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Pastourmatzi, Domna. "Researching and Teaching Science Fiction in Greece". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, n.º 3 (maio de 2004): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081204x20613.
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In the dreams our stuff is made of, Thomas M. Disch talks about the influence and pervasiveness of science Fiction in American culture and asserts the genre's power in “such diverse realms as industrial design and marketing, military strategy, sexual mores, foreign policy, and practical epistemology” (11-12). A few years earlier, Sharona Ben-Tov described science fiction as “a peculiarly American dream”—that is, “a dream upon which, as a nation, we act” (2). Recently, Kim Stanley Robinson has claimed that “rapid technological development on all fronts combined to turn our entire social reality into one giant science fiction novel, which we are all writing together in the great collaboration called history” (1-2). While such diagnostic statements may ring true to American ears, they cannot be taken at face value in the context of Hellenic culture. Despite the unprecedented speed with which the Greeks absorb and consume both the latest technologies (like satellite TV, video, CD and DVD players, electronic games, mobile and cordless phones, PCs, and the Internet) and Hollywood's science fiction blockbuster films, neither technology per se nor science fiction has yet saturated the Greek mind-set to a degree that makes daily life a science-fictional reality. Greek politicians do not consult science fiction writers for military strategy and foreign policy decisions or depend on imaginary scenarios to shape their country's future. Contemporary Hellenic culture does not acquire its national pride from mechanical devices or space conquest. Contrary to the American popular belief that technology is the driving force of history, “a virtually autonomous agent of change” (Marx and Smith xi), the Greek view is that a complex interplay of political, economic, cultural, and technoscientific agencies alters the circumstances of daily life. No hostages to technological determinism, modern Greeks increasingly interface with high-tech inventions, but without locating earthly paradise in their geographic territory and without writing their history or shaping their social reality as “one giant science fiction novel.”
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Zhigalova, Natalia. "Ottoman Military Campaigns in the Peloponnese in the Second Quarter of the 15th Century: Military-Political Aspect". ISTORIYA 14, n.º 1 (123) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024212-2.
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In this article, the author examines the causes, course and results of the Ottoman military campaigns in the Peloponnese in the second quarter of the 15th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the raids of the Ottoman commander Turahan Bey in 1423, 1431 and 1435 were rather local acts of aggression aimed at intimidating the Morean despots and were intended to prevent the expansion of Byzantine influence in Greece and in the north of the Peloponnese. At the same time, the Ottoman campaign against the Peloponnese in 1446 had the character of a punitive expedition. Sultan Murad II personally led the invasion of the Morea, which speaks of the desire of the Ottomans to eliminate the center of resistance in this region once and for all. The shameful vassalage, which the Despotate of Morea fell into after the sack of the Peloponnese by the Ottomans, actually put an end to the attempts of the despot Constantine Palaiologos to create a strong, independent and self-sufficient state in the place of the Morea.
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Shepherd, J. "The St. Aubyn mineral collection (c.1794-2010) at Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery". Geological Curator 9, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2009): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc209.
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Sir John St. Aubyn (1758-1839) was a collector and a facilitator to science and the arts. His particular interest was for mineralogy and this lead him to create a sizeable mineral collection containing many interesting specimens. Some of these have been collected in the field by Sir John St. Aubyn, but most of the specimens have been bought from dealers or as whole collections in auction rooms. We know that St. Aubyn bought a proportion of John Stuart's, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713-1792) mineral collection from Dr. William Babington (1756-1833) in 1799. He also purchased a smaller mineral collection from the son of Richard Greene� (1716-1793) in the same year. Richard Greene is an important man to all of us, because he opened the first public museum in England. He was also a good friend of Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802). Before his death, Sir John St. Aubyn employed Isaiah Deck of Cambridge to auction his mineral collection. In 1834, Isaiah split the collection and gave two smaller collections to Sir John's wife Juliana and to his daughter Mrs. Parnell. Then a larger collection went to the Civil Military Library at Devonport. Luckily parts of the original collection still exist today in Saffron Walden Museum and in Plymouth City Museum. The minerals that are now in Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery (PCMAG) came to the museum in 1924, on a permanent loan from Devonport. In 2007, PCMAG secured a grant from the Esm�e Fairbairn Foundation, enabling the museum's natural history department to conduct a variety of work on this historic collection. In the following article, I will recount my journey through time as I removed centuries of dust to reveal a collection of scientific and cultural importance.
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BROŽIČ, LILIANA. "CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES IN ENGLISH – A PROBLEM OR AN OPPORTUNITY". CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES 2011, n.º 13/4 (15 de outubro de 2011): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.13.4.00.
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Dear readers,You are looking at a new edition of the Contemporary Military Challenges, which includes contributions by the authors employed in Slovenian defence system; all except for one work in the Slovenian Armed Forces. This continues our tradition that the last issue in a year includes Slovenian military authors.The previous, thematic, issue devoted to hybrid threats was published entirely in English. It drew different responses from the readers, although some articles have also been published in Slovene on our website. We have received a letter from a reader, who specifically highlighted the problem of publishing a Slovenian pu-blication in English. He agreed that his letter be published on the website of the Contemporary Military Challenges, where our reply is also published (in Slovene). The reader mainly underlined his concern about the preservation and development of Slovene military language. Indirectly, he listed a few hesitations for which we believe deserve a few explanations related to the publication of the Contemporary Military Challenges.Within the framework of developing military professional literature, which is imposed by the Defence Act, the Slovenian Armed Forces publish several different periodicals, such as Vojaškošolski zbornik (Military Education Journal), Vojaška zgodovina (Military History) and other occasional publications (Prava smer, Prvi, Modri, etc.). The Ministry of Defence, on the other hand, also publishes a biweekly Slovenska vojska (Slovenian Armed Forces).Among all the publications published by the Slovenian Armed Forces, the Contemporary Military Challenges are the only publication ranking among scienti-fic and professional publications. It is included in the Slovenian Research Agency’s list of magazines. One of the quality conditions for publications to be included in this list is that one of the four issues in a year be published in English. In line with the higher education legislation, the publication of articles in a periodical of such rank provides authors with habilitation points. Therefore, the authors take this as a form of motivation, both, for external scientists and experts as well as for those employed in Slovenian defence system. The importance of developing quality Slovenian military scientific and professional subjects has been discussed in several articles by many Slovenian authors1. As for the younger generations, a number of experts and scientists from various faculties and other institutions have cooperated with our Editorial Board. Since the publication was indexed in an international database, the interest of foreign and Slovenian authors to publish in our publication has increased. All in all, the number of quality writers in Slovenian defence system has been increasing, which is evident from the articles and statistics published on our website. The Editorial Board has developed links and cooperation with various command and staff schools in the EU and NATO. We exchange experiences, knowledge and new findings. We wish for other military experts and scientists to be able to publish their articles in the Slovenian Armed Forces publication, but our main wish is for other people from partner countries to be able to learn about our knowledge and experiences. A value added undoubtedly lies in the exchange of articles with foreign military scientific and professional publications, and cooperation among editorial boards2. We have developed cooperation with the institutions such as Center for Civil-Military Relations from Monterey, USA; European Center for Security Studies George C. Marshall from Germany; Research Institute for European and American Studies from Greece and others. Different experts take part in the process of developing Slovenian military literature, including proofreaders and translators. The cooperation of both has resulted in the publication of several Slovenian terminology handbooks and dictionaries3. We can thus write with an easy conscience that, we, at the Ministry of Defence and the Slovenian Armed Forces are doing our best to provide for quality development of Slovenian military literature and terminology. However, it is true that a lot remains to be done. Of course, the above-mentioned facts are not perceived as a reason to rest on our laurels. International security environment is a very dynamic one and the Slovenian Armed Forces constitute a part of it. Our daily routine in this environment represents a constant challenge and demonstrates a need for confirming our quality. Personally, I am convinced that the Slovene language with a long tradition in the Slovenian Armed Forces is under no threat. I believe that today’s membership and the role of our country in international structures differs a great deal from the one from our former common country. The proofreaders and translators, who have been supporting the making of the Contemporary Military Challenges for thirteen years, perceive the development of their domain as an every-day challenge rather than a problem. On the other hand, it also represents an excellent opportunity for the print media, the development of Slovenian military science and professional literature, and the exchange of knowledge with others. The opinions of our readers are a precious stimulation for the reflexions about the accuracy of our goals and, of course, about the best way to attain them. In addition to other factors, our decisions have lately also been largely influenced by the financial aspects of publishing our publication. As usual, we kindly invite all who would like to contribute to the development of military subjects to participate in the making of the Contemporary Military Challenges. You are, of course, welcome to contribute polemics and comments; however, professional and scientific articles written in line with the “Instructions for the Authors of Papers”, which we publish at the end of our publication, are a better way of developing the quality of military literature. In this issue of the Contemporary Military Challenges, Tanja Pečnik introduces a subject entitled Geopolitical Determination of the Slovenian Armed Forces – Formation of Multinational Forces in the Area of Western Balkans. Her aim was to verify the possibility of Slovenia or any of other former Yugoslav republics thinking about expanding their geopolitical influence by building closer military relations. Comprehensive operations planning in NATO has been discussed by Jože Grozde who claims that the resolution of crisis in post-Cold War conflicts by using military force has proved ineffective, since it does not guarantee significant improvements in the security situation. NATO has introduced comprehensive operations planning in support of the comprehensive approach of the international community to the resolution of complex crises. In his Command and Control Paradigm in the Enforcement of Military Discipline, Vojko Obrulj discusses military discipline from two aspects, i.e. as an individual’s attitude towards military discipline, and as a behavioural discipline. Regulations or Code of Conduct and Behaviour for the Providers of Education and Training in the Slovenian Armed Forces is a subject which stimulated the writing of Mojca Pešec. The providers of education and training are obliged to attain the highest competence standards and to respect the values regulating mutual relation-ships of the participants. She therefore proposes the adoption of such a document.In his article entitled Views of Slovenian Armed Forces Members on Postings to International Duties Abroad, Branko Podbrežnik presents the results of a research he conducted among these service members. He has found that, in this respect, the latter have to cope with various challenges concerning them personally, their life and work, as well as the life of their families. Finally, the author discusses the way the defence system provides its support.The Challenges of Development Strategy Regarding Information and Communications Technology Services have inspired the writing of Mihael Nagelj. According to his findings, the experiences regarding the implementation of business strategies in modern organisations had shown that strategies can only be implemented by using advanced information technologies.We wish you pleasant reading. Perhaps the above-mentioned subjects will inspire an idea for a new or an already familiar subject which could be presented to others in a new or a different way.
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Chatziioannou, Maria Christina, e Flora Tsilaga. "The “Art of Commerce”: An Outline of Commercial Education in Twentieth-century Greece". Historical Review/La Revue Historique 12 (30 de dezembro de 2015): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.8807.
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<p>The first half of the twentieth century in Greece was marked by consecutive<br />military and civil conflicts that caused profound territorial, demographic and social<br />changes. The movement of vast numbers of young peasants from rural areas to the capital<br />coincided with the broadening of internal trade, a proliferation of industrial investments<br />and the intense urbanization of Athens and other Greek cities, especially during the<br />interwar period. This article examines education concerning the “art of commerce”, a<br />more flexible type of training in comparison with its strictly technical equivalent; a form<br />of education that was associated with a completely different outlook compared to the<br />traditional apprenticeship guilds of the nineteenth century. In this context, the essay seeks<br />to emphasize the ways in which a professional group, recognized by the state through its own<br />associations, was specifically created and developed and how this group envisaged creating<br />the sole educational opportunity for its own members, those working in the field of retail.</p>
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Onians, John. "War, Mathematics, and Art in Ancient Greece". History of the Human Sciences 2, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1989): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095269518900200103.
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Kipp, Jacob W. "Toward understanding: A military‐to‐military conversation on doctrine, military art, and field regulations". Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6, n.º 2 (junho de 1993): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518049308430097.
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Mouzelis, Nicos. "On the Rise of Postwar Military Dictatorships: Argentina, Chile, Greece". Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1986): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500011841.
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Despite marked geographical and sociocultural differences, Greece and the two major southern-cone Latin American countries share a significant number of characteristics which distinguish them from most other peripheral and semiperipheral societies. Although they began industralisation late and failed to industrialise fully in the last century, all three countries managed to develop an important infrastructure (roads, railways) during the second half of the nineteenth century, and they achieved a notable degree of industrialisation in the years following each of the two world wars. Moreover, until the beginning of the nineteenth century, all three countries were subjugated parts of huge patrimonial empires (the Ottoman and the Iberian) and thus had never experienced the absolutist past of western and southern European societies. Finally, all three acquired their political independence in the early nineteenth century and very soon adopted parliamentary forms of political rule; and despite the constant malfunctioning of their representative institutions, relatively early urbanisation and the creation of a large urban middle class provided a framework within which bourgeois parliamentarism took strong roots and showed remarkable resilience. It persisted, albeit intermittently, from the second half of the nineteenth century until the rise of military bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes in the 1960s and 1970s and, as the Greek and Argentinian cases suggest, such regimes do not necessarily entail the irreversible decline of parliamentary democracy.
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Pylypchuk, Oleh, Oleh Strelko e Yuliia Berdnychenko. "PREFACE". History of science and technology 11, n.º 1 (26 de junho de 2021): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-7-9.
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In the new issue, our scientific journal offers you thirteen scientific articles. As always, we try to offer a wide variety of topics and areas and follow current trends in the history of science and technology. In the article by Olha Chumachenko, оn the basis of a wide base of sources, the article highlights and analyzes the development of research work of aircraft engine companies in Zaporizhzhia during the 1970s. The existence of a single system of functioning of the Zaporizhzhia production association “Motorobudivnyk” (now the Public Joint Stock Company “Motor Sich”) and the Zaporizhzhia Machine-Building Design Bureau “Progress” (now the State Enterprise “Ivchenko – Progress”) has been taken into account. Leonid Griffen and Nadiia Ryzheva present their vision of the essence of technology as a socio-historical phenomenon. The article reveals the authors' vision of the essence of the technology as a sociohistorical phenomenon. It is based on the idea that technology is not only a set of technical devices but a segment of the general system – a society – located between a social medium and its natural surroundings in the form of a peculiar social technosphere, which simultaneously separates and connects them. Definitely the article by Denis Kislov, which examines the period from the end of the XVII century to the beginning of the XIX century, is also of interest, when on the basis of deep philosophical concepts, a new vision of the development of statehood and human values raised. At this time, a certain re-thinking of the management and communication ideas of Antiquity and the Renaissance took place, which outlined the main promising trends in the statehood evolution, which to one degree or another were embodied in practice in the 19th and 20th centuries. A systematic approach and a comparative analysis of the causes and consequences of those years’ achievements for the present and the immediate future of the 21st century served as the methodological basis for a comprehensive review of the studies of that period. The article by Serhii Paliienko is devoted to an exploration of archaeological theory issues at the Institute of archaeology AS UkrSSR in the 1960s. This period is one of the worst studied in the history of Soviet archaeology. But it was the time when in the USSR archaeological researches reached the summit, quantitative methods and methods of natural sciences were applied and interest in theoretical issues had grown in archaeology. Now there are a lot of publications dedicated to theoretical discussions between archaeologists from Leningrad but the same researches about Kyiv scholars are still unknown The legacy of St. Luke in medical science, authors from Greece - this study aims to highlight key elements of the life of Valentyn Feliksovych Voino-Yasenetskyi and his scientific contribution to medicine. Among the scientists of European greatness, who at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries showed interest to the folklore of Galicia (Halychyna) and Galician Ukrainians, contributed to their national and cultural revival, one of the leading places is occupied by the outstanding Ukrainian scientist Ivan Verkhratskyi. He was both naturalist and philologist, as well as folklorist and ethnographer, organizer of scientific work, publisher and popularizer of Ukrainian literature, translator, publicist and famous public figure. I. H. Verkhratskyi was also an outstanding researcher of plants and animals of Eastern Galicia, a connoisseur of insects, especially butterflies, the author of the first school textbooks on natural science written in Ukrainian. A new emerging field that has seen the application of the drone technology is the healthcare sector. Over the years, the health sector has increasingly relied on the device for timely transportation of essential articles across the globe. Since its introduction in health, scholars have attempted to address the impact of drones on healthcare across Africa and the world at large. Among other things, it has been reported by scholars that the device has the ability to overcome the menace of weather constraints, inadequate personnel and inaccessible roads within the healthcare sector. This notwithstanding, data on drones and drone application in Ghana and her healthcare sector in particular appears to be little within the drone literature. Also, little attempt has been made by scholars to highlight the use of drones in African countries. By using a narrative review approach, the current study attempts to address the gap above. By this approach, a thorough literature search was performed to locate and assess scientific materials involving the application of drones in the military field and in the medical systems of Africans and Ghanaians in particular. The paper by Artemii Bernatskyi and Vladyslav Khaskin is devoted to the analysis of the history of the laser creation as one of the greatest technical inventions of the 20th century. This paper focuses on establishing a relation between the periodization of the stages of creation and implementation of certain types of lasers, with their influence on the invention of certain types of equipment and industrial technologies for processing the materials, the development of certain branches of the economy, and scientific-technological progress as a whole. The paper discusses the stages of: invention of the first laser; creation of the first commercial lasers; development of the first applications of lasers in industrial technologies for processing the materials. Special attention is paid to the “patent wars” that accompanied different stages of the creation of lasers. A comparative analysis of the market development for laser technology from the stage of creation to the present has been carried out. Nineteenth-century world exhibitions were platforms to demonstrate technical and technological changes that witnessed the modernization and industrialization of the world. World exhibitions have contributed to the promotion of new inventions and the popularization of already known, as well as the emergence of art objects of world importance. One of the most important world events at the turn of the century was the 1900 World's Fair in Paris. Thus, the author has tried to analyze the participation of representatives of the sugar industry in the World's Fair in 1900 and to define the role of exhibitions as indicators of economic development, to show the importance and influence of private entrepreneurs, especially from Ukraine, on the sugar industry and international contacts. The article by Viktor Verhunov highlights the life and creative path of the outstanding domestic scientist, theorist, methodologist and practitioner of agricultural engineering K. G. Schindler, associated with the formation of agricultural mechanics in Ukraine. The methodological foundation of the research is the principles of historicism, scientific nature and objectivity in reproducing the phenomena of the past based on the complex use of general scientific, special, interdisciplinary methods. For the first time a number of documents from Russian and Ukrainian archives, which reflect some facts of the professional biography of the scientist, were introduced into scientific circulation. The authors from Kremenchuk National University named after Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi presented a fascinating study of a bayonet fragment with severe damages of metal found in the city Kremenchuk (Ukraine) in one of the canals on the outskirts of the city, near the Dnipro River. Theoretical research to study blade weapons of the World War I period and the typology of the bayonets of that period, which made it possible to put forward an assumption about the possible identification of the object as a modified bayonet to the Mauser rifle has been carried out. Metal science expert examination was based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine the concentration of elements in the sample from the cleaned part of the blade. In the article by Mykola Ruban and Vadym Ponomarenko on the basis of the complex analysis of sources and scientific literature the attempt to investigate historical circumstances of development and construction of shunting electric locomotives at the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant has been made. The next scientific article continues the series of publications devoted to the assessment of activities of the heads of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Empire. In this article, the authors have attempted to systematize and analyze historical data on the activities of Klavdii Semyonovych Nemeshaev as the Minister of Railways of the Russian Empire. The article also assesses the development and construction of railway network in the Russian Empire during Nemeshaev's office, in particular, of the Amur Line and Moscow Encircle Railway, as well as the increase in the capacity of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The article discusses K. S. Nemeshaev's contribution to the development of technology and the introduction of a new type of freight steam locomotive for state-owned railways. We hope that everyone will find interesting useful information in the new issue. And, of course, we welcome your new submissions.
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Tsichla, Markella-Elpida. "Greek Revolution and Art. The protagonists on Marble. Illustrative and Typological Specimens". Advances in Social Science and Culture 3, n.º 2 (18 de março de 2021): p26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v3n2p26.
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The Greek Revolution of 1821 was one of the most important issues in Europe of the early 19th century on a political and military level. The outbreak of the Greek Revolution was not supported by the Great Powers of the time, since as a liberation struggle it violated the terms of the Holy Alliance (1815), however it managed to prevail thanks to the support of the people of Europe as they regarded this an effort of a small nation to claim its freedom and oppose to slavery and authoritarianism. After all, we are in the time of Romanticism and this kind of struggle enjoyed the support of intellectuals, collectives, and different groups of citizens. Philhellenism was on the rise, and painters like Delacroix made a huge impact with works that made a strong impression on Europe. After the success of the Revolution, many foreign artists came to Greece, some on their own initiative as travelers and others carrying out their King’s orders. Some of them were painters (both amateur and professional) that painted live portraits of the leading figures of the Revolution, leaving behind a remarkable oeuvre when seen from a historical, factual, and artistic point of view. And since at that point in Greece there could be no room for domestic artistic creation, the work of these artists is considered particularly important in terms of portraiture, history, facts, and artistic value. The most important out of the painters that were in Greece at that critical time are the Bavarians Karl Krazeisen and Peter von Hess, who painted portraits of Greek fighters and these portraits have since become the blueprints that other artists, painters, and sculptors based their work on resulting in the perpetuation of the historical memory.It is worth mentioning that in the 200 years of independence these works remain of enduring value when paying tribute and respect to the first martyrs of the Greek Struggle.
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Bemis, Michael F. "Book Review: Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia". Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, n.º 3 (3 de abril de 2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56n3.215c.
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Classical civilization represents the foundation upon which rests all of modern-day Western society. The English language, in particular, is larded with allusions to the Greeks and Romans of yesteryear, from “Achilles’s heel” to “deus ex machina” to “Trojan Horse,” which make reference to the many influences that these cultures have had on our art, literature, theater, and, unfortunately, war and military (mis)adventures. For all these reasons, it behooves the modern reader to have at least a passing familiarity with what transpired all those thousands of years ago. The editors would appear to agree with this assessment, as they state in the “Preface” that this three-volume work “is intended to fill a gap in current reference works. It meets the need for a standard reference work on Greek and Roman military history and related institutions that is accessible to nonspecialists” (xxiii). Just what criteria the editors used in framing this statement is unknown; however, a literature search reveals many well-regarded titles covering this subject matter. From the topic-specific, such as John Warry’s Warfare in the Classical World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons, Warriors, and Warfare in the Ancient Civilizations of Greece and Rome (University of Oklahoma Press 1995) to the more general, such as the venerable Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford University Press 2012), now in its fourth edition, there is certainly no shortage of print reference materials concerning warfare during the time of the Greek and Roman empires.
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Grigoriadis, Ioannis N. "Between Military Rule and Democracy: Regime Consolidation in Greece, Turkey, and Beyond". Turkish Studies 20, n.º 3 (20 de fevereiro de 2019): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2019.1578650.
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Karydaki, Danae. "Freud under the Acropolis: The challenging journey of psychoanalysis in 20th-century Greece (1915–1995)". History of the Human Sciences 31, n.º 4 (outubro de 2018): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118791719.
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Psychoanalysis was introduced to Greece in 1915 by the progressive educator Manolis Triantafyllidis and was further elaborated by Marie Bonaparte, Freud’s friend and member of the Greek royal family, and her psychoanalytic group in the aftermath of the Second World War. However, the accumulated traumas of the Nazi occupation (1941–1944), the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), the post-Civil-War tension between the Left and the Right, the military junta (1967–1974) and the social and political conditions of post-war Greece led this project and all attempts to establish psychoanalysis in Greece, to failure and dissolution. The restoration of democracy in 1974 and the rapid social changes it brought was a turning point in the history of Greek psychoanalysis: numerous psychoanalysts, who had trained abroad and returned after the fall of the dictatorship, were hired in the newly established Greek National Health Service (NHS), and contributed to the reform of Greek psychiatry by offering the option of psychoanalytic psychotherapy to the non-privileged. This article draws on a range of unexplored primary sources and oral history interview material, in order to provide the first systematic historical account in the English language of the complex relationship between psychoanalysis and Greek society, and the contribution of psychoanalytic psychotherapy to the creation of the Greek welfare state. In so doing, it not only attempts to fill a lacuna in the history of contemporary Greece, but also contributes to the broader historiography of psychotherapy and of Europe.
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Galvany, Albert. "The court as a battlefield: the art of war and the art of politics in the Han Feizi". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 80, n.º 1 (24 de janeiro de 2017): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x16001063.
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AbstractMost scholarly contributions analysing the Han Feizi tend not only to overlook the influence military literature might have had on its conception and unfolding, but also to assert that the figure of the ruler, as described in this text, and that of the commander, as portrayed in military treatises, are incompatible. In refuting this view, I shall attempt to demonstrate that the writings collected in the Han Feizi fully embrace the logic of military confrontation, which entails, among other things, the deployment of deception and irregular procedures as a necessary means to secure sovereign power and to achieve a complete control of the administration. Accordingly, I shall show that a comprehensive understanding of this important work in the history of classical Chinese thought is not possible unless one takes into account this convergence of shared ideas and concepts from both spheres, that of military strategy and that of political science as set forth in the Han Feizi.
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Hanska, Jan. "Narrative approach to the art of war and military studies - Narratology as military science research paradigm". Journal of Military Studies 5, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0186.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to initiate discussion into the role narratives could play in military studies. Narratology is an old and well-established research paradigm that first emerged as part of the linguistic turn. Yet its potential has not been depleted. It is the study of narratives or stories. There are plenty of topics not yet approached from this perspective especially in the field of military studies. The military academia needs to broaden its scope of research and allow for alternative orientations and theories to be used to address traditional dilemmas, create new research paradigms and enrich the variety of analysis. Critical security studies approach shared topics with military studies by embracing the aesthetic turn that differentiates between the representation and the represented. The argument in this article is that to produce comprehensive information on its research topics military studies would benefit from embracing them as people experience them and not focus on their ontology. The article does not offer a methodological toolbox to the reader but rather an introduction to some classics of narratology and offers a few insights how this type of approach could be used in military history, strategy, operational art or even leadership studies.
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Tsiouri, Aphrodite. "Postwar Remnants in the Periurban Forest of Thessaloniki, Greece". Academic Research Community publication 7, n.º 2 (31 de julho de 2023): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v7i2.968.
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Wars, in the classical sense of term, have negative effects on the landscape and leave various traces above or below the ground surface or in the bottom of the sea. Today, many of the postwar landscapes are the result of natural ecological succession, while others, after an appropriate landscape design, present touristic and educational interest. Tourism in the postwar landscapes can be considered as cultural tourism, appealing mainly to tourists-pilgrims. Thessaloniki, during its long history, has been a field of military operations. Some of them, especially the most recent ones, have left their remnants on the surrounding forest landscape. During the First World War, the allied powers (Entente) for example, built various infrastructures such as trenches, concrete fortifications etc. Many of these installations, despite their deterioration over time, can still be seen today. The postwar landscape in the periurban forest of Thessaloniki has partially recovered. However, heavy constructions remain in their original place and can be a pole of attraction for visitors. This paper recommends two paths, 2,500 m and 2,200 m long respectively, connecting visible elements from the First World War, which are located in the northeastern part of the periurban forest of Thessaloniki. These paths can connect a military cemetery, with four cylindrical concrete fortifications (pill boxes) of this war, scattered in the forest. In this cemetery soldiers of the Commonwealth Nations have been buried, during the War. This postwar landscape could contribute to the development of battlefield tourism or tourism related to the postwar landscapes and it can also be used in the implementation of relevant environmental education programs. Postwar landscapes require very careful planning and proper management in order to be functional and effective.
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Karpozilos, Kostis. "The Defeated of the Greek Civil War: From Fighters to Political Refugees in the Cold War". Journal of Cold War Studies 16, n.º 3 (julho de 2014): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00471.
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In the fall of 1949, after the end of the Greek Civil War, the bulk of the defeated Greek Communist (KKE) fighters were covertly transported from Albania to Soviet Uzbekistan. This article addresses the covert relocation project, organized by the Soviet Communist Party, and the social engineering program intended to create a prototype Greek People’s Democracy in Tashkent. Drawing on Soviet and Greek Communist Party records, the article raises three major issues: first, the contingencies of postwar transition in the Balkans and the precarious status of the Albanian regime; second, the international Communist response to the military defeat of the KKE in 1949 and the competing visions of the Greek, Soviet, and Albanian parties regarding the future of the Democratic Army of Greece (DAG); third, the intentions of the KKE to establish military bases in Albania and the party’s ensuing effort to transform the agrarian fighters of the DAG into revolutionary cadres for a future victorious repatriation in Greece. Drawing these elements together, the article elucidates the relocation operation of 1949, positions the Greek political refugee experience within the postwar “battle of refugees,” and challenges the widespread historiographical assumption that the KKE immediately abandoned the prospect of a renewed armed confrontation.
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Dorofeyev, Sergey P. "Military Art of Ancient China in the Era of the Three Kingdom". Общество: философия, история, культура, n.º 10 (18 de outubro de 2023): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2023.10.16.
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The military art of Ancient China, which was developed on the basis of the military-theoretical heritage of Sun Tzu, Wu Tzu, contains many examples of achieving victory in war through military cunning, improving tactical techniques of armed struggle, as well as information and psychological impact on the enemy’s troops and population. The era of the Three Kingdoms in the history of China occupies a relatively short period of time – 220–280 A.D., however, the qualitative characteristics of the military aspect deserve special attention. The mili-tary leadership abilities of Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi and other commanders clearly demonstrate the pro-gress in the development of strategy and tactics, military engineering construction of the Celestial Empire. Along with land forces, consisting of infantry and cavalry, there is a river flotilla, capable of solving problems of a strategic nature. The confrontation of the three kingdoms is reflected in the historical chronicles of Chen Shou, the epic of Luo Guan-zhong, numerous studies by Chinese and foreign experts. Sun Tzu’s recommen-dations and instructions were applied in the United States to wage psychological warfare against Russia.
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Becker, Jordan. "Arguing about alliances: the art of agreement in military-pact negotiations". Defence Studies 20, n.º 2 (2 de abril de 2020): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2020.1750301.
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Ferris, John, e Michael I. Handel. "Clausewitz, intelligence, uncertainty and the art of command in military operations". Intelligence and National Security 10, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1995): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432286.
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STJEPANOVIC, DEJAN. "NATIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY: POST-AUTHORITARIAN SERBIA AND GREECE". Southeastern Europe 32, n.º 1 (2007): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633307x00084.
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Abstract Summary: The article analyses post-authoritarian societies of Serbia and Greece in reference to nationalism and the process of democratization. It is a study of the post-dictatorial Greek and Serbian societies in the periods following the end of the Junta and Milosevic's rules. The comparison of these two cases identifies legacy and elements of continuity of the past regimes as features detrimental to the democratization process. The article discusses the inextricable link between the types of "revolutions" or regime changes, where a significant segment of power remained in the hands of the old regimes' structures, which resulted in the creation of somewhat truncated democracies. Failed military ventures and national projects as crucial factors in the development of these post-authoritarian societies are analyzed as well. The case studies of Greece and Serbia and their transitions to democracy, which the article deals with, contribute to better understanding of democratization models and their successful implementation.
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Stella, Francesco. "The Carolingian Answer to the Iconoclastic War and the Birth of Western Art". European Review 30, S1 (novembro de 2022): S33—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798722000308.
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After a long quarrel scattered with persecutions, uprisings, dismissals and replacements of religious authorities, deaths, military expeditions, confiscations and attempts of assassinations in Greece, Italy and other European areas, the Council of Nicaea, in 787, imposed the victory of the iconodules in the Byzantine Empire. The West, especially the Kingdom of the Franks and the Lombards ruled by Charles, later known as Charlemagne, tried to take an official position in the synod of Frankfurt in 794 and in an odd and complex treatise, comprising four books, entitled Opus Caroli, or Libri Carolini, which were recently attributed by Ann Freeman to Theodulf of Orleans, one of the greatest intellectuals of his time. In this work, which we could call the first western treatise on images, the icon is freed from its ritual and cult value, and returned to its artistic use, thus determining, according to some scholars, the larger freedom of figurative representation that characterizes western religious art as compared with the Orthodox one. This stance is followed by a lively debate, involving many authors, the materials of which have not yet been translated and put into full circulation in historical-artistic research.
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Little, Stephen. "Art and Science in LACMA’s Cosmologies Exhibition". Culture and Cosmos 27, n.º 0102 (outubro de 2023): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01227.0219.
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This paper presents an overview of the Cosmologies exhibition that will be presented by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) in late 2024 – early 2025. Created in collaboration with scientists at the Carnegie Observatories and the Griffith Observatory, and a global array of consulting scholars, Cosmologies presents a group of one hundred twenty rare artworks, stone, ceramic, and metal sculptures; paintings; works on paper; manuscripts; astronomical instruments; and computer visualizations. The exhibition’s goal is to explore the variety of human attempts to explain the universe’s origins, mechanics, and meaning. Cosmologies is an aesthetically and intellectually ambitious exhibition that explores the history of multiple cosmologies around the globe from the Neolithic period to the present day, as they have developed across a wide range of regions and cultures, including Indigenous North and South America, Mesoamerica, Neolithic Europe, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, South and Southeast Asia, East Asia (China, Korea, and Japan), the Islamic Middle East, Europe, and the United States, ending with an exploration of the current and future state of cosmology. The exhibition explores the development of cosmologies not only as scientific (i.e., astronomical and observable) systems of understanding, but also as ontological systems of belief that provided models for human beings’ place and purpose in the cosmos.
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Van Steen, Gonda. "The Story of Ali Retzo: Brechtian Theater in Greece under the Military Dictatorship". Journal of Modern Greek Studies 31, n.º 1 (2013): 85–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2013.0010.
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Kozbelt, Aaron. "Psychological Implications of the History of Realistic Depiction: Ancient Greece, Renaissance Italy and CGI". Leonardo 39, n.º 2 (abril de 2006): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2006.39.2.139.
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Art historian Ernst Gombrich argued that learning to create convincing realistic depictions is a difficult, incremental process requiring the invention of numerous specific techniques to solve its many problems. Gombrich's argument is elaborated here in a historical review of the evolution of realistic depiction in ancient Greek vase painting, Italian Renaissance painting and contemporary computer-generated imagery (CGI) in video games. The order in which many problems of realism were solved in the three trajectories is strikingly similar, suggesting a common psychological explanation.
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Bellisari, Andrew. "The Art of Decolonization: The Battle for Algeria’s French Art, 1962–70". Journal of Contemporary History 52, n.º 3 (17 de outubro de 2016): 625–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416652715.
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In May 1962 French museum administrators removed over 300 works of art from the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Algiers and transported them, under military escort, to the Louvre in Paris. The artwork, however, no longer belonged to France. Under the terms of the Evian Accords it had become the official property of the Algerian state-to-be and the incoming nationalist government wanted it back. This article will examine not only the French decision to act in contravention of the Evian Accords and the ensuing negotiations that took place between France and Algeria, but also the cultural complexities of post-colonial restitution. What does it mean for artwork produced by some of France’s most iconic artists – Monet, Delacroix, Courbet – to become the cultural property of a former colony? Moreover, what is at stake when a former colony demands the repatriation of artwork emblematic of the former colonizer, deeming it a valuable part of the nation’s cultural heritage? The negotiations undertaken to repatriate French art to Algeria expose the kinds of awkward cultural refashioning precipitated by the process of decolonization and epitomizes the lingering connections of colonial disentanglement that do not fit neatly into the common narrative of the ‘end of empire'.
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Kuldashev, Uktam, e Khurriyat Saidova. "Short information about the history of translation theory". Общество и инновации 4, n.º 5/S (27 de junho de 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss5/s-pp1-4.
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This article is devoted to the history of translation. There were given some information about the history of translation is closely connected with the history of culture, art, and literature. A nation cannot develop in its own room. It grows by learning and developing the achievements and experiences of other nations. It is known that the cradle of world civilization goes to the East. When Alexander the Macedonian conquered the East, there was a renaissance of antiquity in Greece, absorbing the achievements of natural sciences in India, the experiences of ancient Iranian culture, and reciprocating the successes of Western science and culture.
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Pritchard, Pritchard. "How do Democracy and War Affect Each Other? The Case Study of Ancient Athens". Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 24, n.º 2 (2007): 328–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000120.
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This article considers the state of research on the two-way relationship of causation between politics and war in ancient Athens from the attempted coup of Cylon in 632 BC to the violent overthrow of its democracy by theMacedonians in 322. Also canvassed is how a closer integration of Ancient History and Political Science can enhance the research of each discipline into the important problem of democracy’s effect on war-making. Classical Athens is well known for its full development of popular politics and its cultural revolution, which clearly was a dependent variable of the democracy. By contrast, few are aware of its contemporaneous military revolution, which saw the classical Athenians intensify the waging of war and gain an unrivalled record of military success and innovation. Although a prima facie case exists for these military changes being due to popular government, ancient historians have conducted very little research on the impact of democracy on war. In the last decade our discipline has also witnessed the collapse of the longstanding understanding of the affect of military changes on political developments in ancient Greece, which means we can no longer explain why Athenian democracy emerged and was consolidated during the classical period. For the sake of ameliorating this situation the article proposes new directions and a social-science approach for research into the military and non-military causes of Athenian democratisation and the relative effect of Athenian democracy on warfare. At a time when established democracies face complex challenges of foreign policy such research into the case study of ancient Athens is of real contemporary relevancy.
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Gądek-Moszczak, Aneta. "HISTORY OF STEREOLOGY". Image Analysis & Stereology 36, n.º 3 (18 de dezembro de 2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.1867.
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Nowadays it is difficult to list all disciplines where stereology is applied, starting from biology and medicine, through materials science, geology and agriculture, up to military systems, biometry, meteorology, geography, physics, astronomy, sophisticated vision systems and even history or art sciences. The strength of the stereology as a scientific discipline lies in its multidisciplinary character and even now, in the century of the digital revolution, doesn’t become obsolete. Over the last five decades stereology has responded to the challenges of the times. Its creators and enthusiasts have adapted this field of science to the current challenges existing practically everywhere if only an image (formally: section or projection) is a source of information.
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Kay, Carolyn. "German children’s art during World War I". Global Studies of Childhood 11, n.º 2 (25 de maio de 2021): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20436106211015694.
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My article considers German wartime propaganda and pedagogy from 1914 to 1916, which influenced young schoolchildren (aged 5–14) to create drawings and paintings of Germany’s military in World War I. In this art, the children drew bodies of German soldiers as tough, heroic, on the move, armed with powerful weapons, and part of a superior military movement; their enemies (French, Russian, British soldiers) embodied disorder, backwardness, ineptitude, and deadly weakness. The artwork by these schoolchildren thus reveals the intense propaganda of the war years, and the children’s tendency to see the German military as the most accomplished combatant in the war. During the first two years of the war, in the primary schools of the nation, many children did such art under the supervision of teachers who passionately embraced the nation and the war cause. Within the classroom, teachers directed students to imagine the war by drawing scenes of battles, including the sinking of the Lusitania. Some of these teachers had been influenced by the Kunsterziehungsbewegung (the arts’ education movement) and thus encouraged children’s creativity in art of the war years. In this pedagogical wartime environment the young student became actively engaged in creative learning and study about the war, expressing romantic ideas of the indomitable German soldier and sailor. My research has involved analysis of over 250 school drawings done by children aged 10–14 in a school in Wilhelmsburg, near Hamburg, in 1915. I analyze the depiction of the German forces in six of these sources and also consider the history of art instruction in German schools. Furthermore, I address the ways in which historians can analyze children’s art as a historical document for understanding the child’s experience.
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Casapu, Eugen, e Marius Nicoară. "Elements of Air Power in the Romanian Military Art Evolution". Romanian Military Thinking 2024, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2024): 110–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2024.1.07.
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The emergence of the aircraft as a means of combat has changed both the strategies and the tactics of waging wars, determining in a relatively short time major changes at the level of the forces doctrines, organization and training, their management, as well as command and control arrangements. At the same time, the aircraft has proved to be an important vector of progress and human civilization in the technical, economic, social and cultural fields, playing an important role in both war and peace. The ability of the air force to fulfil its role in a war or in military operations depends on the science and skill in harnessing the components of air power. The evolution of these components over time is reflected by the history of military art, which highlights both continuity and tradition as well as innovation. Moreover, it points out the similarities and differences, draws the necessary conclusions, which, filtered by military thinking, give the opportunity to formulate new rules and principles to be inserted in military doctrines and regulations, in training and education plans, as well as in economic development strategies and policies, including the defence and aeronautical industries, both civilian and military. The Romanian aviation has adapted, since the first use of the aircraft as a weapon, to the new reality of the battlefield, and this article is aimed at presenting the evolution of the concepts of its use in the first half of the 20th century, the principles of the use of aviation in battle, as well as the lessons learned following the participation of the Romanian military aviation in the campaigns of the two world conflagrations. To meet this purpose, the method of studying historical documents is employed.
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Cartledge, Paul. "Jeremy McInerny. Greece in the ancient world / Richard T. Neer. Art and archaeology of the Greek world. A new history, c.2500-c.150 BCE". Journal of Greek Archaeology 4 (1 de janeiro de 2019): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v4i.516.
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Jeremy McInerny. Greece in the ancient world. pp. 368, 273 colour illustrations. 2018. London and New York: Thames andHudson. ISBN 978–0–500–25226–0. £35 Richard T. Neer. Art and archaeology of the Greek world. A new history, c.2500-c.150 BCE. Second edition. pp. 408, 559 colourillustrations. 2019. London and New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978–0–500–052082. £45
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McDonald, Christopher. "From Art Form to Engineering Discipline? A History of US Military Software Development Standards, 1974–1998". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 32, n.º 4 (outubro de 2010): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2009.58.
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Marantzidis, Nikos, e Rori Lamprini. "Sinistra e destra in Grecia dal XX al XXI secolo". MEMORIA E RICERCA, n.º 41 (fevereiro de 2013): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2012-041005.
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Left and Right in Greece from the 20th into the 21st century The article explores the evolution of left/right division in Greece, drawing upon macro sociological theories regarding social and political cleavages. It analyses the major historical divisions that have given meaning to the left/right dichotomy and have structured Greek party system over a century. Among a series of wars, civil quarrels, economical and political crises, which have taken place throughout the Twentieth century, two civil conflicts have marked political rivalries and configured political identities: the National Schism (1915-1917) and the Civil War (1943-1949). They have established a three-camp party system, which had endured until the 1967-1974 military dictatorship. The democratization of the country and the liberalization of political institutions in the post-junta era gave birth to new coalitions and political formations, which established a two-party system on the basis of right/anti-right dichotomy. The outbreak of economic crisis in 2010 and the austerity measures that came as a consequence have divided society and politics in two camps: the advocates and opponents of the Memorandum. The political stances regarding the management of the crisis has magnified the significance of pro/anti-memorandum cleavage and, thus, weakened the importance of the left/right division.
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Cadogan, G. "Water management in Minoan Crete, Greece: the two cisterns of one Middle Bronze Age settlement". Water Supply 7, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2007): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.012.
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The two earliest structures of Minoan Crete that may be considered as large cisterns were both built in the first half of the second millennium BC (the time of the first Minoan palaces) at Myrtos-Pyrgos (Ierapetra). A considerable feat of engineering and social management, they remain a most unusual attribute of a Minoan settlement, all the more so since the Myrtos river is/was available to supply water at the foot of the hill of Pyrgos. This paper presents these cisterns, briefly, in terms of geology and technology, the history of their use and re-use, and their relevance to understanding the culture and society (at local and regional levels) of Crete in the time of the Old Palaces, as well as their possible contribution to the political and military history of the period. I then review possible precursors of, and architectural parallels to, the Pyrgos cisterns at Knossos, Malia and Phaistos (none of which has been proved to be a cistern), and the later history of cisterns in Bronze Age Crete. Since only three others are known (at Archanes, Zakro and Tylissos, of Late Bronze Age date), the two cisterns of Myrtos-Pyrgos are an important addition to our still rudimentary knowledge of how the Bronze Age Cretans managed their water supplies.
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Bartsocas, Christos S. "A Greek physician’s portrait in Windsor Castle". Journal of Medical Biography 27, n.º 3 (6 de abril de 2017): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772017702344.
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To the visitor to Windsor Castle, the Thomas Lawrence portraits in the Waterloo Chamber represent the most important contributors to the military defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, by British, Prussian, Russian and Austrian forces at the Battle of Waterloo. Nevertheless, only few individuals realise that a Greek physician, Count Ioannis Capodistrias, a native of the island of Corfu, stands among these leading personalities as a diplomat, the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, who contributed remarkably to European unity in the early nineteenth century and as a statesman (‘Governor’ of Greece) with a tragic end to his life, after establishing a Greek State practically from ruins.
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Katsikas, Stefanos. "Millets in Nation-States: The Case of Greek and Bulgarian Muslims, 1912–1923". Nationalities Papers 37, n.º 2 (março de 2009): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990902745726.
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It is estimated that, in 1913, less than 500,000 Muslims lived in the regions ruled by Greece and around 800,000 Muslims in those areas which were under the authority of the Bulgarian state. In the aftermath of the 1923 obligatory Greco-Turkish population exchange the number of Muslims in Greece reduced to approximately 200,000, of which around 180,000 lived in the region of Western Thrace and 20–25,000 Albanian-speaking Muslims, known as Çams, in Epirus and Greek South-West Macedonia. In the same period, the number of Muslims in Bulgaria was between 800,000 and one million people. Meanwhile, during the two Balkan and the First World Wars a hardly definable number of Muslims lost their lives due to starvation, disease, massacres and physical destruction caused by the military and paramilitary troops of the two Balkan states, as well as due to voluntary and forced migration to areas controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
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Ryabova, Vera I. "Book Collections of European Military Libraries of the 18th — 19th Centuries in the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, n.º 4 (10 de setembro de 2021): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-4-385-394.
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It is known that the history of book collections of past centuries’ libraries, including military ones, is tragic: for many reasons, they are often either scattered or preserved in small fragments. Today, when libraries intensively work to digitize their holdings and search out historical book collections, it is very important to identify and attribute books from foreign, as well as from Russian military libraries.For the first time, the article describes the work carried out to identify publications of foreign (and partly Russian) military libraries from the rare books collection of the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article considers the publications as a source of information about scientific knowledge (military libraries were aimed to acquaint their readers with the basics of military art and the latest achievements in military science). There is shown that the content of such libraries’ collections did not exclude thematic diversity, targeted to comprehensively form the officer’s personality: professional, moral and cultural. The article examines the books of the 18th—19th centuries from military libraries of Europe, currently stored in the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the book marks in them proving the publications’ belonging to specific military libraries. There is highlighted the importance of book marks for the attribution of collections (and libraries) that existed in the past, but turned out to be scattered. The results obtained show that the publications and book marks of military book collections are a strong and reliable source in studying the history of military affairs, military science, and the history of military libraries, and confirm the need for further serious work with the library’s rare book collection.
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Scholz, Norbert. "BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PERIODICAL LITERATURE". Journal of Palestine Studies 33, n.º 3 (2004): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2004.33.3.206.
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This section lists articles and reviews of books relevant to Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Entries are classified under the following headings: Reference and General; History (to 1948) and Geography; Palestinian Politics and Society; Jerusalem; Israeli Politics, Society, and Zionism; Arab and Middle Eastern Politics; International Relations; Law; Military; Economy, Society, and Education; Literature and Art; Book Reviews; and Reports Received.
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Scholz, Norbert. "BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PERIODICAL LITERATURE". Journal of Palestine Studies 34, n.º 1 (2004): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2004.34.1.195.
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This section lists articles and reviews of books relevant to Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Entries are classified under the following headings: Reference and General; History (to 1948) and Geography; Palestinian Politics and Society; Jerusalem; Israeli Politics, Society, and Zionism; Arab and Middle Eastern Politics; International Relations; Law; Military; Economy, Society, and Education; Literature and Art; Book Reviews; and Reports Received.
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Kontopanagou, Katerina, Vasiliki Koutsou e Foteini Tsakmaki. "Remarks on the Anonymous Collective Sponsorships in Post-Byzantine Epirus (Greece): The Case of an Eighteenth-Century Painting Workshop". Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Historica 25, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2021): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/auash.2021.25.1.4.
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Co-operative patronage is based on the joint effort of individuals, lay or clerical, couples, families, colleagues, ecclesiastical and military authorities, or fellow citizens. Through the donor inscriptions are revealed the different categories of such co-operative patronage in Byzantine and Post-Byzantine society. In the Greek-speaking Post-Byzantine world, such types of anonymous groups of donors and benefactors most often came from a community as a whole, or certain inhabitants of a region, while collective donations by groups of monks were also widespread. The present paper examines the practice of anonymous collective sponsorships in Post-Byzantine Epirus, presenting the surviving monuments from the sixteenth to the seventeenth century and, in detail, the cases of anonymous collective sponsorships in a specific painting workshop of the eighteenth century, that of the so-called Kapesovite painters. In Post-Byzantine period the special privileges from the Ottomans and the development of trade, contributed to the Epirus’s cultural development. The tectonic transformations in the residential network of Epirus began in the late sixteenth century and increased after the seventeenth century. During the eighteenth century, the flourishing of Post-Byzantine art is a fact, indicating the gradual rise to prevalence of the parishes and the communities over the monastic establishments and individual donors. The financial and commercial privileges, especially after the treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca (1774), contributed decisively to religious monuments’ construction or renovation. The financial circumstances and the social cohesion of the Orthodox Christians in Epirus favored the increase of anonymous collective sponsorship in the eighteenth century. The monuments of that period evidence a significant amount of co-operative patronage, in which “anonymity” starred among the donors. The anonymous collective sponsorships indicates the community’s cohesion and the benefactor’s desire to create a legacy for future generations.
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Glantz, David M. "Excerpts on Soviet 1938–40 operations fromthe history of warfare, military art, and military science,a 1977 textbook of the military academy of the general staff of the USSR armed forces". Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6, n.º 1 (março de 1993): 85–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518049308430091.
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Bernard, Maurice, e Jean-Michel Dupouy. "Up Close: Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France: Materials Science in the Service of Art History". MRS Bulletin 19, n.º 7 (julho de 1994): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940004759x.
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Until the 18th century, the word “art” meant the product of the artisan (not the artist) and, by extension, also meant the product itself. Objects manufactured by craftsmen had, first of all, a useful function, although they might also have had a symbolic or aesthetic meaning. The concept of aesthetics is actually much older, considering the antiquity of Rome and Greece. And in Egypt, 3,500 years ago, at Saqqara, the first stone pyramid was engraved by scribes expressing their admiration for it.These artisans were famous for the quality of their work, for their genius in mastering their knowledge. One is reminded of Phidias in Athens, Michelangelo and Julius II, or Leonardo da Vinci and Francois the 1st.However, the social status of such artists was probably not very different from the status of other exceptional artisans in fields such as jewelry, metallurgy, clothing, music, etc. “Ĺart pour l'art,” a tenet which ignored the function of the object, arose only during the last century. In other words, almost all objects or artifacts in museums were originally devised and built to achieve a very specific and useful function.
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Kurganov, V. M., M. V. Gryaznov e A. N. Dorofeev. "The Study of the Logistics Ontology by the Historical-Genetic Method". World of Transport and Transportation 21, n.º 3 (20 de novembro de 2023): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-3-12.
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The objective of the study is to establish the origin and evolution of the term «logistics», understood as management of material flows and stocks. The historical-genetic method and content analysis were used in the study of available sourcesThe inconsistency of assumptions about the origin of the name «logistics» in the modern interpretation from ancient Greece and the Byzantine Empire is shown. There is also no connection between the mathematical logic developed by Leibniz and the content of logistics in economics and military affairs. The illegitimacy of explaining the evolution of the term «logistics» by random coincidences of words that are homonyms and related to different historical eras and countries has been established.The priority of G. V. Jomini in formulation of the principles of logistics in his works on the art of war, written after emigration to the Russian Empire, is confirmed. Due to the spread of Jomini’s works in the countries of the world, logistics began to develop in its modern form, initially in the military sphere, and then in economic activity.The reasons that led to intensive development of logistics during the Second World War and in the postwar period are systematized. Differences in priorities during these periods in the countries of the world are studied. Two main trends were identified, one of which was to use the competitive advantages of logistics in a market environment, and the other to ensure spatial connectivity and transport accessibility of territories.
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Balikić, Lucija, John Paul Newman e Vojtěch Pojar. "Introduction: The Sokol Movement between State and Society in Interwar East Central and Southeastern Europe". East Central Europe 50, n.º 2-3 (9 de outubro de 2023): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763308-50020001.
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Abstract This special issue is the result of the three year-long collaboration between the contributors and a larger group of scholars on the topic of Sokol and analogous organizations and phenomena mainly in East Central Europe in the modern era. Our goal was to examine such organizations from multiple perspectives, including the history of political thought, the history of knowledge production, military history, art history, youth history, urban history, the history of religion, history of sports, as well as the history of medicine and eugenics. To that end, we organized three events whereby we identified key themes and workshopped the contributions to the prospective special issue, as well as situated our findings within broader disciplinary and theoretical frameworks.
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Kornetis, Kostis. "Cultural Resistances in Post-Authoritarian Greece: Protesting the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus in 1974". Journal of Contemporary History 56, n.º 3 (4 de fevereiro de 2021): 639–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009420961455.
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The July 1974 invasion of Cyprus by Turkey caught the Greek Colonels (1967–74) off guard, as they proved entirely incapable of responding to the casus belli, partly provoked by their own actions. Greece remained technically in the state of military mobilisation for about four months and with the democratic transition well underway. This article catalogues the ways in which this conflict mobilised Greek civil society in unprecedented ways. Using oral testimonies, press clippings and three major documentaries of the time (Nikos Koundouros’ The Songs of Fire, Michael Cacoyannis’ Attila 74, and Nikos Kavoukidis’ Testimonials), the article dissects the cultural resistances against the war in one of the most traumatic moments in contemporary Greek history. It analyses the gigantic concerts that took place in the largest stadiums of Athens to protest the war, next to mass demonstrations and popular films protesting the invasion. It argues that these cultural events and artifacts re-enacted facets of the anti-Vietnam War movement and the respective countercultural scene in the US of the late 1960s. The article concludes that these modes of cultural and political resistance activated post-authoritarian Greek civil society, renegotiating the parameters of political participation and partly resetting the agenda of the country’s foreign policy following popular demand.
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Bibi, Ambreen, Saimaan Ashfaq, Qazi Muhammad Saeed Ullah e Naseem Abbas. "Ajoka Theatre as an Icon of Liberal Humanist Values". Review of Education, Administration & LAW 4, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2021): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v4i1.135.
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There are multiple ways of transferring human values, cultures and history from one generation to another. Literature, Art, Paintings and Theatrical performances are the real reflection of any civilization. In the history of subcontinent, theatres played a vital role in promoting the Pakistani and Indian history; Mughal culture and traditions. Pakistani theatre, “Ajoka” played significant role to propagate positive, humanitarian and liberal humanist values. This research aims to investigate the transformation in the history of Pakistani theatre specifically the “Ajoka” theatre that was established under the government of military dictatorship in Pakistan in the late nineteenth century. It was not a compromising time for the celebration of liberal humanist values in Pakistan as the country was under the rules of military dictatorship. The present study is intended to explore the dissemination of liberal humanist values in the plays and performances of “Ajoka” theatre. The research is meant to highlight the struggle of “Ajoka” theatre for enhancing the message of love, tolerance, peace and other humanist values in such crucial time.
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Goldstein, Cora Sol. "The Ulenspiegel and anti-American Discourse in the American Sector of Berlin". German Politics and Society 23, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2005): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503005780880722.
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In December 1945, less than six months after the unconditional defeat of the Third Reich and the military occupation of Germany, two anti-Nazi German intellectuals, Herbert Sandberg and Günther Weisenborn, launched the bimonthly journal, Ulenspiegel: Literatur, Kunst, und Satire (Ulenspiegel: Literature, Art and Satire), in the American sector of Berlin. Sandberg, the art editor, was a graphic artist. He was also a Communist who had spent ten years in Nazi concentration camps—the last seven in Buchenwald. Weisenborn, a Social Democrat and the literary editor, was a playwright, novelist, and literary critic. He had been a member of the rote Kapelle resistance group, was captured and imprisoned by the Gestapo in 1942, and was liberated by the Red Army in 1945.
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Sychenkova, Lydia. "Crimean Roots of Dmitry Ainalov". ISTORIYA 12, n.º 12-1 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018596-4.
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The article examines the ethnic origin of Dmitry Aynalov from the Crimean-Azov Greeks, which predetermined the choice of his life's work — the study of Hellenistic art. D. Aynalov's early-formed polylinguism and the acquired cultural traditions of the crimean greeks made it easier for him to study ancient greek history and ancient texts. Knowledge of the crimean tatar and Urum languages from childhood allowed D. Ainalov to feel comfortable, both in Greece and in the tatar environment of Kazan. Art education received in early childhood, allowed D. Aynalov made a significant contribution to the methodology of research of artistic monuments of Byzantium, the middle Ages and the Renaissance. The unexplored iconographic heritage of the scientist is an important evidence of the developed visual thinking of D. Ainalov and his artistic abilities. Since the Italian travels of 1891—1892, the pictorial source has become for D. Aynalov the most important companion of historical research. The introduction of a pictorial source as a full-fledged document in the construction of a system of evidence distinguished D. Ainalova from historians of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, allowed him to reach the forefront of the methodology of historiography and art studies.
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Amosov, Alexander. "On digital economy and artificial intelligence in historical perspective". Obshchestvo i ekonomika, n.º 3 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760019058-2.
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When considering the problems from a historical perspective, it turns out that the ideology of modern digitalization has much in common with the cult of numbers that developed in ancient Greece two and a half thousand years ago. And the origin of the concept of artificial intelligence is rooted in the period when military and civilian electronics was being developed in the USSR, as well as automated lines at industrial enterprises. The article analyzes the projects involving the use of the electronic computers at various levels of economic management. Methodologically, the definitions of the concepts of artificial and human intelligence are given. Based on the "lessons of history", conclusions are drawn about the present day use of positive historical experience, both domestic and foreign.