Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Minimum wage – united states"
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1
Trendell, Elizabeth. "Living wages in society and literature". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1422360.
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2
Dean, Brian J. "Aviation selection testing : the effect of minimum scores on minorities /". Thesis, access online version, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA307314.
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3
Pegram, Kent. "Regional wage inequality in the United States furniture industry". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040504/.
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4
Yi, Irene. "Wage Implications of Korean Immigration in the United States". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1228.
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This thesis seeks to expand on existing research on wage implications brought on by immigration into the United States, looking particularly at Korean immigration and its effects on wages of native-born workers across the United States. Although other studies have investigated labor market and wage impacts as a result of immigration, there has been limited research on Korean-born immigrants’ direct impacts on native workers and the overall economy. This paper use IPUMS USA as the primary dataset to evaluate specific characteristics of individuals across the country, including the annual income wages for individuals of each working group. After investigating wage trends of different states and counties with varying populations of Korean immigrants, we find statistically significant but marginal wage effects on the annual incomes of native-born workers. We focus on particular regions within the U.S. with differing populations and concentrations of Korean immigrant workers and find a very small correlation that ultimately suggests little to no wage impact as a result of Korean immigrants.
5
Johnston, Robert L. "Collective action and changes in wage labor". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54452.
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This study attempted to address the relative merits of the Weberian and Structural Marxist perspectives for explaining changes in the distribution of wage labor. The findings of the study suggested that many of the common assumptions held by Weberians and Structural Marxists concerning the effects of technological growth, increasing bureaucratization of production, increasing concentration of capital, and growth in the ranks of white-collar workers are not supported with data on manufacturing industries in the post-war era. Moreover, this study introduced collective action as an important determinant for explaining changes in the labor process and in the distribution of wage labor. The findings indicate that workers collective action enhances our understanding of labor process development and changes in wage labor. And, the findings suggest that the struggle between workers and capitalists is vital to understanding the process of capitalist development since World War II, contrary to the popularly held beliefs of many post-industrial theorists.Ph. D.
6
Schroeder, Daniel Gene. "Self-esteem moderates the effect of wage trends on employment tenure". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035977.
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7
Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States". Thesis, Walden University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3596619.
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Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R2 = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.
8
Balkan, Sule 1966. "Social insurance programs and compensating wage differentials in the United States". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282704.
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This dissertation brings together empirical analyses of the impact of social insurance programs on compensating wage differentials under different institutional frameworks. I study three periods: the late nineteenth century prior to the introduction of Unemployment Insurance, the Great Depression when Unemployment Insurance is introduced, and then the recent period, in which UI has been long established. Initially, late nineteenth century labor markets with no social programs for workers were investigated. Three different data sets were analyzed from two different states, Maine and Kansas, to examine the precautionary saving behavior of workers and the wage premium they received for the expected unemployment prevalent in their industry. Results showed that workers were receiving statistically and economically significant wage premiums in two of the three samples. Also, in two of the three samples, households were able to save against expected unemployment using family resources. In the second chapter, after reviewing the historical backgrounds of social insurance programs, namely Workers' Compensation, Compensation for Occupational Diseases, and Unemployment Insurance (UI), the empirical literature about the impacts of these programs on wages is reviewed. Later in the chapter, hours and earnings data for various manufacturing industries across forty-eight states for the years 1933-1939 are brought together with the state UI, Workers' Compensation, and Compensation for Occupational Diseases provisions to test the impact of these laws on wage rates. The economic history and origins of UI have not been elaborated before and no previous study has analyzed the simultaneous impacts of different social insurance programs. Results showed that higher accident rates, limited working hours and the higher regional cost of living had a positive impact on wages. Workers' Compensation continued to have a negative impact on wages. During its infancy, UI benefits did not have a statistically significant effect on wages. The last chapter analyzes the impact of UI and the unemployment rate for the labor market of the worker on wage rates using micro level modern data. Results from the analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth suggest that expected UI benefits have a negative and statistically significant impact on wages, holding worker and labor market characteristics constant. However, the unemployment rate of the labor market did not have a statistically significant impact on wages.
9
Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States". ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1079.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R2 = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.
10
Qin, Bibin. "Wage earnings of Chinese in the United States: individual and contextual determinants". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3213.
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The objective of this dissertation is to identify both individual and contextual
characteristics that may affect the wage earnings of Chinese in the U.S. labor market.
The major individual characteristics include education, labor experience, and English
ability; the contextual factors include percent of Chinese Americans, percent of Asian
Americans, percent of nonwhites, percent of Chinese-owned businesses, occupational
and residential segregation between Chinese and whites, and unemployment rate.
Using the combined data of one percent and five percent 2000 Public Use
Microdata Samples for 70 metropolitan areas, hierarchical linear models (HLM) were
run for three groups of Chinese: native-born, foreign-born U.S. citizens, and foreignborn
non-U.S. citizens. The results show that the returns to education are highest for the
native-borns but lowest for the non-U.S. citizens. A command of good English benefits
recent immigrants more than the native-borns. Labor experience tends to bring positive
gains to both native-born and foreign-born U.S. citizens but shows no effects on earnings of foreign-born non-U.S. citizens. The results support both the human capital and
assimilation perspectives.
The HLM results indicate that occupational segregation from majority whites
tends to impose a strong and negative effect on the earnings of native-born Chinese; a
higher percentage of Chinese-owned businesses tends to increase the earnings of only
foreign-born U.S. citizens; unemployment rate is likely to depress the wage earnings of
the foreign-borns but not the native-borns. This suggests that Chinese workers with a
different immigration history face the labor market differently. Residential segregation,
percent of Chinese Americans, percent of Asian Americans, and percent of nonwhites,
do not show any direct effects.
Occupational segregation, the percent of Chinese-owned businesses, and the
representation of the Chinese population are found to impact earnings indirectly through
the individual characteristics. All these findings suggest that contextual factors do not
necessarily impose direct effects on wage earnings; however, they may transfer their
effects onto earnings via individual characteristics.
This study represents an attempt to bring new insights into earnings attainment
models and an addition to the meager body of knowledge concerning both individual and
contextual factors that may affect the earnings process of a minority group in the United
States. The strengths of using the HLM techniques, the limitations of the study, as well
as issues for future study, were also discussed.
11
Ahdab, Yvana D. (Yvana Daniella). "Desalination of brackish groundwater in the United States : minimum energy requirements". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111776.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-122).
Water scarcity around the globe has motivated rising interest in desalinating brackish groundwater to meet fresh water demand. Various organizations in the United States have collected more hydrological and chemical data from the growing number of wells. Yet, only one national assessment of groundwater resource distribution and availability has been conducted in the United States since the 1960s, and no national assessment has been conducted on the energy costs required to make brackish groundwater potable. Because the ionic composition of groundwater varies significantly from location to location, unlike seawater, conducting site-specific analyses of the resource across the U.S. is necessary. This thesis uses chemical and physical data from a U.S. Geological Survey dataset compiled in 2017, including samples from over 100,000 groundwater wells across the United States, to carry out a nationwide investigation of brackish groundwater composition and minimum desalination energy costs. Beginning with a full Pitzer-Kim mixed electrolyte model, we develop a thermodynamic analysis of the least work of separation in order to compute the site-specific least work of separation required for groundwater desalination. Least work of separation represents a baseline for specific energy consumption of real-world desalination systems. Then, we study the geographic distribution of least work of separation to determine areas with both low least work of separation and high water stress. These regions hold potential for desalination to decrease the disparity between high water demand and low water supply. We develop simplified equations for least work as a function of recovery ratio and the following parameters: total dissolved solids, specific conductance, ionic strength, and molality. Lastly, we examine the effects of groundwater composition on minimum energy costs, and the geographic distribution of total dissolved solids, well depth and major ions.
by Yvana D. Ahdab.
S.M.
12
Ahdab, Yvana D. (Yvana Daniella). "Desalination of brackish groundwater in the United States : minimum energy requirements". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111776.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-122).
Water scarcity around the globe has motivated rising interest in desalinating brackish groundwater to meet fresh water demand. Various organizations in the United States have collected more hydrological and chemical data from the growing number of wells. Yet, only one national assessment of groundwater resource distribution and availability has been conducted in the United States since the 1960s, and no national assessment has been conducted on the energy costs required to make brackish groundwater potable. Because the ionic composition of groundwater varies significantly from location to location, unlike seawater, conducting site-specific analyses of the resource across the U.S. is necessary. This thesis uses chemical and physical data from a U.S. Geological Survey dataset compiled in 2017, including samples from over 100,000 groundwater wells across the United States, to carry out a nationwide investigation of brackish groundwater composition and minimum desalination energy costs. Beginning with a full Pitzer-Kim mixed electrolyte model, we develop a thermodynamic analysis of the least work of separation in order to compute the site-specific least work of separation required for groundwater desalination. Least work of separation represents a baseline for specific energy consumption of real-world desalination systems. Then, we study the geographic distribution of least work of separation to determine areas with both low least work of separation and high water stress. These regions hold potential for desalination to decrease the disparity between high water demand and low water supply. We develop simplified equations for least work as a function of recovery ratio and the following parameters: total dissolved solids, specific conductance, ionic strength, and molality. Lastly, we examine the effects of groundwater composition on minimum energy costs, and the geographic distribution of total dissolved solids, well depth and major ions.
by Yvana D. Ahdab.
S.M.
13
Hossain, Mahmood. "Immigration and its impact on the wage gap in the United States". Thesis, Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2408.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the effect that immigrants have on the wagegap
in the United States. Immigrants have been defined in this research as individuals
who have been born outside the United States whereas non-immigrants are individuals
who are born in the United States and thus have automatic citizenship. The conceptual
model has been divided into three component parts consisting of the Individual
segment, the Structural segment and the Discrimination/Disadvantaged Groups
segment. Various literatures on the subject of immigrants and the wages they earn
argue that there is devaluation and sorting that takes place.
Data for this thesis has been obtained from the 2008 Current Population Survey
(CPS). An univariate and bivariate analysis was performed which showed that, among
other variables, immigrants are more likely to be younger and have fewer years of
education than non-immigrants. Data from this analysis also showed that immigrants
are more likely to have at least a High School diploma. An Ordinary Least Squares
(OLS) Regression analysis was also performed for this thesis. The resultant data shows
that immigrants indeed earn fewer wages than non-immigrants. In addition, the data
shows that the Individual model segment has a greater effect on the immigrants groups
than it does for the non-immigrants.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology
14
Mora, Ricardo. "Use of regression trees in the study of nonparametric wage structures". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2605/.
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This study is concerned with the application of multivariate nonparametric models known as regression trees to the analysis of the U.S. wage structure. In Chapter 1, I first review regression trees and other available multivariate nonparametric techniques, highlighting their differences and common features. In the second part of Chapter 1, I look at the literature on the U.S. wage structure in connection with the issue of functional specification and argue that regression trees is particularly well suited for analyzing wage structures. In Chapter 2, I implement regression trees on U.S. wages for white male workers to estimate experience-wage profiles and unveil local sudden breaks in the profiles at the end of the working life. For 1980, these breaks account for about 50% of the negative average differential between the last two experience groups. This effect decreases continuously until 1995. In Chapter 3 I propose a simple extension of the Oaxaca-type average wage gap decompositions between any two groups of workers. This procedure can be carried out without any compromise in the interpretation using a nonparametric wage structure. I then study wage gap decompositions for Mexican workers in the U.S. labor market. Finally, in Chapter 4 I apply regression trees to study both the relative growth performance of workers' real wages and the sources of wage dispersion and its evolution in the U.S. from 1980 onwards. On trends, the technique uncovers a linear structure for the growth experience of white workers with less than forty years of experience. On dispersion, at least 10% of the increase in observed variance came from changes in the structure of wages itself.
15
Williams, Kelly Ann. "Alternative minimum tax: A middle class burden". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2960.
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Since its inception in 1969, the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) has been utilized to keep taxpayers with higher income from taking advantage of loopholes and paying little or no income tax. This project presents an outline of what the AMT is, how it is calculated, and its history; and also illustrates why the AMT is no longer viable today.
16
Nachmani, Gil. "Minimum-energy flight paths for UAVs using mesoscale wind forecasts and approximate dynamic programming". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FNachmani.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Royset, Johannes O. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available in print.
17
Curtis, Amanda Kay. ""Minimum essential adjustments": gender, physicality, and equality at the United States Military Academy, 1976-1980". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2468.
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This study investigates the ways in which understandings of gender, physicality and equality influenced policy and thus constructed the identities and experiences of female cadets during the 1976 integration of women into the United States Military Academy at West Point. Policy decisions and the way in which they were put into practice set the precedent for all subsequent female cadets and so it is important to explore their origins and early impact. West Point is an ideal setting in which to explore two historically masculinist institutions, sport and the military, during a time when the women's movement was cresting and the military was redefining itself in a new post-Vietnam voluntary military. An exploration of the changing gender dynamics as this elite male military institution became co-ed at a particular historical moment shows that physicality was more integral to the process of integrating women than actual military training was.
This study is based on archival research conducted at the Special Collections and Archives of USMA and the personal accounts of female cadets who attended West Point from 1976-1980 to produce a qualitative picture of the integration of women into West Point. Focusing on military training, physical education, athletics, and covert training I found that women generally performed equally to men in military training yet struggled in certain aspects of physical training which seemed to validate those who doubted women's ability to be successful cadets. Women were also excluded from important physical activities because of "physiological differences," something that further served to separate them and construct them as "different" and "lesser." Based on the Academy's policy and practice with regard to physical training, along with a number of related matters, I conclude that while women were given equality in most respects, those in which they were not served to make them a second-class tier of cadet and soldier, judged not on combat and military skill and potential but rather on physical capabilities and attributes. As a consequence, even though West Point integrated women it did so in a way that served to protect the symbolic role of combat associated with masculinity.
18
Tao, Yu. "The earnings of Asian computer scientists and engineers in the United States". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29633.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--History, Technology and Society, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Pearson, Willie, Jr.; Committee Member: Bauchspies, Wenda; Committee Member: Damarin, Amanda; Committee Member: Shapira, Philip; Committee Member: Wong, Raymong. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
19
Sanchez, Paul. "Coming of Age: A Look at Minimum Age Requirements in Professional Sports". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/802.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
20
Cengizoglu, Gonca. "Effect of Firm Size on Female Earnings". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500428/.
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There are various factors effecting females' wage level such as marital status, occupation, education, and experience. This paper also includes firm size and answers the questions: What effect does firm size have on female earnings? Is that effect different for black than white females?
21
Dunn, Dana. "Gender and Earnings: Examining the Earnings Gap Between Men and Women Across Metropolitan Labor Markets". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331372/.
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The earnings gap between men and women, an apt indicator of women's status relative to men's, was roughly constant for the thirty-five years between 1950 and 1985. During this period women earned about 60 to 65 cents for every dollar earned by men. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of this wage gap. Because much existing research suggests that a large portion of the gender gap in pay results from the segregation of women into low-paying jobs, the present study focuses on the role of gender segregation in the workplace. Other potential contributors to the earnings gap are also examined (women's domestic obligations, educational attainment, women's labor force participation rates, and the industrial mix in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas). The position of women as a group in the labor market is of primary interest in this research. Accordingly, the analysis was conducted on an aggregate level across labor markets. The data were drawn from the Bureau of the Census Census of the Population: 1980—Detailed Population Characteristics. The project uses a cross-sectional research design, the primary statistical technique used being multiple regression analysis. Findings reveal that workplace segregation and the industrial characteristics of SMSA labor markets have the strongest effect on the size of the gender-based earnings gap. Specifically, workplace segregation is positively related to the size of the earnings gap between men and women. The presence of above average levels of manufacturing activity in an SMSA is associated with a larger earnings gap while the presence of above average levels of service sector and government employment opportunities in an SMSA is associated with smaller earnings differentials between men and women. This study enhances the understanding of the effects of structural variables on the earnings determination process for men and women and provides insight into the collective situation of women in the labor market.
22
Deva, Saloni, e Tobias Sondefors. "Wage Convergence : The case of Mexico and the United States of America as a result of the North American Free Trade Agreement". Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1608.
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As discussed in the factor-price equalization theorem, prices, and thus wages, tend to equalize as a result of trade between two countries. The focus of this thesis is to perform a time series regression in order to evaluate whether wage convergence has taken place between Mexico and the United Sates of America due to the establishment of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. The authors of this thesis conclude that wage convergence did take place between the two countries in question, since the slopes found using the regression are mostly positive, indicating an increasing real wage ratio between Mexico and the United States of America.
23
Lauritsen, Ryan Gerald. "Environmental Factors Influencing 20th Century Diurnal Temperature Range Variations". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300723909.
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Levionnois, Charlotte. "The employment conditions of native-born people with immigrant parents : a comparison between France and The United States". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E042/document.
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Cette thèse propose une analyse empirique et comparative des conditions d’emploi des descendants d’immigrés en France et aux États-Unis. L’objectif est de mieux caractériser l’intégration sur le marché du travail des descendants d’immigrés, en adoptant une approche multidimensionnelle. La comparaison entre la France et les États-Unis permet de mettre en lumière les dimensions sur lesquelles portent les inégalités en termes de conditions d’emploi entre les descendants d’immigrés et de natifs dans chacun des pays, afin de mieux spécifier ces inégalités. Notre analyse explore dans un premier chapitre, le déclassement professionnel, dans un deuxième chapitre, trois aspects de la sécurité socio-économique de la qualité de l’emploi et enfin, dans un dernier chapitre, la distribution des écarts de salaire. Bien que des écarts en termes de conditions d’emploi existent dans les deux pays en défaveur des descendants d’immigrés, ces écarts ne semblent pas être le résultat d’inégalités mais plutôt d’effets de structure, telles que les différences d’âge ou de niveau d’éducation entre les deux groupes. Les professions et secteurs d’activité dans lesquels les descendants d’immigrés travaillent expliquent aussi ces écarts. Les résultats montrent des similarités entre les deux pays : une fois le biais de sélection à l’accès à l’emploi pris en compte, le fait d’avoir des parents immigrés n’a pas d’effet significatif sur le déclassement professionnel (chapitre 1) mais un effet positif et significatif sur le salaire (chapitre 2). En revanche, les deux pays se distinguent sur plusieurs points. En France, être descendant d’immigrés contribue à significativement freiner l’accès à l’emploi et à diminuer la sécurité de l’emploi. En revanche, aux États-Unis cela a un effet négatif uniquement sur le temps de travail (chapitre 2). Cette thèse défend la prise en compte de l’hétérogénéité qui existe au sein de la population des descendants d’immigrés en termes de pays d’origine de leurs parents. En effet, des effets contradictoires selon le pays d’origine des parents peuvent conduire à des effets non significatifs au niveau agrégé, comme c’est le cas pour le déclassement par exemple. Le dernier chapitre montre un écart salarial plus marqué pour les bas salaires dans les deux pays, avec toutefois comme différence majeure que ce qui reste inobservable contribue à diminuer l’écart salarial entre descendants de natifs et d’immigrés aux États-Unis mais à l’augmenter en FranceThe comparison between France and the United States shows how the inequalities in terms of employment conditions between descendants of immigrants and of native-born persons differ.This thesis proposes an empirical and comparative analysis of the employment conditions of immigrants’ offspring in France and in the United States. The goal is to better characterise the labour market integration of immigrants’ offspring, taking a multidimensional approach. The comparison between France and the United States highlight the dimensions of inequalities in terms of employment conditions between the descendants of immigrants and of native-born in each of country, henceforth improving the characterisation of these inequalities. Our analysis explores overeducation in a first chapter, in a second chapter, three aspects of the socio-economic security of job quality and in a final chapter, the distribution of wage differentials. Although differences in terms of employment conditions exist in both countries to the detriment of immigrants’ offspring, these differences do not appear to be the result of inequalities but rather of structural effects such as differences in age or education level between the two groups. The occupations and sectors of activity in which descendants of immigrants work also explain these differences. The results show similarities between the two countries. Once the selection bias to access employment is taken into account, having immigrant parents has no significant effect on overeducation (chapter 1) but a positive and significant effect on wages (chapter 2). On the other hand, the two countries differ on several points. In France, having immigrant parents significantly restricts the access to employment and lowers job security. However, in the United States, there is a negative effect only on working time (chapter 2). This thesis advocates for the consideration of the heterogeneity that exists within the population immigrants’ offspring, according to their parents’country of origin. Indeed, contradictory effects according to the parents’ country of origin may lead to non-significant effects at the aggregate level, as is the case for overeducation, for example. The final chapter shows a wider wage gap for low-wage workers in the two countries. Nevertheless, the major difference between the two countries is that the unobservable component contributes to narrowing the wage gap between natives and of immigrants but to increasing it in France
25
Liu, Liqun. "Pre-market characteristics, gender wage disparities, and the performance of minorities in the United States labor market Application and comparison of non-parametric methodologies on a highly-educated sample /". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Coles, Sylvia Mary. "Minimum wage legislation, training and personnel policies: a comparison between law and practice in South Africa and the United States America". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16985.
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Amongst the manpower problems facing South Africa at the
end of the 1970's, are the prevalence of poverty amongst
a large proportion of the population, a shortage of
skilled labour combined with a surplus of unskilled
labour, and a need to establish equal opportunities for
all members of the labour force in all sectors of the
economy.
These same three problems (with some differences in
emphasis) were also recognised in the United States of
America in the period following the Second World War.
Various groups, from social reform organisations to the
Federal Government, initiated concerted and large-scale
projects in an attempt to solvt* the problems. Voluntary
efforts were made by both the public and private sectors,
while legal measures were introduced to provide the
necessary and relevant backing. Some twenty years later
poverty, under-utilisatior of manpower and unequal
employment opportunities, are no longer problems of such
magnitude.
Because the US has not only experienced the same problems
as South Africa, but has also found solutions to them, it
was logical to study the US situation and to compare it
with the South African one.
This research rBport concentrates on the use and
effectiveness of minimum wage legislation in combating
poverty; of training schemes in alleviating both aspects
of the skill problem; and of personnel practices in
creating an environment in which equal opportunities is
a meaningful concept for all workers.
It was found that US minimum wage legislation does not,
by itself, cause general unemployment, because not all
sectors of the economy are subject to the laws. However
certain groups of workers have experienced higher rates
of unemployment, and the relatively high minimum wage
appears to have been a contributory factor.
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Ackroyd, James. "Wage convergence between the United States and Mexico post-NAFTA". 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3623.
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Wang, Qiuyan. "Essays on welfare use, the wage gap and unemployment transitions in the United States". 2004. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-467/index.html.
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Saltis, Zachary Alexandre. "The economic consequences of declining real wages in the United States, 1970-2010". 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4903.
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The present thesis is a study of the economic consequences of declining real wages in the United States. It proposes that, when the real wages of the majority of the U.S. workforce declined in the 1970s, 1980s and the first half of the 1990s, household labour supply increased. Consequently, real family income in the bottom eighty percent of the income distribution rose. Wage-earning households were not only struggling to maintain their acquired standard of living as real wages were declining, but they were also, perhaps more importantly, trying to raise their standard of living. It was precisely when household labour supply hit a ceiling in the second half of the 1990s, that household debt exploded. Surging household debt from the late 1990s until 2007 – driven primarily by home mortgage debt – suggests that the culturally powerful “American Dream” motivated wage-earning households to seek and expect a continuously rising standard of living via home ownership even in the face of topped out work hours and historically low real wages.
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Dominicis, Piero De. "Routinization and Covid-19: a comparison between United States and Portugal". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/111665.
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Earnings inequality has been increasing in Portugal and United States in the last 30years and with the recent pandemic outbreak this trend is likely to reach even higher levels. The purpose of this paper is to identify what is the role of automatization in increasing wage inequality, making a comparison between the two countries. Using PSID and Quadros de Pessoal, we find that labor income dynamics are strongly determined by the variance of the individual fixed component. This effect is drastically reduced by adding information on workers’ occupational tasks, confirming that decreasing price of capital and the consequent replacement of routine manual worker shave deepened wage inequality. During the current crisis, we find that the ability to keep working is strongly related with the occupation type. As such, we simulate the impact of a permanent demand shock using an overlapping-generations model with incomplete markets and heterogeneous agents to quantitatively predict the impact ofCovid-19 and lockdown measures on wage premium and earnings inequality. We find that wage premia and earnings dispersion increase, suggesting that earnings inequality will increase at the expenses of manual workers.
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Irarrazabal, Alfonso A. "Essays on growth, trade and producer heterogeneity". 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/236925888.html.
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Lo, Lan, e 羅嵐. "Employee's wage claims in bankruptcy Act and comparing with the Bankruptcy Laws in Taiwan and in the United States, Japan and Germany". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eue6fy.
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碩士國立中央大學
產業經濟研究所
106
Since the industrial revolution has begun in the 18th century, the concept of the capitalists and the labors emerged. The capitalists are dominant in labor relations, because of wealth and production tools. After the rise of labor consciousness in the 19th century, countries began to protect their labor’s rights by legislation, social insurance, and other methods. Taiwan has also followed the trend and formulated relevant legislation and policies, and Labor Standards Act is the most important of all. However, in recent years, due to the economic downturn, the companies have experienced mismanagement or even forced into bankruptcy. Most companies have some mortgages, and when the debtor paid off mortgages and procedural fees, there was very little left, and it was almost impossible to pay all the overdue wage claims and other debts, that was the reason why many labors want to protest themselves. Considering the protection of the rights of labor by the Constitution, most scholars advocate that priority should be given to the labor wage claims. Consider the long-term economic development, if wage claims were given priority over mortgages, it will reduce banks’ willingness to lend money to other companies or persons, blocking the financing channels and ceasing the economic development. Compared to International legislation, Taiwan’s labor protection policy is overprotected. Other than that, the policy is also insufficient. So there is room for improvement; we should protect employees by providing related statutes in Labor Standards Act and Bankruptcy Act simultaneously. In the case of the sequences between wage claims and mortgages, there are three suggestions worthy considering to carry out. First, the method of classifying wage claims from different types of labors. Second, reducing the excessive protection of labor wage claim step by step. Third, the government should supply other complete social insurance or social policies to truly ensure that the labors can be passed on to the relevant risks and to obtain the overdue wage as much as possible he or she can. From all of these suggestions, I think the labor will be protected more properly.
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Stevens, Gale Patrick. "Training and selection of police officers: toward a community police model". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1757.
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In the study of Training and Selection of Police Officers: Toward a Community Police Model the researcher relied on data gathered using questionnaires distributed in a broad geographical range and among a diverse but relevant respondent population. Samples were obtained from police officers, and candidate officers in training and citizens from the southeastern and northeastern sections of the United States.
Overall accuracy of survey documents is believed to be high. Survey documents were tested using a Chronbach's alpha test for validity and were constructed around a Likert type scale for responses. Analysis of data was accomplished using a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Tukey post hoc test with a .05 level of significance.
Outcomes suggested a relationship between more conservative belief patterns among police officers and their post secondary education levels. Additional possibilities were noted in the overall training systems related to the police respondents as in alignment with current needs for traditional policing but, not necessarily adequate for community policing needs. These views also proceeded along educational lines. In addition, outcomes of researched based secondary education models constructed during the research, and even European models for police selection and training may offer some solutions for police in the United States. Other valuable points found during the study were indicators that careful personnel selection and college education when found in predominance among members, seemed to positively alter the general working environment of one police agency involved in the study.Political Practice
D.Litt. et Phil.(Police Science)
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Bélisle, Marie. "Warren, Rhode Island : l'évolution d'une petite communauté canadienne-française établie en Nouvelle-Angleterre, 1895-1910". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6920.
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Aux lendemains de la Guerre de Sécession, le petit centre manufacturier de Warren, dans l’État du Rhode Island, attira plusieurs immigrants canadiens-français en quête de travail. Ces derniers s’organiseront rapidement en établissant un réseau paroissial, en fondant plusieurs sociétés mutuelles et en multipliant les commerces prêts à desservir une clientèle francophone de plus en plus nombreuse.
Les premiers stades de développement de la communauté (1888-1895) avaient déjà été observés par Jean Lamarre dans le cadre de son mémoire de maîtrise (1985). D’une part, le chercheur avait remarqué un phénomène graduel d’enracinement des paroissiens et, d’autre part, l’analyse de leur profil socio-économique indiquait qu’ils travaillaient majoritairement à la filature.
Par cette étude, nous avons voulu revisiter cette communauté au moment où sa présence dans le paysage industriel et urbain de Warren apparaît consolidée. Grâce aux listes nominatives du recensement fédéral de 1910 et aux publications gouvernementales parues à la même époque, nous évaluons l’ampleur des changements socio-économiques transformant la communauté en l’espace d’une quinzaine d’années. L’observation du processus d’intégration des Canadiens français à l’environnement industriel est complétée par une analyse de l’apport des femmes et des enfants au ménage ouvrier. Les conclusions principales de cette étude démontrent que malgré l’attrait indéniable que représente encore et toujours le secteur manufacturier auprès de nombreux travailleurs, les Canadiens français jouissent en 1910 d’une qualité de vie généralement supérieure à celle qui caractérisait leurs débuts au sein de la localité. Leur situation socio-économique s’apparentera d’ailleurs davantage à celle des anglophones de Warren, Yankees et Irlandais, que de celle des représentants de la « nouvelle vague d’immigration » (Polonais, Italiens et Portugais).In the aftermath of the Civil War, the small manufacturing center of Warren, Rhode Island, attracted many French Canadians immigrants in search of work and economic betterment. They rapidly organized themselves by establishing a parish network, by founding several mutual aid societies and by multiplying shops that were ready to welcome more and more customers. The early stages of development of the community (1888-1895) have already been observed by Jean Lamarre in his Master’s thesis (1895). On one hand, the researcher noticed a gradual process of settlement occurring among the parishioners and, on the other hand, the analysis of their socio-economic profile indicated that most of them worked in the cotton mills. By this study, we wanted to revisit this community when its presence in Warren’s industrial and urban area seemed consolidated. Through a systematic use of the unpublished nominative lists from the 1910 Federal Census of the United States as well as published government documents, this thesis assesses the extent of socio-economic changes that have transformed the community over the course of fifteen years. The observation of the integration process of French Canadian into the industrial environment is supplemented by an analysis of women and children’s contribution into the household economy. The main conclusions of this study show that despite the fact that a significant proportion of workers are still employed in the manufacturing sector, the French Canadian population of Warren mainly enjoys a better quality of life in 1910 than in the earlier era. Their socio-economic situation places them closer to their Yankees and Irish neighbours than to their “new immigration” counterparts (Poles, Italians, Portuguese).
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Koenigsknecht, Theresa A. ""But the half can never be told" : the lives of Cannelton's Cotton Mill women workers". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4655.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)From 1851 to 1954, under various names, the Indiana Cotton Mills was the dominant industry in the small town of Cannelton, Indiana, mostly employing women and children. The female industrial laborers who worked in this mill during the middle and end of the nineteenth century represent an important and overlooked component of midwestern workers. Women in Cannelton played an essential role in Indiana’s transition from small scale manufacturing in the 1850s to large scale industrialization at the turn of the century. In particular, this work will provide an in-depth exploration of female operatives’ primary place in Cannelton society, their essential economic contributions to their families, and the unique tactics they used in attempts to achieve better working conditions in the mill. It will also explain the small changes in women’s work experiences from 1854 to 1884, and how ultimately marriage, not industrial work, determined the course of their later lives.