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Zhang, Pei Sen, Wei Yan e Wen Quan Zhang. "Simulation Analysis of Surface Deformation by Strip Replacement Mining in the Short-Distance Thin Coal Seam". Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (maio de 2011): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.193.
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The strip replacement mining in short-distance thin coal seam is one of the effective methods controlling displacement deformation of overlying strata and surface subsidence in coal mining under buildings and railroads and water bodies. The method has a great theoretical significance and application value by increasing recovery rate of coal resources and cutting down the effect of coal mining on environment and surface of mining area. The numerical simulation method is adopted to study the surface deformation characteristics by the strip replacement mining in short-distance thin coal seam. Such conclusions are drawn as follows: the strip project of forty meters mining with forty meters reserving is quite suitably selected while half of mining rate; ten meters in replacement width of coal pillar is relatively optimum; the feasibility of the strip replacement mining technology is verified by the simulation. Therefore, the strip replacement mining technology has provided one kind of new thought to coal mining under buildings and railroads and water bodies.
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Biays, Pierre. "Une ville d’Abitibi : Senneterre". Cahiers de géographie du Québec 2, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020062ar.
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Senneterre is a typical pioneer town in the Abitibi region. The main factor of development of Senneterre is its location in connection with the previously built railroads, new railroads and railroads to be built which are linking the settled part of Abitibi and Northern Ontario as well as the Montréal and Québec regions with the new mining and forestry districts of Bachelor, Chibougamau and Albanel lakes. In addition, sawmills and C.N.R. repair and maintenance shops are important industries in Senneterre.
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Sherin, Egor. "Prospects for the Coal-Line Transport Introduction in Russia". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2019, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2019): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2019-4-4-441-447.
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The research featured an economic-geographical analysis of the main problems of Russian domestic coal transportation. The problems are related to the ultracontinental position of the main coal-mining regions, railroad workload, and overpriced freight rates. The paper focuses on the advantages of coal-line transport as an alternative to railroads. The author also describes positive aspects of water-coal fuel and summarizes related domestic studies. The article introduces a coal-line project that links Kuzbass and the Urals, its deployment factors, prospective consumers, and design capacity. The route runs from Novokuznetsk to Yekaterinburg with branches to the north and south. The route can be divided into stages, e.g. up to Novosibirsk and to Omsk. Each stage can become final destination, if needed. The prospects of coal-line extension in the western and eastern directions are considered.
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Klosek, K. "Prevention of Damage to Highways and Railroads in Mining Areas". Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1994, n.º 4 (1994): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr94040101.
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Wen, Xinglin, Zhengchen Ge e Fuyu Zhang. "Study on the Migration Law of Overlying Rock in the Upward Layered Continuous Mining Face of Thick Coal Seam with Paste Backfill Mining". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (7 de novembro de 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7297477.
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With the massive mining of coal resources, coal mining under special conditions such as “Coal mining under buildings and railways and water-bodies” thick coal seams has became a key concern for relevant scholars. As a mining method to effectively replace “Coal mining under buildings and railroads and water-bodies” thick coal seams, paste backfilling is an important part of the coal green mining system. In this paper, by combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and other means, the migration law of overlying rock in paste backfill mining of continuous mining face in thick coal seam upwards under the village was studied. FLAC3D numerical simulation software is used to analyze the upward separation of thick coal seams. Surface subsidence was simulated at each stage of paste backfill mining in the continuous mining face, and the influence of the backfill elastic modulus on the overburden subsidence, the backfill and coal stress, the range of the overlying plastic zone, and the surface deformation was simulated and analyzed. The elastic modulus of the filling body was finally determined.
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Hines, Elizabeth, e Michael Smith. "The Rush Started Here II: Hard Rock Gold Mining in North Carolina, 1825 to 1864". Earth Sciences History 25, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 69–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.25.1.a77157458q3u7757.
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From 1799 until the early 1830s, North Carolina's Piedmont had rich surface and near-surface gold deposits. Land owning farmers were interested in improving their finances through gold mining in the slow seasons. Those unable to work their deposits leased them to neighbors or landless prospectors for additional income. Over this thirty year period, the surface placer deposits were exhausted and ended the casual off-season gold mining. Dabblers and fair-weather farmers turned miners became entrepreneurs who sought investors for the hard rock mining necessaries of labor, machinery and processing technology. State government stepped in to help them by liberalizing the terms of incorporation for mining companies. The government support of mining stock companies facilitated private profits and improved the state (and ultimately federal) money supply by adding specie and advancing industrialization in mining and, contagiously, other industries and services such as textiles and the railroads. North Carolina's early industrial leaders invested in mining stock companies. However, the heaviest investments came from Northeastern industrialists and European, especially English, mining firms that insisted upon skilled managers, labor and the best technology with which to develop their investment. Thus, a new breed of miner and mining and milling supervisor, usually immigrants from the northern states or abroad, came to dominate North Carolina's gold fields from 1825 to 1864.
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Antonik, V., E. Babets, I. Antonik e I. Melnikova. "Ways to reduce technogenic landscape disturbances in mining production". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1049, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1049/1/012002.
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Abstract Iron ore mining is followed by significant disturbances of the earth’s surface caused by both iron ore mining facilities (underground mines and open pits) and disposal of mining and concentration wastes on the surface (waste and substandard ore dumps at underground mines, overburden and oxidized rock dumps at open pits, tailings storage facilities at mining and beneficiation plants). In addition, operation of mining enterprises leads to creating hundreds of kilometers of above-ground pipelines, technological roads and railroads; drilling and blasting operations at underground mines and open pits lead to seismic phenomena and geotectonic disturbances of the surface in the form of sinkholes and craters in places of underground workings. The presented scientific work aims to generalize the practice of measures to optimize landscape disturbances caused by mining and develop individual issues of arrangement and technology of reclamation of disturbed surface areas in conditions of Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin. Technogenic surface disturbances accumulated during the period of economic exploitation of the region require a comprehensive solution in two directions. The first one consists in reducing the rate of new destructive impacts on the state of the relief by switching from extensive methods of deposit exploitation to all-round intensification of production (introduction of low-waste technologies, concentration waste re-treatment, oxidized ores processing, transition to technologies of internal dumping). The second one involves optimization of already formed landscape disturbances through reclamation. It is recommended to implement a number of methods of improving individual technogenic landscape formations by engineering and biological methods.
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Pavlov, O. G., A. V. Dunaev, Yu G. Lavrov, A. P. Tseyko e M. B. Shilin. "Theory behind an innovative non-disassembly repair technology for assembles in marine, railway, and motor transport, as well as industrial equipment in the Arctic". Arctic and Innovations 2, n.º 1 (14 de março de 2024): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/3034-1434-2024-2-1-27-44.
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Tribological compositions on the basis of layered silicates and, specifically, serpentine have been known for over thirty years. Their effectiveness is confirmed by successful application in many industries, in agriculture, on sea and river vessels, on railroads, in mining equipment, on passenger and goods vehicles, as well as by tests conducted at many leading industrial research institutes and universities of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The article presents the theoretical aspects of the technology for applying friction geomodifiers related to innovative nanotechnologies, which enable a significant improvement in the operating characteristics of new, as well as worn-out, expensive equipment containing friction assemblies.The use of the proposed technology for restoring worn-out equipment components under harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic seems particularly feasible and economically justified.
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Adleman, Daniel. "The Advent of Media Modernity out of Wild Bill's Ashes". Cultural Politics 17, n.º 3 (1 de novembro de 2021): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-9305405.
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Abstract This article positions David Milch's Deadwood (2004–6) as a narrative universe that merits serious theoretical scrutiny on account of its far-reaching account of the dawn of American technocapitalism. While Kittlerian media-archaeological wisdom situates media modernity's primal scene at the turn of the century (with the emergence of the Edisonian gramophone, film, and typewriter), Deadwood figures the multimedia Big Bang as having taken place a few decades prior, with the advent of telegraphy, photography, and railroads. In the world of Deadwood, this “Discourse Network 1876” condenses in the spectral figure of George Hearst, a tyrannical mining and media magnate who descends on Deadwood to seize and consolidate the area's gold mining rights. When community leaders Al Swearengen and Seth Bullock rise up to resist Hearst, he wields the cybernetic grid of Discourse Network 1876 to run roughshod over the town's fragile social compact. Although this vision of the American Leviathan is a bleak one (and therein resides much of Deadwood's tragic mythos), Milch's Deadwood: The Movie (2019) revisits the town a decade later and rehabilitates the notion that a tightknit community of concerned citizens can, under the right conditions, serve as a viable, but precarious, bulwark against the Hearstian electrical storm.
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Dunn, Joe P. "A Mission on the Frontier: Edward P. Tenney, Colorado College, the New West Education Commission, and the School Movement for Mormons and “Mexicans”". History of Education Quarterly 52, n.º 4 (novembro de 2012): 535–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2012.00419.x.
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Inspired by Manifest Destiny and lured by prospects of economic gain, Eastern entrepreneurs migrated to the Western frontier in the mid nineteenth century. As they pursued wealth through railroads, mining, land speculation, and other endeavors, many succeeded and had their names recorded in the pages of the history of the region; others passed from historical memory. Alongside economic titans were other pioneers. Just as zealous New England reformers sought to bring Yankee enlightenment to the benighted South after the Civil War, other New Englanders looked to the West. For several of these pioneers, establishing Christian churches and colleges to serve the new populations was their mission. One of these individuals was Congregationalist minister Edward P. Tenney, whose conceived life's goal was to found a Christian college that would serve as the centerpiece of education on the frontier. Tenney was not unique, but he was exceptional in the scope and passion of his vision.
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Olson, David, e Bongsug (Kevin) Chae. "Incorporating an Unsupervised Text Mining Approach into Studying Logistics Risk Management: Insights from Corporate Annual Reports and Topic Modeling". Information 14, n.º 7 (11 de julho de 2023): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14070395.
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This study examined the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) annual reports of selected logistics firms over the period from 2006 through 2021 for risk management terms. The purpose was to identify which risks are considered most important in supply chain logistics operations. Section 1A of the SEC reports includes risk factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a heavy impact on global supply chains. We also know that trucking firms have long had difficulties recruiting drivers. Fuel price has always been a major risk for airlines but also can impact shipping, trucking, and railroads. We were especially interested in pandemic, personnel, and fuel risks. We applied topic modeling, enabling us to identify some of the capabilities of unsupervised text mining as applied to SEC reports. We demonstrate the identification of terms, the time dimension, and correlation across topics by the topic model. Our analysis confirmed expectations about COVID-19’s impact, personnel shortages, and fuel. It also revealed common themes regarding the risks involved in international trade and perceived regulatory risks. We conclude with the supply chain management risks identified and discuss means of mitigation.
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Tarasov, S. P., P. I. Tarasov e M. L. Khazin. "Mobile Safety Screen for Secondary Breaking". Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), n.º 1/2021 (15 de março de 2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2021-1-105-109.
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Research objective: Development and implementation of a mobile safety screen for secondary breaking. Research methodology: Analysis of secondary breaking of oversize boulders. Research results: blasting creates oversize chunks of rock (boulders) in the pit walls and floor, which affects the productivity of the pit and the mining operation as a whole. Open pit mines with large volumes of rock formations have to handle hundreds of cubic metres of boulders every day bearing significant labour and material costs of these activities. Various methods of boulder breaking are used in open pit mining, including electrical treatment, mechanical impact, blasting, etc. A common disadvantage of these techniques is their relatively low capacity. Out of all the applied methods, drilling and blasting of boulders is the most effective, but the use of this method is limited due to the use of various equipment, increased hazards and the presence of certain other disadvantages. The autonomous mobile safety screen has been developed to solve this bottleneck. The use of this safety screen enables breaking boulders using blasting techniques, reduces the size of the hazardous area, increases the efficiency of the air shock waves, prepares safety trenches in open pits and for road construction, prepares the rock mass for long-distance transport by road or railways. Conclusions: The use of this safety screen enables breaking boulders using blasting techniques, reduces the size of the hazardous area, increases the efficiency of the air shock waves, prepares safety trenches in open pits and, during road construction, prepares the rock mass for long-distance transport by motor and railroads.
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LEE, Chinyun. "德國商船在北海的經營與勞力運輸/German Trade and the Transportation of Coolies at Pakhoi". Asian Studies, n.º 1 (25 de setembro de 2012): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2012.-16.1.133-142.
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摘要本文探討德國海洋商業勢力在中國北海的發展，以及如何與帝國主義事業結合：德國商人除了在北海從事國際貿易外，也把中國勞工運輸到各國殖民地上工作，包括種植經濟作物，挖礦及鋪設鐵路。在這個過程中，中國的苦力及政府學會了交涉，為自己爭取最大利益。關鍵字：德里、種植園、苦力貿易、坦桑尼亞、殖民地The purpose of this article is to discuss the extension of German imperial maritime power into Pahkoi, China. In addition to their engagement with international trade there, German merchants transported Chinese laborers from Pahkoi to colonies around the world to work planting tropical crops, mining and paving railroads. Chinese coolies and the Chinese government took the opportunity to learn negotiation skills, and thereby maximized their profits.
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Prokapalo, Olga, Anna Bardal, Artyom Isaev e Marina Mazitova. "Economic Situation in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2022". Spatial Economics 19, n.º 2 (2023): 126–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.2.126-168.
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The socio-economic situation in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2022 is analyzed by main types of economic activity and territorial administrative regions on the basis of operative statistical, analytical and expert information. The paper considers the problems of functioning of the real sector of the economy, social sphere, foreign economic activity in conditions of aggravation of the geopolitical situation and imposition of sanctions. The positive dynamics of investment activity was noted, but its growth rate was lower than the level of 2021. The main volume of investment resources is still accumulated in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Amur Oblast, where the implementation of major investment projects in the field of mining, transport, gas chemistry and energy continue. The decline in industrial output in the Far Eastern Federal District was caused by a drop in mining, especially in the Sakhalin Oblast, and a decline in the manufacturing sector. The construction sector of the Far Eastern Federal District demonstrated positive dynamics, connected, among other things, with the expansion of housing construction. But high rates of housing construction in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District cannot yet compensate for the chronic lag in housing commissioning per capita compared with the average Russian parameters. The transport complex of the Far Eastern Federal District has faced an increase in demand for transportation of foreign trade goods. This aggravated competition for access to the export-import infrastructure (railroads, seaports) with limited carrying capacity, increased shippers’ costs and uncertainty of transportation conditions. The negative impact of various restrictive measures did not affect the structure of Far Eastern Federal District foreign trade. A decrease in the physical volume of exports of fuel and energy products was leveled out by high world prices for energy resources. A decrease in economic activity was substantially influenced by a contraction of the domestic demand against the background of a decline in the population’s real income. The decline in the population, both due to natural decrease and migration outflow, remains an acute problem
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Aghay Kaboli, Hinai, Al-Badi, Charabi e Saifi. "Prediction of Metallic Conductor Voltage Owing to Electromagnetic Coupling Via a Hybrid ANFIS and Backtracking Search Algorithm". Energies 12, n.º 19 (24 de setembro de 2019): 3651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193651.
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The electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by high voltage power systems can cause a serious problem for nearby electrically conductive structures, such as railroads, communication lines, or pipelines, that would place a system’s integrity and the operational safety of the structure at high level of risk. According to the IEEE standard-80, by implementing a well-designed mitigation system, the induced voltage on neighboring electrically conductive structure can reach a harmless level. The mitigation system can enhance the overall integrity of pipelines and provide higher operation safety for personal during working on the exposed parts of metallic pipelines or conductive appurtenances. An accurate prediction about the level of induced voltage is absolutely necessary to design a suitable mitigation system for metallic pipelines. Thus, in this work a hybrid prediction methodology composed of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a backtracking search algorithm (BSA) is developed to accurately predict the electromagnetic inference’s effects on metallic pipelines with shared right-of-way (RoW) and high voltage overhead lines (OHLs). Through the combination of BSA as a robust and efficient optimization algorithm in the learning process of an ANFIS approach, a hybrid data mining algorithm has been developed to predict the induced voltage on mitigated and unmitigated pipelines more accurately and reliably. The simulation results are validated by data sets observed from the Current Distribution, Electromagnetic Interference, Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis (CDEGS) software. From the simulation results it was confirmed that the proposed hybrid method is effective in accurately predicting the induced voltage on pipelines with changing system parameters. Furthermore, to evaluate the precision and applicability of the developed approach in this paper, its estimates are compared with the results obtained from an artificial neural network (ANN), a support vector regression (SVR) and an ANFIS optimized by other well-known optimization algorithms. The obtained results indicate higher accuracy of the developed hybrid method over other artificial intelligence based approaches.
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Khobta, A. V. "Studies of geologist A.V. Lvov on the Circum-Baikal railroad". Geology and Environment 3, n.º 3 (2023): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2541-9641.2023.3.31.
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The article deals with the activities of geologist A.V. Lvov during the survey work of the Circum-Baikal railroad and at the beginning of operation of the Transbaikal railroad. A detailed survey of the outcrops formed during the construction of the railroad made it possible to refute the previously proposed conclusions of mining engineers and to give detailed recommendations on the protection of the railroad bed from rockfalls, both during construction and at the beginning of the operation of the railroad. Along with geological studies, work was done to determine the sources of water inflow into the most problematic tunnel on the railroad.
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Prokapalo, Olga, Anna Bardal, Artyom Isaev e Marina Mazitova. "Economic Situation in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2023". Spatial Economics 20, n.º 2 (2024): 122–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2024.2.122-166.
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The article analyzes the socio-economic situation in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2023 by main types of economic activities and territorial-administrative regions on the basis of operational statistical, analytical, and expert information. The issues of functioning of the real sector of the economy, social sphere, foreign economic activity in the context of continuing sanctions pressure are considered. It is noted that the instability and inconsistency of development trends in certain sectors of the economy remain. The index of output of basic types of economic activities demonstrates positive dynamics with a growth rate above the level of 2022. Investment activity remained at a high level despite the existing shock restrictions. A large increase in investment in fixed assets is associated with the implementation of the largest, including export-oriented, projects in the field of oil and gas chemistry, mining, reconstruction of transport and logistics infrastructure due to the new geography of trade interactions. The overall growth of industrial output was mainly due to the increase in hydrocarbon production in the Sakhalin Oblast’ and a significant increase in fish haul in the Kamchatka Krai. The construction sector demonstrates the greatest resistance to external shocks, with positive dynamics for the second year in a row due to, among other things, the expansion of housing construction. Freight transportation by all types of transport in the Far Eastern Federal District, with the exception of road transport, had positive dynamics. The issue that persisted was that of the deficit of carrying capacity of the Eastern polygon of railroads. Foreign trade was characterized by an increase in the physical volumes of exports and imports. One of the factors of economic growth was the expansion of consumer demand under the conditions of growth of real incomes of the population and declining inflation rate. Against this backdrop, there are numerous negative factors that may become serious obstacles to further growth: the inflation rate remains ahead of the economic growth dynamics; the number of workers, including highly skilled ones, decreases; the population continues to decline due to both natural loss and migration outflow
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Barquín, Rafael, Pedro Pérez e Basilio Sanz. "La influencia del ferrocarril en el desarrollo urbano español (1860-1910)". Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 30, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2012): 391–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s021261091200016x.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to measure the influence of the railroad in the urbanization of Spain between 1860 and 1910. Our sources are from quantitative information –censuses of population– and qualitative one –coastal condition, existence of mining industry or industry, administrative capital and date of the railway connection–. We have estimated a first model of data panel in differences. Based on this model we have employed different estimation techniques in order to address omitted variables and/or endogeneity of the train variable. Results from all estimations give us clear evidence of the positive influence of the railroad on the urban growth. In addition a quasi-experiment design reinforces this conclusion. In short, although moderate, our paper shows strong evidence of the influence of the railroad on Spanish urbanization. This conclusion is coherent with other research.
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Xu, Peng, Reng-Kui Liu, Feng Wang, Fu-Tian Wang e Quan-Xin Sun. "Railroad Track Deterioration Characteristics Based Track Measurement Data Mining". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/970573.
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Accurate information on future railroad track condition is essential to optimally schedule track Maintenance & Renewal activities in order to minimize influences of the activities on rail traffic under constraints of limited budgets and maintaining allowable condition tracks. In this paper, a track measurement data mining method is presented to this aim. It is developed on the basis of track deterioration characteristics. Actual track measurement data is used to analyze errors in track condition predictions by the method. The analysis results show that the proposed method can mine accurate track deterioration rates from historical track measurement data and thus accurately provides future track condition two or three months in advance.
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Кривцов, В. А., e А. В. Водорезов. "Typology of geomorphological areas on the territory of the Ryazan Region (based on the presence and range of anthropogenic transformation of the surface)". Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, n.º 4(81) (27 de dezembro de 2023): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2023.81.4.014.
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Приводятся таблица с характеристикой геоморфологических местностей на территории Рязанской области по особенностям проявления и масштабам антропогенной трансформации поверхности и разработанная авторами, с учетом полученных ими ранее материалов, типология соответствующих местностей, учитывающая специфику проявления и масштабы антропогенной трансформации рельефа, созданного ранее природными рельефообразующими процессами. Для каждой из местностей приводятся данные о площади и доле антропогенной морфоскульптуры в целом и по отдельным составляющим (пашни; селитьбы; железные дороги; автомобильные дороги с твердым покрытием и грунтовые; карьеры, отвалы и терриконы; каналы и канавы; водохранилища и пруды). Выделены следующие типы местностей: 1) геоморфологические местности с выраженным доминирующим видом хозяйственной деятельности, характеризующиеся преобладанием однотипной антропогенной морфоскульптуры на 40 % и более всей площади: а) земледельческие, распаханные на 80–95 % всей площади, практически без массивов сохранившейся природной поверхности на междуречьях; б) земледельческие, распаханные на 40–80 %, с участками сохранившейся природной поверхности на междуречьях; в) селитебно-земледельческие, с селитьбой, занимающей более 10 % местности, и распаханные более чем на 40 % площади; 2) геоморфологические местности с комплексным полиморфным преобразованием природной поверхности различными видами хозяйственной деятельности, отличающиеся сложным пространственным сочетанием антропогенных форм рельефа с площадью антропогенной морфоскульптуры от 10 до 40 %: а) мелиоративно-горнопромышленные;б) дорожно-селитебно-аграрные; в) горнопромышленно-селитебно-аграрные; г) дорожно-селитебные; 3) геоморфологические местности с преобладанием слабонарушенных и нетронутых территорий с площадью антропогенной морфоскульптуры менее 10 %: а) с локальными очагами антропогенной трансформации поверхности общей площадью от 5 до 10 %; б) практически лишенные антропогенных форм рельефа, с общей их площадью менее 5 %. Приводится картосхема, на которой показаны местности соответствующих типов, рассмотрены особенности их распространения на территории Рязанской области. Полученные результаты имеют существенное значение для оценки современного состояния региональных ландшафтов и тенденций развития текущих рельефообразующих процессов, в том числе инспирированных хозяйственной деятельностью человека. The table presents the characteristics of geomorphological areas in the Ryazan Region, based on the presence and range of anthropogenic transformation of the land surface. The authors have developed a typology of corresponding areas, taking into account the specific manifestation and range of anthropogenic transformation of the relief, originally formed by natural processes. For each area, we provide data on its size, the ratio of anthropogenic morphosculpture in % of the whole, and for further land types (arable land; settlements; railroads; paved and topsoil roads; quarries, dumps, and terraces; channels and ditches; reservoirs and ponds). The following types of areas are distinguished: 1) geomorphological areas with a pronounced dominant type of economic activity, characterized by the predominance of homogeneous anthropogenic morphosculpture on 40 % or more of the total area: a) agricultural areas, plowed on 80–95 % of the total area, practically without preserved natural surfaces in interfluves; b) agricultural areas, plowed 40–80 %, with preserved natural surfaces in interfluves; c) agricultural settlement areas, with settlements occupying more than 10 % of and plowed 40 % or more; 2) geomorphological areas with complex polymorphic transformation of the natural surface by various types of economic activity, characterized by a complex spatial combination of anthropogenic relief forms with areas of anthropogenic morphosculptures, from 10 to 40 %: a) meliorative-mining-industrial areas; b) road-settlement-agricultural areas; c) mining-industrial-settlement-agricultural areas; d) road-settlement areas; 3) geomorphological areas with a predominance of slightly disturbed and untouched territories with an area of anthropogenic morphosculpture less than 10 %: a) with local foci of anthropogenic transformation of the surface occupying 5–10 %; b) practically devoid of anthropogenic relief forms, with a total area less than 5 %. A map is provided showing the areas of corresponding types and the features of their distribution in the Ryazan Region. The results obtained are of great importance for assessing the current state of regional landscapes and trends in the development of current relief-forming processes, including those triggered by human economic activity.
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Donnelly, R. F., e C. F. G. Butcher. "New-Generation Ore Wagons on the Mount Newman Mining Railroad". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 204, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1990): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1990_204_186_02.
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Increasing railing costs and an ageing ore car fleet were the main requirements for the purchase of seven prototype ore cars. The use of a bogieless suspension reduced tare weight and stainless steel floors and side walls are expected to reduce maintenance costs. Fuel savings are realized from an increase in the tare–gross ratio and improved aerodynamics.
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Kaźmierczak, Urszula, Jan Blachowski e Justyna Górniak-Zimroz. "Multi-Criteria Analysis of Potential Applications of Waste from Rock Minerals Mining". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 3 (28 de janeiro de 2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030441.
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The article describes the research on the analysis of the economic use of mining and processing waste produced and stored on the premises of active mining plants exploiting rock raw materials in the context of the reduce-recycle-reuse (3R) concept. To assess the potential economic applications of the investigated wastes, a two-stage methodology based on a multicriteria analysis using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) algorithm was proposed. Preliminary research produced an inventory of active mining plants storing mining and processing waste on their premises (62 locations). Then, preliminary qualitative analysis was carried out to assess mining waste locations at the environmental and social level consistent with the idea of circular economy—CE (20 locations). Next, in the first stage of the multi-criteria analysis, six directions of economic use of the investigated waste were analyzed and their significance was determined. These directions are use in road and railroad construction, construction, agriculture, reclamation and development of post-mining areas, food industry, and storage at landfills of mining and processing waste on the premises of a mining plant. In the result of the assessment of potential economic applications of mining waste, recommendations for directions of economic use were obtained for the six highest classified mining waste sites. The recommendations were determined in the second stage of multi-criteria analysis by deriving the local preferences (waste sites) for the alternatives (waste uses).
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Wang, Yong, Song-Tao Ni, Fa-Wu Yang, Zhong-Xin Wang, Hong Zhang, Ke Ma e Xiao-Jun Li. "Monitoring and Analysis of Dynamic Response for Open-Pit Mine with Inside Inclined Shafts under Train Loading". Metals 11, n.º 11 (22 de outubro de 2021): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111681.
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The stability of open-pit mining is a hot issue in geotechnical engineering. A mining railroad is in operation on the slope where the east exhaust inclined shaft and the east sand injection inclined shaft on the Laohutai Mine are located, and it was necessary to determine whether railroad vibration would have an impact on the safety of the inclined shafts. With this project as the background, the dynamic response of the slope with inside two inclined shafts was conducted under train loading. A three-dimensional numerical model by using PLAXIS 3D was established to analyze the stability of the slope. The results show that the dynamic reaction caused by the full-loaded train is significantly greater than the no-load train. The safety factor of the slope under the dynamic load is 1.201, and the maximum displacement of the slope which occurred in the gravel layer directly beneath the train track is about 5 mm. The acceleration responses of the two inclined shafts are almost consistent. The maximum horizontal and vertical acceleration occur at the epidote weak layer. The acceleration directly below the load increases significantly. Therefore, it can be considered that the slopes are stable under the action of train vibration, and the influence on the two inclined shafts is small and negligible.
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Adams, Tom. "Acoustic Imaging Techniques Effectively Map Buried Layer Contours". AM&P Technical Articles 173, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2015): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2015-06.p018.
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Abstract Acoustic microscopes pulse ultrasound into a sample and use the return echoes to find and image cracks, delaminations, and other gap-type flaws in manufactured parts and products. New developments in microscope technology enable mapping of the point-by-point contour of tilted or warped interfaces, as well as individual material layer thicknesses. This article includes an example of mapping of buried layers in power insulated gate bipolar transistor modules used in railroad engines, heavy mining equipment, and electric automobiles.
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Reynolds, Terry S. "“Quite an Experiment”: A Mining Company’s Attempt to Promote Agriculture on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, 1895–1915". Agricultural History 80, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2006): 64–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-80.1.64.
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Abstract Between 1895 and 1915 Cleveland-Cliffs, one of America’s leading iron mining companies, became deeply involved in promoting agricultural development on Michigan’s rugged Upper Peninsula. Its two-decade-long attempt to identify appropriate plants and farming practices and thus to extend the agricultural frontier into this region was ambitious. It included an experimental garden, a greenhouse and nursery, an attempt to produce fertilizer locally, two major experimental/demonstration farms, and a number of other agricultural initiatives not usually associated with mining companies. This article reviews why Cleveland-Cliffs became deeply involved in promoting agriculture, the nature of its programs, why its activities were more comprehensive and longer lasting that those of most other companies (mostly timber and railroad) who attempted to promote agriculture in the Great Lakes cutover region, and why the attempt ultimately failed.
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Sunseri, Charlotte K. "Capitalism as Nineteenth-Century Colonialism and Its Impacts on Native Californians". Ethnohistory 64, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2017): 471–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-4174247.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the impact of colonialism on nineteenth-century Native California communities, particularly during the American annexation of the West and capitalist ventures in mining and milling towns. Using the case study of Mono Lake Kutzadika Paiute employed by the Bodie and Benton Railroad and Lumber Company at Mono Mills, the lasting legacies of colonialism and its impacts on contemporary struggles for self-determination are explored. The study highlights the role of capitalism as a potent form of colonialism and its enduring effects on tribes’ ability to meet federal acknowledgment standards. This approach contributes to a richer understanding of colonial processes and their impacts on indigenous communities both historically and today.
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Crawford, Kate. "Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 74, n.º 1 (março de 2022): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-22crawford.
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ATLAS OF AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence by Kate Crawford. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021. 336 pages. Hardcover; $28.00. ISBN: 9780300209570. *Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence is Kate Crawford's analysis of the state of the AI industry. A central idea of her book is the importance of redefining Artificial Intelligence (AI). She states, "I've argued that there is much at stake in how we define AI, what its boundaries are, and who determines them: it shapes what can be seen and contested" (p. 217). *My own definition of AI goes something like this: I imagine a future where I'm sitting in a cafe drinking coffee with my friends, but in this future, one of my friends is a robot, who like me is trying to make a living in this world. A future where humans and robots live in harmony. Crawford views this definition as mythological: "These mythologies are particularly strong in the field of artificial intelligence, where the belief that human intelligence can be formalized and reproduced by machines has been axiomatic since the mid-twentieth century" (p. 5). I do not know if my definition of artificial intelligence can come true, but I am enjoying the process of building, experimenting, and dreaming. *In her book, she asks me to consider that I may be unknowingly participating, as she states, in "a material product of colonialism, with its patterns of extraction, conflict, and environmental destruction" (p. 38). The book's subtitle illuminates the purpose of the book: specifically, the power, politics, and planetary costs of usurping artificial intelligence. Of course, this is not exactly Crawford's subtitle, and this is where I both agree and disagree with her. The book's subtitle is actually Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. In my opinion, AI is more the canary in the coal mine. We can use the canary to detect the poisonous gases, but we cannot blame the canary for the poisonous gas. It risks missing the point. Is AI itself to be feared? Should we no longer teach or learn AI? Or is this more about how we discern responsible use and direction for AI technology? *There is another author who speaks to similar issues. In Weapons of Math Destruction, Cathy O'Neil states it this way, "If we had been clear-headed, we all would have taken a step back at this point to figure out how math had been misused ... But instead ... new mathematical techniques were hotter than ever ... A computer program could speed through thousands of resumes or loan applications in a second or two and sort them into neat lists, with the most promising candidates on top" (p. 13). *Both Crawford and O'Neil point to human flaws that often lead to well-intentioned software developers creating code that results in unfair and discriminatory decisions. AI models encode unintended human biases that may not evaluate candidates as fairly as we would expect, yet there is a widespread notion that we can trust the algorithm. For example, the last time you registered an account on a website, did you click the checkbox confirming that "yes, I read the disclaimer" even though you did not? When we click "yes" we are accepting this disclaimer and placing trust in the software. Business owners place trust in software when they use it to make predictions. Engineers place trust in their algorithms when they write software without rigorous testing protocols. I am just as guilty. *Crawford suggests that AI is often used in ways that are harmful. In the Atlas of AI we are given a tour of how technology is damaging our world: strip mining, labor injustice, the misuse of personal data, issues of state and power, to name a few of the concerns Crawford raises. The reality is that AI is built upon existing infrastructure. For example, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Amazon, TikTok have been collecting our information for profit even before AI became important to them. The data centers, CPU houses, and worldwide network infrastructure were already in place to meet consumer demand and geopolitics. But it is true that AI brings new technologies to the table, such as automated face recognition and decision tools to compare prospective employment applicants with diverse databases and employee monitoring tools that can make automatic recommendations. Governments, militaries, and intelligence agencies have taken notice. As invasion of privacy and social justice concerns emerge, Crawford calls us to consider these issues carefully. *Reading Crawford's words pricked my conscience, convicting me to reconsider my erroneous ways. For big tech to exist, to supply what we demand, it needs resources. She walks us through the many resources the technology industry needs to provide what we want, and AI is the "new kid on the block." This book is not about AI, per se; it is instead about the side effects of poor business/research practices, opportunist behavior, power politics, and how these behaviors not only exploit our planet but also unjustly affect marginalized people. The AI industry is simply a new example of this reality: data mining, low wages to lower costs, foreign workers with fewer rights, strip mining, relying on coal and oil for electricity (although some tech companies have made strides to improve sustainability). This sounds more like a parable about the sins of the tech industry than a critique about the dangers of AI. *Could the machine learning community, like the inventors of dynamite who wanted to simply help railroads excavate tunnels, be unintentionally causing harm? Should we, as a community, be on the lookout for these potential harms? Do we have a moral responsibility? Maybe the technology sector needs to look more inwardly to ensure that process efficiency and cost savings are not elevated as most important. *I did not agree with everything that Crawford classified as AI, but I do agree that as a community we are responsible for our actions. If there are injustices, then this should be important to us. In particular, as people of faith, we should heed the call of Micah 6:8 to act justly in this world, and this includes how we use AI. *Reviewed by Joseph Vybihal, Professor of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4.
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Kaiym, Talgat, Yevgeniy Chsherbinin, Suleimen Kaimov, Aidarkhan Kaimov, Abylay Kaimov e Kalimagul Bakhyieva. "Justification of the innovative design of the skip winch with a body moved by a counterweight gravity drive". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, n.º 1 (124) (31 de agosto de 2023): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.285259.
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The article has to grapple with the problem of creating an economically efficient and environmentally friendly technological process for a development of solid minerals in open-pit mining. In many mining countries of the world today, the depth of many open pits is already 400–600 m or more. At the same time, the cost of transporting 1 ton of rock mass when operating a quarry whose depth is 400 m is 65–70 % of the total cost of extracting 1 ton of minerals. The object of research is technical devices for transport of rock masses in the technological process of development of solid useful deposits in open pit mining. The main reasons are the need to construct transport routes for them by withdrawing the sections of the rock mass on above them, as well their lifting capacity is limited because of they all do use highly energy-intensive machines for transporting rock minerals. In article has been justified a skip cable winch supplied with a wheels moving along on a railroad way by using only a gravitational counterweight device for transporting rock mass from a place of their formation to Earth surface. There have been created a prototype of a planar skip winch with four cables for practical implement in open-pit mining. The theoretical and experimental investigations of the prototype have being confirmed its performance. The created skip winch will accomplish its performancing without using any energy machines even under adverse climate conditions. Its affected would allow to make an open-pit effectiveness to soar and environmentally do friendly because of there are all but excluded any transport vehicles whether on gasoline or diesel oil
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Eletin, E. V., G. S. Borovkova e A. V. Galkin. "FORMALISING A RAIL PLANNING TASK FOR A MINING COMPANY". Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2022): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2022.1.02.
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The formalisation of the task of railway planning, namely, the formation of freight trains and their routes along the railway network of the mining company is considered. The statement of the problem including parameters of the problem, variables, system of constraints and target function is presented. An integer formulation of the problem, taking into account the constraints of a particular mining company, is proposed. The problem of railroad planning is relevant despite the various approaches and solutions available, since each case encounters different constraints. This formalisation differs from the others because there are different types of locomotives, and hence different capacities, and there are different types of materials to be transported. Four different categories of restrictions are presented. In addition, the existence of an extensive network of stations, a huge number of non-stationary constraints and other factors significantly increase the dimensionality of such problems, which increases the interest of researchers to them and contributes to the emergence of new and the development of existing methods and approaches to their solution. In the introduction, a description and features of the considered railway network of a mining company are presented. It then presents the formulation of the problem to be formalised, including parameters, variables, constraint system and target function. Then a numerical example with a solution is given. The integer linear programming method is used as a method for solving this problem. An example of scheduling freight trains for a network including four stations connected by double-track runs and having a star form is considered. The task of constructing routes is not considered in this example, as it is a separate complex task and is not required for this example, as there is a direct path from each departure station to each destination station.
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PENG, Wei, Erlin LIU, Lihan CHEN e Dong ZHAI. "Modeling and analysis of urban rail plug door system based on Petri net and SDG diagram". MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201037.
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The on-the-road fault diagnosis of the urban rail train passenger compartment door is a weak field in the world research. At present, most of the fault diagnosis and monitoring models for door systems are based on the analysis of historical data. Under the background of continuous development and innovation of railroad crossing equipment, it is urgent to study the model of door system suitable for online monitoring and fault diagnosis. The modeling method combining SDG(signed directed graph) diagram and Petri net is adopted. The Petri net with improved conditional fuzzy time constraint is the first layer, and the SDG diagram is the second layer. Through the dynamic simulation and concurrent processing capability of Petri net, the dynamic process simulation of the system is carried out. At the same time, the SDG map and the Petri net are connected by means of standard tables; The SDG diagram is used to construct a hazard identification and fault mining for the causal relationship between related variables in a certain state of the library. Aiming at the urban rail passenger room plug door system, the model is established and the online safety monitoring hidden danger mining process of the model method in the urban rail plug door is analyzed.
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Yushchenko, V. V., V. E. Khrapov e T. V. Turchaninova. "REDUCING TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES FOR COMBINED CARGO TRANSPORTATION IN WAGONS AND CONTAINERS IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS OF RUSSIA". Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 69, n.º 3/2020 (27 de novembro de 2020): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.2.2020.69.006.
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The economy of the Murmansk region retains its raw material orientation, as it is justified by the region’s natural resources and industrial potential. Economic activity of mineral-resource enterprises and those mining ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals is going to remain the dominant sector of the regional economy for a long time due to the geological and economic characteristics and natural and climatic features peculiar to this area. The region is endowed with various natural resources. On the Kola Peninsula there are more than sixty major deposits of various types of mineral raw materials with more than three dozen extractable resources, the most valuable of which include copper-nickel, iron, apatite-nepheline ores and ores of rare metals. Production management and transportation of raw materials require well-developed infrastructure, creating an integrated transport system, that is why it plays a strategic role in the economy of the Murmansk region. It is connected with the fact that the region is predominated by industries focused on producing and delivering considerable volumes of raw materials and metals outside the region. In these circumstances, every enterprise plans and arranges transportation of cargo by various means of transport. Railway transportation plays a significant role as it provides round-the-clock cargo transportation from senders to recipients fulfilling clients transportation requests regardless of weather conditions.Therefore, the important scientific task is analyzing the cargo base and finding solutions for improving the existing and creating new designs of wagons and containers for railroad transportation of cargo, taking into account spatial directions of cargo flows, which is the purpose of this article. The authors have proposed options for modernization of wagons and designs of composite containers that possess scientific novelty, as the current state of the railroad transport system requires modernization.It is impossible to achieve effective economic performance of an enterprise that works in the sphere of mining and processing of mineral raw materials without creating a proper transport component that requires its own development. The implementation of the given proposals will allow the enterprises to increase the volume of cargo transportation which in its turn is going to have a significant impact on socio-economic development of the region.
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Stiles, Rochelle M., Jonathan W. Swan, Jaimie L. Klemish e Michael J. Lannoo. "Amphibian habitat creation on postindustrial landscapes: a case study in a reclaimed coal strip-mine area". Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2017): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0163.
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Although habitat loss is a major driver of amphibian and reptile declines globally, a subset of postindustrial landscapes, reclaimed and restored, are creating habitat for these animals in the United States. In southwestern Indiana, along the southeastern edge of the Illinois Coal Basin, post-SMCRA (Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977) grassland restorations are recreating prairies in a region where they occurred naturally as openings (pockets) in deciduous forest, but were destroyed by agricultural activities following Euro-American settlement. Furthermore, it is likely, given the speed of recolonization by 34 species of amphibians and reptiles (9 frog, 5 salamander, 13 snake, 5 turtle, and 2 lizard species), that the grasslands associated with railroad spur-line right-of-ways act as corridors to facilitate movement of these species into these relatively large sites. We suggest that reclaimed, restored, and properly managed landscapes can support reproducing populations of amphibians and reptiles, including species in decline across other portions of their range.
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Tyurin, Alexey, e Adrian Stoianov. "Improving the Mining Enterprise Productivity Based on Probabilistic Nature of the Solid Minerals Extraction and Transportation". E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910501038.
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Reducing costs in the extraction and transportation of solid minerals is an urgent task. To solve it, the article proposes the use of a systematic approach to consider the features of planning the operation of motor vehicles in conditions of coal mine functioning uncertainty. The account of the uneven operation of mining, transport units and complexes for processing and loading coal into railroad cars allows you to identify the shortcomings in the work of the entire enterprise and reduce resources use at the planned production level. On the example of the Kemerovo region LLC «Razrez Pervomaisky» in the article the model of the excavator-automobile complex work planning is considered taking into account the dynamics of production and transport areas resources use. The use of random data makes it possible to flexibly redistribute vehicles along the routes of transportation and minimize the costs associated with the operation of dump trucks and excavators. The proposed methodology for planning the work of the excavator-automobile complex will allow to level the work and optimize the resources of all sections of the coal mine. The application of the proposed methods will free up unnecessary resources of the coal mine and redirect them to the needy facilities.
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Huber, Miłosz, e Olga Iakovleva. "Tourism, Scientific, and Didactic Potential of the Ultrabasic-Alkaline Intrusion in Afrikanda with Perovskite Mineral (Kola Peninsula, N Russia) and of the Related Built Heritage". Heritage 4, n.º 4 (22 de outubro de 2021): 3892–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040213.
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The present article is an example of research on the tourism, scientific, and teaching potential of the ultrabasic-alkaline intrusion with perovskite minerals in Afrikanda (Kola Peninsula, North Russia) and the possibility of its development as part of a local geopark site. A proposal to create a protected zone in this site, to expose sites of geological, natural, historical, and tourist interest is presented. Didactic routes and locations of geo-point visitors are proposed. Currently, there are numerous quarries and other mining objects of high historical, technical, and geological value. In the vicinity, there is a trough lake and post-glacial formations that can supplement knowledge about this region and add interest to would-be visitors. The remains of a historical camp for workers and miners are also visible in the intrusion area. In the vicinity of Afrikanda village, there is an international railroad line to Murmansk and St. Petersburg with a working railroad station. The place has high historical and geological potential for tourists and very rare and interesting mineralization. The last is a key value. The location is associated with 30 alkaline intrusions in NE Fennoskandia. There are opportunities to create a museum with a park where, with relatively little funding (most of the existing infrastructure buildings are in good condition), the intrusions can be shown to tourists. We proposed a conservation area with exposures, quarries, mine infrastructure, and historical sites, along with the location of geosites, hiking trails, and a geo-point for visitors. These sites are prospective for the economic revival of Afrikanda village and can protect the unique exposures.
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Soleimani, Samira, Michael Leitner e Julius Codjoe. "Applying machine learning, text mining, and spatial analysis techniques to develop a highway-railroad grade crossing consolidation model". Accident Analysis & Prevention 152 (março de 2021): 105985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.105985.
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Du, Cheng, e Biao Leng. "Tunnel Face Image Segmentation Optimization". Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (setembro de 2013): 2148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.2148.
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With the development of Transportation Highway and railroad build, mining tunnel geological exploration in the road construction in the proportion of great. This paper presents a design of image processing software of Geological Engineering images for automatic analysis and processing. At present, the technology of image processing, most algorithms are based on the specific image information of specific analysis, and the face image is very complicated, different regions, and even the same construction sections in different areas of the face image may have very big difference. For the tunnel excavation face of digital image processing algorithms have little, need to start from scratch. This paper describes the use of digital image processing technology of Geological Engineering image image segmentation, found on the rock face, through the comparison of edge detection operator and Sobel Gauss - Laplasse operator methods advantages and disadvantages, a value of two images as the processing object image processing algorithm. The technology of Geological Engineering image analysis on tunnel construction period prediction plays a very important role.
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Шерин, Егор, e Egor Sherin. "ZONING OF THE KUZNETSK COAL CONSUMPTION TERRITORY". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Biological, Engineering and Earth Sciences 2017, n.º 3 (25 de outubro de 2017): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-2448-2017-3-51-54.
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The paper provides an economic and geographical analysis of the supply directions and identifies the coal consumption areas of Kuznetsk coal and refined products. It highlights the place of Kuzbass among Russian coal basins and its contribution to the economy of the Kemerovo region and the country. The research features the domestic and foreign (export) supply directions and use of coal and its processing products, including issues of coal and coke competitiveness on the world market. The research has revealed the main problems of coal transportation outside the Kemerovo region, primarily related to the railroad workload and overpriced freight rates for the railway transportation. The author has made consumption zoning of the Kuznetsk coal according to the distance from the mining site, the scale of consumption and its role in the power system of regions. Three such areas have been identified: an area of nearby concentrated consumption, an area of moderately remote consumption, and an area of remote and scattered consumption. The paper gives an economic and geographical description of these areas.
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Seminsky, Zh V. "CLUSTERS OF MINERAL DEPOSITS OF THE SOUTHERN EAST SIBERIA AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM". Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 12, n.º 3S (19 de outubro de 2021): 754–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2021-12-3s-0552.
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This study aims to identify the groups of closely spaced mineral deposits located in the Southern East Siberia and to describe these clusters. The mineral resource base of this region includes the deposits of lead, zinc, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, uranium, copper, gold, lithium, tantalum, niobium, silver, fluorite, zirconium, rare-earth metals, iron, mica, precious and semi-precious stones, oil, gas, and coal. Many of these deposits contain a significant part of the explored mineral reserves of Russia. The deposits are located in the tectonic structures of the Siberian platform (Tunguska syncline, Nepa arch, Cheremkhovo and Priangarie depressions), as well as in the fold belts framing the platform from the south and southeast (Baikal-Patom, Dzhida-Vitim, etc.). These structures and belts formed under the influence of plate tectonic and plume tectonic processes. This article describes the clusters of mineral deposits of the Angara, Sayan, Baikal and Transbaikalia regions. Currently, the most developed are the clusters located in the southern part of the study area (Shilka, Argun, Yeravnino, etc.). In the northern part (Mama-Bodaibo, etc.), the clusters have been either partially developed within the existing mining areas or are at the initial stage of development. In these territories, the road infrastructure, power supply and other facilities required for mining industry are either underdeveloped or lacking. Prospects for the regional development are related to the economic development of the territories adjacent to the Baikal-Amur railroad (BAM) and hydrocarbons production in the zone near the East Siberia – Far East oil pipeline. On the Siberian platform, mineral deposits formed during the stages of formation of its basement (Aldan, Anabar, and Sharyzhalgai shields) and platform cover (Tunguska syncline, and Nepa-Botuoba anticline). Within the fold frame, ore formation was associated with subduction, spreading, collision, and plume tectonic intraplate settings. To start the development of small-size deposits and mining of technogenic raw materials, it is advisable to establish exploration and production enterprises that can operate and manage expeditions and use compact ore-dressing plants.
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Baker, Anthony W. "Chinese Immigration to California: Welcomed Workers, Shunned Immigrants". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 2, n.º 5 (29 de setembro de 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2020.2.5.7.
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This paper explores the complex relationship linking the collapse of the mining and railroad industries, anti-Chinese sentiment, and the passage Chinese Exclusion Act. Although difficult to tease out, the paper also explores how these immigration issues, prompted primarily by domestic concerns, were intertwined with the diplomatic relationship between the United States and China, as it evolved over the period of 1858 through 1880. this paper looks at historical newspapers written in the early Californian state in the 1850s to the 1860s to understand how changing attitudes towards Chinese immigrants affected local anti-Chinese laws and how these local attitudes shaped national laws. This paper will show that while Chinese workers were welcomed early on for providing cheap labor, overtime they would be increasingly prejudiced against and blamed for growing labor disputes between white workers and corporations. Ultimately Chinese immigration would be scapegoated as the reason for declining wages by white workers in order to pass anti-Chinese laws. The United States moved towards exclusion as a domestic policy, an apparent contradiction of its diplomatic policy of forging closer ties in an attempt to take advantage of Chinese trade.
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Cowley, Roger. "Bertram Neville Brockhouse. 15 July 1918 – 13 October 2003". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 51 (janeiro de 2005): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2005.0004.
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Bertram Neville Brockhouse was born on 15 July 1918 in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. His grandfather was a miner who emigrated to North America from England. He became active in a strike to unionize the mines and to protest against the poor working conditions; as a result he had to leave mining. He then, with his son, Israel Bertram Brockhouse, went homesteading in Southern Alberta with a small farm and domestic animals, where his son married Mabel Emily Brockhouse (née Neville), who had grown up in Illinois and belonged to a family of English Americans. They had a family of four, the eldest of whom was Bertram Neville, known to his friends and family as Bert. He had a sister, Alice, and two younger brothers, Robert, who died in infancy, and Gordon, who became a civil engineer for the railroad. The homestead was on the Milk River close to the Canada–USA border and the local school was a one–room elementary school a couple of miles from the farm. Bert was a nominal attendee at this school but did not remember learning to read or to do simple arithmetic there.
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Higbie, Frank Tobias. "Rural Work, Household Subsistence, and the North American Working Class: A View from the Midwest". International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (abril de 2004): 50–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904000055.
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This essay examines seasonal rural work as part of the survival strategies of rural and urban households and individuals in the Midwestern United States. Using workers' memoirs and data from government investigations, the lives of so-called “hobo” workers are examined in relation to communities, labor markets, gender and sexuality, and class formation. “Hobo” was a colloquial term for seasonal migrant workers; most were young, immigrant and US-born men of European ancestry employed in crop harvesting, logging, mining, railroad construction, and other short-term jobs. The seasonal labor market drew together a heterogeneous workforce including farm owners, farm laborers, displaced industrial workers, and young men seeking adventure, as well as criminals, marginally employable drunkards, and disabled men. The essay traces the lives of individual workers, explains labor market structures, and places the mostly-male seasonal workforce in the context of families and communities. The history of rural work in the Midwestern US confounds notions of class formation that posit a one-way trip from peasant to worker, and suggests the ways in which theories of class formation have leaned too heavily on an unexamined image of rural life.
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Lee, D., e J. Riechel. "AUBURN, CA, EVACUATION PLAN". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-3-2023 (5 de setembro de 2023): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-3-2023-135-2023.
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Abstract. Auburn is a small but famous gold mining and railroad town in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Placer County, California. The city has seen recent and historically reoccurring wildfires. In 2021, 1.5 million acres burned in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, a new record. Auburn consists of three (3) nonadjacent and nonoverlapping sections or parcels of land. The three (3) centroids of each section of Auburn are identified and used in three (3) evacuation scenarios: First, Auburn is evacuated away from the three (3) centroids. We look at how far evacuees can reach in 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes using emergency vehicle travel times, so signal lights, one-way streets, etc., are ignored. Second, we evacuate away from the three (3) centroids while also avoiding previous burn areas. Third, we evacuate Auburn toward the only area hospital, a structure likely to be defended from fire by first responders. Also, some evacuees might require medical attention. Future work includes looking at how far emergency vehicles from places like fire stations can reach in 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes, providing a coverage area for first responders.
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Porter, Douglas, e Ron W. Anthony. "Tramways, Draw Works and Flumes". Advanced Materials Research 778 (setembro de 2013): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.990.
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The settlement of the American West was directly dependent on the extraction of resources including minerals, precious metals, timber, and the commerce that resulted. The infrastructure that developed around these extraction activities was intended to be merely functional, and therefore temporary. Readily available forest resources made timber structures relatively inexpensive and easy to build; they could be put into service quickly and were adequate to immediate needs. Many of these structures survive today at former mining and milling sites, along with remnants of the railroad lines that served them. Together they provide a compelling picture of the development of the American West and the technologies used to extract, refine, and transport the materials that initiated settlement of the region. Preservation of these sites and structures poses many interesting problems: Most of the structures were designed to meet short-term needs and have already outlasted their intended service life; Most of the structures were strictly utilitarian, and maintenance of them was discontinued when mining or logging operations ceased; Exposure of these structures to severe weather conditions is typical. The structures are at remote sites and access is extremely limited; Many of the structures are dangerous due to the extent of deterioration and proximity to open mines, adits, and industrial waste. In this presentation, the authors will use three case studies to illustrate preservation issues common to remote resource extraction sites, techniques used to access the timber structures, and some of the stabilization strategies implemented at each of the sites. The case studies include the aerial tramway of the Keane Wonder Mine in Death Valley National Park, the Cable Mountain Draw Works in Zion National Park, and the Hanging Flume in Colorado.
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Atisah, Atisah. "ROMAN MOETIARA BERLUMPUR DAN PATJAR MERAH KEMBALI KE TANAH AIR KARYA YUSDJA: NASIONALISME ALA AKTIVIS PERGERAKAN MERAH (The Story of Moetiara Berlumpur and Patjar Merah Kembali ke Tanah Air Written Yusdja: Nationalism in Red Movement Activists Version)". METASASTRA: Jurnal Penelitian Sastra 4, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26610/metasastra.2011.v4i1.15-30.
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Tulisan ini memaparkan tokoh-tokoh Pergerakan Merah dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan dari penjajah Belanda dalam roman Moetiara Berlumpur dan Patjar Merah Kembali ke Tanah Air karya Yusdja. Kedua roman tersebut memberi gambaran peran aktivis Pergerakan Merah yang memperjuangkan nasionalisme atau semangat kebangsaan ala Pergerakan Merah yang beraliran komunis. Bentuk nasionalisme ala Pergerakan Merah itu terefleksi dalam perjuangan yang keras (radikal) dan setia kepada partai. Mereka bergerak di lingkungan kaum buruh dan orang-orang kecil (marginal). Perlawanan para aktivis Pergerakan Merah atas penjajah, yakni dengan cara mengadakan pembongkaran jalan kereta api (Batang Oepamo), memutuskan kawat telepon, dan menghasut kuli-kuli tambang.Abstract:This paper describes the Red Movement leaders in fighting for independence from Dutch colonialists in the Story of Moetiara Berlumpur and Patjar Merah kembali ke Tanah Air written by Yusdja . Both stories illustrate the role of the Red Movement activists fighting for nationalism or national spirit in Red movement version having communist ideology. Form nationalism in Red Movement version was reflected in the hard (radical) and loyal struggle to the party. They moved in the environment of the labor and low class society. The Red Movement activists against the colonialists were done by doing some actions, namely, destroying the railroad (Batang Oepamo), cutting telephone wire, and inciting the mining workers.
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Margolis, Ellis Q., Thomas W. Swetnam e Craig D. Allen. "A stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests of the southern Rocky Mountains". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, n.º 11 (novembro de 2007): 2227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-079.
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Dendroecological techniques were applied to reconstruct stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Fourteen stand-replacing fires were dated to 8 unique fire years (1842–1901) using four lines of evidence at each of 12 sites within the upper Rio Grande Basin. The four lines of evidence were (i) quaking aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) inner-ring dates, (ii) fire-killed conifer bark-ring dates, (iii) tree-ring width changes or other morphological indicators of injury, and (iv) fire scars. The annual precision of dating allowed the identification of synchronous stand-replacing fire years among the sites, and co-occurrence with regional surface fire events previously reconstructed from a network of fire scar collections in lower elevation pine forests across the southwestern United States. Nearly all of the synchronous stand-replacing and surface fire years coincided with severe droughts, because climate variability created regional conditions where stand-replacing fires and surface fires burned across ecosystems. Reconstructed stand-replacing fires that predate substantial Anglo-American settlement in this region provide direct evidence that stand-replacing fires were a feature of high-elevation forests before extensive and intensive land-use practices (e.g., logging, railroad, and mining) began in the late 19th century.
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Kusuma, Widya Liadira, Wu Chih-Da, Zeng Yu-Ting, Handayani Hepi Hapsari e Jaelani Lalu Muhamad. "PM2.5 Pollutant in Asia—A Comparison of Metropolis Cities in Indonesia and Taiwan". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 24 (5 de dezembro de 2019): 4924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244924.
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Air pollution has emerged as a significant health, environmental, economic, and social problem all over the world. In this study, geospatial technologies coupled with a LUR (Land Use Regression) approach were applied to assess the spatial-temporal distribution of fine particulate (PM2.5). In-situ observations of air pollutants from ground monitoring stations from 2016–2018 were used as dependent variables, while the land-use/land cover, a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from a MODIS sensors, and meteorology data allocations surrounding the monitoring stations from 0.25–5 km buffer ranges were collected as spatial predictors from GIS and remote sensing databases. A linear regression method was developed for the LUR model and 10-fold cross-validation was used to assess the model robustness. The R2 model obtained was 56% for DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, and 83% for Taipei Metropolis, Taiwan. According to the results of the PM2.5 model, the essential predictors for DKI Jakarta were influenced by temperature, NDVI, humidity, and residential area, while those for the Taipei Metropolis region were influenced by PM10, NO2, SO2, UV, rainfall, spring, main road, railroad, airport, proximity to airports, mining areas, and NDVI. The validation of the results of the estimated PM2.5 distribution use 10-cross validation with indicated R2 values of 0.62 for DKI Jakarta and 0.84 for Taipei Metropolis. The results of cross-validation show the strength of the model.
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Laugen, R. Todd. "Struggles for the Public Interest: Organized Labor and State Mediation in Postwar America". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 4, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2005): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400003662.
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In his 1906 Annual Message to Congress, President Theodore Roosevelt urged support for a bill to mandate the government investigation of labor disputes before allowing workers to strike. In an “age of great corporate and labor combinations,” the president insisted “the public has itself an interest which can not wisely be disregarded; an interest not merely of general convenience, for the question of a just and proper public policy must also be considered.” Congress at the time was unmoved. Yet Roosevelt's proposal signaled a growing movement to compel the investigation and arbitration of major labor conflicts. This movement peaked in the years soon after World War I. Advocates for government mediation insisted that an impartial commission of experts could peacefully negotiate workplace disputes and spare the consuming public the contests of will and force associated with major strikes. The Progressive Era arbitration of railroad and mining conflicts established important precedents and have received significant attention from scholars. National mediation boards, however, rarely assumed the power to order participation. Such efforts were more prominent at die state level. In 1915 Colorado legislators largely implemented Roosevelt's proposal, creating the first government board with powers to ban strikes and lockouts pending an investigation in industries affected with a public interest. Soon after the war, Kansas expanded upon the Colorado precedent with a compulsory arbitration board to regulate a host of indus-tries deemed essential to the public. Programs for state mediation of labor conflicts in the postwar period were particularly bound up with questions of compulsion in the public interest.
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Majer, Stanisław. "Case Study: Road Embankment Foundation on Weak Organic Soils". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, n.º 3 (1 de novembro de 2021): 032092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032092.
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Abstract The paper presents the problem of embankment foundation during reconstruction and extension of regional road 110 on the section Witomierz - Grądy. On this section the road crosses the valley of meltwater formed during the last Weichselian glaciation. It is a watershed area between the streams Stuchowska Struga and Otoczka Reska. In the Holocene a 961 ha fen peat called Wielki Smogorze has been formed. There are favorable conditions in the area for the formation of fen peats. The thickness of the peats is over 4 m, reaching almost 8.0 m in its peak. Since 1964 the Przybiernówko-Grądy II deposit (402 ha) is continuously exploited. Currently, the deposit is being used by a company called "Lasland". Extraction is conducted on the basis of a relevant concession within a designated mining area of 242.9 ha. The mining concession is valid until the end of 2030. The pits are deep and are located on both sides of the regional road no. 110. Peat is transported by narrow-gauge railroad to the nearby processing plant, where it is sieved, sorted and packed. Based on the analysis of available archival materials, the road as found today was functioning already in the middle of the 19th century. In the 1970s the road was widened to 6.0m In 2003 due to the bad condition of the surface the asphalt layer was renovated by applying a grid and new asphalt layers. During the renovation longitudinal cracks have been reported and there were problems with the compaction of the mix. The direct cause was the shallow layer of peat located just 1.1 - 1.3 m under the road. Conducted renovation did not bring expected results, so in 2019 the documentation for the reconstruction of the road was prepared. Different methods of road foundation were analyzed, from soil replacement through the use of piles. In the end the decision was made to directly settle the embankment with the use of geosynthetics. This study presents a selected solution and shows the results of calculations. Changes during the execution of the reconstruction were discussed. The applied solution allowed for simultaneous functioning of the mining plant and reconstruction of the regional road on the section of 1.2 km. geotextiles and geonets were used. The main argument for such solution was relatively low cost of reconstruction and time of execution. During construction there were problems with obtaining the parameters on the substructure for asphalt layers. Two alternative solutions were proposed, one of which required increasing the thickness of embankment reinforced with geo-mesh and an additional layer of CBGM mix substructure. The solution allowed to meet the design requirements and complete the reconstruction according to the plan without any problems.
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DOLGORMAA, LKHAGVADORJ. "Current state and main issues of economic cooperation between Mongolia and Russia". Korean Association for Mongolian Studies 73 (30 de junho de 2023): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17292/kams.2023.73.253.
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Diplomatic between Mongolia and Russia has developed rapidly from “Good Neighbor Relations” in 1993 to “Comprehensive strategic partnership” in 2019 while overcoming the stagnation during the 1990s through active political exchanges. In order to strengthen strategic cooperation, they have actively promoted policy sharing, which could lead to economic viability. With shared policies and political support, the two countries could increase bilateral trade to $10 billion. Infrastructure, such as the railroad and road transmission networks linking the two countries, was also expected to improve. Mongolia expected to increase exports of key commodities such as meat and knitted fabrics. And Russia has several key fields that it considers important in order to maintain its influence on Mongolia including the transportation sector such as railways, fuel supply and distribution, energy industry such as electricity, and mining industry such as uranium. In recent high-level talks between the two countries, the main agenda is to strengthen economic cooperation in these areas, namely, cooperation between state-owned enterprises, promotion of large-scale projects, human resources training, and expansion of capital investment. In some cases, they have restricted investment by foreign companies or private entities in related businesses. However, bilateral trade between the two countries barely reached to 2 billion US$. It seems that a different approach is needed to visualize the results of large-scale development projects and lead to trade expansion. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent trade relationship between Mongolia and Russia and major policy projects under the premise that the outcome of economic cooperation between the two countries will be shown in trade and investment relations.
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Ivanov, Andrei A. "“The Question of Reinforcing Colonization of the Amur Region Ended in a Single Attempt”: From the Note of the Qualified Representative of the Ministry of Agriculture N. K. Schuman (1916)". Herald of an archivist, n.º 2 (2020): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-427-438.
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This published note of the qualified representative of the Ministry of Agriculture in the Amur region N. K. Schuman (1916) introduces into scientific use valuable information on the results of the Amur River region development in the last years of the Russian Empire and broadens our understanding of the economic policy of the government in the Far East. The author of the note describes basic economic activities in the region (gold mining, forestry, agriculture, process industry, etc.), effects of the railroad construction on the commerce; highlights unsolved problems that hinder economic growth. The note underscores the “yellow peril”; in the author’s opinion, the widespread use of Chinese workers created a number of threats: risk of being stripped of workers, if a conflict occurred with China, usurpation of industries by foreign workers, and their rapacious attitude to Russian resources. The document develops and supplements the project of planned colonization of the Amur River Region, developed by Schuman in 1914, approved by A. V. Krivoshein, and experimentally introduced in the Ulminsk district of the Amur region in 1914-1916. The author of the note concludes that reinforcement of the Russian colonization of the Amur region ended in single attempt; while this high-priority task remained unsolved it was impossible to promote economic prosperity of the region. Schuman’s proposals on state regulation of the resettlement and its transfer from Siberia to Far East (including temporary prohibition of settlement in Siberia) are also of interest. The note is stored in the Russian State Historical Archive of Far East (fond 810); its publication is preceded by an introduction, which reconstructs Schuman’s career and the circumstances in which the published document was created, thus helping to better understand its purpose and content.