Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Mobilités urbaines – France"
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Hatt-Diener, Marie-Noël. "Strasbourg à la croisée des chemins : étude des mobilités urbaines : 1810-1840". Tours, 2001. http://books.openedition.org/pus/12181.
Texto completo da fonteJuste, Nicolas. "Une politique de mobilité est-elle une alternative pertinente à la rénovation urbaine ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILA001.
Texto completo da fonteIn Europe, as in the United States, public authorities pay particular attention to the existence within our cities of neighborhoods that concentrate social problems. Post-war social housing estates, American black ghettos, formerly dynamic city centers - these neighborhoods take many forms and are the focus of specific programs in most countries. In France, action in these areas is known as "Politique de la Ville". The various programs put in place consider that the spatial concentration of poverty is at the root of the disorders observed. Guided by this premise, the public authorities have consistently sought to increase the social mix in these neighborhoods by diversifying the housing stock and population.Despite the sums involved, the results of the urban policy are mixed and difficult to assess. Could it be that improving the situation in these neighborhoods by increasing their social mix is a dead end? Is it possible to improve the lot of residents in neighborhoods where poverty is concentrated more effectively through a policy of increasing individual mobility? This question forms the core of this thesis, which is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is a methodological discussion dealing mainly with the objective that such a policy should pursue. We show that a mobility policy, if it results in improved accessibility to jobs, can be a convincing alternative policy. But we also show that the link between good job accessibility and low unemployment is not self-evident.The second chapter is devoted to the development of a complex urban model to understand the effects of a change in transport supply on the organization of a city in a context of job dispersion and lack of full employment among low-skilled workers. We propose original mechanisms for the distance to jobs and the location of unemployment, enabling us to obtain a city organization close to that observed empirically in a number of French conurbations. The main lesson is that good accessibility to jobs can be accompanied by an increase in the unemployment rate, as the neighborhood becomes attractive to job-seekers.The third and final chapter is an empirical and statistical analysis designed to compare the mechanisms used in the second chapter with real data from the Hauts-de-France and Île-de-France regions. We define and calculate two indicators of job accessibility, one of which represents the level of tension in the job market. We use these indicators, along with a set of control variables, to model the neighborhood unemployment rate using a simultaneous equation error term spatial dependence model (SUR-SEM). An increase in job accessibility will tend to raise the unemployment rate, as the neighborhood becomes more attractive to the unemployed. But if this accessibility translates into a lower level of tension in the job market, it will, on the contrary, translate into a lower unemployment rate.It turns out that the composition of the housing stock has a far greater impact on a neighborhood's unemployment level than its level of accessibility to jobs. But there's no reason to believe that this drop in unemployment is valid for the city as a whole. Poverty is diluted, so to speak. A reduction in the level of tension on the job market by improving people's mobility, on the other hand, will lead to a fall in the unemployment rate at both neighborhood and city level
Poisson, Adrien. "L'aménagement cyclable comme levier de la pratique du vélo. : Le cas de la métropole montpelliéraine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MON30015.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines the effects of cycling infrastructure on cycling practices in Montpellier. It is part of a broader study on urban mobility, specifically focusing on the role of cycling infrastructure in promoting the use of bicycles as a mode of transport. Cycling practices depend on numerous factors, including not only individual characteristics of cyclists but also the social and political dynamics shaping the environment. Starting from the premise that the presence of cycling infrastructure can either encourage or discourage bicycle use, and recognizing the diversity within such infrastructures, we aim to address a research gap. While infrastructure is often studied as a whole, the differentiated influence of specific types of infrastructure remains relatively underexplored. By combining three complementary approaches, this thesis offers a detailed analysis of cyclists' practices based on their profiles and examines the contrasting effects of various types of infrastructure on their behavior
Pouyanne, Guillaume. "Forme Urbaine et Mobilité Quotidienne". Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00071608.
Texto completo da fonteRossignoli, Sabina. "Diasporic identification and gender construction in the Caribbean nightlife of Paris". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H021.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis explores the forms of identification adopted by French Caribbean clubbers in the Parisian region in relation to the issues of gender and diaspora. My hypothesis is that clubbing is a cultural space that fosters diasporic identities and transnational socialities. Methodologically the thesis is the result of fourteen months of participant observation in Paris and one in Martinique. First I have investigated the human geographies of Antillean clubs in the banlieues of Paris by analyzing in detail the residential patterns and sense of class belonging of my informants. Next I have inscribed the night-time leisure practices in the migration patterns of these informants. I argue that the transnational character of Caribbean nightlife is a testimony to relevant diasporic constructions that have not previously been explored. However my thesis underlines how these constructions were not unproblematic for female participants. The second part of the thesis focuses on the specific transnational and diasporic character of zouk, a French Caribbean music genre. I conclude having investigated issues of gender inequality in clubs and the strategies women employ in order to participate in the dancehall scene
Léostic, Fanny. "Rénovation urbaine, mobilités résidentielles et changement social : études comparées". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100192/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn 2003, a landmark enactment was passed in France to fight urban blight. Since then, the French government is engaged in a policy of major urban renewal that targets run-down neighborhoods in central or peripheral urban areas. Local projects consist in refurbishing existing buildings or in tearing down and rebuilding old ones, as a way to promote spatial and social changes. Those programs induce different types of residential mobility, from mandatory mobility implemented by local players, to mobility that is more spontaneous. This thesis addresses the impact of those projects upon the evolution of the targeted areas, studied on a middle-term basis. Do the spatial and social dynamics of those areas radically change? What are the social consequences of the transformations of the built environment and of residential mobility? Our approach is inductive, and pragmatic. The comparison of four projects, statistically studied, allows us to test the hypothesis of an impact of place on urban renewal. As the result of our analysis, structural facts, such as housing stock, or social and geographical contexts, appear to be determining factors of the evolution of the studied areas. Residential mobility tends to re-concentrate disadvantaged people, thus increasing spatial fragmentation – which does not match the initial goals of the 2003 law
Pele, Nicolas. "Dépense des ménages pour leur mobilité quotidienne : une approche par les formes urbaines". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2022/document.
Texto completo da fonteDaily mobility is at the heart of debate on urban sustainability. A mean to carry out our daily activities and a key to social interactions, economic aspects and especially household expenditures linked to mobility are a major current issue.This thesis proposes a discussion on the interactions between urban form and daily mobility through mobility expenditures. Two interrelated methods of analysis are used to investigate these interactions.The first one relies on a comprehensive understanding of the effects of the built environment on daily mobility budgets. Household surveys are especially suited to this analysis because they provide a wealth of information on individuals’ attributes, their mobility, equipment, opinions and housing characteristics. Combined with various local or national databases, it is possible to estimate a household budget for every surveyed household. The case study for this analysis is the Lyon urban area. It contains very different built environments, and hosts a diverse array of transport modes. Furthermore, numerous databases are available for our analysis.First, we build a typology of territories based on the main daily mobility determinants: density, diversity, design, accessibility to destinations, distance to transit and demography. Then, an analytical framework of relations between urban form and daily mobility is built to identify three indicators to apprehend them: motorization, modal choice and distance per mode. This typology of territories is tested on these three indicators and appears to be highly significant. An analysis of the mobility evolution between 1995 and 2015 also identify various new issues related to prices, behavioral and demographic evolutionsThis line of questioning is extended through the identification and quantification of the effects of built environment characteristics on household mobility budgets. Using a Structural Equation Modelling method, causal paths between local urban form and household expenditures are presented. This method is applied to different types of population and territories – workers and retired households of the Lyon agglomeration then on the same types in suburban areas – in order to understand householdmobility budgets.The second method consists of testing various morphological and functional organizations of the territory in order to measure their effects on daily mobility budgets. This work is conducted using a land use and interaction model (LUTI), SIMBAD, which allows us to conduct a systemic and multiscale analysis of urban form on daily mobility budgets. Different scenarios of urban form are thereafter simulated, contributing to the debate on the durability of monocentric, sprawled or polycentric citiesin a Transit Oriented Development urban form. Besides, lessons learned from data processing of Households Surveys encourage us to conduct a multiscale analysis. A discussion on the differentiation of impacts depending on the global form of the territory is conducted.This thesis work presents innovative methodological elements to analyze the interactions between urban form and mobility budgets, including the construction of structural equations models and the use of a LUTI model to simulate urban environments. It also offers novel results, which contribute to the current scientific literature
Fere, Cecile. "Concilier accès à la mobilité et mobilité durable : la prise en compte des inégalités d’accès à la mobilité dans les politiques urbaines de l’agglomération lyonnaise". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20075.
Texto completo da fonteUrban policies have to conciliate the paradoxical stakes that are access to mobility for everyone on one hand and personal car use reduction on the other hand. Considering the pluralisation of urban policies, this issue is not only a matter of coherence but also of coordination that subsumes the coordination of land-use planning and transport.This study examines how urban policies conciliate access to mobility and sustainable mobility. It analyzes how urban policies take into account access to mobility inequalities in the Greater Lyon. Innovative mobility services (access to work initiatives and Inter-Companies Commuter Plans) are compared with transport policies.The unprecedented focus on social issues results of the shift from a right to transport to a targeted right to transport and the joint emergence of rights to mobility. But, since they are competing when political and financial choices are arbitrated, conciliating these potentially contradictory issues is difficult at the local urban scale. Social issues are taken into account with delay or limited or forgotten with the Greater Lyon’ strategies being concentrated on economic competitiveness and sustainable development exemplarity
Tonnelat, Stéphane. "Interstices urbains Paris - New York : entre contrôles et mobilités, quatre espaces résiduels de l'aménagement". Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002133370204611&vid=upec.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Feon Samuel. "Evaluation environnementale des besoins de mobilité des grandes aires urbaines en France - Approche par Analyse de Cycle de Vie". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0729/document.
Texto completo da fonteTransportation of goods and people is known as a key environmental impact contributor in a city. However, traditional impact assessment methodologies don’t consider environmental issues all over the life cycle. The cause of a trip is also rarely taken into account in an environmental assessment. This thesis aims at proposing a new impact assessment methodology that considers the influence of indirect emissions (using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology) and causes of trips on the environmental footprint. Two main hypotheses are settled at the beginning: the environmental impacts of mobility do not only occur during the use phase (the trip by itself) but all over its life cycle. Also the trip purposes may change the choice of way to travel and consequently affect environmental impacts. The global Functional Unit (FU) is “transport people and good in a French urban area during a year” and is divided in intermediate FU referring to each trip purposes, such as “allow commuter trips in a French urban area during a year”. The methodology was developed, tested and validated through a real case: the agglomeration of Saint-Etienne (France). During this phase, mobility territorial actors were met and real data provided that allows facing methodology to possible field limitations. This application case shows first results. First, it confirms importance to consider impacts all over the life cycle (17% of GHG emissions occur out of the use phase). Second, it shows significant differences of emissions by person.kilometer between trip purposes categories. Then a typology of urban area was proposed based on literature about travel determinants. Principal Component Analysis used on French big urban areas (more than 250 000 inhabitants) identified 5 classes. The methodology was applied to three of them (Bordeaux, Toulon and Valenciennes) using data from a standardized survey on households and mobility in order to compare them. It shows disparities on global results partly due to total annual travel distances. The trip purposes differentiation also shows important differences between urban areas. For each cause trip category and emission reduction potentials were calculated for each urban area by extrapolating differences for a pkm to the total annual distance for the trip. This can provide helpful information to deciders. Finally, the need to provide a multicriteria evaluation that is provided by LCA was committed. However methodological improvement would be necessary to better reflect local and regional impacts in LCA
Brès, Antoine. "Inscription territoriale des mobilités et riveraineté des voies : faire halte aujourd'hui". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010623.
Texto completo da fonteVervaeke, Monique. "Le fonctionnement du marché du logement et le peuplement résidentiel". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070125.
Texto completo da fonteDerrien, Anne. "Les modes d'intervention de la mobilité dans la production d'un modèle urbain : rôle et place de la controverse autour du métro rennais". Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20021.
Texto completo da fonteToday's legislature advocates linking up transportation and urban planning in order to solve the phenomena of congestion and explosion of cities resulting from the development of mobility and its techniques. The goal is to reinforce the European urban pattern and to avoid a "natural" evolution towards the American urban pattern, synonymous of crisis and even the death of a city. One may doubt the efficiency of uniform and traditional European and American models, and also wonder about the relevance of the physical criteria put forward to appreciate the state of crisis of the city and of the sole technical reflections of the solutions considered. Therefore, instead of focusing only on the functional modes of linking up transportation and urban planning, we attempt to answer the following question: to which extent and how does mobility play a role in the production of an urban model? To do so, we analyze how this link operates between organization of the city and organization of mobility both in terms of concepts of town councilors and technicians, and in terms of practices and representations of its inhabitants. The result should tell us, in fine, about the state of crisis of the city, in other words, about the ability of a society to produce its own space. To help grasp this idea of connection during which town councilors, technicians and inhabitants have to justify their positions and practices, we use the pattern of the Economies de la Grandeur (Economics of Magnitude) developed by Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot. Debates brought about by the construction of Rennes first subway line (VAL) and the possibility of a second line; in a context of high land lobbying, constitute the object of our survey
Jambon, Yannick. "Les faubourgs des villes modernes en France (XVIe-début du XIXe siècle) : étude historique et géographique". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20101.
Texto completo da fonteModern towns are generally pictured like a group of inhabitants enjoying common privileges and living behind fortifications. This simple definition sounds limited and restrictive. Indeed, at that time the urban territory was not limited to the symbolical limits represented by the fortifications. Morphologically, fiscally as well as economically, the suburbs were the natural extensions of the city beyond the original territory initially defined by the the plans of the walls. This doctoral thesis indeed highlights the study of these spaces which have been ignored in the historiography and thereby redefines the notion of the modern city in France
Akiri, Preston E. G. "Modélisation de la mobilité résidentielle : l'exemple du Havre". Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL078.
Texto completo da fonteThis work concerns the study and the modelling of residential mobility through the application of an input-output model (markov chains) on the le havre housing market. It provides an evaluation of housing needs (demande) by giving the average number of moves that are made as a result of each dwelling that become available in the housing market. The model presented is thus seen as a tool that could help for decision-making (prevision, testing of hypotheses on demande and supply. And for the simulation of housing opportunities in the market)
Gardrat, Mathieu. "Impensée mais structurante, refoulée mais exhibée : la mobilité urbaine des marchandises". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2078/document.
Texto completo da fonteStill widely unexplored thirty years ago, urban freight transport is now undergoing an indisputable scientific development under the tutelage of national and international institutions. This subject now emerges as a substantial issue since consumers’ behaviours and supply chain management evolutions strongly impact cities’ sustainability. However, it seems that urban planners hardly take this new topic into account on a local level. Although it is an essential function of the urban system, freight transport remains widely unregarded by public decision makers, when it is not considered as a negative consequence of urban activity.This thesis focuses on the integration of a subject envisioned as poorly structuring for urban planners, studied here at the local authorities’ level. In the 1990s the necessity emerged for urban freight transport to be conceptualised in a way that differed from interurban freight transport. We now also consider that this subject needs to be specifically adapted to suit urban planners’ issues and we discuss the conceptual bases necessary to shift from a technical and statistical approach of transport to a view of urban freight mobility encompassing the dynamics of the “urban freight” system. Relying on the examples of nine French conurbations, we then confront urban planning policies to the specificities of urban freight mobility and describe the resulting conflicts and inconsistencies. We then develop the case of Lyons to illustrate the complex territorial dynamics and interactions underlying urban freight mobility and provide an analysis of how the actors’ awareness of this topic has evolved and to what extent it can be raised. Finally, in order to study the effects the (in)actions of city planners on urban environment we detail the process of integration of freight mobility through two urban development operations in Lyons, the “Lyon Confluence” project and the Garibaldi street project.Despite the existence of measuring and action tools, we show that urban freight mobility is still an illegitimate subject, at odds with mainstream urban planning. In this context, freight specialists in local authorities are largely kept away from the planning process, but are exposed and used as an alibi to demonstrate the capacity of public authorities to work on a complex subject
Fusco, Giovanni. "Un modèle systémique d'indicateurs pour la durabilité de la mobilité urbaine : les cas de Nice et Gênes dans une comparaison internationale". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2021.
Texto completo da fonteThe focus of this research is sustainable daily mobility in contemporary cities, with particular emphasis on two case studies: Nice and Genoa. The case studies are comparatively analysed with 73 world cities using quantitative indicators organised in a systemic framework. The analysis is structured in three phases: the application of multivariate statistics, modelling through Bayesian Networks, and finally the evaluation of the two case studies. It uses two scales of observation: cities as a whole, and the intra-urban level. The results confirm the existence of strong systemic links between urban structure, transportation and environmental variables. They identify non-sustainable dynamics within modern cities and the specificities of the two case studies, for which strategic recommendations are suggested
Le, Féon Samuel. "Evaluation environnementale des besoins de mobilité des grandes aires urbaines en France - Approche par Analyse de Cycle de Vie". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980187.
Texto completo da fonteKorsu, Emre. "Mécanismes et implications des disparités socio-spatiales et de la ségrégation urbaine : le cas de la région parisienne". Institut d'urbanisme de Paris (Créteil, Val-de-Marne), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120052.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is a contribution to the analysis of processes that foster socio-spatial disparities within urban agg and of the social implications of these disparities. It purchases the double goal of evaluating the contributions of spatial and non-spatial factors to the dynamic of socio-spatial disparities and of testing the hypothesis of negative extemal effects due to the spatial concentration of poor populations. Conceming the first objective, a number of studies has been developed in order to evaluate the role of three factors in te widening of the social gap between communes of the Ile-de-France region during te 1980s : residential mobility, family structure of households and economic inequalities. Concerning the second objective, a statistical analyse was conceived in order to determine whether ceteris paribus, youth encountered a higher risk of dropping out of school without any certificate when living in the poor areas of the Parisian agglomeration
Minster, Clotilde. "L'exception des espaces ruraux français questionnée : des formes de mobilités singulières ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010597.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis has been prepared in view of the increasing share of the population living in low-density areas, and the related increase in commuting distances (Hubert 2009). The result of the interplay between these factors may well be interpreted as an unsustainable development path, especially due to the supposedly increased level of mobility (DATAR 2003). To contribute to the discussion on these topics, this thesis examines the accessibility of various social services and other facilities, using data from the French facilities database. It then analyzes mobility patterns within the sample population using data of the French national travel survey. The analysis shows a weak influence of space characteristics on mobility behaviours. Following a discussion of possible explanations for the findings, the thesis offers potential directions for public policy to address these issues
Mathieu-Huber, Dominique. "La mobilité des périurbains lointains d'Ile-de-France : usage des réseaux et sécurité des déplacements". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010684.
Texto completo da fonteSimon, Gwendal. "Pratiques touristiques dans la métropole parisienne : une analyse des mouvements intra-urbains". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601277.
Texto completo da fonteLetniowska-Swiat, Sylvie. "Mobilité de la population et recomposition de l'espace périurbain : le cas de la métropole lilloise". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50377-2002-31.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteFabre, Caroline. "Géographie du commerce et aménagement urbain dans les Alpes-Maritimes : acteurs et stratégies pour le schéma de développement commercial". Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST3024.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this research was to analyze the taking into account of the commercial equipment in the urban development of the particular territory of the Alpes-Maritimes through the elaboration of a departmental document of planning which, imposed at the national level, puts in play local strategies. For a long time, trade remained marginal in urban policies, leaving it under the sole influence of the economic market. However, it is one of the founding elements of the city. French trade urban planning, appearing with Law ROYER of December 27, 1973, posed a national framework in regard to authorization of commercial establishment and planning in response to a national issue of divergence between “small” businesses of downtown areas and “large” businesses of peripheries. In a national context of devolution for the benefit of the local authorities and of urban planning put back on the agenda with law SRU, the Decree n°2002-1369 of November 20, 2002 and the Circular of February 3, 2003 established the methods of development of the trade development plan (SDC) envisaged by Law ROYER. With the publication of these texts of application, the State obliged all the ODEC of France to carry out such a document on a departmental scale. Thus, the Alpes-Maritimes were brought to reflect on this particular urban function hitherto untreated on this scale. A department bordering the Mediterranean and located in the south-west of Europe and the extreme south-east of France, it is next to Ligurie, the bordering Italian province. With more than one million inhabitants, the Alpes-Maritimes surrounds the Principality of Monaco and includes the urban space of Nice of which the influence of its services extends well beyond its perimeter. The natural elements dictated and guided its human establishment which forms a conurbation bordering the Mediterranean. Its specific socio-demographic characteristics and its internationally recognized tourist attraction affect the local commercial equipment. Its mission of development was thus entrusted to the very new structure of coherence of the time as regards regional planning, the Agency of town planning. Helped very narrowly by the CCINCA on the technical aspects, it impelled a partnership dynamics and of dialogue without precedent at the time of the step of elaboration of the document. How this document of planning dedicated to the trade was carried out ? How did it approach the presentation of the commercial reinforcement ? Which positionings had the various actors? Which impact had then on the department ? Lastly, how can it fall under the recent evolution of the national legislative framework ? This analysis is carried out from an original point of view twinning the assets of the application of geographical competences within the professional life and of university geographical research. Different the point-keys from the diagnosis are approached and supplemented in particular by a qualitative approach of space. Thus, the SDC made it possible to highlight the various strategies of commercial development which take shape within the department as well as the positioning of the various implied organizations. Three main consensual trends that are “the trade like economic and tourist development tool”, “a coherent commercial installation on the territory” and “a necessary installation of tools of coherence, follow-up and anticipation” finally emerged. After examination of the diagram draft by the ODEC on July 11, 2005, the Decision n°2005-517 of September 23 of the same year adopted the document over the period 2005-2011. This research thus contributes to the knowledge of an original territory that are the Alpes-Maritimes through a legislative framework imposed at the national level. It takes part by the means of the trade in the definition of individualities and their weight in the regional planning. The integration of commercial trade urban planning in the commun urban planning is moving with the adoption of the Law of Modernization of Economy (LME), raises many questions and opens new prospects for scientific research. It materializes by the insertion of the commercial theme in the SCOT and the PLU. On the other hand, the LME does not make mention with a departmental SDC and repealed the paragraph of the Commercial law which integrates it in the missions of the ODEC. Taking into consideration these legal evolution, it is extremely probable that the SDC will not be reactualized. With the appearance of the SDC, commercial planning in geography was followed and analyzed in a fine way by A. METTON since these last tens of years. Other geographers also invested themselves on these questions. Present research relating to the application of a national legislation at the particular case of the territory of the Alpes-Maritimes thus fits quite naturally in this current of study
Garreton, Matias. "Inégalités de mobilité dans le Grand Santiago et la région Ile-de-France : politiques de logement, des transports et gouvernance métropolitaine". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1178/document.
Texto completo da fonteOur era is characterized by unprecedented global challenges that require a critical review and a reformulation of the principles of social and economic organization, particularly in the field of urban planning. The concentration of population in major conurbations, their growing segregation and their ecological footprint, stress the importance of adapting metropolitan institutions. Within this large field of research, this thesis focuses on the problem of inequalities of residential location and daily travel, and on the limits of public action to address these challenges. Thus, we develop the hypothesis that the accumulation of residential and travel handicaps constitute a form of social injustice that could be objectified by quantitative measures at a mesosocial level. The ethical corollary of this observation in terms of public action leads us to propose a complementary hypothesis. Indeed, mitigation of urban inequalities would require institutions having the capacity to coordinate various sectoral policies, with territorial coherence and in response to social demands. These two hypotheses are articulated in a dialectical argument that develops operative concepts and methodologies for the study of the right to the city, which we conceive as a synthesis of socio-economic and political empowerment. In particular, urban mobility is defined in this work as the interweaving practices of residential location and daily travel at the household level. This set of capabilities is necessary for the blooming of citizens, but the unjust connotation of differences measured by this kind statistics is difficult to demonstrate. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is the development and application of a methodology for quantitative analysis at the metropolitan level, capable to assert if there is or not an unfair limitation of urban mobility for a certain social group. With this purpose, we analyze four complementary indicators, each measuring a different dimension of space-time tradeoffs at household level. This are: the daily use of time, travel and housing efforts, accessibility to jobs and other destinations, and utility of urban mobility. In sum, simultaneous disadvantages among these measures would suggest that some social groups are deprived of adjustment mechanisms that would allow them to benefit from urban resources, what we qualify as being unfair. In particular, we show that the effect of social policies in Ile-de-France seems to be antagonized by the extension of its urban area, attaining levels of socio-spatial inequalities close to those observed in Greater Santiago, where redistributive mechanisms are extremely weak. This convergence emphasizes the importance of analyzing the limits of metropolitan governance systems to resolve such inequities. This issue is addressed by the observation of two recent public controversies, the implementation of Transantiago and the debates around the Grand Paris, and by the study of the evolution of planning instruments. This institutional analysis is based on a synthesis of the rules and resources of public action, and on interviews with experts and authorities. In both study cases and by different mechanisms, there would be failures of representation for vulnerable groups in the arenas of metropolitan governance, thus contributing to the widening socio-spatial inequalities. Finally, guaranteeing the right to the city in the Greater Santiago and the Ile -de- France would require complementary technical and policy innovations. These could be implemented in a mesosocial level, aiming for the improvement of urban mobility and political representation of vulnerable households, according to the specificities of each sub-metropolitan territory
Delebarre, Agathe. "Mobilités périurbaines, diversification modale et nouvelle dynamique institutionnelle : quelles mutations dans la gouvernance et l’offre de mobilité pour plus d’équité dans les territoires périurbains des villes moyennes des Régions Bretagne et Hauts-de-France ?" Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0564.
Texto completo da fonteThe peri-urban space of medium-sized towns is marked by self-car-mobility, with a limited mobility option offer, and is a source of inequity for non-motorized or poorly-motorized people in a context of increased concentration of the role of urban centers. This sparsely populated area was still largely fragmented about metropolitan government structure, with a strong segmentation of jurisdictions. The NOTRe and MAPTAM laws have brought significant changes since January 2017, leading to a rise in the mobility jurisdictions of new conurbation communities and a strengthening of the Region's government as a leader in regional mobility. It is therefore questionable whether, in a peri-urban city of medium-sized towns, produced and dominated by car-mobility and self-car-mobility, whether these recent reforms are driving force behind a renewal and diversification of the mobility offer in these diffuse and low-density territories, allowing for better territorial equity?
Jemelin, Christophe. "Qualité de service des transports publics et mobilité urbaine : pratiques et représentations : analyse comparative franco-suisse /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2905.
Texto completo da fonteLévêque, Laurent. "Mobilité résidentielle et logement social au Havre". Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUE0000.
Texto completo da fonteZoubir, Ayman. "Management de la Mobilité et pistes pour la pérennisation de la mobilité durable : quelles voies possibles de régulation ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876262.
Texto completo da fonteHabouzit, Rémi. "La copropriété dégradée, le relogement et après ? Professionnels et habitants dans une opération rénovation urbaine". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV034/document.
Texto completo da fonteSince 2003, more than 400 popular districts categorized as sensitive urban zones and 4 million inhabitants have become part of a program initiated by the Framework Act on Town Planning and Urban Renewal (so-called “Borloo law”). In order to achieve district transformation and social diversity, the program has led to demolition/rebuilding operations, the refurbishment of existing dwellings and the redefinition of public urban areas (street network and green spaces, etc.)The municipalities of Clichy-Sous-Bois and Montfermeil in the Seine-Saint-Denis region were part of this program. Whilst being the largest program in France (in terms of allocated budget and demolished dwellings), it also had the singularity to involve the destruction of dilapidated privately-owned buildings such as Les Bosquets in Montfermeil and La Forestière in Clichy-sous-Bois. All the new buildings reconstructed there are under social housing management.All re-housed inhabitants consequently moved from the status of owner-occupiers or private housing tenants to that of social housing tenants. In addition to their change in status, this situation implies regular interactions between these ‘displaced’people and the professionals (of the city, of nonprofit organizations, social landlords who operate in the area, in these buildings within the frame of pre- and post-rehousing accompaniment.Based on an analysis supported by interviews, observations and archives, this thesis aims at understanding the genesis of this policy as much as the effects of the will for district transformation through generalizing social housing, on professional practices and the trajectories of the re-housed inhabitants. To this end, archives and interviews help understanding that the degradation of the former co-ownership properties was attributable primarily to their conditions of marketing, construction and management. Yet, all the measures of public action, up to the signature of the urban renewal program, systematically present the inhabitants and their features (popular classes or migrants) as solely responsible for this deterioration.The ethnography of professional practices then shows how in the new homes the professionals use the interactions with the inhabitants to regulate the way they live there. This work is done with a view to avoiding new damage to the buildings.Eventually the interviews with the inhabitants (made before and after re-housing) illustrate how re-housing and the interactions with professionals destabilize them within their individual anchorages and shake the sense of hierarchies within this social group. While former owners made up the upper class in their previous housing, they now feel the most downgraded. Conversely, tenants who were the most dominated are today the most rehabilitated.Beyond empirical results, this analytical approach rates the issues of the thesis on sevral scales. First, this work illustrates how, in a constructivist perspective, these co-ownership properties and their inhabitants have been built as a problem and a category of public action. Then, starting from the practices of professionals, this thesis discloses how within the frame of urban policy, some forms of regulation and domination over certain targeted publics (here working classes and migrants) are still exerted. Finally this thesis is consistent with a sociology of popular classes who are attentive to their internal differences as much as to the various ways a measure of public action can be perceived
Passalacqua, Arnaud. "L'autobus et Paris : souplesse, espace public et mobilité de 1900 aux années 1970". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070041.
Texto completo da fonteBirthplace of cars, Paris is identified with its metro today, and the city seems to keep a secondary part for its bus network. XIXth century Parisians could not share that feeling because the Madeleine-Bastille omnibus, running along and merging with the famous boulevard, made a strong impression on them. The bus would have been the victim of standardization of the urban mobility, and its logic, more traditional than industrial, would not have been ,able to adapt to changes. And yet, the bus did not join the other modes of transport that have disappeared, from tramways to passenger ships on the river Seine. This thesis intends to clear up this problem through an analysis of the development of this technical object, i. E. The bus, in the Paris area, organized around three problematic axes. Firstly, the notion of flexibility, as it appears in speeches and facts, characterizes the behaviour of the bus network. But it can show various aspects and lead to misunderstandings. Secondly, the notion of public space allows the analysis of the interplay between means of transport, that is to say alliances, oppositions and compromises, which decisively affects this history. Lastly, the concept of urban mobility leads us to think of what could be another history of transport, dealing with travelers and social images as well as more classical factors such as traffic and rolling stock. This work is also based on London, taken as a counterpoint. It allows to determine not only the local context but also the influence both European capitals have exerted on each other as far as public transport is concerned
Debizet, Gilles. "Déplacements urbains de personnes : de la planification des transports à la gestion durable de la mobilité : mutations d'une expertise". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006468.
Texto completo da fonteTapia, Villarreal Irving. "Urban form, demography and daily mobility forecasts : comparative analysis France-Mexico". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010040/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the context of the Kyoto Protocol, France has set Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction targets of 75% below 1990 levels by 2050. More recently, Mexico has set the objective to achieve a 50% reduction by 2050 with respect to the base year 2000. Since the transport sector in urban areas with approximately 1 million inhabitants accounts for most CO2 emissions and will continue to increase its share, we wanted to determine to what extent the experiences observed in cities from developed countries (peak travel, dissemination of new vehicle technologies) may be repeated in urban areas from developing nations. For this purpose, we focus on case studies in France (Paris and Lille) and Mexico (Juarez and Puebla). The first objective of this thesis was to identify the determinants of mobility on each urban region. The second objective was to apply the age-cohort model for the development of long-term travel demand forecasts in order to take into account changes in the population structure (ageing) and in travel behaviour. The last objective was to develop GHG emissions assessments from observed travel demand. The decline in mobility and the dissemination of new vehicle technologies in France led to a reduction in GHG emissions. However, these changes are not sufficient to achieve the GHG reduction targets. The case studies in Mexico show the inability to reverse the trend towards the increase of GHG emissions; therefore the reduction targets will be hardly achieved. The case of Mexico give us an overview of trends in emerging countries, which are very far from achieving sustainable development and will face a major challenge in the coming decades
Dupuy, Le Bourdellès Mikaël. "« Revitaliser » les centres des villes moyennes : action publique et (im)mobilités résidentielles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PESC0002.
Texto completo da fonteSince the mid-2010s, many medium-sized French towns have been developing projects to revitalise their town centres - particularly at the instigation of the national government, through the Action cœur de ville programme or the New National Urban Renewal Programme (NPNRU). In these areas, private property and the private rental sector predominate. At the same time, medium-sized towns have fewer human and financial resources, tools and operators for development and property production than towns with larger populations. Despite these difficulties, local governments in medium-sized towns are seeking to implement social mix policies in town centres. To understand this paradox, I implemented a research protocol that combined statistical analysis with qualitative data. I collected qualitative data through a documentary analysis, a series of interviews with public stakeholders and participant observation conducted as part of a consulting cooperative.The results of a sample of nine medium-sized towns show that old town centres are particularly unique in terms of their social and demographic structure. Because of the specialisation of the residential stock in small private rental flats, this type of neighbourhoods is essential to the fluidity of residential course in medium-sized towns as they are adequate for people experiencing one or more biographical disruptions: moving out of the parental home, marital separation or widowhood, inter-regional or international migration, job insecurity, and so on. At the same time, these characteristics mean that, overall, they are areas with a large and growing socio-professional mix - despite the heterogeneity of medium-sized towns and their town centres.However public authorities are keen to implement policies to promote social diversity in town centres, through urban revitalisation projects. The qualitative study conducted in three sites (Colmar, Romans-sur-Isère, and Tulle) shows that this is due to the establishment of a cause-and-effect relationship between the decline of town centres and the representation of an "unbalanced" population. In addition, the adoption of social mix as a norm for public action and the framing provided by national policies strengthen the attachment of local players to the idea of diversifying the population.To attract their target, which are middle-class couples with children into owner-occupation - identified as an urban revitalisation lever - the public actors are developing projects that aim to close the gap in terms of housing between town centres and suburban areas. Doing so, revitalisation projects reflect the internalisation of a commercial framework for housing policies by public players. They also contribute to closer relationships between local government and private players in their implementation.However, the efforts of local stakeholders to diversify the housing stock are hindered by the small number of housing production operators - mainly social landlords - and by the social conditions of the French national urban renewal scheme, dating back from the 1970's. As a result, the property developments supported by the public sector are not helping to diversify the housing stock nor the population of town centres. However, they do help to erase the traces of urban decline, in the hope of a 'return' of households and private investors by the local authorities
Clech, Pauline. "Engagement et mobilité sociale par la culture : étude de trois configurations politiques et artistiques en banlieue rouge (1960-2014)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0033/document.
Texto completo da fonteMy thesis focuses on the comparative study of three artistic configurations located in spaces historically run by communist elected representatives (Saint-Denis, Nanterre, General Council of Seine-Saint-Denis). In these configurations, I uncover the social and historical logics leading to the recognition of certain art forms (mainly theater, municipal festivals, circus, street arts, hip hop, music). My approach is based on a dispositional and relational analysis of individuals involved in these processes of artistic legitimization (or delegitimization). The study of these processes is conducted by analyzing individuals’ schemes of perception of the social world and the contexts in which these schemes are used. This analysis identified the existence of politicized individuals committed in the worlds of art or in the political field in order to subvert the dominant social relations. In addition to analyzing the impact of these commitments on the artistic landscape, my thesis focuses on the study of their biographical, territorial and political consequences. Social position, commitment and local institutions are dialectically linked. Through their commitment, these individuals reach the middle class and constitute a very specific stratum thereof: politicized, indigenous and possessing cultural capital that is not certified by diplomas. The existence of this social stratum, in the studied areas, has implications for the local social structure. I mainly studied two dimensions of these implications, namely Indigeneity and the definition of a postcolonial national narrative
Mougenot, Benoît. "Une évaluation des services d'éco-mobilité à l'échelle du territoire". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV084/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis calls for a better understanding of the challenges surrounding thedevelopment of innovative integrated transport projects in the territories, oftencharacterized by eco-mobility. By implementing new behaviors for users, but also bycreating new relationships between actors, both users, companies, and local authorities, these projects call for a rethinking of the logics of performance and evaluation in a broader perspective. The traditional tools used in the economic field do not seem to grasp sufficiently the complexity inherent in these programs, so it is appropriate to develop new perspectives more oriented in a multidisciplinary approach.For this, we will support our reflection by crossing two programs located in the Yvelines area. Indeed, this territory seems to be the breeding ground for many initiatives in recent years. The results obtained from a fieldwork meeting with a wide range of stakeholders will help to improve the knowledge base of these emerging programs and to draw lessons for future projects
Agbossou, Igor. "Modélisation et simulation multi-agents de la dynamique urbaine : application à la mobilité résidentielle". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924741.
Texto completo da fonteRainhorn, Judith. "Des rives, des continents : les migrants italiens à La Villette(Paris) et à East Harlem (New-York) de 1880 aux années 1930 : intégration, mobilités et territoires urbains". Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2043.
Texto completo da fonteSalvia, Gabriele. "La république de l'autoroute : héritages et devenirs des raccords autoroutiers et des territoires périurbains traversés : le cas de la métropole Aix-Marseille-Provence". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0574.
Texto completo da fontePlanned by the State to connect towns scattered in a predominantly rural territory, "the highways of the republic" now cross heterogeneous urban fabrics: aggregates of residences, residential subdivisions, agricultural lands, and productive and commercial areas. Nowadays, we can see the emergence of a real "republic of highways", a territory based on a regulatory status and on forms of governance that establish the autonomy of the motorway in relation to the environments crossed, as well as determining their forms and uses. In this context, how does the highway shape the landscape, the habitat and the development of these territories? To answer this question, this thesis proposes to explore two axes of research. Firstly, through a survey in the Aix-Marseille-Provence metropolis - also known as "the highway’s metropolis" (OCDE, 2012) - it aims to understand the relationships between peri-urban areas and infrastructure in terms of forms, uses and governance. Secondly, it aims to understand the legacy and transformation processes underway of the motorway-territory interface through historical and perspective research, mobilizing both projects and representations of the territory. The highway thus emerges as a powerful revealer of the paradoxes, conflicts and socio-spatial injustices that characterize suburban areas
Roussel, Julie. "Le confort de la marche dans l'espace public parisien : représentations, pratiques, enjeux". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1188/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis questions the walk in urban context, its practice, performances, walking behaviours and strategies used by walkers when walking, in more or less comfortable situations / uncomfortable, but also how urban policies apprehend this object.This research interests in the daily practice of walk in a dense urban context, usefulness, trivial walking and sometimes denied because automated.This research captures the pedestrian urban mobility by presenting the results of two main areas, namely:- The "In situ" to understand the "how" of walking in cities, in other words the walkers behaviours depending on more or less comfortable situations- The "Ex situ" to identify the "why" of walking and what walkers say about this object. It was about to study the representations of pedestrian urban mobilities.Is the environment (social, temporal and physical) determining the walker behaviour? In which measure(s) the evaluation of the comfort level of a driving situation is involved in the establishment of pedestrian movement strategies?Are the walking social representations involved in choosing to walk in cities?We will also see in which measures walking and pedestrian users have become issues for urban public policies and particularly in the Parisian context (City of Paris). The aim will be to put into perspective this research, in regards with the political context in which it is registered
Aboulkacem, El Mehdi. "Infrastructures de transport urbain et frictions du marché du travail". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12021/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe explore in this thesis some aspects of the role played by the urban transport infrastructures in reducing the labor market frictions caused by the spatial separation between the places of residence and the job opportunities locations. To do so, this thesis is written in three chapters.In the first, we build a series of spatial matching functions linking jobless workers to vacant positions. These functions depend on the transport infrastructures parameters and are not conditional on the structure of the city in which the matching process occurs. In the second chapter we present an innovative public policy evaluation instrument used for measuring the impact of the Paris region transport infrastructures performances on the local unemployment rates and for predicting the impact of the Grand Paris Express on these rates. This instrument can be used in other contexts and for other regions. Last but not least, the third chapter analyses the determinants of the home-workplace distance of two-worker households' workers living in Paris region. The objective is to provide some clues to understand the transportation demand generated by the constant growth of the part of this kind of households and to anticipate it while designing the future planning policies
Bazaud, Colas. "Centralité et forme urbaine. La dimension morphologique de l’accès à la ville et ses potentialités dans la perspective d’une alternative à la mobilité automobile". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1001.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focus on the relation between the notion of centrality and urban form, both from a general point of view and for alternatives to automotive mobility in urban areas.Following a chronological order, a first part questions this relation from a theoretical angle by comparing selected works on the notions of center and centrality on the one hand, and on urban forms on the other. Leading to criteria for identifying centers, it also leads to consider centrality as referring to a gradual reality relating to urban space as a whole.Using these criteria and this definition, a second part provides morphological analysis of different spaces within the metropolitan areas of Washington, Paris and Shanghai. Highlighting a determining role of walking, these analysis allow a classification of identified centers according to how their morphological characteristics contribute to condition relations between urban amenities, both inside these places and in relation to their environment. But they also lead to the identification of a reticular expression of centrality, which is not inclined to be characterized by the only notion of center, and appears to be a potentially effective for alternatives to automotive mobility
Lee-Remond, Sora. "Essai d'anthropologie des transports en commun : Approche comparative des politiques, représentations et pratiques de bus en France et en Corée". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0011/document.
Texto completo da fonteMobility is a subject of complex research, which is inseparable from another complex subject: the city. Both subjects naturally request an interdisciplinary approach that has been engaged in this work. We wanted to study this subject with the city bus system of medium sized cities. The main challenge of this thesis was to understand the issue of the bus by examining the interactions between its uses and its images, between the organizers of transport policies and the users (in their practices or their perceptions of bus travel), which would reveal the consonance or dissonance in perceptions / practices that can appear between what the first imagined and how the second appropriates it.The mobility issue can also be brought up in different ways according to national and urban cultures. We compare our reference city (Belfort) and its neighbor city (Montbéliard) in Franche-Comte, with a far-away medium sized city (Changwon) in South Korea. These three cities share a common industrial identity and have a city bus as their only means of public transportation. The urban culture of France (horizontal structure) and that of Korea (vertical structure) have generated different urban transport systems and influenced the behavior of its use, and also the perceptions of the bus service
Truong, Fabien. "À l'école de la banlieue : la démocratisation des études supérieures et la marginalisation urbaine à l'épreuve des trajectoires individuelles". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0145.
Texto completo da fonteThis fieldwork is a extensive ethnographical survey ranging between 5 and 7 years, of 20 students from working class and immigrant backgrounds living in the northern suburbs of Paris. Set in a 3 act scenario, the Is' episode takes place in highschool during a 6 year period where I employ participant observation methods whilst teaching. The 2"d episode analyses the undergraduate years and the dispersion of 'my' former pupils within the Higher Education system, from local suburban universities to elite Parisian schools. The 3rd episode depicts the postgraduate years and the final entrance into the job market. The study as a whole analyses social structural constraints as well as oppositional relationships and processes through the lenses of individual cases, plurality of social scenes and temporality. Biographic trajectories and school careers enlighten the conditions under which social mobility is possible as well as the dispositional adjustments it requires. The new contradictions of 'school massification' appear. The Key to success lies in the ability to face territorial stigma, class ostracism, cultural illegitimacy, racism and islamophobia more than 'pure' academic skills. These social ordeals reinforce the fragmentation of an unequal system. The desire for outcast students to find an 'appropriate' curriculum participates in remapping the inner frontiers of legitimacy and commodification of the cultural capital. This shift goes against the sense of dignity and singularity that is acquired through school acculturation, displaying a tension inbetween reproduction and emancipation. This urges reconsideration of pedagogy as a rapport and of the performativity of knowledge
Cailly, Laurent. "Pratiques spatiales, identités sociales et processus d’individualisation : étude sur la constitution des identités spatiales individuelles au sein des classes moyennes salariées du secteur public hospitalier dans une ville intermédiaire : l’exemple de Tours". Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR1505.
Texto completo da fonteThis qualitative investigation deals with an examination of the ways of living in Greater Tours. It was carried out by scrutinizing the daily life of residents of the city center, the peri-center, the suburb and the peri-urban space of Tours. The study points out the complex relation between social and spatial elements of identity. In particular, this work examines the genesis and transformation of individual spatial identities and tries to understand the diversity of the following structuring factors: space, social environment, economy, culture and biography. To analyze these factors and their interactions, the study uses the concept of habitus with a specific stress on the plurality and the transformations of systems of internalized dispositions. This analysis of the spatial habitus (i. E. , the generators of urban practice and self representation) allowed to understand more thoroughly the social dispersion of the middle classes. It showed as well the tension between collective factors and the individualization process in specific ways of living
Gagnière, Vincent. "Tensions socio-économiques et territoriales sur la mobilité quotidienne en Île-de-France : éléments de réponse du système ferroviaire". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010614/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis research aims at identifying the prospective strains on car use in the Paris region, testing the response capacity of the rail system. Strain analysis is based on the data of prospective studies on car use, and territorial and societal determinants. A combination of these elements leads to an effective strain, between energy and environmental moderating factors, determinants partly in favor of car use, and flawed technological solutions. These strains can already be felt. Two approaches are used to analyze the potential alternatives to rail. The first one compares car and rail accessibility, today and by 2020. A typology of railway stations is then produced according to their services and distances from Paris. The question of the rail network capacity must also be raised. It is tackled at a comprehensive network scale, but also at the levels of trains and stations by comparing how supply and demand will change by 2030. The approach points out where and when railway networks may be potentially saturated. Both approaches lead to an assessment of territorial planning policies in the Paris region. They make it possible to question the role of stakeholders, especially in the rail market, within this system
Waroux, Thomas. "Représenter la vulnérabilité transfrontalière : un modèle pour la mobilité". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0044.
Texto completo da fonteFrom walking to driving, the evolution of territories can be exposed according to the succession of transport systems. This relationship is demonstrated by our method of systemic representation which is also represented and tested in a particular research context: cross-border territories. While cross-border cooperation and exchange projects are happen in metropolitan contexts, we are seeing a significant break in cross-border "between-the-border" territories. Are the border territories between the two more vulnerable than the "state" territories; because of their urban model and their transportation systems? The purpose of this thesis is to study the border processes operating in these two territories. The approach we used is resolutely far from classical studies. It is based on systemic theories and develops understanding and perception of transboundary urban phenomena, applied to the cross-border territory of Mons-Valenciennes. In order to build our systemic model, we experiment different representations on 20 study cases and urban models according to their transport systems; by their structural, functional and historical systemic triangulation. These representations are accompanied by a search for geographic information and transposable data in order to build our database in a cross-border Geographic Information System (GIS). We finally apply this GIS on the concerned cross-border territory in order to represent its vulnerability according to a systemic model for mobility
Godillon, Sylvanie. "La rénovation urbaine, une opportunité de réduire les inégalités socio-spatiales d'être impliqué dans un accident dans les espaces publics". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010619.
Texto completo da fonteClaux, Martin. "La ville mobile gouvernée : intercommunalités, politiques de déplacements et trajectoires de développement dans la région urbaine marseillaise". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1104.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the first decade of the 21 century, in France, responsibility for the planning of urban transportation and mobility policies was transferred to the inter-municipal institutions. This major evolution now raises the question of the priorities assigned to these urban policies. For whom and why are these urban transport and mobility policies developed? In this context, this thesis is based on the assumption of a diferentiation in these urban policies priorities related to the social, economic and urban history of the urban territories. We will first describe the four supra-communal Marseille Urban Region identities. Then we will analyze the urban public transit and parking regulation policies implemented since the early 2000s by these four inter-municipal institutions. The systematic confrontation of these urban identities with the key objectives of these urban transport and mobility policies brings us to the central result of this work: a typical ideal opposition of the substance of these urban policies. On the one hand, industrial and working class territories, seeking more solidarity, develop urban transport and mobility policies putting forward the social dimension of mobility in a motorized city context. On the other hand, the bourgeois territories, in search of more attractiveness, devise urban transport and mobility policies dominated by the imperative of influence and attractiveness of the core city over the urban region. This research result directly brings up questions about the nature of the metropolitan solidarity that will emerge from the future Aix-Marseille-Provence metropolitan institution
Boujnah, Houda. "Modélisation et simulation du système de stationnement pour la planification de la mobilité urbaine : application au territoire de la cité Descartes". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1240/document.
Texto completo da fonteParking management is a key lever for the modal orientation of urban travel. Indeed, restrictions by scarcity or price penalize the automobile mode and increase the attractiveness of alternative travel modes, which have less impact on the environment. However, restrictive management increases the difficulty of finding an available spot, cruising for parking and traffic congestion, which raises the environmental effect of each of the subsidiary car journeys. This thesis deals with the quantitative problem of the supply and demand of car parking in urban areas through the prism of eco-design to make planning more sustainable. It proposes a simulation model which allows to study parking management plans, focusing on the technical functioning of the system and its interaction with road traffic. The first part proposes a comprehensive overview of the evolution of urban parking in public policies in France, followed by a theoretical analysis of the issues and the challenges raised by an eco-design approach of parking. A systemic exploration centered on its physical, functional and spatial dimensions is then given. Finally, a methodology for diagnosing parking practices at the level of an agglomeration based on a household travel survey is developed and illustrated by an application to the Île-de-France in 2010.The second part is devoted to the spatial modeling of the parking system. It begins with a review of specific literature. Then, we propose a static treatment of the interactions between parking and road traffic at the local level. A spatialized network assignment model (ParkCap model) is developed. It enables to model the joint choices of network route and parking lot and explicitly considers supply capacities constraints and the phenomenon of cruising for parking on the road network. The model’s performance is demonstrated by two numerical examples. Lastly, the structure of the computer simulator prototype is briefly presented. The third and final part provides an application of the model to the strategic planning of parking in the district of Cité Descartes. After a territorial diagnosis of the study area and its parking system, a simulation of the 2010 reference state is implemented. The application demonstrates the ability of the ParkCap tool to simulate a real network and to evaluate several parking management plans. We extend it to a prospective study of the parking system by 2030. By anticipating the urban transformations associated with the Greater Paris Express project, three contrasting scenarios of parking supply are compared and evaluated