Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Mobilisation environnementales"
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Chazal, Clémentine. "Du Cap de Bonne Espérance à la Pointe de Grave : une étude du mouvement des vins nature et de ses enjeux politiques. Mobilisations environnementales et transformation de la production vitivinicole". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0155.
Texto completo da fonteWithin the current wine industry, a paradigm shift is underway as winemakers increasingly question conventional Fordist practices and intensive viticulture techniques. Yet, this departure from the industrial model remains confined to a select cohort of trailblazing winemakers who are reshaping wine production by championing environmental stewardship, ecological care, small-scale viticulture, and renewed craftsmanship. These alternative practices manifest through the emergence of the natural wine movement, a niche segment of the wine market that has attracted tremendous attention from wine professionals, specialised media and critics internationally, provoking some acute reactions from all ends of the wine spectrum. This research departs from the absence of a technical definition for natural wine, examining it not as a product, nor a commodity, but as a social movement. The doctoral study is grounded in three key hypotheses. First, I assert that the natural wine movement acts as a platform for resistance and radical innovations, particularly for small independent winemakers, setting a precedent within an industry that is highly normed, regulated, and symbolically charged. Second, I argue that the Natural Wine Movement has surfaced in all wine regions, both from the so-called Old and New World. Consequently, the natural wine movement can be considered a transnational network with a diversity of local anchors yet supporting an international identity that cuts across wine regions. Third, I contend that the natural wine network allows for a political project of knowledge production throughout the wine sector at large, offering alternative ways of producing and showcasing innovations. In this perspective, the natural wine network becomes an agent for incremental yet structural change within the wine industry. Adopting an approach at the crossroads between political sociology and political economy, and employing qualitative methods, including interviews and observations, and social network analysis, this study delves into the emergence of the natural wine movement in two distinguished wine regions: the Western Cape Province in South Africa and the Bordeaux region in France
Lejeune, Caroline. "En quête de justice écologique : théorie politique environnementale et mobilisations sociales". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20022.
Texto completo da fonteThis work aims at analysing the theoretical evolution of social justice when it is progressively confronted to environmental limits. It is based on the study of the social and institutional movements that arose around an urban planning project – the Union Zone – in the metropolis of Lille, Northern France. These social movements were at first concentrating their claims on issues far from ecologicalconcerns. But a slow evolution of their claims took place when they were confronted to a project of “exemplary eco-district” (2006-2022). This work will focus on the shift from social claims (based on distributive justice and political acknowledgement) to ecological claims (where social justice is confronted to environmental limits). Drawing on an analysis of the transformation of discourses, of the participation procedures, and of the evolution of the theoretical frames used by the social movements, we offer an insight on the conditions of transformation of pluralist representative democracy. This analysis of the issues and purposes of ecological justice aims at reconsidering the way environmentallimits could be incorporated into the participative practices of democracies. Drawing on the field of green political theory, this work also aims at showing that ecological justice lays on an ecocentrist view of justice that could contribute to question the theory of democracy in the light of existentialinterdependences connecting the ecological and the social spheres
Pessis, Céline. "Défendre la terre. Scientifiques critiques et mobilisations environnementales des années 1940 aux années 1970". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0019.
Texto completo da fonteAt the crossroads of the history of science and technology, environmental history and thehistory of social movements, this thesis aims to make voices voices against the industrialization ofstill largely rural France heard again, in various fields of science (mainly mathematics, agronomyand natural sciences). I analyse the moral economies, epistemic cultures and alternative researchprogrammes carried out by these critical scientists, as well as the social movements for or throughwhich they manage to constitute themselves as critical resources.This research documents the cognitive and normative work of scientists aimed at constitutingthe earth as an object to be defended during the so-called "Thirty Glorious Years" period (that is, asa biological environment, a cultivated space, a habitable planet; the material anchoring of ruralsocieties and the basic condition of human existence), in the face of a dominant regime of‘modernization’ and of production of technoscientific knowledge under the aegis of a modernizingState. Through the study of three types of issues (tractors, soil depletion, and the threat of globaldestruction of the planet), this thesis shed light on a set of socio-environmental warnings,knowledge, controversies and strugles. It therefore adds to a new historiographic perspective thatrevisits the myth of a happy and consensual modernization, paying little attention to the damages itgenerated
Cantarella, Cristina. "Promouvoir la mobilisation des cellules souches neurales adultes pour la réparation de lésions demyélinisantes : effet de l'environnement et de l'EGF". Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22035.
Texto completo da fonteThe identification of neural stem cells in the adult rodent and human central nervous system opens new perspectives for self-repair of brain damage. In the adult subventricular zone (SVZ), these cells proliferate and generate progenitors that migrate along the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. These cells can also be recruited spontaneously to damaged brain areas to replace lost cells, including oligodendrocytes in demyelinated lesions. However, this process only leads to partial recovery. My Ph. D. Research has focused on the identification of conditions and factors that could enhance the self-repair capacity of endogenous SVZ cells in demyelinating lesions in the adult mouse. In a first study, I have contributed to show that exercise and environmental enrichment (EE), known to induce regional increases in neurotrophin levels in the rodent brain, promote recruitment of SVZ cells and favour recovery in demyelination models. EE also favored the oligodendrocyte fate of SVZ-recruited cells in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis lesions. In a second study, I have focused on epidermal growth factor (EGF) influences on SVZ cell participation to brain repair in the context of demyelinated lesions. Indeed, previous studies have suggested that EGF is able to stimulate proliferation, migration and glial differentiation of SVZ progenitors. We induced a focal demyelinated lesion in the corpus callosum by lysolecithin injection and showed that intranasal heparinbinding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) administration induces a significant increase in SVZ cell proliferation together with a stronger SVZ cell mobilization towards the lesions. Besides, HB-EGF causes a shift of SVZ-derived cell differentiation towards the astrocytic lineage. These results suggest that SVZ cell proliferation and migration can be stimulated by non invasive approaches that could be part of future strategies to promote cell replacement from endogenous SVZ stem / progenitor cells, notably in demyelinated lesions
Semal, Luc. "Militer à l’ombre des catastrophes : contribution à une théorie politique environnementale au prisme des mobilisations de la décroissance et de la transition". Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20009/document.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the 2000’s decade, two social movements, the décroissance movement in France and Transition Towns in the United- Kingdom, have contributed, both in parallel, to a renewal of the green political landscape. This thesis is an international comparative analysis of these two movements, which were first distinct, then progressively overlapped as they evolved to become international. This research will focus in particular on the catastrophist dimension of these two movements, understood as a form of political thought based on the anticipation of major ecological shifts (peak oil, climatechange, ecosystems collapse, etc.) that would put an end to the modern version of the democratic project. Far from being an intellectual framework only, catastrophism also gives rise to experimental deliberative practices that put into question the hypothesis of continuity that generally pervades theories of democracy.The analysis of these two movements aims at proposing new material to provide for a theoretical reflection on the intellectual tools that political science uses to investigate the ecological embeddedness of political communities. Dwelling on the pioneer work of green political theory, we will suggest that a théorie politique environnementale could contribute to reconsider theories of democracy, with an invitation for them to fit within the framework of the global ecological disruption
Paddeu, Flaminia. "De la crise urbaine à la réappropriation du territoire : Mobilisations civiques pour la justice environnementale et alimentaire dans les quartiers défavorisés de Detroit et du Bronx à New York". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040186.
Texto completo da fonteAmerican cities are still affected by the urban crisis, patent through the existence of low-income inner city neighborhoods, concentrating the urban poor and ethnic minorities. The neighborhoods of Jefferson-Mack (Detroit) and Hunts Point (South Bronx, New York) are both considered icons of the urban crisis. Yet they witness substantial environmental and food justice activism. The purpose of this thesis is to understand how grassroots environmental and food practices can be used to improve living conditions for inner city communities. The first section analyzes how these two blighted neighborhoods are products of a structural urban crisis. By using a corpus of urban studies on urban decline, we demonstrate how the daily lives of residents reveal a “crisis of urban living” in which noxious uses and pollution as well as limited environmental and food access are key factors triggering grassroots activism. The second section is grounded in a corpus of studies on environmental and food justice, in order to explore the role of environmental and food justice activism in these neighborhoods. We defend that the hybridity between environmental, food, social and spatial issues reconfigured grassroots activism. The third section mobilizes a corpus of commons studies to analyze the challenges of reclaiming urban space. By studying the rise of urban agriculture and other environmental amenities occurring on vacant land, we explore the multiple benefits of community urban space reclamation. Beyond environmental and food benefits, and despitesome conflicting issues, reclaiming urban space allows transformative processes to noticeably yet incompletely improve living conditions
Hajek, Isabelle. "La contribution des acteurs socio-associatifs à l'élaboration de la question environnementale : d'une sociologie de la connaissance à la construction d'une grammaire politique élargie : le cas de la mobilisation contre l'incinération des déchets à Marseille". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10089.
Texto completo da fonteChanard, Camille. "Territoire et énergie : politiques locales, échelles d'intervention et instruments de mobilisation, de connaissance et d'action". Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1041/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis is about French local authorities' energy policies, and more particularly about regional policies. In a context of reassessment of fossil fuel-based energy systems, local authorities have a key role to play. Indeed, energy systems are complex and require to act locally, in order to keep fair access for consumers and to adapt supply to needs and uses. In the same way, environmental constraints and sustainable exploitation of local resources involve to have a good knowledge of territory and of local energy potential. But, local authorities do not know much about boundaries and about components of territorial energy systems. The main purpose of the thesis is to determine structure and behaviour of these energy systems in order to identify public policy incentive levers at local scale.The first part of the thesis deals with the links between land uses, actors' behaviours, political choices and energy consumptions. Here, we point out the specific interest of geography and territorial approach to treat energy issue, both for land planning and for actors' mobilization. In the second part, we identify policy instruments which local authorities should dispose and actions they should implement in order to develop energy saving and renewables. Then, the third part is more specific to regional level. The analysis of two French planning instruments (Regional Plans for Climate, Air and Energy and Regional Energy Observatories), shows the interest of this scale which could, with its position between national and local levels, contribute to improve knowledge of territories, to coordinate local actions and to develop energy policies adapted to local specificities
Eddie, Marie-Hélène. "Publics, espace public et problème public : une étude de cas de l’enjeu du gaz de schiste au Nouveau-Brunswick de 2010 à 2016". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39948.
Texto completo da fonteKim, Kyung Sook. "L'invention de l'environnement en Corée : mobilisation sociale et régulation autour de l'aménagement du territoire à Saemankum". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG005/document.
Texto completo da fonteSaemankum as a natural environment is a rural area with many rich resource that the government decided to develop and urbanize in the early 1990s. The implementation of this land policy has led to changes in the social environment and created a conflict between supporters and opponents of the project facing the question of which local mode of development would be most suitable. Eco-territorial issues can be analyzed as a set of interactions between public policy and the practice of fishing area. This is in the context of a power relationship. That means to describe the compatibility between rationality at work in this project, taking into account both the regionalization of environmental practices, on the other hand, political and growth objectives of stakeholders. How the idea of democratic governance was born? In which way the model of a sustainable development has emerged as a unifying element in the regulation of coastal areas uses? In short, this research is defined as a study of the social relations within the territorial system as we have seen in the actors’ strategies through the recent developments in the administration of the country
Boccarossa, Alexandra. "Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2018theseBoccarossaA.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSince the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Bertina, Ludovic-Pierre. "La « conversion » écologiste de l’Eglise catholique en France : sociologie politique de l’appropriation du référent écologiste par une institution religieuse". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP023/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe publication of Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ contributed to the exposure of the Catholic Church’s “conversion” to ecology. By analysing this emerging movement in the French context, we want to single out the structural effects of the assimilation of environmental concern by a religious institution. Three levels of analysis will be followed: a philosophical, an individual and an institutional one. The first step will evaluate the papal line on ecology, the second will focus on the identity of Catholic ecologist activists, and the third one will assess the scope of the Church’s ecological movement. On each of these aspects, the Catholic Church reach a compromise with postmodern society, emphasizing the need for a spiritualization of ecological stakes, which values relationship at the expense of individualism. Legitimized by the Vatican, the Catholic ecological movement is organized around local initiatives under the soft control of the episcopate. However, this autonomy acquired by the activists doesn’t weaken the hierarchy of the Church, since militants find an advantage in preserving the image of an institution capable of responding to the uncertainties caused by our societies. The Church “conversion” to ecology thus generates an individualization of militant commitment along with institutional involvement in environmental controversies. These contrary motions certainly promote the institutionalization of environmental concern. Nevertheless, this “conversion” will only be effective if the Church is incorporated within the framework of a quest for greater consistency, where policy making will be as important as the value of spirituality
Boccarossa, Alexandra. "Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20043/document.
Texto completo da fonteSince the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Boulangé, Marine. "Mobilisation et transfert des composés aromatiques polycycliques (HAP et CAP polaires) dans les sols historiquement contaminés par des goudrons de houille : expérimentations au laboratoire et in situ". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0138.
Texto completo da fonteIn industrial countries, many sites have been diagnosed polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition to the regulated 16 US-EPA PAHs, other polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), especially polar PACs (oxygenated and nitrogenated) occur. They come from the same sources as PAHs but they may also be formed due to PAH degradation under biotic or abiotic processes (natural attenuation or remediation treatment). These PACs, more polar than the 16 US-EPA PAHs, are more soluble in water, resulting in a potentially increased mobility in soils and a higher risk for Humans and Environment. Thus, there is a need to increase our knowledge on polar PAC mobility in soils and their transfer to the groundwater. Combining laboratory and in situ works, this project aimed at identifying the mechanisms involved in the release and transfer mode of polar PACs in soils compared to the 16 US-EPA PAHs. Our works confirm a preferential release of polar PACs compared with PAHs. Polar PACs and low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) are mainly released according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism (Raoult law). While satisfactory predictions are obtained for polar PAC release when the pollution is “fresh”, availability is a major parameter that needs to be taken into account for historical contamination impacted by aging. Indeed, whatever the leaching conditions (static-batch and dynamic-column), the PAC concentration in water is highly dependent on the availability level of the pollution. In addition, for a high level of PAC availability, the other parameters studied in the project (ionic strength and temperature) have a limited impact on the PAC release whereas at low availability level, these parameters can show a greater influence. Moreover, the PAC release in association with colloids seems limited for polar PACs but dominating for high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs), especially under low ionic strength conditions. Leaching tests performed on a lysimeter column (2 m3) filled with a contaminated soil in the 2/3 upper part and with a non-contaminated soil in the 1/3 lower part, both soils being sampled on a former coking plant site, confirm a release of PACs according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism although PAC concentrations are widely lower compared to those predicted by the Raoult law. Whatever the experimental scale studied (batch, laboratory or lysimeter column), a clear influence of the biological compartment has been evidenced. Once the PAHs and polar PACs are dissolved into water, they are highly biodegraded. No by-products - especially oxygenated PACs - were detected
Moll-François, Fabien. "Problématiser les contaminations, mettre en cause les responsables : mobilisations, expertises et recours au droit pénal dans les affaires amiante et dioxines en France (1975-2015)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0177.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on contaminations as the origin of a damage and the consequence of a fault. It is grounded in two specific cases in environmental health, one connected to the presence of asbestos on the university campus of Jussieu (Paris), the other to the pollution generated by a waste incinerator near Albertville (Savoie). By examining the successive disputes generated by these situations since the mid-70s, the thesis concentrates on the central role played by people directly affected by the risks, from the 1990s onwards, in problematizing the contaminations to which they were exposed in terms of preventable damages, raising the criminal responsibility of a number of key players. The thesis examines how the questions of asbestos and dioxins sanitary impacts have been taken into consideration by the administrations regulating environmental toxics, and by the judicial system, which has to rule on possible misconduct. This work analyses a vast body of published documents and archives (from activists, administrations and the legal system), coupled to over fourty semi-structured interviews with the main stakeholders involved in the cases.Using an analysis based on arenas, the thesis explores the different social spaces where the problems were defined and addressed, placing emphasis on the different forms of expertise developed: the knowledge used to lead and feed the contestations; the knowledge used to guide public decisions; the knowledge used to substantiate judicial decisions. The arena of social conflicts, the arena of the administration and the arena of criminal justice are governed by specific principles and challenges, which are brought to light in this work, without, however, considering them as rigid and autonomous spaces. By adopting a micro-historical perspective, and by closely describing the events as they unfolded, this study reveals how the different arenas interacted with each other, and how the rules that govern them evolved as an effect of these affairs. This investigation shows that the degree of autonomy and interconnexion of these arenas is a crucial point, which can explain the trajectory of the cases studied. This trajectory depends on the interactions that take place - or do not take place - between the different arenas, but these processes operate discreetly. On a more structural level, the thesis shows how the administrative arena and the public policy expertise evolved under the influence of the mobilisations and the use of criminal law, resulting in an increased professionalization and the development of risk assessment standards – while highlighting the ambivalent effects that this may have on the recognition of the issues raised. Finally, this thesis reports on the mechanisms, specific to the law and judicial categories, which make the penalisation of public health difficult, particularly because of the reluctance of French criminal law to adopt a probabilistic type of reasoning to legally prove the existence of a damage
Boulangé, Marine. "Mobilisation et transfert des composés aromatiques polycycliques (HAP et CAP polaires) dans les sols historiquement contaminés par des goudrons de houille : expérimentations au laboratoire et in situ". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0138/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn industrial countries, many sites have been diagnosed polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition to the regulated 16 US-EPA PAHs, other polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), especially polar PACs (oxygenated and nitrogenated) occur. They come from the same sources as PAHs but they may also be formed due to PAH degradation under biotic or abiotic processes (natural attenuation or remediation treatment). These PACs, more polar than the 16 US-EPA PAHs, are more soluble in water, resulting in a potentially increased mobility in soils and a higher risk for Humans and Environment. Thus, there is a need to increase our knowledge on polar PAC mobility in soils and their transfer to the groundwater. Combining laboratory and in situ works, this project aimed at identifying the mechanisms involved in the release and transfer mode of polar PACs in soils compared to the 16 US-EPA PAHs. Our works confirm a preferential release of polar PACs compared with PAHs. Polar PACs and low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) are mainly released according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism (Raoult law). While satisfactory predictions are obtained for polar PAC release when the pollution is “fresh”, availability is a major parameter that needs to be taken into account for historical contamination impacted by aging. Indeed, whatever the leaching conditions (static-batch and dynamic-column), the PAC concentration in water is highly dependent on the availability level of the pollution. In addition, for a high level of PAC availability, the other parameters studied in the project (ionic strength and temperature) have a limited impact on the PAC release whereas at low availability level, these parameters can show a greater influence. Moreover, the PAC release in association with colloids seems limited for polar PACs but dominating for high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs), especially under low ionic strength conditions. Leaching tests performed on a lysimeter column (2 m3) filled with a contaminated soil in the 2/3 upper part and with a non-contaminated soil in the 1/3 lower part, both soils being sampled on a former coking plant site, confirm a release of PACs according to a coal tar dissolution mechanism although PAC concentrations are widely lower compared to those predicted by the Raoult law. Whatever the experimental scale studied (batch, laboratory or lysimeter column), a clear influence of the biological compartment has been evidenced. Once the PAHs and polar PACs are dissolved into water, they are highly biodegraded. No by-products - especially oxygenated PACs - were detected
Osadtchy, Clara. "Conflits environnementaux en territoire industriel : réappropriation territoriale et émergence d'une justice environnementale : le cas de l'étang de Berre et de Fos-sur-Mer". Thesis, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3005/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis explores the socio-spatial meanings of several conflicting dynamics related to the environment, anddevelopment in a heavily industrialized territory. The analysis focuses on the reasons for and the genesis of mobilizations by inhabitants and actors at work since the 2000s around the Etang de Berre and the Fos gulf (Bouches-du-Rhône), a territory which has been partly annexed for a century to serve the development of the Autonomous Port of Marseille. The first part presents the main social sciences lessons which help to understand the conflict and offers a specific reading when the situation is tied to the existence of industrial risks. The second part is a photograph, enhanced by a historical approach, of the realities of the coexistence between cities and risky sites from the perspective of social representations of livedspace, environmental issues and industrial risk management policies. The third part seeks to restore and analyze several conflicts related to the implementation of an incinerator, port development, and the implementation of new regulations in matters of industrial, and urban risks. The thesis shows that the mobilizations are working on an update of the territory’s fractures and the environmental inequalities inherent to industrial territories. They are socio-political, environmental and democratic objects, and involve forms of territorial reappropriation and environmental justice. This research opens newperspectives in the study of the potential for the emergence of eco-citizenship and the social integration of environmental issues on territories which have a high ecological burden