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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Microstructure (physique) – Microscopie"
Mamoun, Abdeslem. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission de la microstructure de fluage d'alumines polycristallines". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0059.
Texto completo da fonteThe complete comprehension of mechanical damage mechanisms, particularily by creep, of thermomechanical ceramics requires obviously a thorough microstructural characterization of these materials. The present work is devoted to a microstructural study of two polycrystalline ceramics by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The first of these two materials is a fine-grained polycrystalline alpha-alumina. It has a good creep behaviour (i. E. , a low creep rate). TEM study after deformation reveals a cavitation process, which has been evaluated by a statistical approach (i. E. , cavity counting). Results of mechanical tests, previously obtained on this material, have been re-interpreted in terms of theoretical creep models available in the literature; the "interface-controlled diffusional creep" mechanism (in agreement with TEM observations) leads to consistent values for the main parameters of the creep law (i. E. , creep rate and creep exponent). The second material is a similar alpha-alumina, but containing non-negligible quantities of impurities (magnesium and potassium oxides). These compounds lead to the presence of a minor crystalline second-phase, i. E. Potassium beta"' alumina, which has been characterized by means of Conventional, Analytical and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy in the as-received material. This second phase has a spectacular structural evolution in creep: firstly, the beta"' particles convert into spinel phase; the associated volume decrease promotes mechanical damages (nucleation of cavities and microcracks near beta-alumina based particles). Secondly, the diffusion of potassium ions out of platelets during this transformation induces a chemical attack of surrounding alpha-alumina grains. This process has been extensively studied by TEM, and analyzed consistently from a thermodynamical point of view (evaluation of standard Gibbs energy changes of corrosion reactions, and proposition of a realistic scenario explaining the successive physico chemical reactions occurring during creep, and also, during the preparation of thin foils). All these experimental results demonstrate the benefits of TEM for the study of mechanical properties of ceramics
Pechard-Presson, Béatrice. "Méthodologie pour l'étude par analyse d'images de la microstructure de matériaux composites biphasés". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_PECHARD_PRESSON_B.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteReinier, Eric. "Etude de la microscrostructure et des défauts dans les quasicristaux réels". Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30013.
Texto completo da fonteWe have investigated micro structure and defects of quasicrystalline grains by using X-ray Topography (XRT conventional or Synchrotron), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Phase Contrast (PC) at room temperature and during annealing. XRT experiments have revealed loop shape defects in all samples (AlPdMn and AlCuFe icosahedral phase) either after growth or annealing. The annealing behaviour of this defects was followed in situ by XRT. In this case, the evolution of contrast was unusual, because it was modified with the temperature and this effect appeared completely reversible during cooling. On the other hand, a long time annealing process up to 750ʿC XRT have showed that the loop shape defects increase in size and density. Conversely, in the same sample by Electron Microscopy we did not observed loop shape defects but straight line dislocations and we did not observed any modification of dislocation contrast with temperature. Two inhomogeneities were observed by PC : dodecahedron cavities and crystalline lamellae (identified by TEM). Both of these inhomogeneities are in relation with the contrast of loop shape defects. Thereby, we have studied the character of the strain field associated with loop shape defects. This one can result either grain growth or relaxation of strains produce during germination and development of lamellae. In this context, we have suggested that loop shape defects have " phasonic " strain field
Voitot, Thierry. "Etude par microscopie à force atomique des mécanismes de plasticité dans le polypropylène isotactique". Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-292.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteVignolle, Caroline. "Etude de films minces supraconducteurs d'YBaCuO par microscopie électronique en transmission". Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10142.
Texto completo da fonteBardin, Olivier. "Caractérisation microstructural d'alliages Zn-Ni électrodéposés". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT058G.
Texto completo da fontePerrut, Mikaël. "Etude expérimentale par observation in situ de la dynamique non-linéaire des fronts de solidification directionnelle eutectiques fibreux de l'alliage transparent succinonitrile-camphre". Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492990.
Texto completo da fonteWe present an experimental investigation of the dynamics of _brous non-faceted eutectic directional-solidi_cation structures in semi-bulk samples. A transparent succinonitrile-d,camphor alloy is used. The whole structure is followed in real time using a new optical setup, which permits to observe the growth front in oblique view with a micronic resolution. The symmetry of the _brous structure is basically hexagonal. We show that a residual curvature of the isotherms causes a constant stretching of the structure, and leads to a permanent regime near the upper stability threshold (branching instability). Defects are continually generated by the branching. We also show that the lower stability threshold (_bers elimination) coincides with the Eckhaus instability threshold, as measured in thin-sample experiments. We also studied other instabilities of the _brous structure (oscillation, ovalization)
Noël, Jean-Marc. "Analyse dynamique de surfaces fonctionnelles par électrochimie localisée". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S161.
Texto completo da fonteThis manuscript presents the study of the charge transfer process on modified carbon surface using electrochemical methods, and particularly the electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The substrates were modified by the electrochemical reduction of aryldiazonium salts going to the grafting of polyaryl layers, and then followed by the immobilization of different systems to study. We first studied the mechanism of the charges transfers on the surfaces functionalized with redox systems. These studies have shown a relationship between the efficiency of the electronic transfer on the surface, and the proximity between the immobilized redox moieties. Then, we studied the derivation of polyaryl layers with silver nanoparticles and with a biological molecule named glutathione. The immobilization of these non-redox systems confers new properties to the surface; the changes actually occurred in the kinetics of charge transfers. The experiments performed in different solvents have shown an influence on these processes. Finally, we have studied the reactivity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) versus the polyaryl or glutathione modified surfaces. ROS are generated by reducing the oxygen on the surface of the microelectrode by SECM method. It was shown that the reactivity of ROS depends on the nature of the microelectrode (Platinum, Gold). The oxygen reduction on a platinum microelectrode leads to a destructive micropatterning of the organic layer. An erasable micropatterning was performed using a gold microelectrode and the antioxidant properties of glutathione
Azzam, Ahmad. "Microstructure et cinétique de précipitation dans des superalliages modèles CoAlW". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR130/document.
Texto completo da fonteSuperalloys are key material in aerospace industry. These materials are used to manufacturing the high temperature part of aeroengines. Currently Ni-based superalloys are the most widely used materials for high temperature applications. Researches for a new generation of superalloys with better properties have lead in 2006 to the discovery of a new stable L12 ordered, Co3(Al,W) phase embedded in the disordered γ-Co solid-solution matrix. This work aims to study the evolution of the microstructure at 900 °C and understanding the mechanism of dissolution and transformation of the γ' phase. Three different alloys with different Al/W ratios are studied here. TEM and MEB analyses are carried out on samples aged at 900 °C forvarious time. We show that γ' is a metastable phase and it dissolves in favor of B2-CoAl and D019-Co3W phases. Moreover, we highlight a mechanism of dissolution by fragmentation along the {111} close packed planes and stacking faults giving rise to D019 phase. We also study the kinetics of precipitation in the low supersaturated alloys.The early stages of precipitation of the γ' phase in a model Co based superalloy have been investigated at 900 °C using electron microscopy and atom probe tomography in the low supersaturated alloys. Nucleation, growth and coarsening stages have been studied with a focus on the temporal evolution of the precipitate composition in the light of recent theoretical developments on phase separation in multicomponent alloys. The experimental data have been confronted to the theories of nucleation and coarsening recently developed for such alloys, which are valid for non-ideal and non-dilute systems, and predict the temporal evolution of both the matrix and precipitate compositions. The rate constant for the mean size evolution of the particles, as derived from experiments, has been compared to the one predicted by the mentioned coarsening theory that accounts for a more accurate description of the thermodynamics of the phases, as compared with more classical approaches. From this comparison the γ/γ' interfacialenergy was derived and found to range between 30 and 48 mJ/m2. The exponents for the temporal evolution of average particles size, number of particles per unit volume were found identical to those for binary alloys during the coarsening regime, as expected, and the temporal evolutions of compositions in both γ and γ' phases were found to evolve as predictedby theory. Indeed, the W content in the particles, measured from atom probe tomography (APT) experiments, was found to significantly decrease with time and the observed evolution is remarkably well described by the theory and therefore is shown to originate from the competition between diffusion and capillarity
Qin, Ren-Yan. "Etude de la microtexture et de la microstructure superficielle et des propriétés physico-chimiques des surfaces des fibres de carbone". Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0235.
Texto completo da fonteLivros sobre o assunto "Microstructure (physique) – Microscopie"
Brandon, D. G. Microstructural characterization of materials. 2a ed. Chichester, England: John Wiley, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteZlateva, Ganka. Microstructure of metals and alloys: An atlas of transmission electron microscopy images. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteKaplan, Wayne D., e David Brandon. Microstructural Characterization of Materials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteKaplan, Wayne D., e David Brandon. Microstructural Characterization of Materials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2000.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteBrandon, David D., e Wayne D. Kaplan. Microstructural Characterization of Materials. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteBrandon, David D., e Wayne D. Kaplan. Microstructural Characterization of Materials. 2a ed. Wiley, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteKaplan, Wayne D., e David Brandon. Microstructural Characterization of Materials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteKaplan, Wayne D., e David Brandon. Microstructural Characterization of Materials. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteQuantitative Microscopy Of High Temperature Materials (No.5) (Microstructure of High Temperature Materials). Maney Publishing, 2001.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteZlateva, Ganka, e Zlatanka Martinova. Microstructure of Metals and Alloys: An Atlas of Transmission Electron Microscopy Images. Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonte