzed by means of an alternative form of the Kotliar-Ruckensteinrepresentation. An instance of dynamical property, namely the model’s zero-temperature charge excitation spectrum, is computed in the form of the electron energy loss function. Specifically, Gaussian fluctuations of the slave boson fields around the paramagnetic saddle-point of the alternative representation are calculated, ultimately allowing for a derivation of an analytical formula for the dynamical charge susceptibility, and thus for the loss function as well as the optical conductivity. The spectrum, generically comprising a particle-hole excitation continuum as well as two collective modes, the plasmon and a signature of the upper Hubbard band, is then compared with standard random phase approximation in order to evidence strong correlation features. Focus is put on the plasma frequency, the energy of the plasmon mode at long wavelengths, emphasizing lattice effects as well as the relevance of the interaction-driven renormalization of the inverse effective mass
Bartolo, Nicola. "Matter waves in reduced dimensions : dipolar-induced resonances and atomic artificial crystals". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20177/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe experimental achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation and Fermi degeneracy with ultracold gases boosted tremendous progresses both in theoretical methods and in the development of new experimental tools. Among them, intriguing possibilities have been opened by the implementation of optical lattices: periodic potentials for neutral atoms created by interfering laser beams. Degenerate gases in optical lattices can be forced in highly anisotropic traps, reducing the effective dimensionality of the system. From a fundamental point of view, the behavior of matter waves in reduced dimensions sheds light on the intimate properties of interparticle interactions. Furthermore, such reduced-dimensional systems can be engineered to quantum-simulate fascinating solid state systems, like bidimensional crystals, in a clean and controllable environment. Motivated by the exciting perspectives of this field, we devote this Thesis to the theoretical study of two systems where matter waves propagate in reduced dimensions.The long-range and anisotropic character of the dipole-dipole interaction critically affects the behavior of dipolar quantum gases. The continuous experimental progresses in this flourishing field might lead very soon to the creation of degenerate dipolar gases in optical potentials. In the first part of this Thesis, we investigate the emergence of a single dipolar-induced resonance in the two-body scattering process in quasi-one dimensional geometries. We develop a two-channel approach to describe such a resonance in a highly elongated cigar-shaped harmonic trap, which approximates the single site of a quasi-one- dimensional optical lattice. At this stage, we develop a novel atom-dimer extended Bose- Hubbard model for dipolar bosons in this quasi-one-dimensional optical lattice. Hence we investigate the T=0 phase diagram of the model by exact diagonalization of a small- sized system, highlighting the effects of the dipolar-induced resonance on the many-body behavior in the lattice.In the second part of the Thesis, we present a general scheme to realize cold-atom quantum simulators of bidimensional atomic crystals, based on the possibility to independently trap two different atomic species. The first one constitutes a two-dimensional matter wave which interacts only with the atoms of the second species, deeply trapped around the nodes of a two-dimensional optical lattice. By introducing a general analytic approach, we investigate the matter-wave transport properties. We propose some illustrative appli- cations to both Bravais (square, triangular) and non-Bravais (graphene, kagomé) lattices, studying both ideal periodic systems and experimental-sized, eventually disordered, ones. The features of the artificial atomic crystal critically depend on the two-body interspecies interaction strength, which is shown to be widely tunable via 0D-2D mixed-dimensional resonances
Bartolo, Nicola. "Matter Waves in Reduced Dimensions: Dipolar-Induced Resonances and Atomic Artificial Crystals". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368201.
Texto completo da fonteFomin, Victor. "Modèles de Hubbard unidimensionnels généralisés". Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS024.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is devoted to the one-dimensional integrable Hubbard model and its generalizations. The Hubbard model is one of the fondamental models in condensed matter physics which describes nteracting electrons on the lattice. In one dimension the Hubbard model is an integrable model which bas been intensively studied and served as a theoretical laboratory for the condensed matter physics. Recently, the integrable systems and in particular the Hubbard model, have surprisingly appeared in the AdS/CFT correspondance context. In the first part of the thesis, we present basis notions of the quantum integrability. In the second part we review several fundamental results of the one-dimensional Hubbard model. Moreover, applications in the AdS/CFT duality are considered. However, certain modifications of the integrable Hubbard model are necessary to reproduce the correct results of the AdS/CFT context. This is one of the main motivations of the studies of generalized Hubbard models. The fourth chapter is devoted to generalizations of the Hubbard model and we focus our attention on supersymmetric ones. The fifth chapter contains the results obtained in the framework of this thesis on the supersymmetric generalizations of the Hubbard models. Namely, the Coordinate Bethe Ansatz solution and real solutions of the Bethe equations in the thermodynamic limit are exposed. We point out that we obtained Bethe equations differs from the Lieb-Wu ones by phases which appearance is encouraging sign for the application in the AdS/CFT context. We also discuss possible applications in the AdS/CFT duality and in condensed matter physics
Bonenfant, Éric. "Énergie de liaison du deutéron dans un modèle de Skyrme étendu". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26868/26868.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSordi, Giovanni. "Mott-Hubbard transition in strongly correlated electron systems". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112160.
Texto completo da fonteI study the Mott metal-insulator transition within the dynamical mean-field theory in two schematic Hamiltonians widely used to describe the strongly correlated electron systems : the Hubbard model and the periodic Anderson model. The scenario for the transition in the Hubbard model is reviewed and the analysis of the photoemission spectra near the transition is presented in detail. The doping driven Mott transition in the periodic Anderson model is discussed with respect to the one realized in the Hubbard model. The main finding is a qualitatively different scenario for electron or hole driven transitions. In the former case the transition is expectedly similar to the first order transition of the Hubbard model. However, in the latter case, a second order transition is found. Thus I demonstrate that the transition scenario of the Hubbard model is not generic for the periodic Anderson model
Borejsza, Karol. "Etude du modèle de Hubbard bidimensionnel dans l'approche du modèle sigma non linéaire effectif". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112288.
Texto completo da fonteWe study magnetic and one-particle properties of the 2d hubbard model within the framework of a non-linear sigma model (nlsm) description of spin fluctuations the theory rests upon the assumption of local antiferromagnetic (af) ordering. It is valid at all coulom interaction strengths, below a cross-over temperature marking the onset of af short-range order. At half-filling, we derive the magnetic phase diagram and compute the fermion spectral function. At zero temperature, long-range af order is shown to be present for all values of the coulomb repulsion. The ground-state exhibits a smooth transition from a slater-like behavior at weak coupling, to a mott-heisenberg-like behavior at strong coupling. At finite temperatures the af order is suppressed, in agreement with the mermin-wagner theorem, but the af correlation length remains exponentially large with respect to the lattice spacing, we develop a new technique for calculating the spectral function and the density of states, which takes into account the highly non-gaussian nature of magnetic fluctuations. We establish the existence of a transition between a weak-coupling regime exhibiting a pseudogap at finite temperatures, and a strong-coupling regime where one-particle excitations are gapped. The properties of bogoliubov quasi particles at zero temperature and of their precursors at finite temperatures are analyzed. Away from half filling, a new method for deriving the low-energy effective action is proposed. The effective model involves low-energy bogoliubov quasi particles coupled to a nlsm. The low-energy action is critically compared to known phenomenological nlsm-fermion theories
Lemay, François. "Des propriétés de l'état normal du modèle de Hubbard bidimensionnel". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ67111.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSchäfer, Steffen. "Approximation des Phases Aléatoires Self-Consistante dans le Modèle de Hubbard". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002990.
Texto completo da fontePour une fonction de Green générale à $n$ corps cette méthode se dérive à partir de l'Equation de Dyson où seules sont retenues les contributions instantanées de l'opérateur de masse. La fonction de Green est alors donnée par un système d'équations intégrales non-linéaires que l'on cherchera à résoudre de façon self-consistante. Elle satisfait, parmi d'autres théorèmes, la règle de somme pondérée par l'énergie. Pour les fonctions de Green à une et à deux particules, la SCRPA obéit à un principe variationnel. Dans le Modèle de Hubbard les fonctions de corrélation de charge et de spin sont calculées en SCRPA. En négligeant les densités connectées à deux corps, nous obtenons une théorie self-consistante plus simple, la RPA renormalisée. Les deux méthodes sont étudiées et comparées à la RPA standard.
Nous établissons et résolvons numériquement les équations de la RPA renormalisée pour les fonctions de corrélations de densité de charge dans le Modèle de Hubbard à une dimension. Les susceptibilités de charge et de spin longitudinal, la distribution des impulsions et plusieurs propriétés du fondamental sont évaluées et comparées aux résultats exacts. Dans la limite du couplage fort de la bande à moitié remplie, la RPA renormalisée possède une solution analytique qui est, à un facteur près, en accord avec le développement pour fortes interactions de l'ansatz de Bethe. Comme prévu, des particularités liées à la dimension spatiale $1$, par exemple un comportement de liquide de Luttinger, n'ont pas pu être retrouvées. Or, la description fournie par notre méthode pourrait être assez réaliste en dimensions plus élevées.
Une partie de ces travaux a été publié dans
"Dyson Equation Approach to Many-Body Greens Functions and
Self-Consistent RPA, First Application to the Hubbard Model"
Steffen Schäfer, Peter Schuck, Phys. Rev. B 59, 1712-1733 (1999).
Barnabé-Thériault, Xavier. "Analyse à taille finie du poids spectral du modèle de Hubbard". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4581.
Texto completo da fonteMercure-Boissonnault, Pierre. "Ordre de rayure des cuprates supraconducteurs dans le modèle de Hubbard". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6030.
Texto completo da fonteBergeron, Dominic. "Conductivité dans le modèle de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel à faible couplage". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5150.
Texto completo da fontePlouffe, Dany. "Méthodes d'amas quantiques à température finie appliquées au modèle de Hubbard". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5152.
Texto completo da fonteRoy, Sébastien. "Le modèle de Hubbard bidimensionnel à faible couplage thermodynamique et phénomènes critiques". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5092.
Texto completo da fonteLeprévost, Alexandre. "Ordres non conventionnels et entrelacés du modèle de Hubbard à basse dimensionnalité". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2063.
Texto completo da fonteThe understanding of superconductivity exhibited at high critical temperature by certain transition metal oxides remains a central issue in theoretical condensed matter physics. In this context, and since the historical proposal by P. W. Anderson, the repulsive Hubbard model in two dimensions became a paradigm in an attempt to capture the essential properties of non-conventional superconducting materials. However, the determination of the exact ground state encounters the exponential complexity of the quantum many-body problem. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a variational scheme free of any hypothesis concerning magnetic, charge or superconducting orders likely to emerge from the Hamiltonian at low energy. The originality of the approach is found in the introduction of correlations by restoring, before variation, symmetries deliberately broken in a trial state given by a superposition of versatile wavefunctions of Hartree-Fock and Bogoliubov–de Gennes types. For small clusters of two and four sites, we show analytically that this symmetry entangled mean field method allows to find the exact ground state regardless of the strength of the on-site interaction. For larger hole-doped clusters and in the strongly correlated regime, we highlight an arrangement of magnetic moments in a spiral or in a spin density wave that is then accompanied by inhomogeneities in the form of regularly distributed stripes. Moreover, such orders are intertwined with long range d-wave pairing correlations, which, in the thermodynamic limit, sign superconductivity. These results are obtained through systematic simulations in a four-leg tube geometry that can be realized experimentally using cold atoms trapped in optical lattices
Alkanjo, Hasan. "Spectre étendu des opérateurs et applications". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10271/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is based on a relatively new spectral notion, called extended spectrum of operators. In the first part, we provide general properties of extended spectrum of an operator in some special cases, such as the case of finite dimension and the case of invertible operator. We focused in the second part on characterizing the extended spectrum of truncated shift operator Su. In particular, we give a complete description of the extended eigenvectors associated to each extended eigenvalue of Sb, where b is a Blaschke product. In the third part, we describe the extended spectrum and the extended eigenvectors of a very important class of operators , that is the normal operators. We first start by describing these last sets for the product of a positive and a self-adjoint operator which are both injective. After, we use the Fuglede-Putnam theorem to describe the same sets for normal operators, in terms of their spectral measure. In the last part, we apply our results from the last three parts on concrete examples. In particular, we address the problem of extended eigenvectors of operators defined in a finite dimension space. Next, we show the existence of a quasinilpotent compact operator whose extended spectrum is reduced to {1}. Finally, we study two Cesaro operators which are very important in applications
Magnoux, David. "Etude expérimentale de manganites en couche mince et simulation de modèle de kondo ferromagnétique étendu". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30112.
Texto completo da fonteAfchain, Stéphane. "Etude du modèle de Hubbard bidimensionnel à demi remplissage par des méthodes constructives". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001436.
Texto completo da fonteVerret, Simon. "Couplage interplan et compétition de phases dans le modèle de Hubbard des cuprates". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/79.
Texto completo da fonteBrillon, Charles. "Le crossover dimensionel dans la chaleur spécifique du modèle de Hubbard demi-rempli". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4770.
Texto completo da fontePayeur, Alexandre. "Supraconductivité et ondes de densité de charge dans le modèle de Holstein-Hubbard". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4854.
Texto completo da fonteFoley, Alexandre. "Effet des impuretés sur la supraconductivité et l'antiferromagnétisme dans le modèle de Hubbard". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6975.
Texto completo da fonteHaurie, Louis. "Strongly correlated Hubbard model within the composite operator formalism". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP073.
Texto completo da fonteThis manuscript considers a strong coupling approach starting with the expected ground-state of a Mott insulator obtained for a large Coulomb electronic repulsion term with a square lattice. The Hubbard operators are good excitations for this interaction term, as they describe properly the Mott phase. Hopping is then considered in an equation of motion treatment of Hubbard model. An approximation is performed to truncate the currents of the Hubbard operators and allow for a self-consistent framework. Different sets of self-consistent equations are typically considered in the literature and are firstly analyzed for translationally invariant systems. The method violates Luttinger's theorem and is only particle-hole symmetric with nearest-neighbors. We then extend it to study d-wave superconductivity and longer-range hopping. While we managed to stabilize superconductivity, we show it is non-zero only in the vicinity of a Van Hove singularity. As longer ranged hoppings are included, the Van hove singularity is moved away to higher doping and so does the superconductivity peak. Finally, a two-orbital Hubbard model is considered as an application case of the method. For small enough inter-orbital hopping and no inter-orbital interaction, a spontaneous orbital symmetry breaking is observed. In the absence of inter-orbital hopping, the resulting phase is unhybridized and has one orbital close to half-filling, presenting the characteristic features of the orbital-selective Mott phase without having to consider any Hund term. As the inter-orbital hopping is switched on, this selective Mott phase survives but becomes slightly hybridized and with an orbital not exactly half-filled anymore. Past a critical value, this orbital selective phase is broken and the system goes in an orbital uniform phase
Plouffe, Dany. "Étude du modèle de Hubbard à température finie par la théorie des perturbations interamas". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4626.
Texto completo da fonteGuillot, Mathieu. "Compétition entre l'antiferromagnétisme et la supraconductivité dans le modèle et Hubbard appliqué aux cuprates". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4730.
Texto completo da fonteBoulat, Edouard. "Le modèle de Hubbard SU(4) à une dimension : une approche de la dégénérescence orbitale". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006256.
Texto completo da fonteAllen, Steve. "Approximation auto-cohérente à deux particules, pseudogap et supraconductivité dans le modèle de Hubbard attractif". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ67579.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAllen, Steve. "Approximation auto-cohérente à deux particules, pseudogap et supraconductivite dans le modèle de Hubbard attractif". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2000. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4994.
Texto completo da fonteBarillier-Pertuisel, Xavier. "Études de systèmes bosoniques et de mélanges boson-fermion à l'aide de l'Approximation des Phases Aléatoires". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112371.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the recent and exciting aspects in the fields of cold atoms is the study of Bose-Fermi mixtures. Several boson-fermion mixtures have been realized and their properties have been theoretically studied using for instance Mean Field approximation or Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. The latter gives us exact results for one dimensional system. RPA, historically developed for fermions, is tested on a bosonic model, the anharmonic oscillator, to check its pertinence on non trivial bosonic systems. It's applied on the Richardson Model where trapped bosonic atoms can create bound states (diatomic molecules). Then RPA is applied to Bose Fermi mixtures located on a 1D optical lattice. In our work we consider BF pairing in a discrete environment of bosons and fully spin-polarized fermions. The system is modeled by a 1D Bose-Fermi Hubbard Hamiltonian with attractive BF interaction. One of the interests of such a system is to check th validity and limits of T-matrix approach, previously employed int he 3D case, by comparing with QMC results. We discuss the T-matrix approximation applied to a BF mixture for a discrete number of sites and show results obtained for the ground state energy, the excitation energies and occupation numbers. We discuss the continuous case underlining the appearance of a stable weak coupling BF pairing mode. This Cooper-pair-like mode exists at any small value of the interaction due to the presence of a Fermi surface
Tran, Sandrine. "Etude par simulation des propriétés structurales et thermodynamiques des agrégats de sodium dans un modèle Thomas-Fermi étendu". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10045.
Texto completo da fonteChoi, Juyeon. "Problèmes morpho-syntaxiques analysés dans un modèle catégoriel étendu : application au coréen et au français avec une réalisation informatique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040211.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation aims at proposing the formal analysis of the linguistic phenomena, such as the case system, the double case, the flexible word order, the coordination, the subordination and the thematisation, in the two structurally distinct languages: Korean and French. The formalism of Applicative Combinatory Categorial Grammar, developed by Jean-Pierre Desclés and Ismail Biskri, allow us to analyze these problems by means of the combinators of the Combinatory Logic of Curry and the functional calculus of the Church's types. By taking account of these formal analysis applied to Korean and to French, we discuss on the « anti-anti relativist » hypothesis by finding some syntactic invariants from the different operations such as the predication, the determination, the quantification, the transposition and the coordination. We propose also a categorial parser, ACCG, applicable to Korean and French sentences, which generates automatically categorial calculus and the operator-operand structures
Raczkowski, Marcin. "Propriétés des phases zébrées d'oxydes de métaux de transition [en anglais]". Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2012.
Texto completo da fonteLopez-Sandoval, Roman. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la matrice densité pour les hamiltoniens modèles". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30180.
Texto completo da fonteDao, Tung-Lam. "Strongly-correlated ultracold atoms in optical lattices". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0023.
Texto completo da fonteMechkour, Mourad. "Emir2 : un modèle étendu de présentation et de correspondance d'images pour la recherche d'informations : application a un corpus d'images historiques". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10201.
Texto completo da fonteJackson, Francis. "Propriétés magnétiques du modèle de Hubbard et applications au composé supraconducteur La¦2¦-[indice]xSr[indice]xCuO¦4". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21769.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteDiallo, Marlyatou. "Protection de l'environnement : validité du Modèle étendu des processus parallèles (MEPP) lorsque la menace et la solution proposée sont de nature collective". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28139.
Texto completo da fonteRassou, Sébastien. "Accélération d'électrons par onde de sillage laser : Développement d’un modèle analytique étendu au cas d’un plasma magnétisé dans le régime du Blowout". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS066/document.
Texto completo da fonteAn intense laser pulse propagating in an under dense plasma (ne< 10¹⁸ W.cm⁻²) and short(τ₀< 100 fs), the bubble regime is reached. Within the bubble the electric field can exceed 100 GV/m and a trapped electron beam is accelerated to GeV energy with few centimetres of plasma.In this regime, the electrons expelled by the laser ponderomotive force are brought back and form a dense sheath layer. First, an analytic model was derived using W. Lu and S. Yi formalisms in order to investigate the properties of the wakefield in the blowout regime. In a second part, the trapping and injection mechanisms into the wakefield were studied. When the optical injection scheme is used, electrons may undergo stochastic heating or cold injection depending on the lasers’ polarisations. A similarity parameter was introduced to find out the most appropriate method to maximise the trapped charge. In a third part, our analytic model is extended to investigate the influence of an initially applied longitudinal magnetic field on the laser wakefield in the bubble regime. When the plasma is magnetized two remarkable phenomena occur. Firstly the bubble is opened at its rear, and secondly the longitudinal magnetic field is amplified - at the rear of the bubble - due to the azimuthal current induced by the variation of the magnetic flux. The predictions of our analytic model were shown to be in agreement with 3D PIC simulation results obtained with Calder-Circ. In most situations the wake shape is altered and self-injection can be reduced or even cancelled by the applied magnetic field. However, the application of a longitudinal magnetic field, combined with a careful choice of laser-plasma parameters, reduces the energy spread of the electron beam produced after optical injection
Deur, Killian. "Etats excités en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité pour les ensembles : du modèle de Hubbard à l’hamiltonien exact avec séparation de portée". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF021/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis manuscript can be divided in two parts. In the first one, we are interested in a multiconfigurational extension for the density functional theory (DFT) including a range separation to deal with a hybrid theory between DFT and state-averaged wave function theory. In this case, we recover, at the same time, the dynamical correlation and the static correlation. Moreover, this study is performed considering the ensemble DFT to use an alternative to the usual method (time-dependent DFT) to describe the excited states of a molecule, avoiding some theoretical problems known with this approach. Particularly, conical intersections between excited states are interesting because a multiconfigurational approach is necessary. In the second part, new functionals development are performed and applied on the non-symmetric Hubbard dimer in order to test new approximations and to study more in detail self-consistency processes. In addition, non-adiabatic couplings are calculated using energies from ensemble DFT framework without time-dependence
Ndir, Awa. "Epidémiologie et impact médico-économique des infections hospitaliéres causées par les Entérobactéries productrices de beta-lactamases à spectre étendu au Sénégal". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066668/document.
Texto completo da fonteInfections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-E) are of major concern in clinical practice worldwide because of limited therapeutic options effective to treat them. Studies from Africa showed that ESBL are frequent in the continent, however the impact of these multidrug resistant infections is yet to be adequately determined. The aim of this thesis was to describe the epidemiological situation of ESBL-E in Senegal and to assess their clinical and economic impact. Methods : Two retrospective studies were carried out in inpatients from whom an Enterobacteriaceae strain was isolated from diagnostic samples drawn during a 6-month period (Study 1) and from blood cultures drawn within a 2-year period among pediatric patients (Study 2). Case-case-control studies were carried out to identify risk factors to acquire an ESBL-E infection. Patients infected by an ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were defined as cases 1, those infected by an Enterobacteriaceae non-producer of ESBL were cases 2 and patients not infected by any bacterial strain were controls. Multivariable analyses using a stepwise logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors to acquire an ESBL-E infection and risk factors for death. Retrospective cohort analyses were performed to assess the prolonged length of stay attributable to ESBL production using a multistate model. Besides, a cost-of-illness analysis was performed to estimate the additional cost attributable to the prolonged length of stay. Results : Incidence rate of ESBL-infections was 3/1,000 patient-days (PD) and 1.5 cases/1,000 PD for bloodstream infections in children. Risk factors to acquire an ESBL infection were the presence of urinary catheter, central venous catheter and mechanical ventilation. Newborns were also identified as a patient- at risk to acquire an ESBL-E infection. ESBL production was identified as an independent risk factor for death. Besides, ESBL production was associated with an increased LOS (+4days) and cost (€100). Conclusion : Our findings show an important clinical and economic impact of ESBL infections in Senegal. Control of ESBL-E spread is an emergency especially in pediatric populations and can be achieved by the promotion of hand hygiene and proper management of excreta. Results also emphasize the need to revise current antibiotic prescriptions guidelines and to implement an antibiotic stewardship program to preserve the effectiveness of our last-resort antibiotic drugs
Giroux, Philippe-Olivier. "Compétition entre l'onde de densité de spin et la supraconductivité dans le modèle de Hubbard appliqué aux systèmes quasi-unidimensionnels". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4846.
Texto completo da fonteJemai, Mohsen. "Approximation des phases aléatoires self-consistante : applications à des systèmes de fermions fortement corrélés". Paris 11, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006530.
Texto completo da fonteIn the present thesis we have applied the self consistent RPA (SCRPA) to the Hubbard model with a small number of sites (a chain of 2, 4, 6, sites). Earlier SCRPA had produced very good results in other models like the pairing model of Richardson. It was therefore interesting to see what kind of results the method is able to produce in the case of a more complex model like the Hubbard model. To our great satisfaction the case of two sites with two electrons (half-filling) is solved exactly by the SCRPA. This may seem a little trivial but the fact is that other respectable approximations like "GW" or the approach with the Gutzwiller wave function yield results still far from exact. With this promising starting point, the case of 6 sites at half filling was considered next. For that case, evidently, SCRPA does not any longer give exact results. However, they are still excellent for a wide range of values of the coupling constant U, covering for instance the phase transition region towards a state with non zero magnetisation. We consider this as a good success of the theory. Non the less the case of 4 sites (a plaquette), as indeed all cases with 4n sites at half filling, turned out to have a problem because of degeneracies at the Hartree - Fock level. A generalisation of the present method, including in addition to the pairs, quadruples of Fermions operators (called second RPA) is proposed to also include exactly the plaquette case in our approach. This is therfore a very interesting perspective of the present work
Suwa-Eisenmann, Akiko. "L'Effet des plans de stabilisation sur la répartition des revenus dans les pays en voie de développement : 1980-86 : un modèle d'équilibre général calculable étendu". Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0009.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation evaluates the impact of the stabilization programs of the eighties on growth and income distribution in developing countries with the help of a computable general equilibrium model. Significant improvements were made, concerning market segmentation, adjustment rigidities or rationing, and macro closures aimed at modelling the short run impact on demand of fiscal and monetary policies. Moreover, modelling the financial side allows to replicate (even if it is not in an intertemporal horizon nor with endogenous expectations) portfolio choices. A particular emphasis has been put on calibration techniques. Then, the model is used as a "policy laboratory" and shows the role of three components: initial conditions, the nature of the external shock and stabilization itself, in the case of archetypes (one of them used to study the particular case of contractionary devaluation) and in cote d'ivoire between 1980 and 1986
Petrescu, Alexandru. "Topological phases with ultracold atoms and photons". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01208205/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe propose theoretical models that support topological phases and which are relevant to current experiments on lattices hosting photonic modes or ultracold atoms. In the first part of this thesis, we introduce a topological phase on a Kagom ́e lattice whose degrees of freedom are photons. In that context, we discuss two protocols to access the local Berry curvature and the Chern number of Bloch bands from semiclassical dynamics of wavepackets. Secondly, we obtain the phase diagram for bosons at unit filling with repulsive on–site interactions whose kinetic term corresponds to a Chern insulator defined on the honeycomb lattice. In the second part, we turn to recently realized quasi one–dimensional lattices, and un- cover their phase diagrams, comprising low–dimensional Meissner phases, chiral Mott insulating phases as well as abelian fractional quantum Hall states
Phung, Thu. "Études numériques du magnétisme et du transport dans des dispositifs nanoscopiques de graphène". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CERG1048.
Texto completo da fonte2D materials are attracting attention from a big research community in solid-state physics because of a large number of applications. Among these materials 'graphene' has been at the focus of attention ever since its experimental realization as a single layer of carbon atoms in 2004 as an alternative to silicon due to its many unusual properties. Honeycomb nanostructures such as quantum dots constitute fundamental building blocks for potential device applications. Essential ingredients of such nanostructures are provided by the edges since they give rise to low-energy excitations. Accordingly, such edge channels will dominate the transport of a nano-device. Furthermore, zigzag edges are unstable with respect to interactions such that one may get magnetism at these edges even if for example bulk graphene is non-magnetic. The combination of both factors bears promise for spintronic applications.The current work contributes to the theoretical understanding of the aforementioned phenomena. Concretely, we use a single-band Hubbard model with an on-site Coulomb interaction combined with the mean-field theory in order to compute the magnetic and transport properties of graphene nanoflakes. Previous investigations have shown that a mean-field decoupling of the interaction yields surprisingly accurate answers even for dynamical properties. At a technical level, once a static mean-field has been determined self-consistently, the problem is reduced to non-interacting electrons. A first part of this thesis revisits the Hartree-Fock mean-field approximation for bulk graphene to study the impact of electron-electron interaction with and without spin-orbit coupling and concurrently assess its accuracy by comparing with other numerical methods. The gapless semi-metal (for zero spin-orbit coupling) and the topological band insulator (for nonzero spin-orbit coupling) are stable for weak to intermediate electron-electron interaction, and undergo a transition to an antiferromagnetic phase at strong interaction. The antiferromagnetic order is of the Néel type without spin-orbit coupling, and of the easy-plane type with spin-orbit coupling. The systematic investigation of magnetism on graphenenanoflakes is the second part of the present work when ignoring the spin-orbit coupling. The onset of the edge magnetic moment strictly depends on the size of the graphene nanoflakes, the geometry and the edge termination. Herein, the origin of the magnetism on the edges of graphene nanoflakes is attributed to the localized edge states in zigzag edges which vanish in armchair edges. A final part of the dissertation investigates spin-resolved transport properties depending on the thermal bias, typically the transport of charge carriers via spin-up and spin-down channels, in a magnetic hexagonal graphene nanoflake connected with two metallic leads. As a temperature difference is applied, significant spin-up and spin-down currents, which are computed using the non-equilibrium Green’s Function technique combined with the mean-field theory, flow in opposite directions through the graphene nanoflakes. This is the consequence of the imbalance of charge carrier concentrations, which is determined by the Fermi-Dirac distribution at the two leads, and transmission spectra. Furthermore, our calculations show that a perfect spin-Seebeck effect, a purespin current without charge current, a high spin-filtering effect as well as the amplification of spin current can be obtained by tuning the temperature at the leads, the temperature gradient and the back-gate voltage. These results pave the way for new application potential of the graphene nanoflakes in the field of spin caloritronics
Bonnard, Jérémy. "Approches Monte-Carlo quantiques à chemins contraints pour le modèle en couches nucléaire". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2045.
Texto completo da fonteThe shell model is a powerful theoretical framework for studying the nuclear structure. Unfortunately, the exponential scaling of the many-body space with the number of nucleons or the number of valence levels strongly restricts its applicability. The Quantum Monte-Carlo (QMC) methods may then be considered as a possible alternative to the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. They are based on a stochastic reformulation of the Schrödinger equation that reduce the many-body problem to a set of one-body problems, numerically tractable, describing independent particles evolving in fluctuating external fields. The originality of the QMC scheme proposed in the present thesis is the use of a variational approach, with symmetry restoration before variation, to guide the Brownian motion and to constrain it in order to control the sign/phase problem that generally occurs in the QMC samplings for fermions. The “yrast” spectroscopy we obtain for sd- and fp-shell nuclei with realistic residual interactions agree remarkably well with the results from an exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. Moreover, an openness towards strongly correlated electronic systems is presented through new QMC schemes recently developed for the two-dimensional Hubbard model. In contrast with the traditional QMC samplings, they guarantee positive-weighted trajectories regardless the interaction strength or the doping of the lattice. We demonstrate that these schemes are in fact related to the stochastic approach applied to the nuclear shell model. The origin of the systematic errors that emerge in these methods, although free from sign/phase problem with the Hubbard Hamiltonian, is also discussed
Jackson, Francis. "Propriétés magnétiques du modèle de Hubbard et applications au composé supraconducteur La[indice inférieur 2-x]Sr[indice inférieur x]CuO[indice inférieur 4]". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4328.
Texto completo da fonteDos, Reis Daniel. "Évaluation électromagnétique en régime diffusif de défauts et objets 3D enfouis : du modèle d'interaction à l'inversion de données". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077186.
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