Bibliografias temáticas / Minimum wage – united states

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Minimum wage – united states"

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Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Minimum wage – united states"

1

Neumark, David. "The Econometrics and Economics of the Employment Effects of Minimum Wages: Getting from Known Unknowns to Known Knowns". German Economic Review 20, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2019): 293–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12184.

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Abstract I discuss the econometrics and the economics of past research on the effects of minimum wages on employment in the United States. My intent is to try to identify key questions raised in the recent literature, and some from the earlier literature, which I think hold the most promise for understanding the conflicting evidence and arriving at a more definitive answer about the employment effects of minimum wages. My secondary goal is to discuss how we can narrow the range of uncertainty about the likely effects of the large minimum wage increases becoming more prevalent in the United States. I discuss some insights from both theory and past evidence that may be informative about the effects of high minimum wages, and try to emphasize what research can be done now and in the near future to provide useful evidence to policymakers on the results of the coming high minimum wage experiment, whether in the United States or in other countries.
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Derenoncourt, Ellora, e Claire Montialoux. "Minimum Wages and Racial Inequality*". Quarterly Journal of Economics 136, n.º 1 (14 de setembro de 2020): 169–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa031.

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Abstract The earnings difference between white and black workers fell dramatically in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This article shows that the expansion of the minimum wage played a critical role in this decline. The 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act extended federal minimum wage coverage to agriculture, restaurants, nursing homes, and other services that were previously uncovered and where nearly a third of black workers were employed. We digitize over 1,000 hourly wage distributions from Bureau of Labor Statistics industry wage reports and use CPS microdata to investigate the effects of this reform on wages, employment, and racial inequality. Using a cross-industry difference-in-differences design, we show that earnings rose sharply for workers in the newly covered industries. The impact was nearly twice as large for black workers as for white workers. Within treated industries, the racial gap adjusted for observables fell from 25 log points prereform to 0 afterward. We can rule out significant disemployment effects for black workers. Using a bunching design, we find no aggregate effect of the reform on employment. The 1967 extension of the minimum wage can explain more than 20% of the reduction in the racial earnings and income gap during the civil rights era. Our findings shed new light on the dynamics of labor market inequality in the United States and suggest that minimum wage policy can play a critical role in reducing racial economic disparities.
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Butcher, Kristin F., e John Dinardo. "The Immigrant and Native-Born Wage Distributions: Evidence from United States Censuses". ILR Review 56, n.º 1 (outubro de 2002): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390205600106.

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Recent studies document a large widening of the immigrant/native-born mean wage gap since about 1970, a trend that some observers ascribe to post-1965 changes in U.S. immigration policy. These studies are limited, however, by their exclusive focus on men, which ignores important gender differences in the wage gap, and by the inadequacy of the mean wage for characterizing the gap when, as in recent decades, the wage distribution dramatically changes. This study of recent immigrants examines changes across the entire wage distribution, for both genders. The authors find evidence, based partly on gender differences, that minimum wages strongly influenced the gap. A counterfactual analysis also indicates that if recent immigrants in 1970 had faced the 1990 wage structure, their wage distribution would have closely resembled that of recent immigrants in 1990. These and other results suggest that the increasing wage gap is linked to changes in the wage structure.
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Cuecuecha, Alfredo, Norma Fuentes-Mayorga e Darryl McLeod. "Do minimum wages help explain declining Mexico-U.S. migration?" Migraciones internacionales 12 (15 de dezembro de 2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2326.

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This paper finds that minimumwagesof the United States and Mexicomeasured carefully in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) help explain the well-documented post-2010 fall in Mexico-U.S.migration. Declining inequality also plays a role since the purchasing power of the minimum wage increased relative to the average wage in Mexico. Using time-series data,we find two positive partial correlations between minimum wages and net migration: one driven by wage differentials between the two countries and the other by wage inequality in Mexico. However, these results are found to be mediated through migrantsocial networks. Though relative wages are a classic migration driver,this paper is the first to explore the full minimum-average wagenexus. One clear policy implication of these results is that maintaining the real purchasing power of minimum wages helps reducemigration.An in-depth analysis is needed to demonstrate the causality of these correlations.
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Stevans, Lonnie K., e David N. Sessions. "Minimum Wage Policy and Poverty in the United States". International Review of Applied Economics 15, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2001): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692170120013358.

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Pargianas, Christos. "Education and the minimum wage in the United States". Applied Economics Letters 25, n.º 7 (24 de maio de 2017): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1332738.

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Santiago, Carlos E. "The Migratory Impact of Minimum Wage Legislation: Puerto Rico, 1970–1987". International Migration Review 27, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1993): 772–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700403.

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Minimum wage research has historically focused on labor mobility between covered and uncovered labor markets within a geographic area. This study examines the impact of minimum wage setting on labor migration. A multiple time series framework is applied to monthly data for Puerto Rico from 1970–1987. The results show that net emigration from Puerto Rico to the United States fell in response to significant changes in the manner in which minimum wage policy was conducted, particularly after 1974. The extent of commuter type labor migration between Puerto Rico and the United States is influenced by minimum wage policy, with potentially important consequences for human capital investment and long-term standards of living.
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Cengiz, Doruk, Arindrajit Dube, Attila Lindner e Ben Zipperer. "The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs*". Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, n.º 3 (2 de maio de 2019): 1405–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz014.

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Abstract We estimate the effect of minimum wages on low-wage jobs using 138 prominent state-level minimum wage changes between 1979 and 2016 in the United States using a difference-in-differences approach. We first estimate the effect of the minimum wage increase on employment changes by wage bins throughout the hourly wage distribution. We then focus on the bottom part of the wage distribution and compare the number of excess jobs paying at or slightly above the new minimum wage to the missing jobs paying below it to infer the employment effect. We find that the overall number of low-wage jobs remained essentially unchanged over the five years following the increase. At the same time, the direct effect of the minimum wage on average earnings was amplified by modest wage spillovers at the bottom of the wage distribution. Our estimates by detailed demographic groups show that the lack of job loss is not explained by labor-labor substitution at the bottom of the wage distribution. We also find no evidence of disemployment when we consider higher levels of minimum wages. However, we do find some evidence of reduced employment in tradeable sectors. We also show how decomposing the overall employment effect by wage bins allows a transparent way of assessing the plausibility of estimates.
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Buszkiewicz, James H., Heather D. Hill e Jennifer J. Otten. "Association of State Minimum Wage Rates and Health in Working-Age Adults Using the National Health Interview Survey". American Journal of Epidemiology 190, n.º 1 (10 de fevereiro de 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa018.

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Abstract States adopt minimum wages to improve workers’ economic circumstances and well-being. Many studies, but not all, find evidence of health benefits from higher minimum wages. This study used a rigorous “triple difference” strategy to identify the associations between state minimum wages and adult obesity, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2), hypertension, diabetes, fair or poor health, and serious psychological distress. National Health Interview Survey data (United States, 2008–2015) on adults aged 25–64 years (n = 131,430) were linked to state policies to estimate the prevalence odds ratio or mean difference in these outcomes associated with a $1 increase in current and 2-year lagged minimum wage among less-educated adults overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. In contrast to prior studies, there was no association between current minimum wage and health; however, 2-year lagged minimum wage was positively associated with the likelihood of obesity (prevalence odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.16) and with elevated body mass index (mean difference = 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.04, 0.49). In subgroup models, current and 2-year lagged minimum wage were associated with a higher likelihood of obesity among male and non-White or Hispanic adults. The associations with hypertension also varied by sex and the timing of the exposure.
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Wescher, Lance, Travis Hutchinson e Anna Rannou. "Minimum Wages, Employment, and College Enrollment". American Economist 64, n.º 1 (20 de julho de 2018): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434518787485.

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Most studies of the effects of minimum wage laws look exclusively at the labor market. This article investigates the less-researched topic of the effects of a minimum wage increase on enrollment in undergraduate higher education institutions in the United States. With a higher opportunity cost of pursuing an education given a higher minimum wage, potential students may opt to work instead of attend college. Conversely, if an increase in the minimum wage raises the unemployment rate for young workers, more people may enroll in college, as they are unable to find employment. Using restricted geocode variables and panel data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) over a period of time in which every state saw an increase in its effective minimum wage, we find that higher minimum wages do correspond to lower levels of college enrollment. We use a multinomial probit model to examine how tradeoffs are made between employment and college enrollment. Finally, we examine the transition path between college enrollment and employment. JEL Classification: I23, J24, and E24.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Minimum wage – united states"

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Trendell, Elizabeth. "Living wages in society and literature". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1422360.

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Dean, Brian J. "Aviation selection testing : the effect of minimum scores on minorities /". Thesis, access online version, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA307314.

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Pegram, Kent. "Regional wage inequality in the United States furniture industry". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040504/.

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Yi, Irene. "Wage Implications of Korean Immigration in the United States". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1228.

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This thesis seeks to expand on existing research on wage implications brought on by immigration into the United States, looking particularly at Korean immigration and its effects on wages of native-born workers across the United States. Although other studies have investigated labor market and wage impacts as a result of immigration, there has been limited research on Korean-born immigrants’ direct impacts on native workers and the overall economy. This paper use IPUMS USA as the primary dataset to evaluate specific characteristics of individuals across the country, including the annual income wages for individuals of each working group. After investigating wage trends of different states and counties with varying populations of Korean immigrants, we find statistically significant but marginal wage effects on the annual incomes of native-born workers. We focus on particular regions within the U.S. with differing populations and concentrations of Korean immigrant workers and find a very small correlation that ultimately suggests little to no wage impact as a result of Korean immigrants.
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Johnston, Robert L. "Collective action and changes in wage labor". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54452.

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This study attempted to address the relative merits of the Weberian and Structural Marxist perspectives for explaining changes in the distribution of wage labor. The findings of the study suggested that many of the common assumptions held by Weberians and Structural Marxists concerning the effects of technological growth, increasing bureaucratization of production, increasing concentration of capital, and growth in the ranks of white-collar workers are not supported with data on manufacturing industries in the post-war era. Moreover, this study introduced collective action as an important determinant for explaining changes in the labor process and in the distribution of wage labor. The findings indicate that workers collective action enhances our understanding of labor process development and changes in wage labor. And, the findings suggest that the struggle between workers and capitalists is vital to understanding the process of capitalist development since World War II, contrary to the popularly held beliefs of many post-industrial theorists.
Ph. D.
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Schroeder, Daniel Gene. "Self-esteem moderates the effect of wage trends on employment tenure". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035977.

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Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States". Thesis, Walden University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3596619.

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Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R2 = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.

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Balkan, Sule 1966. "Social insurance programs and compensating wage differentials in the United States". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282704.

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This dissertation brings together empirical analyses of the impact of social insurance programs on compensating wage differentials under different institutional frameworks. I study three periods: the late nineteenth century prior to the introduction of Unemployment Insurance, the Great Depression when Unemployment Insurance is introduced, and then the recent period, in which UI has been long established. Initially, late nineteenth century labor markets with no social programs for workers were investigated. Three different data sets were analyzed from two different states, Maine and Kansas, to examine the precautionary saving behavior of workers and the wage premium they received for the expected unemployment prevalent in their industry. Results showed that workers were receiving statistically and economically significant wage premiums in two of the three samples. Also, in two of the three samples, households were able to save against expected unemployment using family resources. In the second chapter, after reviewing the historical backgrounds of social insurance programs, namely Workers' Compensation, Compensation for Occupational Diseases, and Unemployment Insurance (UI), the empirical literature about the impacts of these programs on wages is reviewed. Later in the chapter, hours and earnings data for various manufacturing industries across forty-eight states for the years 1933-1939 are brought together with the state UI, Workers' Compensation, and Compensation for Occupational Diseases provisions to test the impact of these laws on wage rates. The economic history and origins of UI have not been elaborated before and no previous study has analyzed the simultaneous impacts of different social insurance programs. Results showed that higher accident rates, limited working hours and the higher regional cost of living had a positive impact on wages. Workers' Compensation continued to have a negative impact on wages. During its infancy, UI benefits did not have a statistically significant effect on wages. The last chapter analyzes the impact of UI and the unemployment rate for the labor market of the worker on wage rates using micro level modern data. Results from the analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth suggest that expected UI benefits have a negative and statistically significant impact on wages, holding worker and labor market characteristics constant. However, the unemployment rate of the labor market did not have a statistically significant impact on wages.
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Hayden, Sat Ananda. "Wage Equality among Internationally Educated Nurses Working in the United States". ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1079.

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Discrimination against immigrants based on country of origin, gender, or race is known to contribute to wage inequality, lower morale, and decrease worker satisfaction. Healthcare leaders are just beginning to study the impact of gender and race on the wages of internationally educated nurses (IENs). Grounded in Becker's theory of discrimination, this cross-sectional study examined nursing wages for evidence of wage inequality among IENs working in the United States using secondary data collected in the 2008 quadrennial National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Ordinary least square regression coupled with the Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition was used to analyze the wages of 757 IENs working in the U.S. healthcare system. T tests with effect size were calculated to find the impact of gender, race, and country of education on wage. The study found that white male IENs earned higher wages than all other immigrant groups, followed by nonwhite males and nonwhite females (R2 = .143; F(8,748) = 15.60; p =.000;). White female IENs earned the least, at 80%, 88%, and 91% of wages earned by white male, nonwhite male, and nonwhite female IENs, respectively (p < .005). The relationship between hourly wage and being a white female was negative and statistically significant (p = .006) and white females earned 19.6% less per hour than white male IENs. Working in tertiary care contributed 21.60% of wages for white IENs and 10.30% of wages for nonwhite IENs. Inequality in nursing wages was related to an interaction between race and gender for wages of white female IENs but not in wages for nonwhite female IENs. Results of this study promote positive social change by motivating nursing departments to equalize wages and policymakers to strengthen equal pay statutes.
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Qin, Bibin. "Wage earnings of Chinese in the United States: individual and contextual determinants". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3213.

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The objective of this dissertation is to identify both individual and contextual characteristics that may affect the wage earnings of Chinese in the U.S. labor market. The major individual characteristics include education, labor experience, and English ability; the contextual factors include percent of Chinese Americans, percent of Asian Americans, percent of nonwhites, percent of Chinese-owned businesses, occupational and residential segregation between Chinese and whites, and unemployment rate. Using the combined data of one percent and five percent 2000 Public Use Microdata Samples for 70 metropolitan areas, hierarchical linear models (HLM) were run for three groups of Chinese: native-born, foreign-born U.S. citizens, and foreignborn non-U.S. citizens. The results show that the returns to education are highest for the native-borns but lowest for the non-U.S. citizens. A command of good English benefits recent immigrants more than the native-borns. Labor experience tends to bring positive gains to both native-born and foreign-born U.S. citizens but shows no effects on earnings of foreign-born non-U.S. citizens. The results support both the human capital and assimilation perspectives. The HLM results indicate that occupational segregation from majority whites tends to impose a strong and negative effect on the earnings of native-born Chinese; a higher percentage of Chinese-owned businesses tends to increase the earnings of only foreign-born U.S. citizens; unemployment rate is likely to depress the wage earnings of the foreign-borns but not the native-borns. This suggests that Chinese workers with a different immigration history face the labor market differently. Residential segregation, percent of Chinese Americans, percent of Asian Americans, and percent of nonwhites, do not show any direct effects. Occupational segregation, the percent of Chinese-owned businesses, and the representation of the Chinese population are found to impact earnings indirectly through the individual characteristics. All these findings suggest that contextual factors do not necessarily impose direct effects on wage earnings; however, they may transfer their effects onto earnings via individual characteristics. This study represents an attempt to bring new insights into earnings attainment models and an addition to the meager body of knowledge concerning both individual and contextual factors that may affect the earnings process of a minority group in the United States. The strengths of using the HLM techniques, the limitations of the study, as well as issues for future study, were also discussed.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Minimum wage – united states"

1

Uma, Kukathas, ed. Minimum wage. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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Uma, Kukathas, ed. The Minimum wage. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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Uma, Kukathas, ed. The Minimum wage. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2009.

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4

Neumark, David. Minimum wages. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008.

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5

Alpert, William T. The minimum wage in the restaurant industry. New York: Praeger, 1986.

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6

Minimum wage policy in Great Britain and the United States. New York: Algora Pub., 2008.

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7

Incorporated, CCH, ed. Minimum wage and overtime pay: Answer guide. Chicago, Ill: CCH Incorporated, 1996.

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8

Evidence against a higher minimum wage: Hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Card, David E. Employment effects of minimum and subminimum wages: Panel data on state minimum wages laws. Princeton, NJ: Industrial Relations Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1994.

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Abowd, John M. Minimum wages and employment in France and the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Minimum wage – united states"

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Klein, Fabian. "Minimum wage policy subsystems in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States". In The Role of Scientific Expertise in Minimum Wage Policy Making, 65–100. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32746-0_4.

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Parolin, Zachary, e Rosa Daiger von Gleichen. "Family Policy in the United States: State-Level Variation in Policy and Poverty Outcomes from 1980 to 2015". In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 459–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_18.

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AbstractThis chapter investigates the diversity and divergence of three sets of family policy indicators across the 50 United States: money, services, and time. Our findings show that the 50 United States vary considerably in their family policy packages. States have become more dissimilar over time with respect to social assistance transfers and statutory minimum wages, but have become more similar in their subsidization of low-pay employment. Moreover, states vary greatly in their levels of support for early childhood education and healthcare. State-level variation in out-of-pocket medical spending has more than doubled from 1980 to 2015, in large part due to some states deciding to expand Medicaid access from 2009 onward. Despite large diversity and some divergence in states’ family policy packages, post-tax/transfer poverty rates have remained relatively stable over time. This is partially due to an increase in federally funded transfer programs mitigating the social consequences of state-level diversity.
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Ohtake, Fumio. "The United States". In Wage Differentials, 108–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26281-6_4.

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Ambrosio, Fabio. "The alternative minimum tax system". In Principles of Taxation in the United States, 233–54. Title: Principles of taxation in the United States: theory, policy, and practice / Fabio Ambrosio. Description: 1 Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431869-15.

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Hashimoto, Masanori, e John Raisian. "Wage Flexibility in the United States and Japan". In Labor Market Adjustments in the Pacific Basin, 33–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3251-7_3.

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Cimbala, Stephen J. "Toward Nuclear Minimalism? Minimum Deterrence and Its Alternatives". In The United States, Russia and Nuclear Peace, 195–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38088-5_10.

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Dickie, Mark, e Shelby Gerking. "Interregional Wage Differentials in the United States: A Survey". In Migration and Labor Market Adjustment, 111–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7846-2_6.

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Erickson, Christopher L. "Wage Differentials: A Comparison of the European Union and the United States". In European and Transatlantic Studies, 166–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79817-7_8.

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Balducci, Anthony. "EPAct Legislation - The United States Experience of Minimum Efficiency Standards for Induction Motors". In Energy Efficiency Improvements in Electronic Motors and Drives, 378–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59785-5_37.

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Gregory, Robert G. "Australian Responses to Increases in Unemployment and Wage Inequality: Comparisons with the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the United States". In Inequality Around the World, 38–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09971-6_3.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Minimum wage – united states"

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Liu, Siyang. "Innovative Research on the Relationship between Minimum Wage and Employment in the United States — A Case Study about the Fast Food Industry in Pennsylvania and New Jersey". In 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data Analytics (ICCCBDA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccbda51879.2021.9442507.

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Dygert, Joseph P., Melissa L. Morris, Erik M. Messick e Patrick H. Browning. "Feasibility of an Energy Efficient Large-Scale Aquaponic Food Production and Distribution Facility". In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6567.

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Today the United States is plagued by societal issues, economic insecurity, and increasing health problems. Societal issues include lack of community inclusion, pollution, and access to healthy foods. The high unemployment coupled with the rising cost of crude oil derivatives, and the growing general gap between cost of living and minimum wage levels contribute to a crippled consumer-driven US economy. Health concerns include increasing levels of obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. These epidemics lead to staggering economic burdens costing Americans hundreds of billions of dollars each year. It is well-known that many of the health issues impacting Americans can be directly linked to the production, availability, and quality of the food. Factors contributing to the availability of food include reduction of United States farmland, an increase in food imported from overseas, and the cost of goods to the consumer. The quality of food is influenced by the method of growth as well as imposed preservation techniques to support food transportation and distribution. At the same time, it has become increasingly common to implement biotechnology in genetically modified crops for direct human food or indirectly as a livestock feed for animals consumed by humans. Crops are also routinely dosed with pesticides and hormones in an attempt to increase productivity and revenue, with little consideration or understanding of the long term health effects. Research shows that community gardens positively impact local employment, community involvement and inclusivity, and the diets of not only those involved in food production, but all members of their households. The purpose of this work is to determine the feasibility of an energy efficient large-scale aquaponic food production and distribution facility which could directly mitigate growing socioeconomic concerns in the US through applied best practices in sustainability. Aquaponics is a symbiotic relationship between aquaculture and hydroponics, where fish and plants grow harmoniously. The energy efficient facility would be located in an urban area, and employ solar panels, natural lighting, rain water reclamation, and a floor plan optimized for maximum food yield and energy efficiency. Examples of potential crops include multiple species of berries, corn, leafy vegetables, tomatoes, peppers, squash, and carrots. Potential livestock include responsibly farmed tilapia, shrimp, crayfish, and oysters. The large scale aquaponic facility shows a lengthy period for financial return on investment whether traditional style construction of the building or a green construction style is used. However many forms of federal government aid and outside assistance exist for green construction to help drive down the risk in the higher initial investment which in the long run could end up being more profitable than going with a traditionally constructed building. Outside of financial return there are many proven, positive impacts that a large-scale aquaponic facility would have. Among these are greater social involvement and inclusivity, job creation, increased availability of fresh food, and strengthening of America’s agriculture infrastructure leading to increased American independence.
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Erwin, Christopher. "Better Late Than Never? Wage Effects of Delayed Baccalaureate Graduation in the United States". In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1680752.

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Ding, Wushuo. "The capital intensity factor that contributes to the United States Skilled Worker’s Average Wage Stagnation". In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology (HSMET 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hsmet-19.2019.76.

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Pham, Quynh C., e Lesley A. James. "Considering the CO2 Source and Capture Technique to Reduce Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) for Enriched Water Alternating Gas (WAG) Injection". In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62643.

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Abstract CO2 is a well-known and commonly used solvent for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CO2-rich natural gas fields have been the source of CO2 for onshore EOR for more than 50 years. Offshore, the story is different. Some jurisdictions like offshore Norway and Gulf of Mexico send their gas to market, pipelines from offshore to Europe and the United States exist, and CO2 must be stripped from the natural gas to meet pipeline specifications. Oil rig power generation has, for the most part, been electrified. Other jurisdictions like offshore Newfoundland, Canada, have stranded uneconomic, sweet natural gas. Power generation relies on diesel or natural gas combustion turbines producing post combustion CO2. Onshore, CO2 floods are common where most of the CO2 comes from natural gas sweetening. Post combustion CO2 has been used for EOR in Weyburn, Saskatchewan, Canada and other onshore fields. The Hibernia EOR Research Group has been investigating the integrated capture and injection of CO2 from post combustion for the purposes of EOR. Challenges include the space and size of CO2 capture technologies for offshore oil production platforms, most certainly existing brownfield facilities. From an EOR perspective, a notable challenge is the constrained volume of CO2, which is insufficient for CO2 flooding. The CO2 volumes are however sufficient for carbonated water injection (CWI), individual block CO2 flood or WAG, or CO2 enriched natural gas WAG. Current carbon capture technologies are not 100% efficient, resulting in impurities in the CO2 stream, such as N2, CH4, O2, etc. The CO2 and impurity concentrations impact the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) and subsequent oil recovery. The relationship between different CO2 capture technologies and the resulting impurities, their respective concentrations, and the impact on MMP is deficient in the literature. Experimental techniques to estimate MMP were compared based on the literature, and it was determined that a slim tube test is the most reliable method. In this work, the CO2 concentration is varied from 0 to 100 mol%, which covers the missing range in literature. The Multiple Contact Miscibility (MCM) was first simulated, providing a good estimation of the MMP value. A slim tube simulation was completed using PVT-sim and validated with experimental values from literature. This simulation was then used to determine MMP when CO2 concentration is varied. The results indicate that MMP is reduced by increasing the concentration of CO2 in the natural gas. The amount of CO2 required in Gas Mixture to achieve MMP were deduced for each scenario. Furthermore, impurities can positively or negatively impact the MMP, even in small concentrations. This work investigates, by simulation, the effect on MMP of CO2 and natural gas mixtures, and impurities in the CO2 stream based on source and capture techniques. The study is critical to the design of an integrated CO2 capture and injection process to store CO2, reduce emissions, and enhance oil recovery.
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Konya, Sevilay, Zeynep Karaçor e Mücahide Küçüksucu. "Panel Estimation for the Relationship between Real Wage, Inflation and Labor Productivity for OECD Countries". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02305.

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There are studies examining the relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity in the economic literature. Increase in real wages causes to an increase in labor productivity. On the other hand, productivity increases also induce inflation to fall. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity in the 22 OECD countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United States) in the period of 1995-2017 by panel data methods. According to results, the cointegration relationship between real wage, inflation and labor productivity was found. In addition, mutual causality was determined between the variables we discussed.
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Okorie, Michael K., Uzumma O. Ozeh e Xiuling Wang. "Wind Energy Assessment of Michigan City, United States". In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88412.

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There is a growing need for an environmentally friendly source of energy that can replace the conventional fossil fuel energy. This is because the effects of global warming is becoming very obvious, as evidenced by the severe flooding that occurred in the U.S. in 20171. Two notable solutions to this dilemma are wind and solar energy. Solar powered devices derive their energy from the sun, hence, the amount of energy is severely limited during the cold months of the year when solar intensity is typically low. Wind energy, on the other hand is most prevalent during this cold months when the wind speed is typically higher. The aim of this research is therefore to conduct a comprehensive assessment of wind energy potential in Michigan City, Indiana, United States. This information will allow homeowners and investors with interest in alternative energy to make critical decisions in this regard. The study was conducted using wind speed data collected over a five-year period from 2012 to 2016. In this work, we have also determined the best method for evaluating the Weibull parameters (shape and scale factors) for wind data analysis. The site average wind speed ranged from 4m/s to 9m/s with a peak in the winter months and minimum in the summer months. The wind speed with the maximum energy at the hub height varied between 5.84 m/s in August 2016 to 12.79 m/s in October 2012 with annual average speeds between 8.85 and 9.35 m/s and a five-year average of 9.13 m/s. The prevailing wind speed was within the range of 4–8m/s and strongest on the Southern part of the site especially in the South Southeastern direction. Consequently, siting a wind turbine on the Southern part of the City would generate more energy than on any other direction. Among the turbines analyzed, ITALTECH 250 will yield the maximize energy production with a capacity factor of 0.385 and average annual energy production of 840 MWh/yr. The results presented in this work proves the great potential for investments in wind energy in Michigan City.
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Powell, Douglas M., Mark T. Winkler, Alan Goodrich e Tonio Buonassisi. "Modeling the cost and minimum sustainable price of crystalline silicon photovoltaic manufacturing in the United States". In 2012 IEEE 38th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) PART 2. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc-vol2.2012.6656771.

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Powell, Douglas M., Mark T. Winkler, Alan Goodrich e Tonio Buonassisi. "Modeling the cost and minimum sustainable price of crystalline silicon photovoltaic manufacturing in the United States". In 2012 IEEE 38th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) PART 2. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc-vol2.2013.6656771.

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Valera, Tatiana, Stavros Koulouridis, Satheesh B. Venkatakrishnan, Arjuna Madanayake e John Volakis. "1-Bit, Wideband mmWave Phase Shifter for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Minimum Phase Errors". In 2024 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/usnc-ursinrsm60317.2024.10465175.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Minimum wage – united states"

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Meltzer, David, e Zhuo Chen. The Impact of Minimum Wage Rates on Body Weight in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembro de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15485.

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Neumark, David, e Peter Shirley. Myth or Measurement: What Does the New Minimum Wage Research Say about Minimum Wages and Job Loss in the United States? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, janeiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28388.

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Cengiz, Doruk, Arindrajit Dube, Attila Lindner e Ben Zipperer. The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs: Evidence from the United States Using a Bunching Estimator. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, janeiro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25434.

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Abowd, John, Francis Kramarz e David Margolis. Minimum Wages and Employment in France and the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, março de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6996.

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Abowd, John, Francis Kramarz, Thomas Lemieux e David Margolis. Minimum Wages and Youth Employment in France and the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, julho de 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6111.

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Neumark, David, J. M. Ian Salas e William Wascher. More on Recent Evidence on the Effects of Minimum Wages in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, outubro de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20619.

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Buchinsky, Moshe, e Jennifer Hunt. Wage Mobility in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, fevereiro de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5455.

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Allen, Steven. Relative Wage Variability in the United States, 1860-1983. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, abril de 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2221.

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Wandner, Stephen. Wage Insurance as a Policy Option in the United States. W.E. Upjohn Institute, janeiro de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp16-250.

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Blair, Peter, e Benjamin Posmanick. Why Did Gender Wage Convergence in the United States Stall? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, janeiro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30821.

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