Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Modèle basé sur la physique"
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Tournemenne, Robin. "Optimisation d’un instrument de musique de type cuivre basée sur des simulations sonores par modèle physique". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0015/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents a method for design optimization of brass wind instruments. The shape of a trumpet's bore is optimized to improve intonation or the instrument timbre using a physics-based sound simulation model. This physics-based model consists of an acoustic model of the resonator, a mechanical model of the excitator and a model of the coupling between the excitator and the resonator. The simulation uses the harmonic balance technique to computate sounds in permanent regime, representative of the shape of the resonator according tocontrol parameters of the excitator (virtual musician). Optimization problems are formulated, in which the objective function to be minimized and the constraints define features of the instrument’s quality regarding the different playable notes. The design variables are the physical dimensions of the resonator. Given the computationally expensive function evaluation and the unavailability of gradients, a surrogate-assisted optimization framework is implemented using the mesh adaptive direct search algorithm (MADS). Two examples (with two and five design optimization variables) demonstrate the validity of the approach. Results show that significant improvement of intonation can be robustly achieved at reasonable computational cost. At last, two perceptive studies are carried out in order to confirm, on the one hand, the capacity of the physics based model to elicit differences between the instruments and, on the other hand, the capacity of the optimization method to propose perceptually distinct instruments
Jaganathen, Yannen. "Vers une description unifiée de la structure et des réactions basée sur le modèle en couches avec états de Gamow". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2041.
Texto completo da fonteGamow Shell Model which provides a consistent many-body description of nuclear bound states, resonances and scattering states can be considered an open-quantum-system extension to the standard Shell Model. The model lays the groundwork to a unified theoretical framework for the description of nuclear structure and nuclear reactions through a proper treatment of the coupling to the non-resonant particle continuum. So far used as a tool for nuclear structure studies, this work deals with its generalization to nuclear reactions, and more specifically to elastic and inelastic nucleon-nucleus scattering. We have shown that this model can be used in practical applications and allows a description on the one hand of the target which can be bound or resonant and the other hand the bound, resonant and scattering states of the total system. The first applications of the Gamow Shell Model formalism to proton scattering from 6He halo nucleus are presented in the thesis by the means of finite-ranged schematic interactions. The energy spectra of nuclei are determined, as well as p-6He phase shifts and differential cross sections, both elastic and inelastic (to the excited state of). The convergence of calculated cross sections to the number of partial waves is reviewed; results are compared to experimental data and their sensitivity to the choice of two-body interactions is also investigated
Taktak, Rym. "Étude de la déchirure ductile basée sur un modèle de croissance de cavités". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10134.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the study of ductile fracture of materials on micromechanical models based on local approach. Ductile fracture of metals occurs mainly by nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids. Concerning the local approach of ductile fracture, the emphasis is laid on the micromechanical model of Rice-Tracey. The latter based on growth cavities is verified in order to describe the ductile tearing in stainless steel NiCr(12NC6), 2024T351 aluminium alloy and polymer PA66. The experimental study is carried out on compact tension ct , central crack panel ccp, single edge notched tension sent and tensile axisymetric notched specimens to characterize ductile failure in different materials. The comparison of the experimental results with the classical Rice-Tracey model shows that it cannot make a good prediction using "j -da" curve. On the basis of fitting procedure and numerical simulation a correction of coefficients is introduced to improve the Rice-Tracey model. A methodology of identification of parameters is presented. Ductile crack growth, defined by the" j -da" curve, has been correctly simulated using the numerical calculations by adjusting the three parameters of " modified Rice-Tracey model in the calibration procedure. The proposed model is implemented into a finite element code. Close agreement between the computed results aj'ld experimentally measured values justifies the usefulness of the present modified model
El, Hore Ali. "Contribution à l'apprentissage de la résolution de problèmes scientifiques par la planification : une méthode d'explication basée sur un modèle appelé l'intention de raisonnements". Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10003.
Texto completo da fonteLearning the art of reasoning and problem solving is a fundamental part of student training. This thesis proposes a model for the study of reasoning applied to the resolution of theoretical problems in physics. Drawing on constructivist theories of learning, training is presented not so much as the transmission of knowledge from the teacher to the learners but rather as an active process of re-creation of that knowledge by learners who learn by observing, imitating and by doing. Training must be preceded by a thorough understanding of problem solving techniques. We propose to help the study of physics by using a system we have developed called the Pero system. Problem solving is based on a self-explanatory resolution model. This model is a planner that allows solving mathematical problems applied to physics. The model proposes to integrate the notion of intention into the process of resolution in order to add knowledge of problem solving explanations. The resolution graph, in which the nodes correspond to the states of the planner and the curves to the actions of resolution, makes it possible to represent explanations as being the goal, the means and the rationale of resolution at the level of each action. At the time of the training, explanatory knowledge is generated to allow learners to make the observations necessary to promote understanding before reproducing similar resolutions. This thesis lies behind the development of the Pero prototype in which an indexing module based on ontology of the field was added. The indexing module makes it possible to find exercises which have already been solved. The validation of the approach is based on a series of exercises in the field of electricity.
Taktak, Rym. "Étude de la déchirure ductile basée sur un modèle de croissance de cavités". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10134.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the study of ductile fracture of materials on micromechanical models based on local approach. Ductile fracture of metals occurs mainly by nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids. Concerning the local approach of ductile fracture, the emphasis is laid on the micromechanical model of Rice-Tracey. The latter based on growth cavities is verified in order to describe the ductile tearing in stainless steel NiCr(12NC6), 2024T351 aluminium alloy and polymer PA66. The experimental study is carried out on compact tension ct , central crack panel ccp, single edge notched tension sent and tensile axisymetric notched specimens to characterize ductile failure in different materials. The comparison of the experimental results with the classical Rice-Tracey model shows that it cannot make a good prediction using "j -da" curve. On the basis of fitting procedure and numerical simulation a correction of coefficients is introduced to improve the Rice-Tracey model. A methodology of identification of parameters is presented. Ductile crack growth, defined by the" j -da" curve, has been correctly simulated using the numerical calculations by adjusting the three parameters of " modified Rice-Tracey model in the calibration procedure. The proposed model is implemented into a finite element code. Close agreement between the computed results aj'ld experimentally measured values justifies the usefulness of the present modified model
Arizmendi, David. "Simulation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis, de la déformation plastique des cristaux à structure cubique centrée en utilisant un modèle basé sur les mécanismes physiques de la plasticité cristalline". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132052.
Texto completo da fonteBernal, Caroline. "Promotion des comportements actifs chez des enfants d’école primaire issus d’un quartier défavorisé : mise en place et évaluation d’une intervention multi-leviers basée sur le modèle socio-écologique et effets de l’activité physique sur les capacités attentionnelles". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3056.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the most promising strategies to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary time (ST) of the children is the implementation of school-based interventions. This work had 4 main objectives: 1) To analyse PA and ST of 8-to-11 year-old children during different periods of the day in France and in Spain; 2) To construct and evaluate the effectiveness of a duplicated school-based intervention designed to active behaviours of 6-to-10-years-old children of a disadvantaged neighbourhood; 3) To analyse the experiences of the teachers during this intervention; 4) To explore the relationships between PA, motor skills and attentional capacities for children. Positives effects have occurred before the intervention in each school and have been maintained at post-intervention (p<0.05). Attentional capacities were predicted by motors skills, including coordination of the upper limb. Thus, this work provides new directions in the advancement of PA promotion
Blagouchine, Iaroslav. "Modélisation et analyse de la parole : Contrôle d’un robot parlant via un modèle interne optimal basé sur les réseaux de neurones artificiels. Outils statistiques en analyse de la parole". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX26666.
Texto completo da fonteThis Ph.D. dissertation deals with speech modeling and processing, which both share the speech quality aspect. An optimum internal model with constraints is proposed and discussed for the control of a biomechanical speech robot based on the equilibrium point hypothesis (EPH, lambda-model). It is supposed that the robot internal space is composed of the motor commands lambda of the equilibrium point hypothesis. The main idea of the work is that the robot movements, and in particular the robot speech production, are carried out in such a way that, the length of the path, traveled in the internal space, is minimized under acoustical and mechanical constraints. Mathematical aspect of the problem leads to one of the problems of variational calculus, the so-called geodesic problem, whose exact analytical solution is quite complicated. By using some empirical findings, an approximate solution for the proposed optimum internal model is then developed and implemented. It gives interesting and challenging results, and shows that the proposed internal model is quite realistic; namely, some similarities are found between the robot speech and the real one. Next, by aiming to analyze speech signals, several methods of statistical speech signal processing are developed. They are based on higher-order statistics (namely, on normalized central moments and on the fourth-order cumulant), as well as on the discrete normalized entropy. In this framework, we also designed an unbiased and efficient estimator of the fourth-order cumulant in both batch and adaptive versions
Ma, Tai-Yu. "Modèle dynamique de transport basé sur les activités". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003309.
Texto completo da fonteMa, Ta-Yu. "Modèle dynamique de transport basé sur les activités". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003309.
Texto completo da fonteDescamps, Cathy. "Etude de la capture du CO2 [dioxyde de carbone] par absorption physique dans les systèmes de production d'électricité basés sur la gazéification du charbon intégrée à un cycle combiné". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005506.
Texto completo da fonteAndriamasinoro, Fenintsoa. "Proposition d'un modèle d'agents hybrides basé sur la motivation naturelle". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474542.
Texto completo da fonteBrini, Asma Hedia. "Un modèle de recherche d'information basé sur les réseaux possibilistes". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30224.
Texto completo da fonteWe propose an approach to Information Retrieval (IR) where relevance is flexible. The model is based on possibilistic networks where documents, index terms and query are binary variables and arcs are quantified in the theory of possibility framework. This model should provide proposition like : (i) it is plausible to a certain degree that the document is relevant ; (ii) it is necessary that the document is relevant given the query. The first kind of answer is meant to eliminate irrelevant documents (weak plausibility). The second answer focuses attention on what looks very relevant. Besides, we proposed three new discriminant factors that penalise documents not containing query important terms. These factors can be adaptable to any existing models. The results obtained show the effectiveness of our approach
Ganet, Leslie. "Construction et catégorisation d'explication : un modèle basé sur la catégorisation contextuelle". Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082668.
Texto completo da fonteWhereas teaching explanation fulfils a determining function in the processes of comprehension and training, contrary to scientific explanation, the way in which the production of an explanation is carried out does not have a satisfactory solution up to now. The point of view defended in this research is that the context of the topics of the explanation and the context of the situation of explanation are elements which take part in the construction of the conceptual contents of the explanation which can be modelled with contextual categorization mechanisms. Within this framework, the construction of explanation is seen as an active process of construction of representa-tion in the form of a network of categories (lattice of Galois lattices) and verbalization as an ordered exhibition of categories and of implication. Exhibition follows a top-down formulation of the common, specific and relational properties. Implication is a bottom-up link towards the target category. Predictions of the model are evaluated with seven experiments and the results are discussed according to types of explana-tions and of contexts
Ould, Ouali Lydia. "Modèle de négociation collaborative basé sur la relation interpersonnelle de dominance". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS470/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe rise of work in affective computing sees the emergence of various research questions to study agent / human interactions. Among them raises the question of the impact of interpersonal relations on the strategies of communication. Human/agent interactions usually take place in collaborative environments in which the agent and the user share common goals. The interpersonal relations which individuals create during their interactions affects their communications strategies. Moreover, individuals who collaborate to achieve a common goal are usually brought to negotiate. This type of negotiation allows the negotiators to efficiently exchange information and their respective expertise in order to better collaborate. The objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the interpersonal relationship of dominance on collaborative negotiation strategies between an agent and a human. This work is based on studies from social psychology to define the behaviours related to the manifestation of dominance in a negotiation. We propose a collaborative negotiation model whose decision model is governed by the interpersonal relation of dominance. Depending on its position in the dominance spectrum, the agent is able to express a specific negotiation strategy. In parallel, the agent simulates an interpersonal relationship of dominance with his interlocutor. To this aim, we provided the agent with a model of theory of mind that allows him to reason about the behaviour of his interlocutor in order to predict his position in the dominance spectrum. Afterwards, the agent adapts his negotiation strategy to complement the negotiation strategy detected in the interlocutor. Our results showed that the dominance behaviours expressed by our agent are correctly perceived by human participants. Furthermore, our model of theory of mind is able de make accurate predictions of the interlocutor behaviours of dominance with only a partial representation of the other's mental state. Finally, the simulation of the interpersonal relation of dominance has a positive impact on the negotiation: the negotiators reach a good rate of common gains and the negotiation is perceived comfortable which increases the liking between the negotiators
Truong, Hien Thi Thu. "Un modèle de collaboration basé sur les contrats et la confiance". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769076.
Texto completo da fonteTruong, Hien Thi Thu. "Un modèle de collaboration basé sur les contrats et la confiance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0181.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, information technologies provide users ability to work with anyone, at any time, from everywhere and with several heterogeneous devices. This evolution fosters a new distributed trustworthy collaboration model where users can work on shared documents with whom they trust. Multi-synchronous collaboration is widely used for supporting collaborative work by maintaining simultaneous streams of user activities which continually diverge and converge. However, this model lacks support on how usage restrictions on data can be expressed and checked within the model. This thesis proposes "C-PPC", a multi-synchronous contract-based and trust-aware collaboration model. In this model, contracts are used as usage rules and users collaborate according to trust levels they have on others computed according to contract compliance. We formalize contracts by using deontic concepts: permission, obligation and prohibition. Contracts are enclosed in logs of operations over shared data. The C-PPC model provides a mechanism for merging data changes and contracts. Any user can audit logs at any time and auditing results are used to update user trust levels based on a trust metric. We propose a solution relying on hash-chain based authenticators that ensures integrity of logs and user accountability. We provide algorithms for constructing authenticators and verifying logs and prove their correctness. A set of experimental results shows the feasibility of the C-PPC model
Dolganov, Rostislav. "Développement d'un modèle LES basé sur la théorie de la distorsion rapide". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577098.
Texto completo da fonteFagot, Alain. "Réexécution déterministe pour un modèle procédural parallèle basé sur les processus légers". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004942.
Texto completo da fonteYassine, Imad. "Définition d'un langage formel de requêtes basé sur un modèle entité-association". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4828.
Texto completo da fonteMaurice, François. "Un modèle d'évaluation et d'amélioration d'entités logicielles basé sur l'utilisation de métriques". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30192.
Texto completo da fonteHernert, Patrice. "Un système d'acquisition de définitions basé sur le modèle des graphes conceptuels". Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA132012.
Texto completo da fonteGhadi, Abderrahim. "Modèle hiérarchique de contrôle d'accès d'UNIX basé sur un graphe de rôles". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6005.
Texto completo da fonteConcerning access control, can the following question be addressed : "Is the access control system decidable ?". In other words : is it true that starting from a safe state of protection, we can assume at any time that is no intrusion which will endanger our system ?. In order to answer this question, we propose to model the access control system in the form of a graph of roles. The roles, which represent the vertices of graph contain, according to the security-policy, certain number of privileges. Every privilege represents one or several access rights on a given object. We presented two methods of use of this graph : The first consists in using an algorithm, which we developed by basing itself on the algorithms of the theory of the graphs, permit to search all over the path of the graph in order to find illicit privilege transfer. The second consists in storing our graph in a directory LDAP, this which brings us to develop a new plan LDAP to represent our graph of roles
Majoul, Salam. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un modèle de coordination basé sur la réécriture". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30171.
Texto completo da fonteHeinrich, Sophie. "Développement d'un nouveau modèle de point de scission basé sur des ingrédients microscopiques". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112247.
Texto completo da fonteNucleus fission process is a very complex phenomenon and, even nowadays, no realistic models describing the overall process are available. The work presented here deals with a theoretical description of fission fragments distributions in mass, charge, energy and deformation. We have reconsidered and updated the B. D. Wilking Scission Point model. Our purpose was to test if this statistic model applied at the scission point and by introducing new results of modern microscopic calculations allows to describe quantitatively the fission fragments distributions. We calculate the surface energy available at the scission point as a function of the fragments deformations. This surface is obtained from a Hartree Fock Bogoliubov microscopic calculation which guarantee a realistic description of the potential dependence on the deformation for each fragment. The statistic balance is described by the level densities of the fragment. We have tried to avoid as much as possible the input of empirical parameters in the model. Our only parameter, the distance between each fragment at the scission point, is discussed by comparison with scission configuration obtained from full dynamical microscopic calculations. Also, the comparison between our results and experimental data is very satisfying and allow us to discuss the success and limitations of our approach. We finally proposed ideas to improve the model, in particular by applying dynamical corrections
Lesage, David. "Un modèle dynamique de spécifications d'ingénierie basé sur une approche de géométrie variationnelle". Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0115.
Texto completo da fonteBonneu, Adrien. "Développement d’un modèle continu d’enracinement, basé sur l’agrégation de l’architecture racinaire des plantes". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20109/document.
Texto completo da fonteModelling and simulating plant root growth in connection with soil water and nutrient transfer is an important challenge that finds applications in many fields of research. Root growth models have been classified into SM (Structural Models), FSM (Functional Structural Models) and DBM (Density Based Models). Models based on explicit representations of root system structures simulate realistic patterns. Density based models aggregate root development and describe the evolution of root densities in space and time. The main advantage of this kind of models based on continuous formulation is that the computational time is independent of the number of roots, which is especially useful for applications at the plant stand scale. Moreover, the use of continuous models facilitates coupling with other functional and physical models that are also based on continuous equations such as water and nutrient transport.The aim of the thesis is to propose a minimal (i.e. involving a minimum number of parameters) and generic (i.e. applicable to a wide range of root architectures) continuous model based on a partial differential equation. This model is presented in a 3D form and considers the number of apices per unit volume of soil as output variable. The equation includes three main physical phenomena, namely advection, diffusion andreaction, which aggregate different aspects of root architectural and developmental rules, e.g. primary growth, branching and mortality. A numerical scheme based on an operator splitting method is proposed to solve the equation by separating the three different processes. It is a powerful and consistent numerical method that allows the use of appropriate numerical scheme for each operator. Observed data with their variability, which are encoded using architectural models, are used to calibrate the continuous model. The continuous model is then used to simulate the spatio-temporal evolution of the mean density of apex number for root systems with different developmental rules. The evaluation of this modelling approach is carried out on : 1- horizontal roots of eucalyptus that are controlled by a main apex ; 2- centralizedsystems, e.g. maize root systems, and 3- decentralized root systems, e.g. couch grass root systems.The results of the calibration method were satisfactory and allowed us to define and simulate different root growth strategies
Lechartier, Élodie. "Contribution au prognostic de pile à combustible PEMFC basé sur modèle semi-analytique". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2066/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe current environmental concerns lead us to consider alternative solutions. The fuel cell can be one of them with numerous advantages, it presents however weaknesses, especially, its life duration which is too short. Face to this issue, we offer to apply the PHM to the PEMFC. For that, it is necessary to develop the prognostics for this application and the possibility of the on-line implementation on an industrial system. It was chosen to base the approach on a behavioral model in which the knowledge gaps are completed with the use of data. So, the approach proposed here, is hybrid. In this work, the behavioral model is studied on laps of time longer in order to finally introduce a prediction of a thousand of hours. Then, the online implementation on a real system is considered with a genericity and an applicability study. This work proposes a hybrid prognostics approach based on a behavioral model and study its implementation on an industrial system
Rabab, Houssam. "Modeling of sodium-ion batteries for on-board diagnosis of their states of charge and health". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COMP2809.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis presents a physics-based model for sodium-ion cells of the NVPF/HC type. The model takes into account the complexities involved in modeling these cells, notably due to their nonlinearities in current, temperature and state of charge (SoC). The model structure is an equivalent circuit enhanced by concepts used in single particle models (SPM) to form an ECM-SPe structure, suitable for diagnosis of the SoC and the state nof health (SoH) of the cell. The ECM-SPe structure separates the effects of solid-phase and liquid-phase diffusion. It is shown that classical modeling of solid-phase diffusion effects by impedance leads to numerous difficulties. As a replacement, an innovative approach is proposed using shifts in SoC of the open circuit voltage (OCV). These shifts are directly related to electrochemical phenomena, enabling the implementation of physical nonlinearity models. The ECM-SPe structure characterizes various electrochemical phenomena as voltage contributions: ohmic or static overvoltage (Vs), surface overvoltage (Vsurf) which includes charge transfers and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) overvoltages, liquid phase diffusion overvoltage (Vld) and the surface equilibrium voltage (SEV). Analytical models for current, temperature and SoC nonlinearities are proposed for each voltage contribution. These nonlinearity models are based on physical and empirical equations to characterize the model parameters without the use of lookup tables. The NVPF/HC model consists of the ECM-SPe structure with the nonlinearity models for the voltage contributions. The PhD details experimental protocols for parameter determination, which include constant current tests, pulse tests, and impedance spectroscopies, performed under various currents, temperatures and SoC. The performance of the model is validated by comparisons with experimental data, demonstrating promising results. In addition, the NVPF/HC model can be used as a diagnostic tool for charge transfers and SEI by separating their nonlinearities in current, temperature and SoC. The NVPF/HC model shows its reliability for estimating the cell voltage in variablecurrent applications, with good performance at currents up to ±5C and temperatures above 5 ◦C. The study also highlights the need to develop distinct characterization tests for solid and liquid diffusion contributions
Saint-Aimé, Sébastien. "Conception et réalisation d'un robot compagnon expressif basé sur un modèle calculatoire des émotions". Phd thesis, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589294.
Texto completo da fonteVautherin, Jacques. "Un modèle algébrique, basé sur les réseaux de Petri, pour l'étude des systèmes parallèles". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112219.
Texto completo da fonteWe present a method of formal specification for parallel systems which combines abstract data types theory and Petri nets (PN) theory. We also introduce some analysis tools for such specifications: we examine how the properties of the models of a specification are related to the properties of an ordinary underlying PN; also, by extending the usual concept of semi-flow for ordinary PN, we show how it is possible to compute on a specification some invariants of the behaviour of its models. Finally, we present, for some "regular" models, an extension of the structural characterization of vivacity already known for some ordinary PN (states machines, events graphs)
Conrad-Lapostolle, Véronique. "Construction d'un modèle d'expansion de progéniteurs hématopoïétiques humains basé sur l'utilisation d'un biomatériau endothélialisé". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28699.
Texto completo da fonteEke, Didier Félix. "Méthode d'identification en virgule fixe d'un modèle non linéaire basé sur les algorithmes génétiques". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1808/1/030042217.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteHachicha, Maroua. "Un modèle de prise de décision basé sur la performace des procesus métiers collaboratifs". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2028.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on improving the performance evaluation of collaborative business processes. It is about pursuing the evolution of the collaboration between the company and its partners. In the beginning, three abstraction levels were identified: Business, functional and application. Then, we developed a top-down approach from the business level to the application level. In the business level, different key performance indicators have been proposed through the ECOGRAI method. In the application level, we proposed an analytical repository containing functional technical indicators such as duration, input, output, and non-functional, including maturity, risk, and interoperability based on execution traces. We have thus proposed an ontological model in order to capitalize and enrich the semantics of the performance of these processes. We proposed a bottom-up model for the aggregation of technical indicators at the business level. The main objective of this aggregation is the correlation between the behavior of the aggregated business application from the execution and the evolution of the business indicators. Another business event management model was also proposed to consolidate the learning process of our approach. Moreover, to ensure the convergence of performance, we have combined traces management and business event management. This combination allows to accompany the evolution of the collaborative business processes during their execution. The aforementionedaccompaniment favors the obtaining of a diagnosis on performance to be used for decision-making. The latter is closely linked to the detection of alerts and particularly to the anticipation of deviations in performance as quickly as possible. To validate the scientific contribution of this thesis, a case study was carried out on a process of creation of quote within the framework of the European project FITMAN
Saint-Aimé, Sébastien. "Conception et réalisation d'un robot compagnon expressif basé sur un modèle calculatoire des émotions". Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS188.
Texto completo da fonteHuafeng, Yu. "Un Modèle Réactif Basé sur MARTE Dédié au Calcul Intensif à Parallélisme de Données : Transformation vers le Modèle Synchrone". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00497248.
Texto completo da fonteLes travaux de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la validation formelle et le contrôle réactif de calculs à haute performance sur systèmes-sur-puce (SoC).
Dans ce contexte, la première contribution est la modélisation synchrone accompagnée d'une transformation d'applications en équations synchrones. Les modéles synchrones permettent de résoudre plusieurs questions liées à la validation formelle via l'usage des outils et techniques formels offerts par la technologie synchrone. Les transformations sont développées selon l'approche d'Ingénierie Dirigé par les Modèles (IDM).
La deuxième contribution est une extension et amélioration des mécanismes de contrôle pour les calculs à haute performance, sous forme de constructeurs de langage de haut-niveau et de leur sémantique. Ils ont été défini afin de permettre la vérification, synthèse et génération de code. Il s'agit de déterminer un niveau d'abstraction de représentation des systèmes où soit extraite la partie contrôle, et de la modéliser sous forme d'automates à états finis. Ceci permet de spécifier et implémenter des changements de modes de calculs, qui se distinguent par exemple par les ressources utilisées, la qualité de service fournie, ou le choix d'algorithme remplissant une fonctionnalité.
Ces contributions permettent l'utilisation d'outils d'analyse et vérification, tels que la vérification de propriétés d'assignement unique et dépendance acyclique, model checking. L'utilisation de techniques de synthèse de contrôleurs discrets est également traitée. Elles peuvent assurer la correction de faˆ on constructive: à partir d'une spécification partielle du contrôle, la partie manquante pour que les propriétés soient satisfaites est calculée. Grâce à ces techniques, lors du développement de la partie contrôle, la spécification est simplifiée, et le résultat est assuré d'être correct par construction.
Les modélisations synchrone et de contrôle reposes sur MARTE et UML. Les travaux de cette thèse sont été partiellement implémentés dans le cadre de Gaspard, dédié aux applications de traitement de données intensives. Une étude de cas est présentée, dans laquelle nous nous intéressont à une application de système embarqué pour téléphone portable multimédia.
Yu, Huafeng. "Un modèle réactif basé sur MARTE dédié au calcul intensif à parallélisme de données : transformation vers le modèle synchrone". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10151/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe work presented in this dissertation is carried out in the context of System-on-Chip (SoC) and embedded system design, particularly dedicated to data-parallel intensive processing applications (DIAs). Examples of such applications are found in multimedia processing and signal processing. On the one hand, safe design of DIAs is considered to be important due to the need of Quality of Service, safety criticality, etc., in these applications. However, the complexity of current embedded systems makes it difficult to meet this requirement. On the other hand, high-Ievel safe control, is highly demanded in order to ensure the correctness and strengthen the flexibility and adaptivity of DIAs. As an answer to this issue, we propose to take advantage of synchronous languages to assist safe DIAs design. First, a synchronous modeling bridges the gap between the Gaspard2 framework, which is dedicated to SoC design for DIAs, and synchronous languages that act as a model of computation enabling formal validation. The latter, together with their tools, enable high-Ievel validation of Gaspard2 specifications. Secondly, a reactive extension to a previous control proposition in Gaspard2, is also addressed. This extension is based on mode automata and contributes to conferring safe and verifiable features onto the previous proposition. As a result, model checking and discret controller synthesis can be applied for the purpose of correctness verification. Finally, a Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) approach is adopted in order to implement and validate our proposition, as well as benefit fron the advantages of MDE to address system complexity and productivity issues. Synchronous modeling, MARTE-based (the UML profile fo Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded system) control modeling, and model transformations, including code generation, are dealt with in the implementation
Nguyen, An-Te. "COCoFil2 : Un nouveau système de filtrage collaboratif basé sur le modèle des espaces de communautés". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353945.
Texto completo da fonteLe premier aspect de la gestion des communautés à étudier est la capacité des utilisateurs à percevoir des communautés. D'une part, la perception des communautés permet d'améliorer la confiance des utilisateurs dans les recommandations générées à partir de ces communautés, et par conséquent de les motiver à fournir des évaluations sur lesquelles appuyer la formation des communautés pour le filtrage collaboratif. D'autre part, cette capacité autorise les utilisateurs à explorer d'autres communautés potentiellement intéressantes.
Le second aspect à prendre en compte est les informations sur lesquelles appuyer la formation des communautés. On voit dans la réalité qu'une personne reçoit souvent toutes sortes de recommandations intéressantes de ses proches, de ses collègues de travail, etc. Nous émettons donc l'hypothèse que la multiplicité des critères pour former des communautés, incluant profession, centres d'intérêt, historique des évaluations, etc., peut être exploitée pour enrichir les recommandations générées pour un utilisateur.
Enfin, les communautés d'un utilisateur évoluent au cours du temps. En raison de la multiplicité des critères, la qualité du positionnement des utilisateurs au sein des communautés est conditionnée par la qualité des valeurs données pour chaque utilisateur à chaque critère. Certains critères demandent beaucoup d'efforts de la part des utilisateurs, et peuvent être coûteux également pour le système, d'où des difficultés à positionner les utilisateurs dans des communautés.
Ainsi, pour la gestion des communautés dans un système de filtrage collaboratif, nous proposons le modèle des espaces de communautés qui présente les caractéristiques suivantes : gestion des communautés explicites, formation multiple des communautés selon divers critères et stratégie de positionnement des utilisateurs au sein des communautés.
L'intégration de notre modèle des espaces de communautés dans un système de filtrage collaboratif permet donc d'améliorer l'exploitation des communautés formées à partir des critères disponibles dans les profils des utilisateurs. Nous présentons la plateforme du filtrage collaboratif COCoFil2 comme la mise en œuvre du modèle proposé ainsi que nos travaux de validation sur un jeu de données réelles.
Zemirli, Nesrine. "Modèle d'accès personnalisé à l'information basé sur les Diagrammes d'Influence intégrant un profil utilisateur évolutif". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355844.
Texto completo da fonteMaradei-Garcia, Maria-Paola. "Modèle cinétique regroupé, basé sur la génération du réseau d'étapes élémentaires, du reformage catalytique régénératif". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2262.
Texto completo da fonteCatalytic reforming is one of the main processes in petrochemical refining. It allows to obtain gasolines with high octane number. In petrochemical industry, it is significant to be able to control the processes in order to obtain high quality products at an acceptable economic cost. The knowledge of chemical reactions implied in the process is the response to this industrial problem. This knowledge coupled with the interest to optimize the industrial process allows the good prediction of the yields and thus a better quality control ; therefore, the use of kinetic models is essential. The "single events" method allows to kinetic modeling of a process while taking into account the interaction between molecules ; therefore, the chemical reactions are defined like elementary steps by using the chemistry of the carbocations. The kinetic constants are defined as independent of the symmetry of the molecules implied in an unspecified reaction. The experimental data obtained from the heptan or octan isomers feeds allowed us to study, on one hand, the influence of the operating conditions on the yield and selectivity of the main products and, on another hand, to estimate the kinetic parameters of the model. Otherwise, we could determine the influence of the aromatic compounds in the feed on the catalyst activity and selectivity. This influence has been taken into account in the model by introducing an adsorption constant on the acid phase for those aromatic species, what had not been done previously
Zemirli, Wahiba Nesrine. "Modèle d'accès personnalisé à l'information basé sur les Diagrammes d'Influence intégrant un profil utilisateur évolutif". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30234.
Texto completo da fonteThe goal of personalization in information retrieval is to tailor the search engine results to the specific goals, preferences and general interests of the users. This thesis presents a novel IR model able to integrate the user in the process of information access. Our contribution is particularly based on the belief that personalized retrieval is a decision making problem. For this reason, we propose to apply influence diagrams which are an extension of Bayesian networks to such problems, in order to solve the hard problem of user based relevance estimation. The basic underlying idea is to substitute the traditional relevance function which measures the degree of matching document-query, a function indexed by the user. In our approach, the user is profiled using his long-term interests. More precisely the user profiling is performed by managing the user search history using statistical based operators in order to highlight the user short-term interests seen as surrogates for building the long-term ones. The method focuses on the use of both user relevance point of view on familiar words in order to infer and express his interests and the use of a correlation metric measure in order to update them. In order to validate our model, we propose furthermore a novel evaluation protocol suitable for the personalized retrieval task. The test collection is an expansion of the standard TREC test data with user's profiles, obtained using a learning scenario of the user's interests. The experimental results show that our personalized retrieval model is effective
Pitault, Isabelle. "Modélisation du craquage catalytique de distillats sous vide : modèle cinétique basé sur une description moléculaire". Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2296.
Texto completo da fonteBouzouane, Abdenour. "Un modèle multi-agents basé sur le tableau noir : Application au pilotage d'une délégation d'assurances". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0032.
Texto completo da fonteDelcour, Maxime. "Développement d'un modèle animal de paralysie cérébrale : basé sur l'ischémie prénatale et l'expérience sensorimotrice anormale". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4744/document.
Texto completo da fonteCerebral palsy (CP) corresponds to various motor, sensory and cognitive disorders related to white matter damage (i.e. periventricular leucomalacia, PVL) often occurring after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events. To reproduce PVL in rodents, we used a prenatal ischemia (PI) that induces white and gray matter damage. The ischemic rats exhibit visual-spatial cognitive deficits and hyperactivity, as observed in patients with CP, related to lesions of entorhinal, prefrontal and cingular cortices. Only mild locomotor disorders are induced by PI, associated to signs of spasticity, along with anatomical and functional degradation in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), while the primary motor cortex (M1) remains unchanged. Thus, PI recapitulates the main symptoms found in children born preterm. Abnormal spontaneous movements (i.e. general movements) observed in infants who develop CP later on suggest that abnormal sensorimotor experience during maturation is key in the development of this catastrophic disease. The combination of a sensorimotor restriction (SMR) and PI in animal induces fewer cognitive deficits but still hyperactivity. Such a combination leads to severe postural and motor disorders, and spasticity, associated with musculoskeletal pathologies, as observed in patients with CP. In addition to motor disorders, drastic topographical disorganization of cortical maps in S1 and M1 suggest a major dysfunction of sensorimotor loops
Nikiema, Jean. "Intégration de connaissances biomédicales hétérogènes grâce à un modèle basé sur les ontologies de support". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0179/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the biomedical domain, there are almost as many knowledge resources in health as there are application fields. These knowledge resources, described according to different representation models and for different contexts of use, raise the problem of complexity of their interoperability, especially for actual public health problematics such as personalized medicine, translational medicine and the secondary use of medical data. Indeed, these knowledge resources may represent the same notion in different ways or represent different but complementary notions.For being able to use knowledge resources jointly, we studied three processes that can overcome semantic conflicts (difficulties encountered when relating distinct knowledge resources): the alignment, the integration and the semantic enrichment of the integration. The alignment consists in creating a set of equivalence or subsumption mappings between entities from knowledge resources. The integration aims not only to find mappings but also to organize all knowledge resources’ entities into a unique and coherent structure. Finally, the semantic enrichment of integration consists in finding all the required mapping relations between entities of distinct knowledge resources (equivalence, subsumption, transversal and, failing that, disjunction relations).In this frame, we firstly realized the alignment of laboratory tests terminologies: LOINC and the local terminology of Bordeaux hospital. We pre-processed the noisy labels of the local terminology to reduce the risk of naming conflicts. Then, we suppressed erroneous mappings (confounding conflicts) using the structure of LOINC.Secondly, we integrated RxNorm to SNOMED CT. We constructed formal definitions for each entity in RxNorm by using their definitional features (active ingredient, strength, dose form, etc.) according to the design patterns proposed by SNOMED CT. We then integrated the constructed definitions into SNOMED CT. The obtained structure was classified and the inferred equivalences generated between RxNorm and SNOMED CT were compared to morphosyntactic mappings. Our process resolved some cases of naming conflicts but was confronted to confounding and scaling conflicts, which highlights the need for improving RxNorm and SNOMED CT.Finally, we performed a semantically enriched integration of ICD-10 and ICD-O3 using SNOMED CT as support. As ICD-10 describes diagnoses and ICD-O3 describes this notion according to two different axes (i.e., histological lesions and anatomical structures), we used the SNOMED CT structure to identify transversal relations between their entities (resolution of open conflicts). During the process, the structure of the SNOMED CT was also used to suppress erroneous mappings (naming and confusion conflicts) and disambiguate multiple mappings (scale conflicts)
Grand, Maxence. "Apprentissage de Modèle d'Actions basé sur l'Induction Grammaticale Régulière pour la Planification en Intelligence Artificielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALM044.
Texto completo da fonteThe field of artificial intelligence aims to design and build autonomous agents able to perceive, learn and act without any human intervention to perform complex tasks. To perform complex tasks, the autonomous agent must plan the best possible actions and execute them. To do this, the autonomous agent needs an action model. An action model is a semantic representation of the actions it can execute. In an action model, an action is represented using (1) a precondition: the set of conditions that must be satisfied for the action to be executed and (2) the effects: the set of properties of the world that will be altered by the execution of the action. STRIPS planning is a classical method to design these action models. However, STRIPS action models are generally too restrictive to be used in real-world applications. There are other forms of action models: temporal action models allowing to represent actions that can be executed concurrently, HTN action models allowing to represent actions as tasks and subtasks, etc. These models are less restrictive, but the less restrictive the models are the more difficult they are to design. In this thesis, we are interested in approaches facilitating the acquisition of these action models based on machine learning techniques.In this thesis, we present AMLSI (Action Model Learning with State machine Interaction), an approach for action model learning based on Regular Grammatical Induction. First, we show that the AMLSI approach allows to learn (STRIPS) action models. We will show the different properties of the approach proving its efficiency: robustness, convergence, require few learning data, quality of the learned models. In a second step, we propose two extensions for temporal action model learning and HTN action model learning
Kekatos, Nikolaos. "Vérification formelle des systèmes cyber-physiques dans le processus industriel de la conception basée sur modèle". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM081/document.
Texto completo da fonteCyber-Physical Systems form a class of complex, large-scale systems of frequently safety-critical nature in various industrial applications. Formal verification approaches can provide performance and safety guarantees for these systems. They require three elements: a formal model, a formal verification method, and a set of formal specifications. However, industrial models are typically non-formal, they are analyzed in non-formal simulation environments, and their specifications are described in non-formal natural language. In this thesis, we aim to facilitate the integration of formal verification into the industrial model-based design process.Our first key contribution is a model transformation methodology. Starting with a standard simulation model, we transform it into an equivalent verification model, particularly a network of hybrid automata. The transformation process addresses differences in syntax, semantics, and other aspects of modeling. For this class of formal models, so-called reachability algorithms can be applied to verify safety properties. An obstacle is that scalable algorithms exist for piecewise affine (PWA) models, but not for nonlinear ones. To obtain PWA over-approximations of nonlinear dynamics, we propose a compositional syntactic hybridization technique. The result is a highly compact model that retains the modular structure of the original simulation model and largely avoids an explosion in the number of partitions.The second key contribution is an approach to encode rich formal specifications so that they can be interpreted by tools for reachability. Herein, we consider specifications expressed by pattern templates since they are close to natural language and can be easily understood by non-expert users. We provide (i) formal definitions for select patterns that respect the semantics of hybrid automata, and (ii) monitors which encode the properties as the reachability of an error state. By composing these monitors with the formal model under study, the properties can be checked by off-the-shelf fully automated verification tools.Furthermore, we provide a semi-automated toolchain and present results from case studies conducted in collaboration with industrial partners
Ngouajio, Mathieu. "Développement d'un modèle de prédiction des pertes dues aux mauvaises herbes basé sur l'analyse d'images numériques". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ39383.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteHofleitner, Aude. "Développement d'un modèle d'estimation des variables de trafic urbain basé sur l'utilisation des technologies de géolocalisation". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798239.
Texto completo da fonteParadis, Jocelin. "Modèle théorique de détermination du taux de capitalisation ajusté au risque basé sur des données comptables". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8233.
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