Bibliografias temáticas / Mgcs

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Mgcs"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 8 de fevereiro de 2025

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Mgcs"

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Ji, Xiao-Wei, Jie Lin, Yan-Ting Wang, Jing-Jing Ruan, Jing-Hong Xu, Kai Song e Jian-Shan Mao. "Endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for minute gastric cancer: A real-world observational study". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 16, n.º 8 (15 de agosto de 2024): 3529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i8.3529.

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BACKGROUND Minute gastric cancers (MGCs) have a favorable prognosis, but they are too small to be detected by endoscopy, with a maximum diameter ≤ 5 mm. AIM To explore endoscopic detection and diagnostic strategies for MGCs. METHODS This was a real-world observational study. The endoscopic and clinicopathological parameters of 191 MGCs between January 2015 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Endoscopic discoverable opportunity and typical neoplastic features were emphatically reviewed. RESULTS All MGCs in our study were of a single pathological type, 97.38% (186/191) of which were differentiated-type tumors. White light endoscopy (WLE) detected 84.29% (161/191) of MGCs, and the most common morphology of MGCs found by WLE was protruding. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) secondary observation detected 14.14% (27/191) of MGCs, and the most common morphology of MGCs found by NBI was flat. Another three MGCs were detected by indigo carmine third observation. If a well-demarcated border lesion exhibited a typical neoplastic color, such as yellowish-red or whitish under WLE and brownish under NBI, MGCs should be diagnosed. The proportion with high diagnostic confidence by magnifying endoscopy with NBI (ME-NBI) was significantly higher than the proportion with low diagnostic confidence and the only visible groups (94.19% > 56.92% > 32.50%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION WLE combined with NBI and indigo carmine are helpful for detection of MGCs. A clear demarcation line combined with a typical neoplastic color using nonmagnifying observation is sufficient for diagnosis of MGCs. ME-NBI improves the endoscopic diagnostic confidence of MGCs.
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Iberri, David, e Michaela Liedtke. "MGCS: where do we stand today?" Hematology 2024, n.º 1 (25 de novembro de 2024): 482–88. https://doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2024000572.

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Abstract Monoclonal gammopathies of clinical significance (MGCS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the presence of an indolent B-cell or plasma-cell clone producing a toxic monoclonal immunoglobulin resulting in end-organ dysfunction. MGCS is a clinicopathologic diagnosis that requires the demonstration of a monoclonal immunoglobulin in the correct clinical setting. The most common MGCS syndromes are renal, neurologic, and cutaneous, although hematologic and multi-organ MGCS syndromes are also increasingly recognized. Therapy most commonly targets the underlying clonal population; immunoglobulin-targeting therapies as well as complement and cytokine antagonists have emerged for selected MGCS syndromes and may be temporizing in a subset of patients. Other chapters review renal and neurologic MGCS; this chapter focuses on hematologic and multi-organ MGCS syndromes.
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Joseph, Jayanthi J., Amy Leestemaker-Palmer, Soheila Kazemi, Lia Danelishvili e Luiz E. Bermudez. "Mycobacterium avium Infection of Multinucleated Giant Cells Reveals Association of Bacterial Survival to Autophagy and Cholesterol Utilization". Cellular Microbiology 2023 (11 de fevereiro de 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5064371.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (M. avium) is an opportunistic environmental pathogen that typically infects patients with existing lung conditions such as cystic fibrosis or COPD. Pulmonary M. avium infection generates peribronchial granulomas that contain infected macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). While granuloma formation with MGCs is a common feature of mycobacterial infection, the role of MGCs within the granulomas as well as in the host-pathogen interaction is poorly understood. To shed light on the role of MGCs, we established a novel in vitro model utilizing THP-1 cells stimulated with a combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α. In this study, we show that MGCs can take up M. avium, which replicates intracellularly before leaving the cell. Bacteria that escape the MGC exhibit a highly invasive phenotype, which warrants further evaluation. Characterization of MGCs with transmission electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, autophagic activity, and multiple nuclei. Autophagy markers are upregulated in both uninfected and infected MGCs early in infection, measured by RT-qPCR analysis of Beclin-1 and LC3. Inhibition of autophagy with siRNA significantly reduced M. avium survival significantly in THP-1 macrophages. Depletion of host cholesterol and sphingomyelin in MGCs also resulted in decreased survival of M. avium. These processes potentially contribute to the formation of a supportive intracellular environment for the pathogen. Collectively, our results suggest that M. avium is adapted to replicate in MGCs and utilize them as a springboard for local spread.
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Gulubova, Maya Vladova, e Koni Vancho Ivanova. "The Expression of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Multinucleated Giant Cells in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, n.º 23 (10 de dezembro de 2019): 3944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.715.

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BACKGROUND: Inflammation that occurred in the tumor microenvironment was characterized by abundant macrophage infiltration, playing role in innate immunity. Multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) occur in a variety of inflammatory, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid disorders. They also have been recognized as a feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate cases of PTC for the presence of macrophages, and estimate CD68+ TAMs density in tumor stroma, margin and the surrounding tissue. We assessed also MGCs. METHODS: Macrophages and MGCs densities were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters to assess the possible prognostic significance. We investigated 56 patients immunohistochemically and immunofluorescence with antibodies against CD68 and IL-17. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation was established between PTC patients in III stage, containing many MGCs, and PTC in I and II stage, with many MGCs. Eighty Percent of patients in III stage showed many MGCs in comparison with patients in I and II stage, where many MGCs were found only in 21,1% (χ2 = 6.189, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that the increased density of MGCs is associated with advanced stage of PTC, and therefore with tumor progression and that cases of PTC should be carefully screened for their presence.
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Sun, Lei, Pengju Zhang e Wenfa Lu. "lncRNA MALAT1 Regulates Mouse Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and 17β-Estradiol Synthesis via Regulating miR-205/CREB1 Axis". BioMed Research International 2021 (17 de fevereiro de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6671814.

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Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a known long noncoding RNA, was reported to play a crucial role in follicular growth and ovarian disease. However, the physiological function of MALAT1 in mouse granulosa cells (mGCs) remains largely unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the biological function and molecular mechanism of MALAT1 in mGCs. We knocked down MALAT1 in mGCs by using siRNA against MALAT1. We found that knockdown of MALAT1 promoted apoptosis and caspase-3/9 activities in mGCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that knockdown of MALAT1 significantly decreased the production of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in mGCs. Mechanistically, MALAT1 serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge microRNA-205 (miR-205), thereby facilitating its downstream target of cyclic AMP response element- (CRE-) binding protein 1 (CREB1). Furthermore, CREB1 overexpression or miR-205 downregulation partially recovered the effect of MALAT1 depletion in mGCs. In summary, these findings suggested that MALAT1 regulated apoptosis and estradiol synthesis of mGCs through the miR-205/CREB1 axis.
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Li, Fan, Yan Huang, Kai Huang, Jing Lin e Peng Huang. "Functional Magnetic Graphene Composites for Biosensing". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 2 (8 de janeiro de 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020390.

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Magnetic graphene composites (MGCs), which are composed of magnetic nanoparticles with graphene or its derivatives, played an important role in sensors development. Due to the enhanced electronic properties and the synergistic effect of magnetic nanomaterials and graphene, MGCs could be used to realize more efficient sensors such as chemical, biological, and electronic sensors, compared to their single component alone. In this review, we first reviewed the various routes for MGCs preparation. Then, sensors based on MGCs were discussed in different groups, including optical sensors, electrochemical sensors, and others. At the end of the paper, the challenges and opportunities for MGCs in sensors implementation are also discussed.
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Tian, Xue-Fei, Tie-Jun Li e Shi-Feng Yu. "Giant Cell Granuloma of the Temporal Bone: A Case Report With Immunohistochemical, Enzyme Histochemical, and In Vitro Studies". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, n.º 9 (1 de setembro de 2003): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-1217-gcgott.

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Abstract A case of giant cell granuloma (GCG) that occurred in the right temporal bone is reported. The lesion showed histologic features identical to GCG. The multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) in the lesion showed strong reactivity with CD68, but patchy staining for myeloid/histiocyte antigen, α-1-antitrypsin, α-1-antichymotrypsine, and lysozyme. Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was also consistently detected in the MGCs. Some of the mononuclear cells of the lesion exhibited similar immunocytochemical and histochemical reactivity as the MGCs. Ki-67 staining, however, was only detected in the mononuclear cells. The MGCs isolated from the lesion presented characteristic morphology of osteoclasts and possessed the ability to excavate bone in vitro. Thus, the MGCs in GCG appeared to express both macrophage- and osteoclast-associated phenotypes. The mononuclear cells were the major proliferative elements in the lesion and a subpopulation of these cells may represent precursors of the MGCs.
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Sanchez, María C., e Gustavo A. Chiabrando. "Multitarget Activities of Müller Glial Cells and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Proliferative Retinopathies". ASN Neuro 14 (janeiro de 2022): 175909142211363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914221136365.

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Müller glial cells (MGCs), the main glial component of the retina, play an active role in retinal homeostasis during development and pathological processes. They strongly monitor retinal environment and, in response to retinal imbalance, activate neuroprotective mechanisms mainly characterized by the increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Under these circumstances, if homeostasis is not reestablished, the retina can be severely injured and GFAP contributes to neuronal degeneration, as they occur in several proliferative retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. In addition, MGCs have an active participation in inflammatory responses releasing proinflammatory mediators and metalloproteinases to the extracellular space and vitreous cavity. MGCs are also involved in the retinal neovascularization and matrix extracellular remodeling during the proliferative stage of retinopathies. Interestingly, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and its ligand α2-macroglobulin (α2M) are highly expressed in MGCs and they have been established to participate in multiple cellular and molecular activities with relevance in retinopathies. However, the exact mechanism of regulation of retinal LRP1 in MGCs is still unclear. Thus, the active participation of MGCs and LRP1 in these diseases, strongly supports the potential interest of them for the design of novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the role of LRP1 in the multiple MGCs activities involved in the development and progression of proliferative retinopathies, identifying opportunities in the field that beg further research in this topic area. Summary Statement MGCs and LRP1 are active players in injured retinas, participating in key features such as gliosis and neurotoxicity, neovascularization, inflammation, and glucose control homeostasis during the progression of ischemic diseases, such as proliferative retinopathies.
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Kamkin, Andre G., Vadim M. Mitrokhin, Olga V. Kamkina, Viktor E. Kazansky, Anastasia S. Rodina, Alexandra D. Zolotareva, Valentin I. Zolotarev et al. "SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY CHANGES THE NUMBER OF MECHANICALLY GATED AND MECHANOSENSITIVE ION CHANNELS GENES TRANSCRIPTS IN RAT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOCYTES". Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о жизни 512, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 2023): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686738923600383.

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The mechanoelectrical feedback in the heart is based on the work of mechanically gated (MGCs) and mechanosensitive (MSCs) channels. Since microgravity alters the heart’s morphological and physiological properties, we hypothesized that the expression of both MGCs and MSCs would be affected. We employed RNA transcriptome sequencing to investigate changes in the gene transcript levels of MGCs and MSCs in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes under control conditions and in a simulated microgravity environment. For the first time, our findings demonstrated that simulated microgravity induces alterations in the gene transcript levels of specific MGCs, such as TRPM7, TRPV2, TRPP1, TRPP2, Piezo1, TMEM63A, TMEM36B, and known MSCs, including K2P2.1, K2P3.1, Kir6.1, Kir6.2, NaV1.5, CaV1.2, KV7.1. However, other voltage-gated channels and channels lacking a voltage sensor remained unaffected. These findings suggest that the altered expression of MGCs and MSCs could lead to changes in the net currents across the membrane, ultimately impacting the heart’s function.
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Hua, Qi, Hao Cheng, Yong-Qing Yang, Jin-Song An, Min Zhang, Shuai Gong, Ming-Jiu Luo e Jing-He Tan. "Role of tPA in Corticosterone-Induced Apoptosis of Mouse Mural Granulosa and Oviductal Epithelial Cells". Cells 12, n.º 3 (31 de janeiro de 2023): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12030455.

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Although studies indicate that female stress-increased secretion of glucocorticoids impairs oocyte competence and embryo development, by inducing apoptosis of ovarian and oviductal cells, respectively, the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids induce apoptosis of ovarian and oviductal cells are largely unclear. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been involved in apoptosis of different cell types. However, while some studies indicate that tPA is proapoptotic, others demonstrate its antiapoptotic effects. This study has explored the role and action mechanisms of tPA in corticosterone-induced apoptosis of mouse mural granulosa cells (MGCs) and oviductal epithelial cells (OECs). The results demonstrate that culture with corticosterone significantly increased apoptosis, while decreasing levels of tPA (Plat) mRNA and tPA protein in both MGCs and OECs. Culture with tPA ameliorated corticosterone-induced apoptosis of MGCs and OECs. Furthermore, while tPA protected MGCs from corticosterone-induced apoptosis by interacting with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), it protected OECs from the apoptosis by acting on Annexin 2 (ANXA2). In conclusion, tPA is antiapoptotic in both MGCs and OECs, and it protects MGCs and OECs from corticosterone-induced apoptosis by interacting with LRP1 and ANXA2, respectively, suggesting that tPA may use different receptors to inhibit apoptosis in different cell types.
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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Mgcs"

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Khan, Arbab Usman. "Comparison of Foreign Body Giant Cells and Osteoclasts and the Role of CCL2, CCR2 and OC-STAMP in their Formation". Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367698.

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Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are produced by the fusion of white blood cells. Each resultant MGC suggests a specific condition and may even signify associated diseases. These cells are problematic when associated with osteoporosis, arthritis, and implant rejection. Some of the important multinucleated giant cells are explained below. Osteoclasts are cells that dissolve bone. They are very active in normal bone growth phases, where they give proper shape to the bone along with osteoblasts, which are the bone forming cells. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone degradation and the subsequent reduction of bone density. These cells are very active in diseases that cause reduced bone density. Foreign body giant cells (FBGC) are found at foreign body sites including stitches and various implants such as oral, breast and bone implants. Furthermore, these giant cells form around organ transplant sites and in some pathological diseases including tumours.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Full Text
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Roussel, Murielle. "Analyse par séquençage ARN à haut débit du répertoire des immunoglobulines : un outil diagnostique dans les gammapathies monoclonales de signification clinique, en particulier dans le syndrome POEMS et l’Amylose AL". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0097.

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Depuis 2018, nous avons mis en place le séquençage à haut débit sur base ARN (5’RACE-RepSeq) du répertoire des immunoglobulines et nous avons analysé l’ARNm codant pour les immunoglobulines dans plus de 500 patients suspects de maladies liées aux gammapathies, en nous concentrant ici sur l’amylose AL et le syndrome POEMS. Cette technique fournit des informations complètes sur la région V(D)J du répertoire dominant d’immunoglobulines, permettant l’analyse des modèles mutationnels, des fréquences variables des gènes des immunoglobulines et de la diversité résultant de l’hypermutation somatique. Notre analyse, qui intègre des données cliniques, histologiques et biologiques provenant de plus de 90 % des patients, a établi une base de données robuste englobant Amylose AL, POEMS et d'autres gammapathies monoclonales de signification clinique. En tirant parti de cet ensemble de données unique, nous avons démontré que la présence d’un clone IGLV1-36, 1-40 ou 1-44 avec l’un des motifs mutationnels récurrents (P/A/G/D/YS) VNWYQ associé au IGLJ3*02 en cas de suspicion de syndrome POEMS peut être considéré comme un biomarqueur spécifique à 100% avec une précision de 80%. Nous avons également généré de nombreuses données originales dans le contexte de l’Amylose AL : la majorité des patients ont une atteinte cardiaque et rénale avec en médiane 3 organes touchés ; les gènes variables IGLV6-57, IGLV3-1, IGLV1-44, IGLV1-51, et IGKV1-33 (34%), IGKV1-16 (15%), et à moindre mesure IGKV6-21 (5%), sont surreprésentés par rapport aux autres gammapathies monoclonales et au répertoire médullaire polyclonal ; il n’y a pas de corrélation entre l’importance du clone au sein du répertoire médullaire, le gène VL utilisé ni le taux de chaines légères circulantes. Nous avons pu établir des score physicochimiques de chaque séquence qui vont nous permettre d’établir un outil de prédiction de pathogénicité des chaines légères grâce à l’intelligence artificielle
Since 2018, we set up high-throughput sequencing RNA-based Immunoglobulin Repertoire sequencing (5'RACE-RepSeq) and have analyzed immunoglobulin-encoding mRNA in more than 500 patients suspected of gammapathy-related diseases, focusing here on AL amyloidosis and POEMS syndrome. This technique provides comprehensive insights on the V(D)J region of the dominant immunoglobulin repertoire, enabling analysis of mutational patterns, variable immunoglobulin gene frequencies and diversity resulting from somatic hypermutation. Our analysis, which integrates clinical, histological and biological data from over 90% of patients, has established a robust database encompassing AL amyloidosis, POEMS and other clinically significant monoclonal gammopathies. Leveraging this unique dataset, we demonstrated that the presence of an IGLV1-36, 1-40 or 1-44 clone with one of the recurrent mutational motifs (P/A/G/D/YS) VNWYQ associated with IGLJ3*02 in suspected POEMS syndrome can be considered a 100% specific biomarker with 80% accuracy. We have also generated numerous original data in the context of AL Amyloidosis: the majority of patients have cardiac and renal involvement, with a median of 3 organs affected; the variable genes IGLV6-57, IGLV3-1, IGLV1-44, IGLV1-51, and IGKV1-33 (34%), IGKV1-16 (15%), and to a lesser extent IGKV6-21 (5%), are over-represented compared with other monoclonal gammopathies and the polyclonal bone marrow repertoire; there is no correlation between the importance of the clone within the bone marrow repertoire, the VL gene used or the level of circulating light chains. We were able to establish physicochemical scores for each sequence, which will enable us, through Artificial Intelligence, to establish a predicting tool for the pathogenicity of light chains
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Ficara, Pasquale. "The production of anhydrous MgCl". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37701.

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A novel process to efficiently produce anhydrous, oxide free MgCl 2 feed to a magnesium electrolysis cell is presented and examined in this thesis. The process involves reducing MgCl2 activity within a fused salt mixture via complexation and reacting any contaminating oxides that are mostly MgO with HCl(g). This process would not be possible nor economical if the MgCl2 activity was not reduced via complexation. This system is modeled here by treating the complexation as decreasing the MgCl2 activity coefficient in a fused salt mixture.
The chlorination was modeled thermodynamically using recently published thermodynamic data presented by Thompson et al. The model was experimentally verified. A kinetic model was also developed for the heterogeneous reaction between injected HCl gas and the MgO in fused salt. It was found that the rate of MgO elimination was proportional to C2/3MgO in the fused salt during the course of a kinetic batch test. The implication is that the rate of transport per unit area of MgO, of HCl to the MgO surface is constant for any particular condition which is only possible if the mass transport of HCl to the MgO particle surface is rate limiting.
The kinetics of MgO conversion were measured as a function of superficial gas velocity and mixing power per unit volume. The following relation empirically describes the conversion rate per unit area of MgO particle surface area wt%/min/m 2 for a given operating condition. km=0.001895Pg Vm0.8 3Vst 0.92
Analysis of the kinetic information, confirmed the hypothesis for the mechanism of MgO elimination.
Measurements of the solubility of HCl(g) in fused salts were also taken. The findings show that the solubility of HCl varied between 270 ppmw to 2760 ppmw when the MgCl2 concentration was increased between 20 wt% to 70 wt% at 600°--650°C and a NaCl to CaCl2 weight ratio of 2.5--3.1. A mechanism for dissolution is presented.
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Souza, Junior Helio Oliveira. "Síntese e caracterização de nanocristais ternários de MgCdS e nanocompósito de MgCdS e derivados de grafeno". Pós-Graduação em Química, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/7073.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In this work the synthesis of MgCdS ternary semiconductor nanocrystal alloys has been carried out by aqueous route through a bottom-up approach, using conventional hydrothermal heating as well as in situ onto graphene matrices. In the synthesis of MgCdS nanocrystals, the effect of each reaction parameter on the spectroscopic properties was studied aiming to understand the possibilities to control the optical properties. Emission spectra of MgCdS samples obtained in the experiments designed to optimize reaction parameters exhibited a single emission band reflecting nanocrystal growth, with quantum yields as high as 85%. Based on the presence of two bands in absorption spectra as well as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) data it was possible to propose that nanocrystals are composed of Cd and Mg. Concerning the structural architecture, it has been proposed that nanocrystals show a core-shell structure with a diffuse interface. Data from AAS also showed that the final composition of nanocrystals is generally different from the initial reaction Cd:Mg proportion, as the metal precursors have distinct reactivities. Morphological analyses by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of nanocrystals evidenced the predominance of spherical shapes and sizes below 4 nm. Studies of the formation of nanocrystal alloys with Mg1-xCdxS and Cd1-xMgxS composition, by ion exchange from the binary components MgS and CdS helped the discussion of spectroscopic behavior of the ternary system MgCdS. It was possible to confirm that the introduction of a second cation (Cd2+ or Mg2+) into each binary structure (MgS or CdS) is consistent with the observation of two absorption bands and only one emission band. The addition of graphene derivatives during the synthesis of MgCdS nanocrystals was carried out aiming to improve the properties of the materials, as well as providing a physical support to the nanocrystals, favoring future applications. The presence of graphene induced shifts in the emission bands to larger wavelengths concomitant with intensity reduction, which can be taken as evidence of interactions between the materials. The morphologies of composites were characterized by typical graphene sheets decorated with spherical nanocrystals.
Neste trabalho foram realizadas as sínteses de nanocristais (NCs) semicondutores ternários de MgCdS via síntese aquosa através da metodologia bottom-up, assistida por tratamento térmico hidrotermal convencional, além da síntese in situ de nanocompósitos de MgCdS em matrizes de grafeno. A síntese do nanocristal de MgCdS foi avaliada através do efeito da variação de cada parâmetro de síntese sobre as propriedades espectroscópicas do material, a fim de se compreender as possibilidades de controle das propriedades ópticas. Os espectros de emissão dos NCs de MgCdS, referente ao estudo de otimização dos parâmetros de síntese, apresentaram uma única banda de emissão intensa que reflete o crescimento do nanocristal, com rendimentos quânticos de fotoluminescência elevados, chegando a 85%. Com base na presença de duas bandas de absorção no espectro de UV-visível, bem como de dados de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica (AAS), pode-se inferir que os nanocristais são compostos pelos metais de Cd e Mg, propondo-se a hipótese de uma arquitetura caroço-casca com interface difusa. Os dados obtidos através de AAS mostraram também que, como os precursores tem reatividades distintas, a composição dos materiais formados tende a diferir da proporção Cd2+:Mg2+ utilizada na reação. As análises morfológicas realizadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM) permitiram verificar o contorno esférico e uniforme das nanoesferas e estimar o tamanho dos nanocristais, sendo abaixo de 4 nm. Estudos de formação de ligas do tipo Mg1-xCdxS e Cd1-xMgxS, por troca iônica a partir dos componentes binários MgS e CdS permitiram compreender melhor os dados espectroscópicos dos nanocristais formados introduzindo ambos precursores simultaneamente. Confirmou-se que a introdução do segundo cátion (Cd2+ ou Mg2+) em cada estrutura binária (MgS ou CdS) de fato causa a formação de duas bandas de absorção e somente uma de emissão. A implementação de derivados de grafeno na síntese do MgCdS foi realizada a fim de aprimorar as propriedades gerais do material, bem como de propiciar um suporte físico aos nanocristais de MgCdS, favorecendo aplicações. A presença do grafeno na síntese do nanocristal proporcionou deslocamento da banda de emissão para maiores comprimentos de onda com redução da intensidade luminescente, evidenciando interações entre os materiais. As morfologias dos compósitos apresentam folhas de grafeno decoradas com nanocristais esféricos.
São Cristóvão, SE
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Stone, Christopher E., Keith D. Flint e Gregory P. Mathis. "THE PHILLIPS LABORATORY’S MOBILE GROUND TRACKING STATION (MGTS)". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608411.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
Phillips Laboratory's Space Experiments Directorate (PL/SX) is operating and upgrading the laboratory's premier transportable satellite tracking station, the Mobile Ground Tracking Station (MGTS) program. MGTS supports orbital, suborbital, and aircraft missions as a range system capable of processing and recording multiple data streams. MGTS receives, processes, displays, and records satellite state-of-health data, infrared images in a variety of wavelengths, video data, and state vector solutions based on IR returns from the Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (MSTI) satellite program. The program has began in 1990 under BMDO sponsorship, with the intent to supplement existing test ranges with more flexibility in range operations. Wyle Laboratories and Systems Engineering and Management Company (SEMCO) provided the technical expertise necessary to create the first MGTS system. Autonomy and off-road capability were critical design factors, since some of the operations envisioned require deployment to remote or hostile field locations. Since inception, MGTS has supported the Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) sub-orbital missions, the MSTI satellite program, and Air Force wargame demonstrations. In pursuit of these missions, MGTS has deployed to White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), NM; Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards AFB, CA; Vandenberg AFB, CA; Falcon AFB, CO; and NASA's Wallops Island Flight Facility, VA, to receive critical mission telemetry data conforming to both IRIG and SGLS standards. This paper will describe the evolution of the MGTS program, current hardware configurations and past and future mission scenarios for the MGTS team.
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6

Gargoura, Mohammed Ali. "Réalisation d'un dispositif "jet-gaz" pour l'étude de la collision réactive Mg + Cl₂→ MgCl + Cl par spectroscopie laser du radical MgCl". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112127.

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Ce mémoire présente la réalisation d’un dispositif « jet sur gaz » qui permet l’étude de collisions réactives par chimiluminescence ou fluorescence induite par laser dans des conditions de « collision unique », c’est-à-dire avant que des collisions secondaires ne viennent modifier la distribution initiale d’énergie dans les produits. Une technique de détection des pets atomiques de très faible intensité par fluorescence induite en utilisant une cathode creuse est décrite et utilisée pour la première fois. Une contribution à la spectroscopie de la transition A2Il → X2Σ+ du radical MgCl est fournie, et les premiers résultats de la dynamique de la réaction : Mg(1S) + Cl₂ (1Σg+) → MgCl (X2Σ+) + Cl(2P) sont donnés
We describe in this work an experimental set up « beam-gas » used to study reactive collisions by chemiluminescence or laser-induced fluorescence, in « single collision » , i. E. Before secondary collisions modify initial energy distribution in the products. A technique of detection of very low intensity atomic beams by using fluorescence with a hollow cathode is described, and used for the first time. Some spectroscopic date on the A2Il → X2Σ+ transition of the MgCl radical are improved, and first results of the dynamics of the Mg(1S) + Cl₂ (1Σg+) → MgCl (X2Σ+) + Cl(2P) reaction are given
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7

Kelleher, Ian James. "Dolomitization, and stability in the system CaCO₃-CaMg(CO₃)₂-MgCO₃". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624320.

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Sá, Fernando Manuel Lemos de. "Racionalização do planeamento operacional na MGC Transportes". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11464.

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Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial
O presente projeto aborda o problema do planeamento operacional de transporte coletivo urbano numa empresa privada de média dimensão, a MGC Transportes. Dado o baixo poder de compra dos consumidores e a diminuta capacidade das empresas para o investimento, reforça-se a necessidade de reduzir custos e é nesse contexto que surge o trabalho realizado. As empresas transportadoras procuram, mais do que nunca, garantir a utilização eficiente de recursos como fonte de vantagem competitiva. O principal objetivo passa por, mantendo a mesma oferta, redesenhar com o auxílio de software especializado o serviço de viaturas e motoristas, na procura de soluções mais económicas do que as atuais. Trata-se de um problema complexo, apesar de bem conhecido, cuja resolução envolve frequentemente uma elevada dose de experimentação, no sentido de observar o comportamento do sistema face a cenários alternativos. Em relação ao que é praticado atualmente, a principal melhoria resulta da alocação adequada dos tipos de contrato aos serviços de tripulante, elevando o tempo efetivo de condução relativamente ao tempo que é pago, no sentido de minimizar os custos para a empresa. Os resultados positivos resultam também de um melhor aproveitamento da atividade das viaturas e da redução dos seus percursos em vazio. Foram alcançadas soluções vantajosas (poupanças até 6,3% dos custos operacionais variáveis) para vários cenários possíveis: sem rendição, com rendição parcial (só nas linhas da operação Andante) e com rendição total. Para todas elas são descritos os custos associados e são efetuadas comparações.
This project concerns the operational planning of urban mass transit in a medium-sized private company, MGC Transportes. The consumers’ loss of purchasing power and the companies’ lower ability to invest reinforce the need to reduce costs. The work done arises in this context. Transporting companies seek, more than ever, to ensure the efficient use of resources as a source of competitive advantage. The main objective is to, maintaining the same supply, reorganize the vehicle and crew scheduling with specialized software assistance, seeking for more economical solutions than the ones in practice nowadays. Although well-known, it’s a complex problem in which the resolution involves high volume of experimentation in order to analyze the system behavior under alternative scenarios. Compared with the current company practice, the main improvement consists in the proper allocation of contracts to the bus driver’s duties by increasing the effective driving time in relation to the time that is paid, in order to minimize the costs. The positive results are also achieved with a better vehicle utilization and a reduction in their non-productive journeys. Beneficial solutions were achieved (savings up to 6,3% of the operational variable costs) for many possible scenarios: no crew exchange, partial crew exchange (only in Andante lines) and total crew exchange. The associated costs are described for every built solution and also its comparisons with the actual practice.
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Al-Anqari, Mhannad. "Možnosti přenosu signalizace SS7 přes IP síť s využitím ústředny YATE". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219912.

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This study examines the use of SS7 signaling system over IP networks by using the open source PBX YATE. At first it starts with describing the SS7 followed by an explanation of the function of each of its levels and the messages that are used within the SS7 network. The study then sheds some light on the ways of using SS7 inside IP network with the use of some protocols. It also discusses the architecture of YATE and its files, and how it is installed in Linux operating system. Finally, it describes the important files for delivering this task. The study was commenced by using two virtual machines that have two different open source PBX's which are YATE and Asterisk, and after acquiring some results by establishing communication between them via the means of SIP trunk, furthermore the study was extended to the laboratory in order to test it over real servers that have TDM cards, in order to apply the study by the means of SS7 protocols, SIGTRAN, MGCP gateway and SIP-T. The experiments have almost delivered successful communications after conducting a configuration for the files on multiple sides.
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Flint, Keith D., Gregory P. Mathis e Tom G. Cronauer. "The Phillips Laboratory's Mobile Ground Telemetry Station (MGTS) Configuration and Operations". International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611830.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
In support of the various programs that the Phillips Laboratory's Space Experiments Directorate is conducting for the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), the Range Operations Division is developing a mobile telemetry processing system as part of the Mobile Ground Telemetry Station (MGTS) program. The MGTS program's goals are to develop a mission-dedicated telemetry system to supplement current test range capabilities by receiving, processing and recording multiple data streams, sometimes exceeding 10 Mbps. The system will support airborne and suborbital vehicles as well as customized satellite downlinks designed for spacecraft bus State-of-Health monitoring and sensor payload observations. Autonomy and off-road capabilities are also important factors since some of the operations envisioned require deployment to remote field locations where no telemetry processing capabilities currently exist to support the unique data handling requirements. The Phillips Laboratory has completed, with support from Wyle Laboratories and Systems Engineering and Management Company (SEMCO), a "proof-of-concept" mobile telemetry processing system referred to as MGTS #2. Demonstration of the system has been accomplished with the successful deployment and operational support provided to both BMDO's Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric Projectile (LEAP) sub-orbital missions and Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (MSTI) satellite program. MGTS #2 has deployed and is scheduled for further deployment to various operating sites including: White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), NM; Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), Edwards AFB, CA; Vandenberg AFB, CA; and NASA's Wallops Island Flight Facility, VA. While deployed MGTS #2 processes, records and rapidly distributes the critical mission telemetry data conforming to both IRIG and SGLS standards. This paper will describe the evolution of the MGTS program, current hardware configurations and the various mission scenarios that have been supported by the MGTS team.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Mgcs"

1

International, Motorbooks, ed. MGC shop manual: Covers the six-cylinder MGC 1967-69. Osceola, Wis., USA: Motorbooks International, 1989.

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2

Books, O., ed. 248 mgs., a panic picnic. Oakland, Calif: O Books, 2003.

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3

Lagutin, V. S., e V. S. Panov. Sovremennye informat︠s︡ionnye tekhnologii upravlenii︠a︡ setʹi︠u︡ v AO MGTS. Moskva: Radio i svi︠a︡zʹ, 2002.

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4

Reynolds, L. C. Home waters MTBs & MGBs at war, 1939-1945. Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton in association with The Imperial War Museum, 2000.

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5

Gargoura, Mohammed Ali. Réalisation d'un dispositif "jet-gaz" pour l'étude de la collision réactive Mg + Cl2 --> MgCl + Cl par spectroscopie laser du radical MgCl. Grenoble: A.N.R.T. Université Pierre Mendès France Grenoble 2, 1986.

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6

Commission, Great Britain Museums and Galleries. Report.: Specially featuring The MGC and Europe. London: Museums & Galleries Commission, 1992.

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7

Clausager, Anders Ditlev. Original MGB: With MGC andMGB GT V8. Bideford: Bay View Books, 1994.

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8

Ali, Hasnah Muhammad. Warisan puteri Melayu: Dari MGC ke TKC, 1947-1997. [Kuala Lumpur]: Old Girls' Association (MGC/TKC), 2000.

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9

Koraljka, Jurčes Kos, e Muzejsko-galerijski centar (Zagreb Croatia), eds. Zbirka Lacković Croatia: MGC Gradec, prosinac 1997 / siječanj 1998. Zagreb: Muzejsko-galerijski centar Klovićevi dvori, 1997.

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10

Buckley, Martin. Classic and Sportscar MG file: MGA, MGB, MGC, V8. Twickenham: Temple, 1987.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Mgcs"

1

Villars, P., K. Cenzual, J. Daams, R. Gladyshevskii, O. Shcherban, V. Dubenskyy, V. Kuprysyuk, I. Savysyuk e R. Zaremba. "MgC2". In Structure Types. Part 10: Space Groups (140) I4/mcm – (136) P42/mnm, 785. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19662-1_658.

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Brown, J. M. "MgCN". In Landolt-Börnstein - Group II Molecules and Radicals, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11313410_42.

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Goubran, Hadi, Vinita Sundaram, Julie Stakiw e Mohamed Elemary. "Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Highlight on Monoclonal Gammopathy of Neurological Significance (MGNS)". In Paraproteinemia and Related Disorders, 177–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10131-1_12.

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Gewies, Andreas, Jürgen Ruland, Alexey Kotlyarov, Matthias Gaestel, Shiri Procaccia, Rony Seger, Shin Yasuda et al. "MGC:3310". In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1075. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100796.

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Strauch, Dieter. "MgS: Thermal Expansion". In Semiconductors, 61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53620-9_13.

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Strauch, Dieter. "Mgs: Elastic Constants". In Semiconductors, 67–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53620-9_15.

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Hegenbart, Ute, e Britta Walter. "Monoklonale Gammopathie renaler Signifikanz (MGRS)". In Onko-Nephrologie, 83–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59911-2_9.

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8

Wang, Guoyin. "MGCC: Multi-Granularity Cognitive Computing". In Rough Sets, 30–38. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21244-4_3.

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Spicher, Antoine, Olivier Michel e Jean-Louis Giavitto. "Spatial Computing in MGS". In Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation, 63–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32894-7_7.

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Janz, Siegfried. "Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)". In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_3824-3.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Mgcs"

1

Han, Wen, Xinghao Yang, Baodi Liu e Weifeng Liu. "MGBS: Multi-granularity Beam Search for NMT Model Attack". In 2024 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (ICNLP), 90–96. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnlp60986.2024.10692772.

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Waku, Yoshiharu, Narihito Nakagawa, Kenji Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Kinoshita e Shinya Yokoi. "Innovative Manufacturing Process of MGC Components for Ultra-High Efficiency Gas Turbine Systems". In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53266.

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Much attention has been paid to unidirectionally solidified ceramic composites as candidates for high-temperature structural materials. Eutectic composites, known as Melt Growth Composites (MGCs), have recently been developed. The binary MGCs (Al2O3/YAG and Al2O3/GAP binary systems) have a novel microstructure, in which continuous networks of single-crystal Al2O3 phases and single crystal oxide compounds (YAG or GAP) interpenetrate without grain boundaries. Therefore, the MGCs have excellent high temperature strength characteristics, creep resistance, superior oxidation resistance and thermal stability in the air atmosphere at very high temperatures. Manufacturing processes for the MGCs are being examined under a Japanese national project, scheduled from 2001–2005. To achieve higher thermal efficiency for gas turbine systems, uncooled turbine nozzle vanes have been fabricated on an experimental basis. Novel manufacturing processes for MGC gas turbine components are proposed.
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3

Nakagawa, Narihito, Hideki Ohtsubo, Kohji Shibata, Atsuyuki Mitani, Kazutoshi Shimizu e Yoshiharu Waku. "High Temperature Stability of MGC’s Gas Turbine Components in Combustion Gas Flow Environments". In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68658.

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Melt growth composites (MGCs) have a unique microstructure, in which continuous networks of single-crystal phases interpenetrate without grain boundaries. Therefore, the MGCs have excellent high-temperature strength characteristics, creep resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal stability in an air atmosphere at very high temperature. In order to investigate the recession behavior of MGCs in combustion gas flow environment, we have just started the exposure tests to evaluate the influence of combustion gas flow environment on MGCs. The MGCs have about 95% of the initial flexural strengths after the exposure test for 10 hours at T = 1500 °C, P = 0.1–0.3 MPa, V = 150–250 m/s, PH2O = 15–45 kPa in the combustion gas flow environment. MGCs have excellent thermal stability and water vapor resistance in comparison with conventional ceramic materials such as Si3N4 and Al2O3 under the high temperature combustion gas flow environment.
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4

Waku, Yoshiharu, Narihito Nakagawa, Kenji Kobayashi e Shinya Yokoi. "Development of Near-Net Shape Casting Technology for MGC Components". In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68398.

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Much attention has been paid to unidirectionally solidified ceramic composites as a candidate for a high-temperature structural material. Eutectic composites, known as Melt Growth Composites (MGCs), have recently been developed. The MGCs (Al2O3/YAG, Al2O3/GAP binary and Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 ternary systems) have a novel microstructure consisting of three-dimensionally continuous and complexly entangled single-crystal Al2O3 and single-crystal oxide compounds (YAG or GAP or YAG and ZrO2). Therefore, the MGCs have excellent high-temperature strength characteristics, creep resistance, superior oxidation resistance and thermal stability in an air atmosphere at very high temperatures. Manufacturing processes for the MGCs (Al2O3/YAG and Al2O3/GAP binary systems) are being examined under a Japanese national project, scheduled from 2001–2005. The molybdenum mold for near-net-shaped casting of the gas turbine component was fabricated by plasma spraying the molybdenum powders on the copper model. Near-net-shape casting of MGCs is being examined under the NEDO project using the plasma sprayed mold and a new Bridgman-type furnace.
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5

Nakagawa, Narihito, Hideki Ohtsubo, Kohji Shibata, Atsuyuki Mitani, Kazutoshi Shimizu e Yoshiharu Waku. "High Temperature Stability of MGCs Gas Turbine Components in Air and Combustion Gas Flow Environments". In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53573.

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Melt growth composites (MGCs) have a unique microstructure, in which continuous networks of single-crystal phases interpenetrate without grain boundaries. Therefore, the MGCs have excellent high-temperature strength characteristics, creep resistance, oxidation resistance and thermal stability in an air atmosphere at very high temperature. To achieve ultra-high thermal efficiency and low NOx emission for gas turbine systems, non-cooled turbine nozzle vanes and heat shield panels of combustor liners has been fabricated on an experimental basis. These components are thermally stable after heat treatment at 1700°C for 1000 hours in an air atmosphere. In addition, we have just started the exposure tests to evaluate the influence of combustion gas flow environment on MGCs.
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6

Xi Lina, Tian Xiuhua, Miao Changyun e Wu Zhigang. "The design of enterprise VoIP MGC based on MGCP protocol". In 2010 2nd International Conference on Networking and Digital Society (ICNDS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnds.2010.5479259.

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7

Hill, Gerald, e Kimberly Sams Gray. "SECARB Update 2017". In MGSC Annual Meeting. US DOE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1765728.

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8

Ghorbani, Mahsa, Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah e Hamid R. Rabiee. "MGCN". In ASONAM '19: International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341161.3342942.

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9

Brittell, Megen, Michal Young e Amy Lobben. "The MGIS". In SIGSPATIAL'13: 21st SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2525314.2525329.

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Yeung, Donald, John Kubiatowicz e Anant Agarwal. "MGS". In the 23rd annual international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/232973.232980.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Mgcs"

1

Foster, B. MGCP CAS Packages. RFC Editor, fevereiro de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3064.

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Srinath, A., G. Levendel, K. Fritz e R. Kalyanaram. MGCP Business Phone Packages. RFC Editor, setembro de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3149.

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EDWARD P. MCCANN. PRELIMINARY MGDS HAZARDS ANALYSIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), setembro de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778856.

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S. SU. MGDS SUBSURFACE RADIATION SHIELDING ANALYSIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junho de 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778853.

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5

Syamlal, M., e L. A. Bissett. METC Gasifier Advanced Simulation (MGAS) model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10127635.

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Arango, M., A. Dugan, I. Elliott, C. Huitema e S. Pickett. Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Version 1.0. RFC Editor, outubro de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2705.

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Cromwell, D. Proposal for an MGCP Advanced Audio Package. RFC Editor, agosto de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2897.

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Andreasen, F., e B. Foster. Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Version 1.0. RFC Editor, janeiro de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3435.

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9

Foster, B., e F. Andreasen. Basic Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Packages. RFC Editor, dezembro de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3660.

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10

Foster, B., e C. Sivachelvan. Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Return Code Usage. RFC Editor, dezembro de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3661.

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