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1
Krishnan, M., e G. Kannan. "Polygon Shaped 3G Mobile Band Antennas for High Tech Military Uniforms". Advanced Electromagnetics 5, n.º 3 (11 de novembro de 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v5i3.365.
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Smart Textiles integrated with communicating components have been used in military for many applications. Wearable antenna can be attached or embedded into smart textiles which could be used for communication between combat soldiers in the battlefield. This paper presents the design of three different polygon shaped patch antenna operating on 3G Mobile Band frequency 2100 MHz embedded on three different dielectric constant materials for Military applications. The proposed polygon shaped patch antenna introduces horizontal slit in its patch to improve the antenna performance. The effect of slit length and slit width on the antenna performance is analyzed.
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Khrushchov, D., S. Chumachenko, V. Zatserkovnyi, P. Trofymenko e А. Splodytel. "CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR INFOGEOLOGICAL MODELING OF MILITARY ACTIVITY TERRITORIES". Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, n.º 1(96) (2022): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.96.12.
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The purpose of the study is to elaborate framework of infogeological modeling of the military activity territories (using territorial objects in Ukraine) to provide informational support of research and works on the treatment of the geological environment of territories of military activity. The main methodological instrument of informational support of research and works on the treatment of the geological environment of territories of military activity is information modeling. Given the local level of military activity territories, the complex ecological and geological model serves as the primary methodological technique. Methods developed on this paradigm's principles aim to eliminate the consequences of military activity and restore the territories of the military conflicts. Ground research was developed using conceptual models, particularly checking main components of these models that aim at determining the indetermination. To identify the influence of the military activity sources, we used the Leopold Matrix and Sorensen Level Diagram, network diagram, method of the combined analysis of maps, and factor analysis. The evaluation of the spread of factors of military and technogenic load of chemical origin in the functional zones and subzones of the military polygon was carried out based on the complex approach to the ecological evaluation of the contamination of the territories of intensive military and technogenic load using the landscape profiling and imitating modeling taking into account geochemical and hydrometeorological conditions. The analysis of the soils, contaminated with military and technogenic origin substances in the places of functional subzones locations targeted fields of military polygon showed the indicators of concentration of some of the contaminating substances exceed norms 5-20 times. Field research in military polygon showed that contamination of its territory has zonal character and is grouped around local subzones of the military object where military preparation using armaments and military equipment is carried out, being the primary source of factors of military and technogenic load of the geological environment. Prospects for further development of this field lie in developing the integral theory of infogeological modeling of geological environment of military activity territories, oriented at the evaluation of different types of influences and threats.
3
Splodytel, А. "HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION TRENDS ON "OLESHKIVSKI PISKY" MILITARY TRAINING SITE". Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, n.º 2 (89) (2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.89.06.
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The results of ecological-geochemical researches of soil cover of "Oleshkivski pisky" military training site, using maximum allowable concentration and classification of chemical elements with respect to hazard classes are presented. Analytical works to identify gross content and heavy metals movable forms in soils were defined by methods of atomic absorption and mass-spectometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICPMS) as well as by using gamma-ray activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Analysis and interpretation of the coefficients of heavy metal components concentration were conducted based on landscape and geochemical fundamentals. The regular network of the protoselection points was developed. This network is built taking into account landscape structure of the territory, and provides control over landscape and geochemical currents and barriers. The average index of soil cover pollution of the polygon was calculated taking into account different toxicity of the elements. This index reaches its maximum in the region of firing positions and military polygon. The average Zc index of the upper soil level is 32, which corresponds to the dangerous level of soil pollution. The research revealed the content of moveable forms of heavy metals in soil cover of the polygon in order to identify toxic and tolerant levels of heavy metals concentration and reserve sources of elements in soils, which can maintain optimal concentration level in soil solution. It was defined that content of heavy metals in three movable forms are represented in the following geochemical units, mg/kg: in acid soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > V > Ni > Co > Cd; in exchangeable form – Mn > Zn > Pb > V > Co = Ni > Cu > Cd; in water soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb = V > Co > Ni > Cd > Cu. The article presents research results on accumulation intensity and the nature of distribution of gross and mobile heavy metals forms in soil and on their migration in the soil profile. The dominant technogenic geochemical unit was extracted: Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > V > Co > Mn. Landscapes with maximum polyelement contamination have been identified.
4
Babić, Tomislav, Marko Kršulja e Maja Šupuković. "Mechanical load caused by physical activity by wearing military equipment". Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci 9, n.º 1 (2021): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31784/zvr.9.1.24.
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In this paper fatigue for professional soldier caused by active physical activity and endurance limits is investigated. The resulting workload is one of indicators of how training, preparedness and other acquired work skills can contribute to the human body being a large working “machine”. Ergometry test was conducted and field test for soldier fitness condition and energy expenditure was measured regarding the level of body’s metabolism. Field test consisted of three runs on a polygon of 10 km and different workloads, the energy consumption was monitored. Work load was compared with Occupational Safety and Health law acts. The results showed difference in workload conditions and hart rate which allowed to determine rest spots and safety in training conditions.
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Pokonieczny, Krzysztof, e Sylwia Borkowska. "Using artificial neural network for labelling polygon features in topographic maps". GeoScape 13, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2019): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0012.
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Abstract The purpose of this article was to present the methodology which enables automatic map labelling. This topic is particularly important in the context of the ongoing research into the full automation of visualization process of spatial data stored in the currently used topographic databases (e.g. OpenStreetMap, Vector Map Level 2, etc.). To carry out this task, the artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron) was used. The Vector Map Level 2 was used as a test database. The data for neural network learning (the reference label localization) was obtained from the military topographic map at scale 1 : 50 000. In the article, the method of applying artificial neural networks to the map labelling is presented. Detailed research was carried out on the basis of labels from the feature class “built-up area”. The results of the analyses revealed that it is possible to use the artificial intelligence computational methods to automate the process of placing labels on maps. The results showed that 65% of the labels were put on the topographic map in the same place as in the case of the labelling which was done manually by a cartographer. The obtained results can contribute both to the enhancement of the quality of cartographic visualization (e.g. in geoportals) and the partial elimination of the human factor in this process. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Map label placement is among key variables ensuring the usability of topographic maps across disciplines. • We present the neural network approach for automating the process of labelling topographic maps with locality names. • The presented case study applies to the military map in scale 1:50 000, but can be applied on other maps and geoportals.
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Zasjadko, A., V. Ryzhkov, O. Yula e V. Zozulia. "ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF PROCESSING ALGORITHMS OF EXTERNAL TRAJECTOR INFORMATION RECEIVED OF THE MFTR-2100/40 RADAR SYSTEM". Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки 16, n.º 2 (12 de julho de 2023): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.16.2023.05.
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The peculiarities of processing measurement information received by the MFTR-2100/40 radar system as part of a mobile polygon measuring and computing complex are considered. After processing, the results of external trajectory measurements obtained using the radar channel are used to determine the parameters of samples of weapons and military equipment.
The factors that worsen the process of measurement by the radar system are analyzed. Analyzed processing parameters in the WinTrack software, which can be interpreted ambiguously by the operator and lead to false results. Recommendations are provided for the use of the MFTR-2100/40 radar system, taking into account meteorological phenomena.
The presented results will provide an opportunity for more qualitative and effective testing and certification of weapons and military equipment offered for supply to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
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Bartošová, Naděžda. "Ability of automatic detection of conflict between planes in flight simulations with the help of expert system". MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 3, n.º 13 (15 de janeiro de 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mad.2015.13.01.
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This article examines options for applying expert systems for the needs of identification of conflict situations between planes in flight simulations, which are applied during basic training of air traffic controllers. It focuses on the conditions for basic training of military air traffic controllers and presents the use of rule systems to automatic detection of conflict between planes within a basic training polygon. The system of rules is a part of the expert system, consisting of realisation of tasks for identifying optimum resolution of conflict situations in selected types of simulations.
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Khrushchov, D., S. Chumachenko e A. Splodytel. "METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE IMITATIONAL MODELLING OF THE GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE MILITARY ACTIVITY TERRITORIES (AT THE DIVYCHKY POLYGON AS AN EXAMPLE)". Geochemistry of Technogenesis 6, n.º 34 (25 de dezembro de 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.34.107.
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The methodological basis of a theory for information support of research and work on management of the geological component of military activity territories is founded on the development of a typification of geological environment violations resulted from military activity, highlighting the types of geological environment and forms of military impact on the geological environment, establishing a mechanism and forecasting the development of geosystems. The methodical basis consists in development of the principles of information models of the geological environment disturbanses, which serve as the basis for determining methods and technologies for eliminating the consequences of negative military activity impact upon the geological environment, i.e., degraded sites recovery. The purpose of the introduction of this methodological apparatus is to optimize the structuring of the geological environment of the object, which will increase the resolution and overall adequacy of the infogeological model. The package PDE Toolbox computer mathematics systems MatLab 7.1.4 was used for simulation of pollution distribution in landscape profiles of an artillery blast hole. It showed us a picture of the changes in the concentration of the solution of pollutants on the landscape profile down to the first groundwater horizon 90 days from the moment of intense snowmelt.To assess the pollution migration dynamics according to the mathematical modeling in the PDE Toolbox package of the MatLab 7.1 computer mathematics system, the dependence of the change in the concentration of the solution of pollutants spread along the landscape profiles of the artillery blast hole was recieved. The obtained data indicate that within the territory affected by military activity, depending on the state of density and permeability of rocks in the zone of unsaturated filtration, the vulnerability of groundwater to geochemical factors of technogenic pollution increases.
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Pidlisnyuk, Valentina, Tatyana Stefanovska, Olexander Zhukov, Artem Medkow, Pavlo Shapoval, Vitalii Stadnik e Martyn Sozanskyi. "Impact of Plant Growth Regulators to Development of the Second Generation Energy Crop Miscanthus × giganteus Produced Two Years in Marginal Post-Military Soil". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2022): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020881.
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The impact of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) Stimpo, Regoplant, and Charkor on the production of the second-generation energy crop Miscanthus × giganteus on marginal post-military soil was investigated during two vegetation seasons. The land, previously a tank training polygon, has not been in use since 1990 and has become marginal. Biological parameters (stem, shoot, and root lengths) and dry biomass values were evaluated in relation to the applied treatments. The multivariate general linear model (M-GLM) results showed a positive influence of Charkor on M. × giganteus development; the effect was markedly higher in the second year of vegetation. The impact of Stimpo and Regoplant was less noticeable; nevertheless, certain combinations of treatments showed satisfactory results. The M-GLM approach detected the inter-influence of the main factors of the production process, i.e., PGRs, soil, and year of growing. The results showed the predominant influence of year, PGRs and combined factor PGRs × year on the biological parameters; the other studied factors and their combinations were not as effective. Further research should focus on verifying the field-scale results for the M. × giganteus plantation established in a post-military area and compare the lab and field studies.
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Козневски e E. Kozniewski. "New Methods of the Computer Aided Design of Roof Skeletons". Geometry & Graphics 4, n.º 2 (18 de junho de 2016): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19827.
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The problem of efficient design of roofs is a topical
area of research. This is confirmed by scientific studies [1–5, etс.].
Today, in the times of information technology in all areas of actively
using the computer and specific programs [6; 12; 15, etc.].
The author presents a proposal of geometric design (geometric
solutions) for roofs with restrictions, so-called "roof with its
neighbors."Roofs are treated as a special class of polyhedral surfaces.
Construction includes a corresponding attachment roof with
restrictions on the roof on a simple connection of the polygon,
designing a conventional roof and perform the appropriate logic operation. Fig. 1. The Boolean operations are useful tools in geometrical
designing of roof skeletons. Solving roofs with neighbors
is much easier if we bring them to solve simple roofs over simpleconnected
polygon base. The difficulty comes to the design of an
appropriate polygonal base. This method essentially involves applying
geometric design of a regular roof to design a roof with
constraints, which can be relatively easily performed with a CAD
program [13]. The elements of a roof: a) a roof with its elements
in the orthographic projection, b) the roof with its elements in a
military axonometry, c) the line of disappearing ridges of the roof
in the orthographic projection [9].
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Schuster, Janice G. "LandScan". Charleston Advisor 22, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.22.1.37.
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Originally conceived for use by U.S. military and intelligence communities, the LandScan web application and population datasets, produced by East View Geospatial with data from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, are useful for various reasons including: spatial data analysis, humanitarian aid and relief, disease modeling, market growth, and sustainable development/environmental protection. Older datasets, back to 2000, are archived as new versions are made available. There are three main audiences of LandScan: researchers who download and use the datasets; researchers who use the WMS and WCS services; and those who use the web platform. This review focuses mainly on the web app.Search functionalities include the ability to drill down to the pixel level, i.e., one square kilometer grid units; to quickly get population counts for an area on the world map by pointing and clicking; and to get population counts for an area using the polygon drawing function.
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Knežević, Rade. "Researching the tourist attractions and the attractiveness of the valley of the river Mreznica". Tourism and hospitality management 13, n.º 2 (junho de 2007): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.13.2.2.
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The River Mreznica (64 km) is a watercourse in the region of Central Croatia. In the valley of the Mreznica, the forms of the relief created by erosion and deposits present an important basis for tourism development. This paper explores their appeal (attractiveness). In terms of tourism, about 10 per cent of the direct resources have already been valorised, while the remaining resources represent potential tourist attractions. The real tourist attractions are located in the lower valley, whereas the potential attractions are found in the middle and upper river valley. Access to potential attractions and their valorisation in tourism is impeded by the spreading of the underbrush, which has advanced considerably over the past twenty years, and by the fact that the upper valley is located in the zone of the “Eugen Kvaternik” Military Polygon. Travertine barriers, which have created a specific type of waterfalls and cascades, together with mills, bridges and ferries, characterise the tourist attractions in the valley of the River Mreznica.
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Zinko, R., P. Kazan, D. Khaustov e O. Bilyk. "FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF SMALL RECONNAISSANCE ROBOT". Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy, n.º 11 (27 de dezembro de 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.11.29-38.
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A small intelligence robot (SSR) is a special military intelligence means. It is used to obtain information about the enemy - the collection of intelligence, the search for targets and target indication, observation of the situation, etc. The use of a small intelligence robot is assumed in various natural and climatic conditions: in temperate terrain, on soils with low bearing capacity, at low temperatures, in the desert, on sandy and marshy soils, on rocky soils, in elevated temperature and dustiness of air, and also in conditions highlands In the article an overview of modern developments of remotely controlled robotic military complexes, principles of their construction and perspective directions of development in the armed forces are reviewed. The issues of robotization of existing weapons and military equipment are considered. Every sample of a SSR used in combat action must possess all combat characteristics at once in an optimal ratio between them, ensuring its maximum effectiveness. Ignoring any of the properties or enhancing one property at the expense of others will not enable the full realization of the small surveillance robot. It is reasonable to select the relevant properties at the design stage, using the possibilities of mathematical modeling. The set of tactical and technical characteristics of the SSR allowed forming this. Its characteristics determine the scope and possibilities of application. The mathematical model of the SSR motion is written in the Matlab Simulink environment. Recorded mathematical model of SSR motion, formed single test cycle and input data allowed to conduct computer simulation of motion in possible conditions of operation of small surveillance robot.The single trial cycle presented contains a set of individual sites and reproduces the testing test cycle of a real polygon. On the basis of the developed tactical and technical characteristics of the SSR, the experimental sample was made. An example of the use of SSR for the intelligence of the settlement and at keeping the node of barriers has been provided. The efficiency of performing intelligence units’ tasks and reducing the risk of human losses are shown.
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Zinko, R., P. Kazan, D. Khaustov e O. Bilyk. "FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF SMALL RECONNAISSANCE ROBOT". Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, n.º 13 (30 de dezembro de 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2020.13.1.50-60.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
A small intelligence robot (SSR) is a special military intelligence means. It is used to obtain information about the enemy – the collection of intelligence, the search for targets and target indication, observation of the situation, etc. The use of a small intelligence robot is assumed in various natural and climatic conditions: in temperate terrain, on soils with low bearing capacity, at low temperatures, in the desert, on sandy and marshy soils, on rocky soils, in elevated temperature and dustiness of air, and also in conditions highlands In the article an overview of modern developments of remotely controlled robotic military complexes, principles of their construction and perspective directions of development in the armed forces are reviewed. The issues of robotization of existing weapons and military equipment are considered. Every sample of a SSR used in combat action must possess all combat characteristics at once in an optimal ratio between them, ensuring its maximum effectiveness. Ignoring any of the properties or enhancing one property at the expense of others will not enable the full realization of the small surveillance robot. It is reasonable to select the relevant properties at the design stage, using the possibilities of mathematical modeling. The set of tactical and technical characteristics of the SSR allowed forming this. Its characteristics determine the scope and possibilities of application. The mathematical model of the SSR motion is written in the Matlab Simulink environment. Recorded mathematical model of SSR motion, formed single test cycle and input data allowed to conduct computer simulation of motion in possible conditions of operation of small surveillance robot. The single trial cycle presented contains a set of individual sites and reproduces the testing test cycle of a real polygon. On the basis of the developed tactical and technical characteristics of the SSR, the experimental sample was made. An example of the use of SSR for the intelligence of the settlement and at keeping the node of barriers has been provided. The efficiency of performing intelligence units’ tasks and reducing the risk of human losses are shown. Keywords: small surveillance robot, design, mathematical modeling, combat use.
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Wang, Xi, Guan-zheng Tan, Fan-Lei Lu, Jian Zhao e Yu-si Dai. "A Molecular Force Field-Based Optimal Deployment Algorithm for UAV Swarm Coverage Maximization in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network". Processes 8, n.º 3 (22 de março de 2020): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030369.
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In the mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) field, there exists an important problem—how can we quickly form an MWSN to cover a designated working area on the ground using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm? This problem is of significance in many military and civilian applications. In this paper, inspired by intermolecular forces, a novel molecular force field-based optimal deployment algorithm for a UAV swarm is proposed to solve this problem. A multi-rotor UAV swarm is used to carry sensors and quickly build an MWSN in a designated working area. The necessary minimum number of UAVs is determined according to the principle that the coverage area of any three UAVs has the smallest overlap. Based on the geometric properties of a convex polygon, two initialization methods are proposed to make the initial deployment more uniform, following which, the positions of all UAVs are subsequently optimized by the proposed molecular force field-based deployment algorithm. Simulation experiment results show that the proposed algorithm, when compared with three existing algorithms, can obtain the maximum coverage ratio for the designated working area thanks to the proposed initialization methods. The probability of falling into a local optimum and the computational complexity are reduced, while the convergence rate is improved.
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Pham, Ngo, Bui, Tran, Lee e Kwon. "Vector Map Random Encryption Algorithm Based on Multi-Scale Simplification and Gaussian Distribution". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 22 (14 de novembro de 2019): 4889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224889.
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In recent years, GIS (Geographical Information System) vector maps are widely used in everyday life, science, and the military. However, the production process of vector maps is expensive, and a large volume of vector map data is easily stolen and illegally distributed. Therefore, original providers desire an encryption solution to encrypt GIS vector map data before being stored and transmitted in order to prevent pirate attacks and to ensure secure transmission. In this paper, we propose an encryption algorithm for GIS vector map data for preventing illegal copying, and ensuring secured storage and transmission. Polyline/polygon data of GIS vector maps are extracted to compute a backbone object. The backbone object is then selectively simplified by the multi-scale simplification algorithm in order to determine the feature vertices of the backbone object. The feature vertices of the backbone object are encrypted by the advanced encryption standard and the secret key. Finally, all vertices of the backbone object are randomized by the random Gaussian distribution algorithm to obtain the encrypted GIS vector map. Experimental results show that the entire map is altered completely after the encryption process. The proposed method is responsive to the various GIS vector map data formats, and also provides better security than previous methods. The computation time of the proposed method is also significantly shorter than that of previous methods.
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Petruk, Lyubov G., e Roman P. Kramarenko. "Data of clinical otorhinolaryngologic review of servicemen of armed forces of Ukraine are at implementation of the educational firing". OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, No3-4(5) 2022 (29 de julho de 2022): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2022-3-18.
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Lately medical help is provided in many medical institution of Ukraine for those servicemen who suffered of the influence of intensive noise during implementation of duties of military service. Before sending in the zone of battle actions for implementation of the assigned tasks, servicemen of certain military branches pass training for improving of their skills, including, handling a weapon. The actual task is to reveal in time violations that can lea to the development of defeat of the auditory system under action of sounds of high intensity in the conditions of realization of battle actions in future. Aim: to define changes in otorhinolaryngologic status of servicemen of AFU during the implementation of the educational firing on a polygon. Materials and methods: the otorhinolaryngologic inspection of 53 servicemen is conducted at age from 18 to 37 and after realization of firing from a rifle armament (gun-machine of Kalashnikov without and with subbarrel grenade launcher) on a polygon. Results and their discussions: After realization of series of shots in parts of servicemen certain changes were revealed in ENT status. During the otoscopy of some patients (11.3%) was revealed the injection of the vessels by the way of handle of hammer, in 5 (9.4%) cases during the otoscopy was marked certain smoothness of the contours of eardrums and reduction of light reflex. Worth mentioning that 10 (18.8%) patients inspected after training felt high-frequency subjective noise. 2 fighters (3.7%) ment ioned moderate dizziness after implementation of shots. 5 (9.4%) servicemen had complaints about a moderate headache after training. Majority of them noted that such a feeling passed during an hour after firing. However, in 7.5% cases such complaints took the place after this term. And exactly at this group of inspected we also looked after changes at an otoscopy. We guided such fighters at a further instrumental inspection for detection of possible violations in functioning of auditory analyzer as a result of the noise influence. To our opinion, such persons should be examined in relation to the presence of preclinical violations in an auditory analyzer and possible increase of individual sensitiveness to noise influence . There is a risk, which in the zone of battle actions in case of acousticbarotrauma the severe defeat of the auditory system can develop in such fighters. Thus, due to the conducted examination by otolaryngologist. increases the possibility of revealing the person with high sensitiveness to the noise influence in time that help determine the limitations that can be applied in this case, It is expedient to use possibility to prevent development of heavy hearing loss and invalidisation of servicemen, that has socio-economic consequences. Conclusions: 1. During the implementation of the educational firing some servicemen can suffer from the violations of the state of the auditory system, which looks like the changes of otoscopic picture and the presence of complaints such as congestion of the ears, dizziness, high-frequency subjective ear noise, headache. 2. The examination of otolaryngologist after implementation of the educational firing of servicemen allows revealing those who has visible changes in the state of ENT-organs. The selection of such persons creates precondition of determination among them group of high risk further development of violations in an auditory analyser.
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Zhao, K., M. Kamran e G. Sohn. "BOUNDARY REGULARIZED BUILDING FOOTPRINT EXTRACTION FROM SATELLITE IMAGES USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (3 de agosto de 2020): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-617-2020.
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Abstract. In recent years, an ever-increasing number of remote satellites are orbiting the Earth which streams vast amount of visual data to support a wide range of civil, public and military applications. One of the key information obtained from satellite imagery is to produce and update spatial maps of built environment due to its wide coverage with high resolution data. However, reconstructing spatial maps from satellite imagery is not a trivial vision task as it requires reconstructing a scene or object with high-level representation such as primitives. For the last decade, significant advancement in object detection and representation using visual data has been achieved, but the primitive-based object representation still remains as a challenging vision task. Thus, a high-quality spatial map is mainly produced through complex labour-intensive processes. In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network, which enables to jointly detect building instance and regularize noisy building boundary shapes from a single satellite imagery. The proposed deep learning method consists of a two-stage object detection network to produce region of interest (RoI) features and a building boundary extraction network using graph models to learn geometric information of the polygon shapes. Extensive experiments show that our model can accomplish multi-tasks of object localization, recognition, semantic labelling and geometric shape extraction simultaneously. In terms of building extraction accuracy, computation efficiency and boundary regularization performance, our model outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline models.
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Wang, Chunjuan, Dahai Liu, Jinpeng Wang, Yimeng Zhao e Haiyan Shan. "Spatial match analysis of multiple factors in the geopolitical environment of the Arctic Passage". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 7 (1 de julho de 2022): e0270262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270262.
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This study seeks to provide a basic approach to fulfill the spatial visualization of geopolitical environmental factors required for the navigation of vessels in the Arctic. Multi-dimensional geopolitical environmental factors of the Arctic Passage are analyzed and classified into geopolitics, geoeconomics, geo-military, geoculture, and laws and regulations related to geography. Their characteristics are extracted to form an attribute information table matching spatial layers. Based on the information category and basic characteristics, the spatial match method is applied and connected with the spatial layers to examine the spatial point, polyline, and polygon. According to the qualitative description, the study extracted the quantitative indicators for the following spatial–temporal pattern analysis. The standard deviational ellipse is used to analyze the spatial–temporal patterns and trends of the geopolitical environmental indicators of the Arctic Passage in the Arctic and Northeast Asia. The expansion and contraction of geoinformation coexist in the countries surrounding the Arctic Passage. The spatial–temporal changes indicate that the Arctic channel has a great economic impact on the Nordic countries and Northeast Asia, especially the coastal areas of China and Japan. The characteristic extraction and spatial match of the geopolitical environment provide integrated Arctic geoinformation inquiry and services for the diplomatic, administrative, and legal preparations required for Arctic navigation. Therefore, the geospatial analysis conducted provides scientific support and a basis for the geographical distribution and developing trends of visualization and spatial–temporal pattern in Arctic navigation. The results of this research will help decision-makers to make a comprehensive judgment on governance related to the sustainable development of the Arctic Passage.
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Zibtsev, Sergiy, Volodymyr Pasternak, Roman Vasylyshyn, Viktor Myroniuk, Serhii Sydorenko e Oleksandr Soshenskyi. "Assessment of carbon emissions due to landscape fires in Ukraine during war in 2022". Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 15, n.º 1 (14 de janeiro de 2024): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest/1.2024.126.
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The russian military aggression and the related socio-economic and environmental consequences have significantly affected the climate and production of ecosystem services through damage to forests, ecosystems, landscape fires and emissions of gases into the atmosphere. The study aims to estimate carbon dioxide emissions due to landscape fires in Ukraine during the year 2022. The OroraTech wildfire monitoring technology was used to detect fires, while perimeters of burned areas were delineated with Sentinel 2 time series. The Copernicus Dynamic Land Cover map was used to extract burned land covers. Emissions were calculated based on the intensity of fires (dNBR) with the share of burned biomass in different types of land cover. Biomass models were selected considering the dominant tree species within a specific region and the species structure of the sown areas of croplands. The volume of biomass losses was estimated as a result of fires of different severities. It was estimated that during in 2022, landscape fires burned 749.5 thousand hectares thereof: croplands – 419.1 thousand hectares; other natural vegetation – 273.8 thousand hectares; conifer forests – 31.1 thousand hectares; other forests – 25.5 thousand hectares. The impact of the war on landscape fires is confirmed by the large proportion of fires in the 60-kilometre buffer zone along the frontline – 68.9% of the total area of fire. Among all fires, 42.5% of fires occurred in the occupied territory. Total CO2 emissions from all types of landscape fires reached 5.20 million tons and other greenhouse gases – 0.28 million tons. It is the first detailed mapping of landscape fires with an analysis of each polygon for the whole territory of Ukraine. The results provide important information for assessing the loss of ecosystem services and estimating carbon dioxide emissions as well as for confirming the impact of hostilities on landscape fires
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Luvsandagva, Purev, e Dash Oyuntsetseg. "Research on measurements of 2nd class leveling". Mongolian Geoscientist, n.º 48 (4 de julho de 2019): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v0i48.1147.
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The leveling reference network of Mongolia was established during 1940-1949 by the leveling measurements of class II, III and IV. This work was completed by the Military Service of the Soviet Union (formerly USSR). Repeated measurements were carried out by the Mongolian Geodesy and Cartography Agency for 17 years between 1974-1991. Although, interim reviewing of the leveling measurements has been done, final result of equilibrium calibration did not achieve the network precision of accuracy, due to measurement technology at that time. According to international standards, leveling measurements for the leveling network should be repeated in 5-10 years, in relation to the soil migration and vertical movement of the earth's crust. The modern digital technologies using digital techniques (barcode rods and electronic levels) for leveling network allows for high quality network within a relatively short period. Therefore, repeated measurements for the reference network of Mongolia has been carried out since 2011, and total of 28061 km long network built using both direct and inverted ways of digital leveling. We have done comparative study for 2nd class leveling measurements of 39th line of 13th polygon of reference network of Mongolia. As a result, the comparison of 1945 and 2011 year’s data, max 74.6 cm elevation level difference was calculated in reference point of Рп1496-Рп1595. Likewise; 8.2 cm elevation level difference was calculated in reference point number of Рп1451-Тп01, data of 1975 and 2011.
Нивелирдлэгийн II ангийн хэмжилтийн судалгаа
Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын өндрийн тулгуур сүлжээг анх 1940-1949 онд нивелирдлэгийн II, III ба IV ангийн хэмжилтүүдээр байгуулсан байдаг. Энэ ажлыг ЗХУ-ын Улаан армийн цэргийн байр зүйн алба (хуучин нэрээр) хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Давтан хэмжилтийн ажлыг 1994 - 199 1 оны хооронд 17 жил Монгол Улсын геодези зураг зүйн газар хийсэн. Хэмжилтийн ажлын чанарт завсрын үнэлгээ хийж байсан ч тэгшитгэн бодолтын эцсийн үр дүнгээр сүлжээний нарийвчлалын бодит байдлыг хангаж чадаагүй нь тухайн үеийн хэмжилтийн технологиос үүдэлтэй. Хөрсний шилжилт хөдөлгөөн болон дэлхийн царцдасын босоо хөдөлгөөнийг тодорхойлох, олон улсын судалгааны тогтсон стандартын дагуу өндрийн тулгуур сүлжээг 5-10 жилд давтан хэмжиж байх шаардлагатай байдаг. Орчин үеийн нивелирдлэгийн хэмжилтийг тоон технологи (бар кодтой рейк ба тоон нивелир )ашиглан харьцангуй богино хугацаанд чанарын өндөр түвшинд хийж гүйцэтгэх боломж нөхцөл бүрдсэн. Тийм учраас Монгол Улсын өндрийн тулгуур сүлжээний давтан хэмжилтийн ажлыг 2011 оноос эхлэн шууд ба урвуу чиглэлд нийт 26081км урт өндрийн сүлжээг тоон нивелир ашиглан хийж гүйцэтгэсэн байдаг. Монгол Улсын өндрийн сүлжээний 13-р полигоны 39-р шугамын нивелирдлэгийн II ангийн хэмжилтүүдийг харьцуулан судаллаа. Өндөржилтийн зөрүү хамгийн ихдээ 1945-2011 онд Рп1496-Рп1595 реперүүдийн хооронд - 94 . 8см, 1975-2011 онд Рп1451-Тп01 реперүүдийн хооронд 8.2 см байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Репер цэг, полигон, өндрийн тулгуур сүлжээ, царцдасын босоо хөдөлгөөн
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Ginghina, Nicoleta Petrea Raluca, Andrada Pretorian, Razvan Petre, Ghita Barsan, Pavel Otrisal e Danut Eugeniu Mosteanu. "Experimental Survey Regarding the Dangerous Chemical Compounds from Military Polygons that Affect the Military Health and the Environment". Revista de Chimie 69, n.º 7 (15 de agosto de 2018): 1640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.7.6386.
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Activities specific to the military field, regarding the instruction process or the missions in the operating theatres, require military personnel to be exposed to a series of toxic chemical compounds, with effects ranging from short to long term. European legislation regarding environmental protection and employee health has become stricter and it directly influences the choice of materials that will be turned into ammunition. Most energetic materials from ammunition contain compounds whose synthesis and decomposition involves the release of high toxicity products into the environment. Shootings with classical weapons systems have an effect on the environment, in the shooting area and also in the place of impact with the objective, having both direct (the shock wave that results from the ammunition exploding, shrapnel, sound waves, high temperatures) and indirect (unexploded ammunition, contamination of the environment) effects. This paper presents the results of experimental research conducted in military shooting ranges during the testing of diverse smoke ammunition, in order to detect and identify the released chemical compounds, thus studying their impact on the fighters� health and security and evaluating the risks they pose on the environment.
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Pokonieczny, Krzysztof. "The Methodology of Creating Variable Resolution Maps Based on the Example of Passability Maps". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n.º 12 (9 de dezembro de 2020): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120738.
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The paper presents the methodology for creating variable resolution maps, which was developed by the author and implemented to generate passability maps. These studies are used in military applications and crisis management in order to determine the possibility of crossing the area off-road. They may significantly facilitate the process of planning rescue or search operations. The developed methodology uses source data in the form of a spatial database to generate maps consisting of Voronoi polygons. The proposed solution automates the process of creating such maps, which was realized in practice by developing a dedicated IT system. It served to generate a series of passability maps in various configurations, which were then thoroughly compared. The conducted research demonstrated that variable resolution passability maps may successfully replace maps that consist of sometimes several dozen times higher numbers of primary fields. This enables reducing the amount of data stored in computer memory and shortens the time necessary to access visualization and information analysis on passability maps.
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Pio, Fernanda Paula Bicalho, e Eliane Maria Vieira. "Determinação das Áreas Atingidas por Queimadas em Bacias Hidrográficas por meio do Índice De Queimada (NBR), Estudo de Caso da Bacia do Rio Piracicaba-MG". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, n.º 1 (29 de fevereiro de 2020): 087. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.1.p087-101.
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O desenvolvimento da humanidade e consequente alteração no uso do solo vem tornando áreas cada vez mais susceptíveis à incêndios florestais, fato agravado pela prática de queimadas. Eventos de queima são considerados preocupantes devido a abrangência dos impactos que influenciam, inclusive nas mudanças climáticas. Assim, técnicas de sensoriamento remoto podem ser empregadas para identificação e espacialização de áreas queimadas. A gravidade dos impactos gerados torna visível a importância de estudos capazes de detectar cicatrizes de queimadas a fim contribuir com o desenvolvimento de técnicas de monitoramento, conscientização, prevenção e recuperação de áreas afetadas. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou gerar o índice de queimada (NBR) bem como sua variação (NBR) e o Índice Normalizado de Diferença de Água (NDWI) para distinção entre áreas queimadas e áreas úmidas para a região da bacia hidrográfica do rio Piracicaba, Minas Gerais, utilizando cenas Landsat 8 órbita/ponto 217/074 e 218/074 dos meses de agosto e setembro de 2016. A eficiência do método para detecção de áreas queimadas foi analisada a partir da comparação com polígonos de queimadas do banco de dados do INPE e pontos de ocorrência de incêndio fornecidos pelo 4º Pelotão de Bombeiros Militar de Itabira. Os resultados da NBR foram classificados em níveis de severidade e mostraram-se eficientes para a detecção de áreas queimadas quando comparados com polígonos de registro de queimadas do INPE. Com o cálculo do índice para toda a bacia pôde-se perceber regiões com maior ocorrência das classes moderada e alta severidade nas porções noroeste e nordeste da bacia. Determination of Areas Affected by Burns in Watersheds by the Queimada Index (Nbr), Case Study of the Piracicaba-MG River Basin ABSTRACTThe development of mankind and consequent alteration in land use has made areas increasingly susceptible to forest fires, a fact aggravated by the practice of burning. Burning events are considered worrisome due to the extent of the impacts that influence, including climate change. Thus, remote sensing techniques can be used to identify and spatialize burned areas. The severity of the impacts generated makes visible the importance of studies capable of detecting burn scars in order to contribute to the development of monitoring techniques, awareness, prevention and recovery of affected areas. Thus, the present study aimed to generate the burn rate (NBR) as well as its variation (ΔNBR) and the Normalized Water Difference Index (NDWI) to distinguish between burned areas and wetlands for the Piracicaba river basin region, Minas Gerais, using Landsat 8 scenes orbit / point 217/074 and 218/074 from the months of August and September 2016. The efficiency of the method for the detection of burned areas was analyzed from the comparison with burned polygons of the INPE and fire occurrence points provided by the 4th Itabira Military Fire Squad. The results of ΔNBR were classified in severity levels and were efficient for the detection of burned areas when compared to INPE burn logs. With the calculation of the index for the whole basin it was possible to perceive regions with higher occurrence of the moderate and high severity classes in the northwest and northeast portions of the basin.Keywords: burned, sevirity of fire, remote sensing, burn rate
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Rann, Karen, David Fairbairn e Ella Southern. "Reconstructing the lost contours of Charles Hutton". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 de julho de 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-307-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study reports on an historical investigation of map-making practice and achievement from the late 18th century, and attempts to reconstruct the practices and outcomes of an innovative surveying and mapping exercise, using historical data and contemporary geospatial data handling. The episode involves the processing of data captured as part of an extensive project by the then (British) Astronomer Royal, Maskelyne, in the mid 1770s, to measure the gravitational attraction and density of the earth.</p><p>This experiment was conducted on the isolated mountain of Schiehallion in Central Scotland, and resulted in several differing approaches to calculating the mass of the mountain, and determining and interpreting the resultant effect on gravity measurements on its slopes. In order to do this, an accurate determination of “the figure and dimensions of the hill” (Maskelyne, 1775) was required. The survey work was undertaken under Maskelyne’s supervision by his previous assistant, Barrow, and local surveyor, Menzies.</p><p>The data collected included astronomical observations to establish latitudinal positions, lengths of fixed base lines (one to the north of the mountain and one to the south), a standard traverse around the mountain to establish fixed points, and transects/vertical profiles radiating from those points. The land surveying techniques were known and widely used, although at the time having only been recently documented, in the book ‘A Treatise on Mensuration’. This was published in 1770 by Charles Hutton (1737-1823) a Newcastle-born mathematician, and was the first volume on surveying written in English. In 1773 Hutton had moved south to become Professor of Mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and became known to the Royal Society which asked him to process Maskelyne’s data.</p><p>The original field observations (Figure 1), were published in Hutton’s extensive account of his work (Hutton, 1778), which also explained how he was to calculate the mass of the mountain, dividing the landscape into a set of vertical prisms collectively defining the mountain’s shape. Smallwood (2007) describes how Hutton’s volume calculations, along with rock, geology and gravity information, can help estimate earth density.</p><p>The prisms, arranged as circular sections (some individually coloured in Figure 2 to exemplify), had their heights calculated with reference to the height points within them. Clearly, however, some prisms had no heights associated with them. Hutton devised a method of interpolation of prism height for those which had no height data by creating a surface defined by contours: “I fell upon the following method … by which I was enabled to proceed in the estimation of the altitudes both with much expedition and a considerable degree of accuracy. This method was the connecting together by a faint line all the points which were of the same relative altitude: by so doing, I obtained great number of irregular polygons lying within and at some distance from, one another, and bearing a considerable degree of resemblance to each other: these polygons were the figures of so many level or horizontal sections of the hills, the relative altitudes of all the parts of them being known; and as every base or little space had several of them passing through it, I was thereby able to determine the altitude belonging to each space with much ease and accuracy.”</p><p>Although isolines were long established on some maps, and isobaths (depth curves), in particular, were visible on some hydrographic charts from the early 18th century, Hutton has some claim to be the first to use lines of equal altitude (contours) on land-based maps. Unfortunately, despite describing the method of using a ‘faint line’ to elucidate the contours, no graphical artefact exists: there is no evidence that Hutton, or anyone associated with the gravity project, ever published the contour map of Schiehallion.</p><p>Elsewhere in his account of the data processing (Hutton, 1778), significant doubts are expressed about the accuracy and validity of some of the observations, and there is the possibility that Hutton blocked publication of the contour map because of inaccurate observation or conflicting calculations.</p><p>However, the presentation of the full set of observations should allow for a reconstruction of the missing contour map. Processing and visualisation has already been undertaken manually by Johnson (Figure 3).</p><p>An attempt was also made to use standard land surveying software to handle the field observations to calculate and map the data. The Star*NET package (Microsurvey, 2018) has been applied to the traverse observations, using techniques of least squares to obtain the most precise positioning of the surrounding stations. The LSS package (McCarthy Taylor, 2018) is used to enter the tacheometric detailing observations, and create an accurate digital terrain model based on the observed data from over 240 years ago. The contour lines derived from this model will be compared with current survey data provided by the British Ordnance Survey, and with satellite derived digital elevation datasets. It is hoped that data manipulation can be undertaken to successfully create a contour map which Charles Hutton would have been happy to publish.</p>
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Pasetto*, Roberto, Amerigo Zona, Marco De Santis, Annibale Biggeri e Pietro Comba. "Cohort Study of Residents in the Neighborhood of a Military Polygon". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2016, n.º 1 (17 de agosto de 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2016.3828.
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"The Choice of the Way to the Future: to the History of the Don and Orenburg Cossack Hosts as Polygons for Military and Economic Reforms in 1860–1870". Bylye Gody 50, n.º 4 (5 de dezembro de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.13187/bg.2018.4.1632.
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