Livros sobre o tema "Migrations – Guinée"

This book explores the complex literature on climate migration and investigates the epistemological and ethical challenges the topic poses for anyone who takes an interest in the relationship between climate change and human migration. At the heart of the contemporary preoccupation with climate change is a concern for its societal impacts. Among these, its presumed effect on human migration is perhaps the most politically resonant, regardless of whether that politics is oriented towards human or national security. There is, however, a problem: research on the causal link between climate change and migration has shown it to be a highly equivocal one. By extension, it remains unclear what – if any – response is required from law and policy. Carefully structured to guide the reader through the issue of climate migration in a logical and rigorous manner, this book is the first to bring together key critiques, caveats and cautions in order to systematically examine the challenges facing law, policy and research on the topic. At a time in which both the effects of climate change and the causes of migration are of great public and political interest, and in which these interests are often fraught with sentiment and freighted with politics, the book brings dispassionately critical perspectives to bear on a topic that desperately needs it.

Treating broad themes as well as specific topics, this guide to the Great Black Migration will introduce high school students to a touchstone critical to shaping the history of African Americans in the United States. The movement of Southern blacks to the urban North and West over the course of the 20th century had a profound impact on black life, affecting everything from politics and labor to literature and the popular arts. This encyclopedia provides readers and researchers with a comprehensive reference work on this central topic of African American history, exploring the breadth of the black migration experience from its origins in the agricultural economy of the post–Civil War South to the return migration of the late 20th century. Entries cover such topics as the destinations that attracted black migrants, the impact of the Great Migration on black religion, the relationship between migration and black politics, and the patterns of discrimination and racial violence migrants encountered. Unlike more general reference works on African American history, each entry in the encyclopedia situates its subject within the context of black migration and articulates connections between the subject of the entry and the overall history of the migration.

This chapter looks at the enactment of political agendas under the guise of humanitarian outreach through the operations of the CIA-funded Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, Inc. (ARCI). This ostensibly nongovernmental agency targeted intellectual Chinese for assistance and migration, first to aid the Nationalists on Taiwan and then to the United States in fulfillment of the Refugee Relief Act of 1953. Despite the limits of U.S. assistance, the Department of State, through the Office of Refugee and Migration Affairs (ORM) and the U.S. Information Agency (USIA), sought to maximize the impact of such symbolic relief programs. Cold War propaganda proclaimed American friendship and concern for Chinese overseas while reassuring Americans domestically that applicants vetted not only for political views but also for prearranged employment.

A short-tailed shearwater flies from the edge of the Southern Ocean to the rim of the Arctic Circle – and back – every year. This remarkable 30,000 kilometre journey is driven by seabird law. Instinct and community will guide her. A wingspan the size of a child’s outstretched arms will support her. But first, she must catch the wind … Based on birds that live on Griffiths Island, near Port Fairy, Victoria, Windcatcher is a tale of migration, conservation and survival that begins with one small bird called Hope. Written by award-winning children’s author Diane Jackson Hill and illustrated by Craig Smith, one of Australia’s most prolific and popular illustrators, Windcatcher explores the mysteries of seabird migration. For primary aged readers.

The definitive photographic guide to the amazing avifauna of Italy. From the Alps and Dolomites in the north to the coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy has a diverse range of natural habitats. The country is also a migration path across Europe and Africa, making it an exciting place to spot both endemic and migrant birds. This fully revised and updated guide to the birds of Italy by naturalist Marianne Taylor and Italian photographer Daniele Occhiato covers more than 320 birds most likely to be seen on any visit to the country. Portable and reliable, the concise text for each species includes information on identification, songs and calls, behaviour, distribution, and habitat, with each photo carefully selected to aid identification. A guide to the best birdwatching sites in Italy is also included. This is the perfect guide for travellers and birdwatchers visiting this spectacular and bird-rich country in southern Europe.

The prehistory of Oceania begins with the occupation of New Guinea over 50,000 years ago, up to the settlement of Aotearoa/New Zealand in the last 700 years. The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania presents this history in regional overviews and debates through 21 chapters by leading archaeologists and scholars of allied fields. Chapters present the latest findings and future research directions on the New Guinea region and archipelagos from Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa in the western Pacific. Micronesia, East Polynesia, Hawaii, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Easter Island are also discussed in individual chapters. Chapters on wider disciplinary issues summarize key points of method and theory in Oceanic archaeology, including the generation of explanations, building chronologies, linguistic prehistory, coastline evolution, settlement systems, and maritime migration.

The definitive photographic guide to the amazing avifauna of France. France is known for its remarkable scenery, from the Camargue region and the dramatic peaks of the Alps – home to Greater Flamingos and Spotted Nutcrackers respectively – to the vast, tranquil woodland where Black Woodpeckers can be found nesting. Situated at the crossroads of bird migration, its varied natural landscape provides an exciting destination to observe both resident and migrant birds. This second edition has been expanded to showcase 301 regularly occurring species, each accompanied with stunning photography. Concise text for each species includes details on identification, songs and calls, behaviour, distribution and habitat, with each photo carefully selected to aid identification. A guide to the best birdwatching sites in France is also included. Portable yet authoritative, this is the perfect companion for any wildlife enthusiast visiting or living in France.

Compared to the early decades of the 20th century, when scholarly writing on African Americans was limited to a few titles on slavery, Reconstruction, and African American migration, the last thirty years have witnessed an explosion of works on the African American experience. With the Civil Rights and Black Power movements of the 1960s came an increasing demand for the study and teaching of African American history followed by the publication of increasing numbers of titles on African American life and history. This volume provides a comprehensive bibliographical and analytical guide to this growing body of literature as well as an analysis of how the study of African Americans has changed.

The definitive photographic guide to the avifauna of Spain. Spain is recognised as one of Europe’s richest birdwatching destinations, one that offers a host of regional specialities. It includes famous birding hotspots such as the vast Coto Doñana wetlands, mountainous areas such as the Pyrenees and Picos de Europa, the Mediterranean oak forests of the south, the migration crossroads of the Strait of Gibraltar and the plains of Extremadura. Completely revised and updated, this new version ofBirds of Spainprovides photographic coverage of more than 320 species that regularly occur in the region, from the Hoopoe to the Golden Eagle. Concise text for each species includes information on identification, songs and calls, behaviour, distribution and habitat, with each photo having been carefully selected to aid identification. A guide to the best birdwatching sites in Spain is also included. Portable yet authoritative, this is the perfect companion for any wildlife-friendly visitor to this spectacular and bird-rich country.

The study is funded by Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), a member of Qatar Foundation, and is a collaboration between the Muslim Resource Centre for Social Support and Integration of London, Ontario; University of Guelph, Ontario; and University of Calgary, Alberta, all located in Canada; and the Doha International Family Institute, Qatar. The study received research ethics approval from the University of Guelph and the University of Calgary. This study aims to assess the impact of pre- and post-migration on marital relationships and family dynamics for Arab refugee families resettled in Canada. The study also examines the role of professional service providers in supporting these Arab refugee families. The unique experiences of Arab families displaced from their countries due to war and political conflict, and the various hardships experienced during their stay in transit countries, impact their family relations and interactions within the nuclear family context and their interconnectedness with their extended families. Furthermore, these families encounter various challenges within their resettlement process that interrupt their integration. Understanding the impact of traumatic experiences within the pre-migration journey as well as the impact of post-migration stressors on recently settled Arab refugee families in Canada provides insight into the shift in spousal and family relationships. Refugee research studies that focus on the impact of pre-migration trauma and displacement, the migration journey, and post-migration settlement on family relationships are scarce. Since the majority of global refugees in recent years come from Arab regions, mainly Syria, as a result of armed conflicts, this study is focused on the unique experiences of Arab refugee families fleeing conflict zones. The Canadian role in recently resettling a large influx of Arab refugees and assisting them to successfully integrate has not been without challenges. Traumatic pre-migration experiences as a result of being subjected to and/or witnessing violence, separation from and loss of family members, and loss of property and social status coupled with experiences of hardships in transit countries have a profound impact on families and their integration. Refugees are subjected to individual and collective traumatic experiences associated with cultural or ethnic disconnection, mental health struggles, and discrimination and racism. These experiences have been shown to impact family interactions. Arab refugee families have different definitions of “family” and “home” from Eurocentric conceptualizations which are grounded in individualistic worldviews. The discrepancy between collectivism and individualism is mainly recognized by collectivist newcomers as challenges in the areas of gender norms, expectations regarding parenting and the physical discipline of children, and diverse aspects of the family’s daily life. For this study, we interviewed 30 adults, all Arab refugees (14 Syrian and 16 Iraqi – 17 males, 13 females) residing in London, Ontario, Canada for a period of time ranging from six months to seven years. The study participants were married couples with and without children. During the semi-structured interviews, the participants were asked to reflect on their family life during pre-migration – in the country of origin before and during the war and in the transit country – and post-migration in Canada. The inter - views were conducted in Arabic, audio-recorded, and transcribed. We also conducted one focus group with seven service providers from diverse sectors in London, Ontario who work with Arab refugee families. The study used the underlying principles of constructivist grounded theory methodology to guide interviewing and a thematic analysis was performed. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate coding and the identification of key themes within the transcribed interviews. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the focus group transcription. The thematic analysis of the individual interviews identified four key themes: • Gender role changes influence spousal relationships; • Traumatic experiences bring suffering and resilience to family well-being; • Levels of marital conflict are higher following post-migration settlement; • Post-migration experiences challenge family values. The outcome of the thematic analysis of the service provider focus group identified three key themes: • The complex needs of newly arrived Arab refugee families; • Gaps in the services available to Arab refugee families; • Key aspects of training for cultural competencies. The key themes from the individual interviews demonstrate: (i) the dramatic sociocul - tural changes associated with migration that particularly emphasize different gender norms; (ii) the impact of trauma and the refugee experience itself on family relation - ships and personal well-being; (iii) the unique and complex aspects of the family journey; and (iv) how valued aspects of cultural and religious values and traditions are linked in complex ways for these Arab refugee families. These outcomes are consist - ent with previous studies. The study finds that women were strongly involved in supporting their spouses in every aspect of family life and tried to maintain their spouses’ tolerance towards stressors. The struggles of husbands to fulfill their roles as the providers and protec - tors throughout the migratory journey were evident. Some parents experienced role shifts that they understood to be due to the unstable conditions in which they were living but these changes were considered to be temporary. Despite the diversity of refugee family experiences, they shared some commonalities in how they experi - enced changes that were frightening for families, as well as some that enhanced safety and stability. These latter changes related to safety were welcomed by these fami - lies. Some of these families reported that they sought professional help, while others dealt with changes by becoming more distant in their marital relationship. The risk of violence increased as the result of trauma, integration stressors, and escalation in marital issues. These outcomes illustrate the importance of taking into consideration the complexity of the integration process in light of post-trauma and post-migration changes and the timespan each family needs to adjust and integrate. Moreover, these families expressed hope for a better future for their children and stated that they were willing to accept change for the sake of their children as well. At the same time, these parents voiced the significance of preserving their cultural and religious values and beliefs. The service providers identified gaps in service provision to refugee families in some key areas. These included the unpreparedness of professionals and insufficiency of the resources available for newcomer families from all levels of government. This was particularly relevant in the context of meeting the needs of the large influx of Syrian refugees who were resettled in Canada within the period of November 2015 to January 2017. Furthermore, language skills and addressing trauma needs were found to require more than one year to address. The service providers identified that a longer time span of government assistance for these families was necessary. In terms of training, the service providers pinpointed the value of learning more about culturally appropriate interventions and receiving professional development to enhance their work with refugee families. In light of these findings, we recommend an increased use of culturally integrative interventions and programs to provide both formal and informal support for families within their communities. Furthermore, future research that examines the impact of culturally-based training, cultural brokers, and various culturally integrative practices will contribute to understanding best practices. These findings with regard to refugee family relationships and experiences are exploratory in their nature and support future research that extends understanding in the area of spousal relationships, inter - generational stressors during adolescence, and parenting/gender role changes.

Administrative records, surveys, and censuses are all important resources for understanding the extent and nature of existing inequities and biases. When individuals, households, and peoples (pueblos) are properly identified based on their ethnicity, race, disability status, sexual orientation, migration status, gender identity, or other characteristics, gaps in socioeconomic indicators across these groups can be quantified. This enables policymakers to focus efforts and resources towards the most disadvantaged and promote equity. The lack of disaggregated data representative of diverse groups limits our understanding of their living conditions and economic opportunities. It also poses a significant challenge. This guide supports individuals interested in collecting or analyzing data on indigenous peoples, African descendants, people with disabilities, and LGBTQ populations by providing conceptual and empirical tools for specialists.

Administrative records, surveys, and censuses are all important resources for understanding the extent and nature of existing inequities and biases. When individuals, households, and peoples (pueblos) are properly identified based on their ethnicity, race, disability status, sexual orientation, migration status, gender identity, or other characteristics, gaps in socioeconomic indicators across these groups can be quantified. This enables policymakers to focus efforts and resources towards the most disadvantaged and promote equity. The lack of disaggregated data representative of diverse groups limits our understanding of their living conditions and economic opportunities. It also poses a significant challenge. This guide supports individuals interested in collecting or analyzing data on indigenous peoples, African descendants, people with disabilities, and LGBTQ populations by providing conceptual and empirical tools for specialists.

The chapter analyses the chrestomathies (tadhkiras) of Persian-language Sunni religious poets have published in Iranian Baluchistan since the late 1990s. It demonstrates how the ulama of the Sarbaz nexus, and their centralised transregional madrasa network, have managed to impose their discursive hegemony in Easternmost Iran, with the assistance of local Shia-background institutions and NGOs patronized by Guide Ali Khamenei. This triumph of the Islamic discourse of the Deoband School in Iranian territory, and the eclipse of tribal authority from Baluch memory, are explained here as effects of the anti-tribal modernisation policy implemented by the Pahlavi monarchy and its encouragement of Shia migration to the country’s Sunni-peopled peripheries – which had been exposed, already, by Iranian anticolonial discourse of the 1960s-70s.

It is well documented that immigrants who arrive in the United States have superior health compared with native-born individuals. However, US evidence suggests that this initial health advantage erodes over time, a process referred to as “unhealthy assimilation,” the “acculturation paradox,” or the “immigrant paradox.” Variation in terminology reflects divergence in the conceptual frameworks researchers have used to approach the study of immigrant health, and in particular, how adaptation to US culture and environment influences health. The goal of this chapter is to summarize the evidence on studies that examine these questions in US immigrants with regard to chronic disease risk, in particular obesity, diabetes, and physical activity. A theoretical framework is proposed that can guide interpretation of findings on studies of chronic disease risk in US immigrants and inform future studies that aim to examine the influence of migration on health from a global perspective.

The world is currently in the midst of unprecedented challenges—from the impacts of climate change and the humanitarian crisis of forced migration, to the rise of nationalism and epidemic growth of deaths of despair. These challenges require new approaches catalyzing communities, cities, and countries around the globe to embrace a well-being agenda to assess progress and guide solutions. Thus, this book provides ideas and guidance on advancing well-being locally, nationally, and internationally. It illuminates how diverse communities and cultures can work together to strengthen these efforts. Ultimately, the well-being framework offers an equity focus; a more human centered view of how things are going; holistic approaches; and interconnectedness. The goal here is to advance global dialogue and action on the well-being construct, and to inform the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) work with others to create a Culture of Health in the United States.

Originating in the Great Lakes area, the Kickapoo Indians are now divided into four groups living in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and Mexico. Considered the most traditional of all North American Indian tribes, the Kickapoo maintain much of their traditional culture, religion, and language. This book provides the first comprehensive bibliography on the history and culture of the Kickapoo Indians. Covering materials from the 1800s to 1998, it includes books and book chapters, journal articles, theses and dissertations, conference papers, government publications, and Internet sites. Opening with an introduction providing an overview of the Kickapoo, the book is arranged topically. Descriptive and critical annotations guide researchers to the most useful sources on a plethora of topics. Topical sections include such subjects as acculturation, ceremonies, culture, folklore, and food as well as such issues as education, housing, economics, relations with whites, land tenure and migration, and medicine and health.

The interplay between mind and body is a rapidly developing area of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, growing in prominence as many areas of medicine recognise the importance of understanding the physical, mental, and social aspects of complex conditions. Clinical Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology: A Patient-centred Biopsychosocial Practice is the fundamental work facilitating the management of women's disease conditions resulting from psychosomatic or mind-body interactions that are routinely encountered by clinicians. Authored by a world-renowned group of contributors who have led a transformative approach to the way services to women are approached, Clinical Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology comprehensively addresses the biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors leading to disease manifestations. Including methods for prevention, detection and treatment, the text is supported by > 30 clinical vignettes taken from real-life situations to support learning and guide clinical practice. Detailed chapters clarify the scientific basis of the clinical psychosomatic concept, prevention of morbidity and mortality from cancer or obesity, pregnancy, and childbirth, migraine and delivery, subfertility, premenstrual disorders, vulval pain, psycho-oncology, sexual health, and psychosomatic implications of migration and cultural issues, this title is a highly topical and much-needed guide to addressing clinical conditions that compromise women's health as well as their mental and social well-being.

Identity and Belonging examines the interplay between self and society and in doing so explores the complex nature of 'who we are' and 'how we come to be' as individuals and as members of various social groups. Investigating issues of identity and belonging as they emerge in contemporary social life and under conditions of globalisation, the book focuses on continuity and change in the formation of identities and communities. Through a variety of examples and case studies, the chapters discuss how elements such as ethnicity, class, gender and sexuality intersect and are experienced both locally and transnationally. As a modern guide to some classic themes and key thinkers in the discipline of sociology, this accessible text can be used to introduce core topics of identity, social divisions and globalisation, as well as to investigate in detail more specific themes and issues such as migration, consumption and digital media. It is a useful and comprehensive resource for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology and related disciplines.

Bioarchaeology of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica presents work from both Mesoamerican-based and U.S.-based researchers who use a combination of cultural ethnohistorical, (bio)archaeological, dental, and chemical data in an interdisciplinary approach to research population history in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. The goals for such a project are threefold: 1) to encourage more cross-fertilization of work between fields and subfields, in order to more appropriately address large regional questions of population history; 2) to explicitly address the theoretical and methodological challenges and rewards of interdisciplinary research; and 3) to introduce a larger audience to the state of interdisciplinary work in Mesoamerica. The volume is organized into three primary sections. First, the editors discuss the theory and methods of interdisciplinary research, with a particular focus on bioarchaeological research. Then, we present authored case studies using interdisciplinary methods to analyze the population dynamics of migration and mobility (section two) and explore reconstructions of ethnicity and social identity (section three). A concluding chapter integrates these studies and places them into a broader research framework to guide future research.

Different constitutions of the Court of Appeal have repeatedly warned practitioners (both defence and prosecution) of the need to be fully informed of the law relating to immigration offences and the defences available to criminal charges in an immigration context. Despite these warnings, there are still a number of such appeals each year. Furthermore, the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 has made radical amendments to existing offences that also significantly widen the number of people who are liable for prosecution. This practical guide provides coverage of the investigation and prosecution of immigration offences and ancillary proceedings, as well as criminal cases for foreign nationals. It covers every aspect of a criminal case from detention through to the Court of Appeal, with signposts to where further information can be found, and is up to date with the changes made by the Illegal Migration Act 2023. This is essential reading for criminal law practitioners, immigration law practitioners and the judiciary, as well as for students, academics and those working in third sector and government organisations. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's Immigration and Nationality Law online service.

Provides an invaluable source for students as well as academics on the current condition of African Americans, highlighting disparities throughout an array of social, economic, and political areas. African Americans comprise approximately 12 percent of the population of the United States—a sizable proportion. Yet African Americans are incarcerated at rates disproportionate to their overall population in the United States. By examining a wide range of socioeconomic topics and supplying necessary background and contextual information, this book offers a multidimensional view of African American life that covers such critical areas as education, health, immigration and migration, employment, and the economy. This statistical guide presents extensive demographics on African Americans, breaks down the hard numbers, explains what the statistics indicate about the socioeconomic condition of African American life, and places this information into historical and contemporary context. This book also provides detailed comparisons of African Americans to other races and ethnic groups. Readers will be challenged to interpret the numbers and draw logical conclusions from them; as a result, this reference serves to help students build critical thinking skills that are essential to success in the classroom and beyond.

Strongyloidosis is an intestinal parasitism caused by the threadworm, Strongyloides stercoralis. The parasite, occurring in dogs, primates and man, is found throughout the moist tropics, as well as in temperate areas where poor sanitation or other factors facilitate the occurrence of faecally transmitted organisms. In some parts of the world, notably Africa and New Guinea, human infections caused by S. fülleborni have been reported. In Africa, the latter is primarily a parasite of primates, but in New Guinea, no animal host is known. S. stercoralis is unique among zoonotic nematodes, in that larvae passing in the faeces can give rise to a free-living generation of worms which, in turn, give rise to infective larvae. This life history alternative (i.e. heterogonic development) acts as an amplification mechanism, increasing the population of infective larvae in the external environment. The infective larvae are active skin penetrators; infection per os , while possible, is probably of limited importance. Because the parasitic female’s eggs hatch internally, a potential for autoinfection exists when precociously developing larvae attain infectivity while still in the host. This is another virtually unique feature of S. stercoralis infections in both its human and animal hosts. Autoinfection can occasionally escape control by the host, with massive re-penetration and larval migration. This can cause pulmonary or cerebro-spinal strongyloidosis as well as fulminant intestinal parasitism. Control of canine strongyloidosis has been achieved in kennels by strategic use of anthelmintics. Given the lack of epidemiological information community-based programs to control human strongyloidosis have not been attempted. The growing importance of human strongyloidosis depends upon the unique ability of S. stercoralis to replicate within its host and to behave as a potentially fatal opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, particularly in those receiving corticosteroids.

The 1940s and 1950s were decades of far-reaching change and mobilization in the United States. White culture strove to make nonwhites invisible with segregation and discrimination as Southern blacks continued the Great Migration north and the government brought in Mexican labor via the Bracero Program to take up labor slack while U.S. troops were overseas. The rise of the civil rights movement and Brown v. Board of Education, which struck down segregation in schools 1954, were some results. This volume is THE content-rich source in a desirable decade-by-decade organization to help students and general readers understand the crucial race relations of the war years into the Cold War. Race Relations in the United States, 1940-1960 provides comprehensive reference coverage of the key events, influential voices, race relations by group, legislation, media influences, cultural output, and theories of inter-group interactions. The volume covers two decades with a standard format coverage per decade, including Timeline, Overview, Key Events, Voices of the Decade, Race Relations by Group, Law and Government, Media and Mass Communications, Cultural Scene, Influential Theories and Views of Race Relations, Resource Guide. This format allows comparison of topics through the decades. The bulk of the coverage is topical essays, written in a clear, encyclopedic style. Historical photos, a selected bibliography, and index complement the text.

Designed to create tangible materials which support the demands of this context, the INCLUDEED Erasmus+ project aims to integrate migrants and refugees through one of Europe’s greatest assets - their languages. This guide aims to become an ally of both those who wish to deepen their knowledge of the migration phenomenon and those who wish to facilitate the integration process of these groups. Developed from the experience that the Universities of the consortium have in this field (University of Salamanca, University of Bologna, University of Coimbra, University of Heidelberg, University of Poitiers and Trinity College Dublin), this document emanates from a common effort as well as from the will to form an egalitarian society in terms of integration. However, this would not have been possible without the support of various non-governmental organisations (Red Cross, ACCEM, CEPAIM Foundation and Sierra-Pambley Foundation) which, dedicated to the reception and integration of migrants and refugees throughout Europe, have facilitated the identification of difficulties and enabled bridges to be built between different perspectives and joint efforts to converge in the same direction. This guide addresses the various challenges that emerge during the integration period of these groups and proposes solutions that can help this complex process to be successful. Designed as a useful vade mecum for the performance of the tasks of the various groups (language teaching professionals or volunteers, non-governmental organisations and national and supranational public institutions), it is a support tool that guides the actions of those involved in the process of linguistic integration of newly arrived people. It provides them with a better understanding of the situation in which these groups find themselves and of the tools available to achieve this. In short, it is a document that seeks to bring together, through informative but rigorous text, the theoretical advances in this field and to offer various resources that can be put into practice in real life. Finally, we would like to emphasise that the contents of this guide should be understood as suggestions arising from the experience and commitment of those who have worked on its development and as a tool that will help to answer some of the questions that arise in the process of integration of migrant groups. These questions are currently being answered thanks to the committed engagement of all those who are participating in this project. In addition, information from all the countries in the consortium can be found throughout these pages, which broadens the perspective of most of the tools created so far, making this guide truly an international reference work.

Many describe jazz asa the one true form of American music. Arising out of the syncopated rhythms of African music, Cajun songs, and Ragtime, jazz evolved in many 'scenes' throughout the country. The Young Lions jazz movement in New Orleans spread up the Mississippi in the northern Migration. Communities such as St. Louis and Sedalia became jazz centers, while Count Bassie led a revolution in Kansas City. Chicago became a center of freewheeling jazz in the 1920s with the efforts of Jelly Roll Morton, King Oliver, and Louis Armstrong, while classic jazz and swing took root in New York City in the '30s and '40s behind Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, and Benny Goodman. And while 'boogie woogie' and 'hot jazz' grew out of the Big Apple, a generation of experimental musicians such as Chet Baker and Stan Kenton stood at the forefront of West Coast jazz. Yankow carefully traces the evolution of jazz from regional manifestations to an increasingly national language at the turn of the 20th century. Many audiophiles describe jazz as the one true form of American music. Arising out of the syncopated rhythms of African music, Cajun songs, and Ragtime, jazz evolved in many scenes throughout the country. The Young Lions jazz movement in New Orleans spread up the Mississippi in the northern Migration. Missouri communities such as St. Louis and Sedalia became jazz centers, while Count Basie led a revolution in Kansas City. Chicago became a center of freewheeling jazz in the 1920s with the efforts of Jelly Roll Morton, King Oliver, and Louis Armstrong, while classic jazz and swing took root in New York City in the '30s and '40s behind Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, and Benny Goodman, the King of Swing. And while boogie woogie and hot jazz grew out of the Big Apple, a generation of experimental musicians such as Chet Baker and Stan Kenton stood at the forefront of West Coast jazz and the Los Angeles scene. Noted jazz writer Scott Yanow carefully traces the evolution of jazz from regional manifestations to an increasingly national language at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. TheGreenwood Guide to American Roots Musicseries includes volumes on musical genres that have pervaded American culture. This series describes American musical traditions that have been associated with specific geographic regions throughout our nation. Each volume explores the different ways that a genre, such as jazz, has evolved naturally in different regions and scenes while becoming an undeniable element of American culture.

The book examines the extent to which States in the Pacific region have put in place legislative and administrative measures designed to promote and protect the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples within their State. The book starts by identifying and classifying the various States in the region, and commenting on general trends that are visible across the region. This analysis includes Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Island Countries in the geographic boundaries of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. The region is assessed against human rights standards, and the extent to which State practice conforms to international standards. There are five chapters in the book. The opening chapter conducts a tour d'horizon of the Pacific, identifying the states, delivering a history of the development of the region, comments on theories concerning the original migration of peoples, narrates colonial expeditions and enterprises, and assesses the emergence of independent government and institutions. The record of engagement with international human rights law is examined, in particular the States' ratification of human rights covenants. The attempt to implement a regional human rights mechanism for the Pacific is described with the merits of such a project debated. The subsequent four chapters are case-studies, designed to expose in detail, the extent to which indigenous and minority rights are implemented in the Pacific. Four states were chosen as representative of the challenges that face these groups in the region: Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, and Papua New Guinea. Each chapter is broken-down into four sections, according to the structure of the book series engaging with the history, identification of indigenous and minority groups, the rights of indigenous and minority groups, and the legal and other remedies available.