Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Mixed-gender prisons"
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Gulati, Gautam, Kizito Otuokpaikhian, Maeve Crowley, Vishnu Pradeep, David Meagher e Colum P. Dunne. "Mental healthcare interfaces in a regional Irish prison". International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, n.º 1 (11 de março de 2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-06-2017-0029.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the demographic, clinical characteristics and outcomes for those prisoners referred to secondary mental healthcare in a regional Irish prison and the proportion of individuals diverted subsequently from prison to psychiatric settings.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a retrospective review of 130 successive psychiatric assessment case records at a regional mixed gender prison serving six southern Irish counties. The authors analysed demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Where diversion out of prison was undertaken, Dangerousness, Understanding, Recovery and Urgency Manual (DUNDRUM) scores were retrospectively completed to assess security need.FindingsIn total, 8.6 per cent of all committals from liberty were referred by a general practitioner and 8.1 per cent subsequently assessed by the visiting psychiatrist. Predominantly, these were young males charged with a violent offence. In all, 42.2 per cent of those assessed by secondary care were diagnosed with a substance misuse disorder and 21.1 per cent with a personality disorder. In total, 20.3 per cent suffered from a psychotic disorder and 10.6 per cent with an affective disorder. Of those seen by psychiatric services, 51.2 per cent required psychotropic medication, 29.2 per cent required psychological input and 59.3 per cent required addiction counselling. In all, 10.6 per cent of those assessed were diverted from prison, the majority to approved centres. Mean DUNDRUM-1 scores suggested that those referred to high and medium secure hospitals were appropriately placed, whereas those diverted to open wards would have benefited from a low secure/intensive care setting.Originality/valueThe multifaceted need set of those referred strengthens the argument for the provision of multidisciplinary mental healthcare into prisons. The analysis of security needs for those diverted from prisons supports the need for Intensive Care Regional Units in Ireland.
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Ahuja, Alka, Gemma Johns, Sara Khalil e Mike Ogonovsky. "National video consultation service- changing the way we deliver future care". BJPsych Open 7, S1 (junho de 2021): S169—S170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.468.
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AimsIn March 2020, when the COVID-19 outbreak emerged, Technology Enabled Care (TEC) Cymru went into partnership with the Welsh Government and CWTCH Cymru to offer a safe solution to protect the NHS and the public by developing and rolling-out a National Video Consulting (VC) Service on an All-Wales basis.The aim was to quickly develop and roll-out an NHS-approved communication platform (Attend Anywhere) to all primary, secondary and community care services, and into care homes, prisons, dentistry, optometry and pharmacy to offer video consultations to patients.MethodThe NHS Wales Video Consulting (VC) Service used a robust mixed methodology of surveys and interviews with patients, families and professionals. The real-time quality improvement approach was invaluable to the team as findings continually informed the approach and direction.ResultBased upon 10,000 survey responses from patients and professionals, and more than 300 interviews the results demonstrate that video consulting is consistently high in satisfaction, clinical suitability and acceptability across a wide range of patient demographics and clinical specialties in Wales. The key findings areVery high in patient and clinician satisfaction (slightly higher in patients).Clinically suitable across a wide range of specialties, care sectors and Health Boards.Very high in patient and clinician satisfaction (slightly higher in patients).High acceptability of VC, which is believed to be associated to the ‘Welsh Way’ of digital implementation processes.Consistent data patterns across patient demographics (age, gender, urban/rural location).Consistent data patterns across clinical settings and Health Boards.ConclusionThere is large appetite for VC in Wales, with high potential of sustainability and long-term use beyond COVID-19. The service is now working with clinicians, patients, carers and policy makers to explore the long-term use and sustainability of video consultations in Wales
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Pettus-Davis, Carrie, Christopher A. Veeh, Maxine Davis e Stephen Tripodi. "Gender differences in experiences of social support among men and women releasing from prison". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, n.º 9 (24 de abril de 2017): 1161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517705492.
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Objectives: Positive social support is critically important to postprison well-being outcomes. However, researchers and program developers are still trying to understand how to best promote stable and sustainable social support for formerly incarcerated individuals during reentry to the community. We sought to add to the body of knowledge on social support and prisoner reentry by comparing men and women releasing from prison on the quality (e.g., positive or negative) and amount of informal social support. Methods: A random sample of 395 male ( n = 165) and female ( n = 230) releasing prisoners participated in the study. After unadjusted bivariate comparisons, multivariate regression was conducted to identify gender differences in preincarceration social support quality of influence and anticipated number of postrelease support persons while controlling for important covariates such as substance abuse and mental illnesses. Results: Males reported higher rates of negative social support overall, and females reported higher rates of both mixed and positive social support compared to their male counterparts. Older participants reported higher levels of positive support compared to younger participants. Men of color reported significantly higher levels of positive support than their White male counterparts. Overall, women had higher prevalence of behavioral health factors that complicate quality of support. However, there were no differences in gender found for the amount of perceived social support available postrelease in the unadjusted models. Implications: Study findings suggest the need for gender-specific and culturally tailored targets for prisoner reentry programs addressing social support. Possible adaptations for interventions are explored.
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Jenness, Valerie, e Julie Gerlinger. "The Feminization of Transgender Women in Prisons for Men: How Prison as a Total Institution Shapes Gender". Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, n.º 2 (10 de janeiro de 2020): 182–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219894422.
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In this article, we investigate the degree to which prison shapes transgender women’s perceptions of themselves as gendered people in prisons for men. Drawing on original data collected from 315 transgender women in 27 prisons for men in California, a mixed-methods analysis reveals that transgender women in prisons for men report higher levels of self-perceptions of femininity while incarcerated, especially for those who report sexual victimization by other prisoners. The implications of these and other findings are discussed in light of recent calls for more theory and research on femininities as well as the policies and practices that undergird prisons as one of the most sex-segregated institutions.
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Silbernagl, Marisa, Rudolf Slamanig, Maike Stegemann, Michael Sterzer, Laura Mayer, Gabriele Fischer e Annemarie Unger. "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Status in a Mixed Gender Population of Opioid-Maintained Prison Inmates". European Addiction Research 25, n.º 2 (2019): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000496351.
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Bourlakov, Gwyn. "Gender and Empire". Sibirica 19, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2020): 5–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sib.2020.190103.
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The article focuses on the imprisonment of elite women from the Russian metropole and women of mixed ethnic backgrounds on the Siberian frontier in the mid-eighteenth-century. Female prisoners and their monastic jailors responded to ascribed identities, positions, and circumstances dictated by imperial policies within the walls of the Dalmatov Vvedenskii Convent, which complicates our understanding of imperial interaction, gender, and empire in Siberia.
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McNeeley, Susan. "Do Ecological Effects on Recidivism Vary by Gender, Race, or Housing Type?" Crime & Delinquency 64, n.º 6 (14 de junho de 2017): 782–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717714425.
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Several studies show that recidivism is influenced by the context of neighborhoods in which offenders live after leaving prison. However, the research on this topic is mixed, with many studies finding inconsistent or null neighborhood effects. This study addresses this inconsistency by examining whether neighborhoods affect recidivism differently based on offenders’ housing situation or personal characteristics (i.e., gender, race). The results of the multilevel logistic regression analyses show that neighborhood characteristics were significantly related to rearrest among minority offenders but not White offenders, and among offenders living in private residential housing but not those living in community-based facilities. These results help to explain the mixed findings in the literature and highlight the complexity of the relationship between neighborhood context and recidivism.
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Young, S., D. Moss, O. Sedgwick, M. Fridman e P. Hodgkins. "A meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in incarcerated populations". Psychological Medicine 45, n.º 2 (7 de abril de 2014): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000762.
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BackgroundStudies report the variable prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in incarcerated populations. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of ADHD in these populations.MethodPrimary research studies reporting the prevalence (lifetime/current) of ADHD in incarcerated populations were identified. The meta-analysis used a mixed log-binomial model, including fixed effects for each covariate and a random study effect, to estimate the significance of various risk factors.ResultsForty-two studies were included in the analysis. ADHD prevalence was higher with screening diagnoses versus diagnostic interview (and with retrospective youth diagnoses versus current diagnoses). Using diagnostic interview data, the estimated prevalence was 25.5% and there were no significant differences for gender and age. Significant country differences were noted.ConclusionsCompared with published general population prevalence, there is a fivefold increase in prevalence of ADHD in youth prison populations (30.1%) and a 10-fold increase in adult prison populations (26.2%).
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Paynter, Martha, Paula Pinzón Hernández, Clare Heggie, Shelley McKibbon e Sarah Munro. "Abortion and contraception for incarcerated people: A scoping review". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 3 (30 de março de 2023): e0281481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281481.
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Background Women experiencing incarceration have higher rates of unmet contraceptive needs and rates of abortion than the public. Incarceration presents multiple potential barriers to accessing abortion and contraception care, including prison security protocols, prison locations, lack of access to care providers, stigma, and low health literacy. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to contraception and abortion access for people experiencing criminalization and incarceration. Methods We used the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and include empirical research with people experiencing criminalization or incarceration and/or with prison staff; with respect to prescription contraception or abortion access, while in custody or after having experienced incarceration/criminalization. Databases searched include CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Gender Studies, Medline (Ovid), Embase, Sociological Abstracts, and Social Services Abstracts. The search yielded 6096 titles of which 43 were included in the review. Results Our search yielded 43 studies published between 2001 and 2021 across six countries. The studies included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods designs. The main outcomes of interest included contraceptive use; attitudes towards abortion, contraception, and pregnancy; and barriers to care. Barriers identified included lack of onsite access to options, contraceptive coercion by providers, financial costs, and disruptions to medical coverage and insurance status which incarcerated. Discussion Evidence indicates that people in prison face significant barriers to maintaining continuity of contraceptive methods, abortion access, and reproductive health guidance. Some studies articulated participants felt judged when discussing contraception with prison-based health care providers. Geographic location, out-of-pocket payments, and trust in health care providers were reported as barriers to access. Conclusion Incarceration presents considerable challenges to the access of contraception and abortion care. Future research should examine the interaction between institutional security policies and procedures on care seeking, the experiences of underserved and hyper-incarcerated groups, and the impact of being denied access to contraception and abortion and experiences of criminalization.
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Horwitz, Henrik, Kim P. Dalhoff, Marc Klemp, Anna Horwitz, Jon T. Andersen e Gesche Jürgens. "The prognosis following amphetamine poisoning". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, n.º 8 (21 de agosto de 2017): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817707634.
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Aims: This study investigated the long-term mortality following poisoning by amphetamine or substituted amphetamines. Furthermore, we examined the social problems and somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity related to amphetamine poisoning, and their impact on the long-term survival. Methods: We identified amphetamine poisoned patients from the Danish Poison Information Centre database and correlated their personal identification numbers with seven Danish national registries related to different social and health aspects. For each case, we sampled 100 age and gender matched controls from the background population. Results: From August 2006 to December 2013 we identified 1444 patients (70% males) who experienced amphetamine poisoning; 52% of the cases were classified as mixed poisonings and the average age at first contact was 24.8 years (SD 8.6). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders, HIV, viral hepatitis, and previous prison incarceration was approximately 10 times higher than among healthy controls. After seven years 11% were deceased as opposed to 0.6% in the control group, and 64% of the patients died from unnatural causes. Male gender (HR 2.29, 95% CI (1.07-4.90)), age (HR 1.06, 95% CI (1.03-1.09)), opioid dependence (HR 2.88, 95% CI (1.42-5.85)), schizophrenia (HR 3.09,95% CI (1.63-5.86)), affective disorders (HR 2.65, 95% CI (1.44-4.90)) and HIV (HR 5.45, 95% CI (1.19-24.90)) were associated with a high mortality. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these patients experienced social and health related deterioration in the years following poisoning. Conclusions: Amphetamine poisoning is associated with a poor long-term prognosis and is complicated by additional social and health related issues.
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Kennedy, Caitlin E., Ping T. Yeh, Annette Verster, Niklas Luhmann, Van T. T. Nguyen, Maeve B. de Mello, Rachel Baggaley e Virginia Macdonald. "Do Peer Navigators Improve Initiation and Retention in HIV/VH/STI Treatment Programs for People From Key Populations? A Systematic Review of Effectiveness, Values and Preferences, and Cost". JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 95, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2024): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000003364.
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Background: Key populations are disproportionately affected by HIV, viral hepatitis (VH), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and face barriers to care. Peer navigation programs are widely used, but evidence supporting their use has not been synthesized. Setting: Peer navigation programs for sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, prisoners, and trans and gender diverse people globally. Methods: To inform World Health Organization guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of effectiveness, values and preferences, and cost studies published between January 2010 and May 2021. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and EMBASE; screened abstracts; and extracted data in duplicate. The effectiveness review included randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies evaluating time to diagnosis or linkage to care, treatment initiation, treatment retention/completion, viral load, cure, or mortality. We assessed risk of bias and summarized findings in GRADE evidence profiles. Values and preferences and cost data were summarized descriptively. Results: Four studies evaluated the effectiveness of peer navigators for key populations. All were focused on HIV; none were designed for VH or STIs. These studies showed mixed effects on linkage to care, treatment retention/completion, and viral load; no studies measured treatment initiation, cure, or mortality. Two values and preferences studies with community-based organization staff and health workers suggested peer navigators for key populations were acceptable and valued, although continued challenges remained. No cost studies were identified. Conclusions: Although limited, available studies provide moderate certainty evidence for benefits of HIV/VH/STI peer navigation programs for key populations. Further evaluations are needed.
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Alfar, Muhammad, Ahamd Rustan, Irwansyah Irwansyah e Fachmi Jambak. "Maladministrasi Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Anak Yang Berhadapan Dengan Hukum". JURNAL RECHTENS 12, n.º 2 (6 de dezembro de 2023): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56013/rechtens.v12i2.2457.
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Salah satu hak bagi ABH yang masih terabaikan adalah masih terdapat ABH yang masih dilakukan penahanan di Rutan bercampur dengan tahanan dewasa yang seharusnya penahanan dilakukan pada LPKS dan/atau LPAS agar tidak bercampur dengan tahanan dewasa sehingga anak rentan mendapatkan pengaruh buruk. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yakni Bagaimanakah praktik penahanan ABH dalam rangka menghadapi proses hukum? Apa bentuk maladministrasi yang terjadi dalam proses penahanan ABH dalam menjalani proses hukum? Penelitian ini masuk dalam penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan Pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa proses penahanan terhadap ABH dalam rangka menjalani proses hukum masih bercampur dengan tahanan orang dewasa akibat belum tersedianya LPKS dan/atau LPAS. Adapun bentuk maladministrasi yang terjadi akibat belum tersedianya LPKS dan/atau LPAS yaitu, pengabaian kewajiban hukum, penundaan berlarut, dan penyimpangan prosedur dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Kata kunci: Maladministrasi, pemenuhan, Hak ABH One of the rights for ABH that is still neglected is that there are still ABH who are still being held in detention centers mixed with adult prisoners who should be held at LPKS and / or LPAS so as not to mix with adult prisoners so that children are vulnerable to bad influences. The formulation of the problem in this study is: How is the practice of ABH detention in order to face the legal process? What forms of maladministration occur in the process of detention of ABH in undergoing legal proceedings? This research is included in normative legal research using the statutory approach method statute approach and conceptual approach. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the detention process for ABH in the context of undergoing legal proceedings is still mixed with adult detention due to the unavailability of LPKS and / or LPAS. The forms of maladministration that occur due to the unavailability of LPKS and / or LPAS are neglect of legal obligations, protracted delays, and irregularities in procedures in the implementation of public services. Keywords: Maladministration, fulfillment, ABH Rights REFERENCES Abd, Munim. “PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK,” 2022. Analiyansyah, Analiyansyah, and Syarifah Rahmatillah. “PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP ANAK YANG BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM (Studi Terhadap Undang-Undang Peradilan Anak Indonesia Dan Peradilan Adat Aceh).” Gender Equality: Internasional Journal of Child and Gender Studies 1, no. 1 (2015): 51–68. Andari, Soetji. “Peran Pekerja Sosial Dalam Pendampingan Sosial.” Jurnal Ilmiah Rehabilitasi Sosial (Rehsos) 6, no. 2 (2020): 76–92. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v6i2.2200. “Data Kepolisian Resor Kendari, Setember 2023,” n.d. Dheny Wahyudhi, “Perlindungan Terhadap Anak Yang Berhadapan Dengan Hukum Melalui Pendekatan Restorative Justice,” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jambi 6, no. 1 (2015) Ersanda, Elsha, Ahmad Rustan, and Wahyudi Umar. “Tinjauan Yuridis Pelaksanaan Review Hasil Pemilihan Penyedia Dalam Pengadaan Barang Atau Jasa Oleh Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen” 5, no. 2 (2023): 1859–70. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i2.3653. Fajar, Ni Made Anggia Paramesthi. “Mal Administrasi Dalam Pelaksanaan Administrasi Negara.” Jurnal Yustitia 13, no. 2 (2019): 69–78. Hizbullah, M Abdussalam. “Eksistensi Dispensasi Perkawinan Terhadap Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Anak Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hawa: Studi Pengarus Utamaan Gender Dan Anak 1, no. 2 (2019). Masthuri, Budhi. Mengenal Ombudsman Indonesia. Pradnya Paramita, 2005. Naibaho, Daud Fredrik Randa. “Pembinaan Terhadap Anak Pidana Di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Kelas II Muara Bulian.” Universitas Jambi, 2021. Nugroho, Okky Chahyo. “Peran Balai Pemasyarakatan Pada Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak Ditinjau Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia.” Jurnal HAM 8, no. 2 (2017): 161. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2017.8.356. Nurtjahjo, Hendra, Yustus Maturbongs, and Diani Indah Rachmitasari. “Memahami Maladministrasi.” Ombudsman Republik Indonesia, 2013, 22. Pradana, Jannah Mutiarani, Dinie Anggraeni Dewi, and Yayang Fuji Furnamasari. “Karakter Anak Terbentuk Berdasarkan Didikan Orang Tua Dan Lingkungan Sekitar.” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai 5, no. 3 (2021): 7834–40. Primaharsya, Angger Sigit Pramukti Dan Fuady, and Angger Sigit Pramukti. Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Yustisia, 2015. Putri, Sesty Deli, Anrial Anrial, and Dita Verolyna. “Komunikasi Persuasif Pendamping Dalam Pembinaan Anak Di LPKS ABH Anak Bangsa.” IAIN Curup, 2022. Putro Ferdiawan, Rachmat Putro Ferdiawan, Meilanny Budiarti Santoso, and Rudi Saprudin Darwis. “Hak Pendidikan Bagi Anak Berhadapan (Berkonflik) Dengan Hukum.” Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik 2, no. 1 (2020): 19. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v2i1.27044. Rustan, Ahmad, Ju Lan Hsieh, and Wahyudi Umar. “Maladministration on Mining Business Licenses: Case Study ‘Mining Business License Production Operation PT. Aneka Tambang, Tbk.’” Varia Justicia 17, no. 3 (2021): 246–57. https://doi.org/10.31603/variajusticia.v17i3.6265. Umar, Ratih Do. “KAJIAN HAK ANAK ATAS PEMISAHAN PENAHANAN DAN PEMASYARAKATAN MENURUT HAM.” LEX ET SOCIETATIS III, no. 5 (2015): 14–18. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (n.d.). Undang-Undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Uundang Nomor 23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak (n.d.). Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2008 tentang Ombudsman Republik Indonesia (n.d.). Wahyudhi, Dheny. “Perlindungan Terhadap Anak Yang Berhadapan Dengan Hukum Melalui Pendekatan Restorative Justice.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jambi 6, no. 1 (2015): 143–63.
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Allers, Eugene, Christer Allgulander, Sean Exner Baumann, Charles L. Bowden, P. Buckley, David J. Castle, Beatrix J. Coetzee et al. "13th National Congress of the South African Society of Psychiatrists, 20-23 September 2004". South African Journal of Psychiatry 10, n.º 3 (1 de outubro de 2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v10i3.150.
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List of abstacts and authors:1. Integrating the art and science of psychiatryEugene Allers2. Chronic pain as a predictor of outcome in an inpatient Psychiatric populationEugene Allers and Gerhard Grundling3. Recent advances in social phobiaChrister Allgulander4. Clinical management of patients with anxiety disordersChrister Allgulander5. Do elephants suffer from Schizophrenia? (Or do the Schizophrenias represent a disorder of self consciousness?) A Southern African perspectiveSean Exner Baumann6. Long term maintenance treatment of Bipolar Disorder: Preventing relapseCharles L. Bowden7. Predictors of response to treatments for Bipolar DisorderCharles L. Bowden8. Aids/HIV knowledge and high risk behaviour: A Geo-graphical comparison in a schizophrenia populationP Buckley, S van Vuuren, L Koen, J E Muller, C Seller, H Lategan, D J H Niehaus9. Does Marijuana make you go mad?David J Castle10. Understanding and management of Treatment Resistant SchizophreniaDavid J Castle11. Workshop on research and publishingDavid J Castle12. From victim to victor: Without a self-help bookBeatrix Jacqueline Coetzee13. The evaluation of the Gender Dysphoric patientFranco Colin14. Dissociation: A South African modelA M Dikobe, C K Mataboge, L M Motlana, B F Sokudela, C Kruger15. Designated smoking rooms...and other "Secret sins" of psychiatry: Tobacco cessation approaches in the severely mentally illCharl Els16. Dual diagnosis: Implications for treatment and prognosisCharl Els17. Body weight, glucose metabolism and the new generation antipsychoticsRobin Emsley18. Neurological abnormalities in first episode Schizophrenia: Temporal stability and clinical and outcome correlatesRobin Emsley, H Jadri Turner, Piet P Oosthuizen, Jonathan Carr19. Mythology of depressive illnesses among AfricansSenathi Fisha20. Substance use and High school dropoutAlan J. Flisher, Lorraine Townsend, Perpetual Chikobvu, Carl Lombard, Gary King21. Psychosis and Psychotic disordersA E Gangat 22. Vulnerability of individuals in a family system to develop a psychiatric disorderGerhard Grundling and Eugene Allers23. What does it Uberhaupt mean to "Integrate"?Jürgen Harms24. Research issues in South African child and adolescent psychiatryS M Hawkridge25. New religious movements and psychiatry: The Good NewsV H Hitzeroth26. The pregnant heroin addict: Integrating theory and practice in the development and provision of a service for this client groupV H Hitzeroth, L Kramer27. Autism spectrum disorderErick Hollander28. Recent advances and management in treatment resistanceEric Hollander29. Bipolar mixed statesM. Leigh Janet30. Profile of acute psychiatric inpatients tested for HIV - Helen Jospeh Hospital, JohannesburgA B R Janse van Rensburg31. ADHD - Using the art of film-making as an education mediumShabeer Ahmed Jeeva32. Treatment of adult ADHD co-morbiditiesShabeer Ahmed Jeeva33. Needs and services at ward one, Valkenberg HospitalDr J. A. Joska, Prof. A.J. Flisher34. Unanswered questions in the adequate treatment of depressionModerator: Dr Andre F JoubertExpert: Prof. Tony Hale35. Unanswered questions in treatment resistant depressionModerator: Dr Andre F JoubertExpert: Prof. Sidney Kennedy36. Are mentally ill people dangerous?Sen Z Kaliski37. The child custody circusSean Z. Kaliski38. The appropriatenes of certification of patients to psychiatric hospitalsV. N. Khanyile39. HIV/Aids Psychosocial responses and ethical dilemmasFred Kigozi40. Sex and PsychiatryB Levinson41. Violence and abuse in psychiatric in-patient institutions: A South African perspectiveMarilyn Lucas, John Weinkoove, Dean Stevenson42. Public health sector expenditure for mental health - A baseline study for South AfricaE N Madela-Mntla43. HIV in South Africa: Depression and CD4 countM Y H Moosa, F Y Jeenah44. Clinical strategies in dealing with treatment resistant schizophreniaPiet Oosthuizen, Dana Niehaus, Liezl Koen45. Buprenorphine/Naloxone maintenance in office practice: 18 months and 170 patients after the American releaseTed Parran Jr, Chris Adelman46. Integration of Pharmacotherapy for Opioid dependence into general psychiatric practice: Naltrexone, Methadone and Buprenorphine/ NaloxoneTed Parran47. Our African understanding of individulalism and communitarianismWillie Pienaar48. Healthy ageing and the prevention of DementiaFelix Potocnik, Susan van Rensburg, Christianne Bouwens49. Indigenous plants and methods used by traditional African healers for treatinf psychiatric patients in the Soutpansberg Area (Research was done in 1998)Ramovha Muvhango Rachel50. Symptom pattern & associated psychiatric disorders in subjects with possible & confirmed 22Q11 deletional syndromeJ.L. Roos, H.W. Pretorius, M. Karayiorgou51. Duration of antidepressant treatment: How long is long enough? How long is too longSteven P Roose52. A comparison study of early non-psychotic deviant behaviour in the first ten years of life, in Afrikaner patients with Schizophrenia, Schizo-affective disorder and Bipolar disorderMartin Scholtz, Melissa Janse van Rensburg, J. Louw Roos53. Treatment, treatment issues, and prevention of PTSD in women: An updateSoraya Seedat54. Fron neural networks to clinical practiceM Spitzer55. Opening keynote presentation: The art and science of PsychiatryM Spitzer56. The future of Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disordersDan J. Stein57. Neuropsychological deficits pre and post Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) thrice a week: A report of four casesUgash Subramaney, Yusuf Moosa58. Prevalence of and risk factors for Tradive Dyskinesia in a Xhosa population in the Eastern CapeDave Singler, Betty D. Patterson, Sandi Willows59. Eating disorders: Addictive disorders?Christopher Paul Szabo60. Ethical challenges and dilemmas of research in third world countriesGodfrey B. Tangwa61. The interface between Neurology and Psychiatry with specific focus on Somatoform dissociative disordersMichael Trimble62. Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety in doctors and teachersH Van der Bijl, P Oosthuizen63. Ingrid Jonker: A psychological analysisL. M. van der Merwe64. The strange world we live in, and the nature of the human subjectVasi van Deventer65. Art in psychiatry: Appendix or brain stem?C W van Staden66. Medical students on what "Soft skills" are about before and after curriculum reformC W van Staden, P M Joubert, A-M Bergh, G E Pickworth, W J Schurink, R R du Preez, J L Roos, C Kruger, S V Grey, B G Lindeque67. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Medical management. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) or Atomoxetine (Strattera)Andre Venter68. A comprehensive guide to the treatment of adults with ADHDW J C Verbeeck69. Treatment of Insomnia: Stasis of the Art?G C Verster70. Are prisoners vulnerable research participants?Merryll Vorster71. Psychiatric disorders in the gymMerryl Vorster72. Ciprales: Effects on anxiety symptoms in Major Depressive DisorderBruce Lydiard
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-, Kuheli Mitra, e Dr Rajvardhan -. "The Right To Motherhood Behind Bars: Evaluating The Conditions And Policies For Women Prisoners With Children In India". International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, n.º 2 (23 de março de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.15108.
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This research paper delves into the complex issue of motherhood behind bars in India, focusing on the evaluation of the conditions and policies affecting women prisoners with children. Given the growing concern for human rights and gender-specific needs within the penal system, this study aims to shed light on the lived experiences of incarcerated mothers and the operational realities of the policies designed to support them. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, surveys, and document analysis, the research examines the living conditions, healthcare access, nutritional standards, and child-rearing facilities within Indian women's prisons. It juxtaposes these findings against existing policies and their implementation, identifying gaps between policy and practice, and evaluating compliance with international human rights standards. The voices of incarcerated mothers are central to this analysis, providing invaluable insights into the challenges and needs faced by this vulnerable population. The study culminates in actionable recommendations for policy reforms, emphasizing the need for a humane approach that prioritizes the welfare and rights of both mothers and their children. This research contributes to the broader discourse on prison reform and women's rights, advocating for significant changes to ensure dignity and support for motherhood behind bars in India.
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Paynter, Martha, Clare Heggie, Shelley McKibbon, Ruth Martin-Misener, Adelina Iftene e Gail Tomblin Murphy. "Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes among Incarcerated Women in Canada: A Scoping Review". Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 28 de janeiro de 2021, 084456212098598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562120985988.
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Background Women are the fastest growing population in Canadian prisons. Incarceration can limit access to essential health services, increase health risks and disrupt treatment and supports. Despite legal requirements to provide care at professionally accepted standards, evidence suggests imprisonment undermines sexual and reproductive health. This scoping review asks, “What is known about the sexual and reproductive health of people incarcerated in prisons for women in Canada?” Methods We use the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic scoping reviews. Databases searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Gender Studies Abstracts, Google Scholar and Proquest Dissertations and grey literature. The search yielded 1424 titles and abstracts of which 15 met the criteria for inclusion. Results Conducted from 1994–2020, in provincial facilities in Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta and Quebec as well as federal prisons, the 15 studies included qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. The most common outcomes of interest were related to HIV. Other outcomes studied included Papanicolaou (Pap) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, contraception, pregnancy, birth/neonatal outcomes, and sexual assault. Conclusion Incarceration results in lack of access to basic services including contraception and prenatal care. Legal obligations to provide sexual and reproductive health services at professionally acceptable standards appear unmet. Incarceration impedes rights of incarcerated people to sexual and reproductive health.
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Mohamed, Sara. "The State of Mental Health Services for Incarcerated Adults in Ontario: A Scoping Review". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 5 de fevereiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x241228218.
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Individuals with mental illness are significantly overrepresented in the Canadian justice system. Given the high rate of mental illness among individuals who are incarcerated, correctional facilities must implement accessible and effective mental health resources. This not only improves their health and well-being but also contributes to their rehabilitation efforts. However, evidence suggests that the care provided in prisons is inadequate. This scoping review asks, “What is known about the access and quality of mental health care services for adults who are incarcerated in Ontario?” Mental health care services included non-acute interventions and care that is provided in the institution. This scoping review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews methodology. Databases searched include MedLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Criminal Justice Abstracts, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and the grey literature. The search yielded 354 titles and abstracts of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. Conducted from 2010-2022, the 16 studies included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Common themes that were identified related to segregation, mental health assessments, medication prescribing and access, opioid agonist therapy, psychiatric service access, systemic and institutional barriers, mental health perception, and the need for collaboration. Despite the significant demand for mental health care in Ontario correctional facilities, limitations to quality care are evident. Such limitations intersect and are then exacerbated, resulting in poor mental health care provision among the incarcerated population. More research is warranted regarding the access, quality, and efficiency of mental health care in Ontario prisons, and how factors including ethnicity, gender, and prison classification (provincial vs. federal) may influence mental health care and its outcomes.
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Adkins‐Jackson, Paris AJ, Ariana N. Gobaud, Boeun Kim, Cesar Higgins, Zinzi D. Bailey, Rachel R. Hardeman, Tiffany N. Ford et al. "“The place where danger waits”: Ten years of the 1994 Crime Bill incarceration on cognitive function in older adults racialized as Black". Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S23 (dezembro de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.079398.
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AbstractBackgroundStructural racism may drive the constellation of structural determinants that increase racialized disparities in the risk for Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (ADRD). Structural racism via adverse policing increases exposure to negative police encounters that produce heightened vigilance, anxiety, and depressed mood in persons racialized as Black. Seminal research suggests high‐police contact and disparities in Black‐White incarceration are positively associated with risk for other health conditions. It is feasible that cumulative stress from anticipatory and recurrent police encounters disrupts the body’s homeostasis leading to accelerated cognitive aging.MethodWe used US county‐level incarceration data to compute the Black‐White difference in prison and jail rates for US counties between 1995‐2005 (succeeding the 1994 Crime Bill). We then averaged the decade and linked said data by county to individual‐level health data for participants racialized as Black >50 years in the Health and Retirement Study (N = 2,300) who completed the core interview between 2006‐18 (mean observation of 3.4 per participant). Cognitive function was assessed using a 27‐item global cognitive score from the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. A mixed effects model was used to estimate the cognitive effect of a one‐unit change in incarceration (1,000 additional persons racialized as Black compared to White) with covariates of age at baseline, gender, education, and living arrangement.ResultGreater Black‐White 10‐year difference in prison population was significantly associated with worse 2006 cognitive function (β ‐1.08, SE .45, 95% CI ‐1.96,‐.22). The adjusted model was significant for Black‐White difference in prison population with cognitive decline starting in 2006 (β .011, SE .006, 95% CI ‐.001, .023). The Black‐White difference in jail population was not significant.ConclusionTen‐year Black‐White disparities in prison population are associated with cognitive decline among people racialized as Black starting one year later. While the 1994 Crime Bill is a decades‐old federal policy, it put into place a fiscal infrastructure which local governments continue to use to fund prisons, increase average prison time, and implement adverse policing quotas. These findings suggest structural racism via adverse policing is meaningful to explore in the context of ADRD.
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Friestad, Christine, Unn Kristin Haukvik, Berit Johnsen e Solveig Karin Vatnar. "Prevalence and characteristics of mental and physical disorders among female prisoners: a mixed-methods systematic review". International Journal of Prisoner Health, 10 de maio de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2022-0080.
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Purpose This study aims to provide an overview and quality appraisal of the current scientific evidence concerning the prevalence and characteristics of mental and physical disorders among sentenced female prisoners. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods systematic literature review. Findings A total of 4 reviews and 39 single studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Mental disorders were the main area of investigation in the majority of single studies, with substance abuse, particularly drug abuse, as the most consistently gender biased disorder, with higher prevalence among women than men in prison. The review identified a lack of updated systematic evidence on the presence of multi-morbidity. Originality/value This study provides an up-to-date overview and quality appraisal of the current scientific evidence concerning the prevalence and characteristics of mental and physical disorders among female prisoners.
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Martinho, Andreia, Maarten Kroesen e Caspar Chorus. "Moral foundations in gender violence cases decided in Portuguese courts". European Journal of Criminology, 5 de março de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14773708241229505.
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Gender violence encompasses a multitude of morally problematic psychological, physical, and sexual behaviors that, in most countries, constitute criminal offenses. In this study, we investigate the association between moral foundations ( Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity) and punitive responses to gender violence offenses. Our case study focuses on gender violence in Portugal, a country in which these offenses are a prevalent social problem. We collected data on gender violence legal cases decided in Portuguese courts between 2002 and 2022, and we used a latent class cluster analysis model to identify the complex patterns in the data and reduce such patterns to a distinct number of clusters. Four main clusters unravel latent relations between the foundations mapped in the legal narratives and corresponding punitive responses: (i) Affirmative with suspended prison time (moral rhetoric rooted in Authority); (ii) Mixed outcomes but no prison time (moral rhetoric rooted in Sanctity); (iii) Affirmative with lengthy prison time large compensation (moral rhetoric rooted in Loyalty and Care); and (iv) Affirmative with court fines (moral rhetoric rooted in Fairness). The moral foundations provide a valuable lens to understand the problem of gender violence, but further research is needed to establish the causal mechanisms between morality and punitive responses to gender violence.
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Adamchuk, Irit, e Judith Abulafia. "Women Decision-Making and Responsibility-Taking of Criminal Lifestyle: The Israeli Case". Criminal Justice and Behavior, 3 de janeiro de 2022, 009385482110669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00938548211066902.
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This study aims to investigate patterns of decision-making and responsibility-taking as opposed to the compulsion process selection of a criminal lifestyle among women in prison. A life story approach and semi-structured interviews sampling 30 Israeli women in prison during their first imprisonment were used. Using a mixed-method, results revealed that most of the participants claimed full or partial self-responsibility for having engaged in a criminal lifestyle or for the offense of which they had been convicted. This figure was consistent when the participants were divided by age of first offense or a history of abuse. The results support the need for an integrated approach explaining women’s criminal paths, including gender-specific as well as gender-neutral factors. The conclusion is that responsibility-taking for a criminal act should be one of the factors in intervention programs for women with delinquent behavior, regardless of whether there is a history of victimization or not.
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Fradley, Marley F., M. Kathryn Allison, Mollee K. Steely Smith, MeeSoh Bossard e Melissa J. Zielinski. "Justice-Involved, Sexually Victimized Women's Perspectives on the Acceptability of Receiving Trauma-Focused Therapy in Prison". Violence Against Women, 7 de setembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778012231200480.
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Incarcerated women report high rates of sexual victimization. Interviews with 63 previously incarcerated women survivors of sexual violence explored perceptions toward receiving trauma-focused therapy while incarcerated and postrelease trauma-focused therapy utilization. Nearly all participants (97%) recommended that trauma-focused therapy be available to incarcerated women. Most believed that prisons are acceptable places to receive trauma-focused therapy, without qualification (65%); some reported mixed feelings or indicated acceptability but identified factors that would increase acceptability (33%). Notably, most were currently experiencing trauma-related symptoms, but few had attended trauma-focused therapy following release. Findings indicate that access to prison-based trauma-focused therapy is necessary and acceptable.
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Liu, Lin, Susan L. Miller e Christy A. Visher. "The Strain of Procedural Injustice in Parole among Former Prisoners: A Test with a Mixed-Gender Sample". Justice Quarterly, 27 de julho de 2019, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2019.1637011.
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Yan, Wen-Jing, Jun-Hao Zhao e Li Chen. "Gender-Specific Pathways in Violent Crime: Investigating the Role of Demographic and Mental Health Factors Using Mixed Graphical Models and Bayesian Networks". Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 4 de março de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08862605241234658.
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This research aims to uncover gender-specific relationships and pathways that contribute to the perpetration of violent crimes, using sophisticated analytical tools to analyze the complex interactions between various factors. Employing Mixed Graphical Models and Bayesian networks, the study analyzes a sample of 1,254 prisoners (61.64% males and 38.36% females) to investigate the relationships among demographic factors, mental health issues, and violent crime. The study utilizes comprehensive measures, including the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, to assess participants’ mental health status. Key findings reveal significant gender differences in the pathways to violent crime. For males, incomplete parental marriages strongly correlate with criminal behavior severity, while marriage status emerges as a significant factor, with married males less likely to commit violent crimes. In contrast, these relationships are not significant for females. Bayesian network analysis indicates that living in urban areas differently influences education and emotional expression across genders, emphasizing the importance of contextual factors. The study highlights the need for gender-specific considerations in criminal justice policies and interventions. It underscores the complex interplay of demographic and mental health factors in influencing violent crime pathways, providing insights for developing more effective prevention strategies. Despite its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data, the research significantly contributes to understanding the gendered dimensions of criminal behavior.
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Günther, Moritz Philipp, Steffen Lau, Sabine Kling, Martina Sonnweber, Elmar Habermeyer e Johannes Kirchebner. "Different needs in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who behave aggressively towards others depend on gender: a latent class analysis approach". Annals of General Psychiatry 20, n.º 1 (13 de março de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12991-021-00343-5.
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Abstract Background There is limited research with inconsistent findings on differences between female and male offender patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), who behave aggressively towards others. This study aimed to analyse inhomogeneities in the dataset and to explore, if gender can account for those. Methods Latent class analysis was used to analyse a mixed forensic dataset consisting of 31 female and 329 male offender patients with SSD, who were accused or convicted of a criminal offence and were admitted to forensic psychiatric inpatient treatment between 1982 and 2016 in Switzerland. Results Two homogenous subgroups were identified among SSD symptoms and offence characteristics in forensic SSD patients that can be attributed to gender. Despite an overall less severe criminal and medical history, the female-dominated class was more likely to receive longer prison terms, similarly high antipsychotic dosages, and was less likely to benefit from inpatient treatment. Earlier findings were confirmed and extended in terms of socio-demographic variables, diseases and criminal history, comorbidities (including substance use), the types of offences committed in the past and as index offence, accountability assumed in court, punishment adjudicated, antipsychotic treatment received, and the development of symptoms during psychiatric inpatient treatment. Conclusions Female offender patients with schizophrenia might need a more tailored approach in prevention, assessment and treatment to diminish tendencies of inequity shown in this study.
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Naidoo, Samantha, Liezel Ferreira, Ugasvaree Subramaney e Saeeda Paruk. "An HIV Narrative of Female Inmates With a Lifetime History of Mental Illness in Durban, South Africa". Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (25 de agosto de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.637387.
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Introduction: South Africa (SA) has one of the highest prevalence rates of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) globally, with women carrying a larger burden of the disease. Furthermore, female inmates have higher rates of HIV compared to their male counterparts, with an over-representation of mental illnesses among female inmates as well. Additionally, mental illnesses are highly prevalent in people living with HIV, with HIV and mental illness sharing a complex bidirectional relationship. This study, which forms part of a larger two-phased, mixed-methods study, describes the experiences of contracting and living with/being affected by HIV, among female inmates with a lifetime history of mental illness, in a South African setting.Method: This study was conducted at a correctional centre in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, SA. Fourteen adult (18 years and older) female inmates, were purposively selected to participate in individual, in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants had a lifetime history of mental illness, trauma and were either living with HIV, or affected by HIV. Women from diverse cultural backgrounds, who were fluent in English, were selected. This manuscript focuses on the description of the HIV component of the qualitative interviews only. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Results: Themes related to contracting HIV included intimate partner betrayal, gender differences regarding sexual behaviour, fear associated with HIV and the importance of pre- and post-test HIV counselling. Themes related to living with/being affected by HIV included the challenges women experienced in their home community, which contrasted with their experience of living with HIV in the prison community, and the importance of accepting an HIV positive life.Conclusion: HIV is prevalent in the female inmate population at this correctional centre in SA. This study emphasises that whilst incarcerated, attempts should be made to educate, train, support and manage HIV in this population, thereby helping to curb the epidemic. Further research should aim at exploring such strategies. The study also underscores the importance of the continued need for HIV education in order to eradicate associated stigma and discrimination which are still prevalent in SA.
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Kurani, Shaheen, Lindsey Webb, Kechna Cadet, Ming Ma, Marianne Gibson, Nikardi Jallah, Ju Nyeong Park e Renee M. Johnson. "Area-level deprivation and adverse childhood experiences among high school students in Maryland". BMC Public Health 22, n.º 1 (23 de abril de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13205-w.
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Abstract Background Nearly one-half of Americans have been exposed to at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) before turning 18, contributing to a broad array of problems spanning physical health, mental and behavioral health, and psychosocial functioning. Methods This was a cross-sectional, survey research study, using 2018 data from a state adolescent health surveillance system, i.e., Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Youth Tobacco Survey. The population-based sample of Maryland high school students (n = 41,091) is representative at the state and county levels. The outcome variables included five binary measures of ACEs (i.e., food insecurity, parental substance use/gambling, parental mental illness, family member in jail/prison, and caregiver verbal abuse), and number of ACEs. The main exposure variable, area-level socioeconomic disadvantage, was assessed at the county level using a continuous measure of the area deprivation index (ADI). Additional covariates included: rural county status, age, race/ethnicity, sex, and sexual or gender minority (SGM) status. We used mixed-effect multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds of ACEs in association with socioeconomic deprivation. Models were adjusted for all covariates. Results County-level ADI was associated with 3 of the 5 ACES [i.e., food insecurity (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13), parental substance use/gambling (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07), and incarceration of a family member (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09–1.19)]; and with having at least one ACE (i.e., OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.10). Odds of reporting at least one ACE were higher among girls, older adolescents (i.e., aged 16 and ≥ 17 relative to those aged ≤ 14 years), and among SGM, Black, and Latinx students (all ORs > 1.20). Conclusions ACEs greatly increase risk for adolescent risk behaviors. We observed an increased likelihood of adversity among youth in more deprived counties and among Black, Latinx, or SGM youth, suggesting that social and structural factors play a role in determining the adversity that youth face. Therefore, efforts to address structural factors (e.g., food access, family financial support, imprisonment as a sanction for criminal behavior) could be a critical strategy for primary prevention of ACEs and promoting adolescent health.
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Diab, Jasmin Lilian, Banchi Yimer, Tsigereda Birhanu, Ariane Kitoko, Amira Gidey e Francisca Ankrah. "The gender dimensions of sexual violence against migrant domestic workers in post-2019 Lebanon". Frontiers in Sociology 7 (18 de janeiro de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.1091957.
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IntroductionIn December 2020, the Lebanese Parliament passed the landmark Law 205 against sexual harassment that could see perpetrators spend up to four years in prison and pay fines up to fifty times the minimum wage. The law additionally affords protection to both the victims and any witnesses who testify against the accused. While the law was applauded as a step forward for sexual harassment victims, it excludes an important faction of the community—migrant domestic workers. The law falls short of international standards by addressing sexual harassment solely as a crime and neglecting to complement this law with labor law reforms, monitoring, and civil remedies. This research focuses on the various forms of sexual violence either protected or enabled under the Kafala system. It aims to depict the incessant violations this type of system has produced.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 913 migrant domestic workers in Lebanon. A variety of multifaceted, mixed design methods were used to collect information during the write up of this report, all of which are participatory, inclusive and target group sensitive where needed. These methods ensured that the findings were derived from a collective contribution from a wide range of target groups, triangulated and validated, and that gender considerations were integrated into the data collection and analysis methods. Primarily, these methods included: (1) Desk/Policy Review; and (2) in-depth Key Informant Interviews.ResultsWhilst asked about whether or not they had survived at least one incident of sexual harassment during their employment or stay in Lebanon, 68% of respondents informed the study that they had. According to respondents, various forms of sexual harassment included: (1) inappropriate staring or leering in a sexual manner; (2) sexually suggestive comments/jokes/name-calling; (3) intrusive questions about your sex life/physical appearance that were offensive; (4) someone showing his/her private parts/half or fully-naked body offensively; (5) unwelcome touching, hugging, kissing or other inappropriate physical contact; (6) sexually explicit calls or messages; (7) repeated or inappropriate invitations to dates; (8) sexually explicit pictures, posters or other material; (9) actual or attempted rape or sexual assault; (10) video/photo taking of survivors of a sexual nature; (11) requests or pressure for sex or other sexual acts; and/or (12) other forms of sexual harassment. 56.2% of the sample (513 women) insisted that they had experienced at least one of the aforementioned forms of sexual assault, while 11.7% (107 women) confirmed that they had experienced sexual assault, but weren't willing to describe their experiences in detail.DiscussionThe variety in nationality and race across the sample presented important findings pertaining to ill-treatment, fetishization, and violence each group of women faced. In addition to an overall sense of racism experienced by black MDWs, hierarchy within the MDWs' community presents itself in various forms-even at the early stages of recruitment at the agency. Undocumented MDWs are left powerless in terms of reporting sexual abuse and therefore, are at the mercy of the aggressor. Navigating the country's legal, cultural and social landscapes without documentation or a legal residency permit has become increasingly difficult in recent years, as this has laid the foundation for exploitation and abuse in the areas of: (1) paying less than what MDWs deserve; (2) taking advantage of their legal standing to make them work longer hours; (3) threatening to report them to the authorities if they object; and (4) sexual harassment in all forms.