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Rahmaniar, Khairil Anwar, Muhammad Ade Hendarso, Aisah e Khadijah Vanny. "MEXICO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS OVERVIEW". International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) 2, n.º 8 (24 de julho de 2023): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/ijset.v2i8.196.
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Mexican international business involves all economic transactions related to international trade and foreign investment. Mexico has a fairly strong business relationship with the US, of which the US is its largest trading partner. The main business owned by Mexico comes from the wholesale and retail trade sector. Mexico's international business includes both export and import. Mexico is a major producer and exporter of crude oil, electronics and automobiles. Plus, Mexico tooimporting raw materials and machinery for the purpose of producing goods to be sold domestically. Foreign investment in Mexico is sourced from various sectors, including manufacturing, tourism, and financial services. Mexico offers several incentives to attract foreign investors, such as lower taxes and access to the North American market. However, Mexican international business also has its own challenges, such as corruption and crime related to the drug trade. Therefore, through planning that is quite long and creative and innovative ideas are needed to assist the City Government in dealing with these challenges.
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Borja-Bravo, Mercedes, José Alberto García-Salazar e Rhonda K. Skaggs. "Mexican fresh tomato exports in the North American market: A case study of the effects of productivity on competitiveness". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, n.º 5 (setembro de 2013): 839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-108.
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Borja-Bravo, M., García-Salazar, J. A. and Skaggs, R. K. 2013. Mexican fresh tomato exports in the North American market: A case study of the effects of productivity on competitiveness. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 839–850. The North American market for fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon escolentum Mill.) involves a complicated web of bilateral trading relationships between the United States, Mexico and Canada. Trade in fresh tomatoes between the three countries has changed significantly in recent years. In particular, Mexico's share of total US fresh tomato imports from all countries decreased from 93 to 88%, while Canada's share of US fresh tomato imports increased from 3 to 11% between 1996 and 2009. Mexico's declining competitive position in the US fresh tomato market is also evidenced by the fact that the Mexican share of combined Mexico–Canada exports to the United States decreased from 97% to 89% between 1996 and 2009. A spatial and inter-temporal model was used to analyze the impact of increased Mexican tomato yields on the North American fresh tomato market. Results indicate that for the average year between 2005 and 2008, 20% higher yields would have resulted in a 15.1% increase in Mexico's tomato production and a 28.9% increase in fresh tomato exports from Mexico to the United States. As a result of higher Mexican tomato sector productivity, Canadian and US producers’ shares of the US fresh tomato market would decrease and Mexico's would increase from 35.0 to 41.9%. The model shows that Mexico's share of US fresh tomato imports from both Mexico and Canada would grow from 88.1 to 90.3% as a result of the increased productivity. These results lead to the recommendation that increasing yields of this important export crop are key to maintaining and increasing the North American market competitiveness of Mexican-produced fresh tomatoes.
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Reynoso, Jose L. "Choreographing Modern Mexico: Anna Pavlova in Mexico City (1919)". Modernist Cultures 9, n.º 1 (maio de 2014): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2014.0075.
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In this article, I examine the role that Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova played in Mexico's attempts to produce an embodied mestizo modernity that resonated with efforts to construct a post-revolutionary modern nation. After the revolution of 1910, cultural modernization consisted in the integration of Mexico's histories of indigenous civilizations and European influences in the production of expressive cultures intended to be local in character but universal in their appeal. I argue that Pavlova's performances from her Europeanized ballet repertoire as well as her balleticized rendition of Mexican folk dances helped to create a social space in which Mexican elites could reaffirm their affinity with international cosmopolitan classes while also attempting to retain a sense of Mexican distinctiveness. I contextualize my analysis by attending to racial and class formations implicated in the production of Mexico as a modern nation within the context of colonialist legacies informing notions of Western cultural modernity.
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Yakovlev, P. "The Structural Reform of Mexican Energy Industry". World Economy and International Relations, n.º 3 (2015): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-3-95-104.
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At present, Mexico makes an ambitious attempt to carry out far-reaching structural reforms. Of key importance is the reform in the energy sector which is the foundation of the national economy. The reform course of the Mexican authorities and the matrix of their political actions deserve scrutiny, since their value transcends national boundaries, reflects problems inherent in many developing countries paving the way in shifting sands of global economic relations. Mexico seeks to seamlessly combine the politics of the energy sector reform with pragmatic interests of transnational corporations willing a broader access to Mexico's oil and gas resources. This is one of international aspects of the energy reform in Mexico. Another one is that using reforms Mexican authorities yearn to strengthen Mexico's geopolitical role, confirm its status of a rising power. Acknowledgement. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation. Project № 14-18-02713.
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Aguilar, Luis Aboites. "The Transnational dimensions of Mexican irrigation, 1900-1950". Journal of Political Ecology 19, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2012): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v19i1.21717.
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In the growing field of Mexican water history, the influence of foreign people and ideas has scarcely been recognized. The transnational dimensions of this history, however, are strong and manifold, and this article outlines an avenue of research on the topic. Commercial agriculture in the Southwest US was a model for agricultural development in Northern Mexico, and in consequence, influenced its irrigation politics. Also, engineers and engineering institutions in the two countries worked closely to carry out the model of largescale irrigation followed by the Mexican government, especially during the first decade (1926-1935) of existence of the Mexican National Irrigation Commission (the Comision Nacional de Irrigación, or CNI). In particular, the White Engineering Company, a U.S. company, played a significant role in jump-starting irrigation in Mexico. Finally, the economic viability of Mexico's new irrigated zones was linked closely to a cotton economy centered in the U.S, but which incorporated northern Mexico during and after the Revolution. By outlining this transnational water history, this article contributes to an effort to rethink and refine historical narratives about the subordination of Mexico to its northern neighbor.Key words: irrigation, northern Mexico, politics of irrigation.
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Sanchez, Manuel. "The Expiration of Mexicos Transitional Regime against Chinese Imports: The Beginning of a New Trade Era". Global Trade and Customs Journal 7, Issue 6 (1 de junho de 2012): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2012037.
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Chinese imports have always been a headache for Mexico. Just before China's accession to the WTO, Mexico had a trade deficit of 3.2 billion dollars with China. As of November of 2011, this trade deficit increased to 46.4 billion dollars. Whereas China has improved the quantity and diversity of exports to Mexico -rapidly becoming Mexico's second biggest supplier - Mexico has not taken advantage of one of the biggest markets in the world. In fact, Mexican exports to China have always been a relatively low portion of China's total imports. It is beyond the scope of this article to address why this has happened. Instead, this article will focus on the issues that will arise in the trade relationship between both countries in the near future, especially in the light of the expiration of Mexico's transitional regime that, until 11 December 2011, protected its economy from Chinese imports.
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Bernecker, Walther L. "Between European and American Dominance: Mexican Foreign Trade in the Nineteenth Century". Itinerario 21, n.º 3 (novembro de 1997): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300015254.
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Conventional accounts of economic links between the North Atlantic nations (USA/Europe) and Mexico state that the Europeans clearly dominated Mexican foreign trade in the first decades after national independence while the United States only achieved significance in Mexico's import-export trade in the Porfiriato during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Such studies suggest that the United States only gradually discovered an interest in Mexico so that in previous decades the Europeans ruled the field unchallenged. It is generally overlooked that from quite early on Mexico was a part of North American foreign and trade policy because of geopolitical and economic considerations. The geopolitical component was the result of the geographic proximity of Mexico to its northern neighbour; the economic ties due to Mexico's silver mines, the intensive smuggling between North and South from the outset, and the constant increase in trade volume.
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De La Garza, Rodolfo O., e Louis DeSipio. "Interests Not Passions: Mexican-American Attitudes toward Mexico, Immigration from Mexico, and Other Issues Shaping U.S.-Mexico Relations". International Migration Review 32, n.º 2 (junho de 1998): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839803200205.
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As Mexico has become more significant to the United States in the past decade, political leaders on both sides of the border have raised questions regarding the role that the Mexican-origin population of the United States will play in U.S.-Mexico relations. Will they become, as many Americans fear and Mexican officials hope, an ethnic lobby mobilized around policy issues affecting Mexico? Or will they abandon home-country political interests while maintaining a strong cultural identity? This article examines Mexican-American attitudes toward Mexico and toward the public policy issues that shape United States-Mexico relations. Our analysis suggests that Mexican Americans have developed policy attitudes that diverge from those of Mexico. Yet, the relationships of Mexican Americans to the United States and to Mexico are sufficiently volatile to suggest caution in concluding that Mexican Americans will take no role in shaping relations between the two countries.
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Jones, Richard C. "Multinational Investment and the Mobility Transition in Mexico and Ireland". Latin American Politics and Society 47, n.º 02 (2005): 77–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2005.tb00310.x.
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Abstract Mexico and Ireland, traditionally countries of emigration, experienced pronounced multinationalization of their economies during the 1990s. In Ireland net emigration declined, but in Mexico it remained quite high, suggesting that Ireland advanced in the mobility transition while Mexico did not. Several reasons are offered to explain this, reflecting Mexico's relationships with the United States, multinational corporations, and local income and social conditions in Mexican regions. In Ireland and its relationship with the United Kingdom, by contrast, these factors generally took the reverse direction. This article uses the comparison to examine the relationship between declining emigration and multinational investment and the question of whether Mexico may be expected eventually to reverse its present trends.
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o'neil, l. peat. "Organic in Mexico: A Conversation with Diana Kennedy". Gastronomica 6, n.º 1 (2006): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2006.6.1.25.
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Diana Kennedy, culinary historian and cookbook author, explains regional Mexican cuisines to a global audience. L. Peat O'Neil interviews Kennedy and the wide-ranging discussion covers organic agriculture in Mexico, the effects of NAFTA on small farmers, rural activists and the diversity of Mexico's agricultural produce. Kennedy comments on chefs in Mexico City and contemporary Mexican cooking. Kennedy notes that progress in sustainable agriculture is slow in Mexico because of government disinterest and corruption. Kennedy discusses her many visits to the state of Oaxaca, where organic product branding as "Fair Trade organic" first was applied. Her current book project is focused on Oaxaca's regional recipes from remote areas of the state. Kennedy fosters all aspects of sustainable living. Other sources quoted include Pablo Span, a farmer-hotel owner in San Cayetano, Michoacan; and Salvador V. Garibay, a consultant with the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) based in Frick, Switzerland. Garibay works on organic agricultural projects in Mexico and Central America.
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PAZ-RÍOS, CARLOS E., e PEDRO-LUIS ARDISSON. "Benthic amphipods (Amphipoda: Gammaridea and Corophiidea) from the Mexican southeast sector of the Gulf of Mexico: checklist, new records and zoogeographic comments". Zootaxa 3635, n.º 2 (26 de março de 2013): 137–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3635.2.4.
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The southeast region of theGulf of Mexicois considered to be biologically important, because it is a connection and transition zone between theCaribbeanand theGulf of Mexico, harboring great marine biodiversity. Nevertheless, benthic amphipods have been poorly studied in the Mexican southeast sector of theGulf of Mexicowith few studies listing species. The aim of this study is to provide an update checklist of species for the Mexican southeast sector (based on literature review and records from the present study) as well as a brief zoogeographical analysis for theGulf of Mexicoamphipod fauna, putting them in context with the fauna on the tropical westernAtlantic. Fifty-five species were listed for the Mexican southeast sector; 36 of them showed a geographical extension to the Yucatan continental shelf representing 23 new records for the Mexican southeast sector, nine for the southeast region and four for the Gulf of Mexico. Based on the zoogeographical analysis, there is support of the application of Carolinian andCaribbeanzoogeographic provinces to amphipods in theGulf of Mexico.
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Smith, Paul Julian. "Screenings". Film Quarterly 72, n.º 4 (2019): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2019.72.4.74.
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FQ Columnist Paul Julian Smith discusses the Mexican limited series, Malinche, which tracks the Spanish conquest of Mexico and destruction of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire from the perspective of the conquistador Hernán Cortés's interpreter, the indigenous woman Malinche. He explains how the series differs from other televisual accounts of the conquest of Mexico in both its emphasis on the domestic lives of women and its use of multiple indigenous languages. He concludes by comparing the series to a recent film about the colonial experience by another Latin American female director—Zama by Lucrecia Martel.
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Molloy, Molly. "Book Review: Iconic Mexico: An Encyclopedia from Acapulco to Zocalo". Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, n.º 3 (25 de março de 2016): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n3.251a.
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Historian Eric Zolov writes about rock music, the “global sixties” and other pop culture topics in Mexico and Latin America. As editor of Iconic Mexico he and seventy-three other scholars present 100 “of the most iconic elements of Mexican history, culture and politics” (xi). The topics range from the globally familiar (Tequila, Bullfighting, Chile Pepper, Gringo) to the exotic and muy mexicano (Lucha Libre, Malinche, Superbarrio, Jesus Malverde).
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Durand, Jorge, Douglas S. Massey e René M. Zenteno. "Mexican Immigration to the United States: Continuities and Changes". Latin American Research Review 36, n.º 1 (2001): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100018859.
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AbstractThis research note examines continuities and changes in the profile of Mexican migration to the United States using data from Mexico's Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica, the U.S. Census, and the Mexican Migration Project. Our analysis generally yields a picture of stability over time. Mexico-U.S. migration continues to be dominated by the states of Western Mexico, particularly Guanajuato, Jalisco, and Michoacán, and it remains a movement principally of males of labor-force age. As Mexico has urbanized, however, out-migration has come to embrace urban as well as rural workers; and as migrant networks have expanded, the flow has become less selective with respect to education. Perhaps the most important change detected was an acceleration in the rate of return migration during the early 1990s, reflecting the massive legalization of the late 1980s.
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Mumme, Stephen P., C. Richard Bath e Valerie J. Assetto. "Political Development and Environmental Policy in Mexico". Latin American Research Review 23, n.º 1 (1988): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100034695.
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The fight against ecological degradation “has become a generalized policy demand of the whole society,” declared Marcelo Javelly Girard, Mexico's Secretary of Urban Development and Ecology. Addressing the Mexican Cabinet and hundreds of dignitaries attending Mexico's Primera Reunión Nacional de Ecología in June of 1984, Javelly Girard thus placed environmental concerns on President Miguel de la Madrid's official policy agenda. Appropriately convened in Mexico City (the world's fifth-most-polluted city by the Mexican government's own reckoning), the congress climaxed two years of effort by the de la Madrid administration to promote public environmental awareness as part of its national development program.
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Saenz, Joseph, Christopher Beam e Silvia Mejía-Arango. "A LATENT VARIABLE APPROACH TO ASSESS DEMENTIA IN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES: MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE AND VALIDATION". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 820–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2647.
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Abstract Latent dementia indices (LDI) use cognitive and functional data to approximate dementia. Few evaluate the LDI’s utility in cross-national work. This study tests metric measurement invariance of an LDI in the United States and Mexico and evaluates its validity in Mexico. Data included the United States Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP, n=3,267), MexCog (n=2,042), and a Mexican clinical validation sample with diagnosed cognitive status (51 cognitively normal, 49 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 50 dementia) who received the MexCog battery. The LDI was measured using highly comparable items (13 cognitive and 10 functional). We tested metric measurement invariance of the LDI in MexCog/HCAP samples and evaluated validity by regressing cognitive status on LDI factor scores in the Mexican validation sample using multinomial regression and evaluating how model-implied cognitive status aligned with diagnosis. Full metric invariance of the LDI in the MexCog and HCAP was supported, suggesting that the LDI may be used in cross-national work to validly compare dementia risk factors in the studies. In the Mexican validation sample, LDI factor scores significantly predicted MCI (β=-2.62, p< 0.001) and dementia (β=-5.93, p< 0.001) versus cognitively normal in multinomial regressions. LDI model-implied cognitive status showed moderately high dementia (84.0%) and MCI (88.9%) sensitivity and moderately high dementia (92.0%) and MCI (88.2%) specificity. The LDI may be used to cross-nationally compare risk/protective factors for dementia in MexCog/HCAP studies. Alignment between the LDI and diagnosed cognitive status in the Mexican validation sample supports its validity as a proxy for dementia in Mexico.
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Flores-Marcial, Xóchitl M. "Getting Community Engagement Right". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 3, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2021.3.1.98.
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Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
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Vargas-Santiago, Luis. "Emiliano". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 3, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2021.3.1.109.
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Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
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Ortiz-Torres, Rubén. "Mexicos and Americas". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 3, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2021.3.1.70.
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Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
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Bargellini, Clara. "Looking Back at The Arts of the Missions of Northern New Spain, 1600–1821". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 3, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2021.3.1.80.
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Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
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Richter, Kim N. "Golden Kingdoms at Getty". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 3, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2021.3.1.88.
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Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
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Josten, Jennifer. "Dialogues". Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 3, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2021.3.1.60.
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Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
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Clancy, Michael. "Mexican Tourism: Export Growth and Structural Change since 1970". Latin American Research Review 36, n.º 1 (2001): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100018860.
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AbstractOver the past three decades, tourism has become integral to the Mexican economy. Mexico easily leads Latin America in tourism exports, the provision of tourist-related services to foreigners visiting the country. Today tourism also serves as the second-largest employer in Mexico and ranks consistently among the top three earners of foreign exchange. This study traces the origin of Mexico's tourism boom by examining state policies and private-sector activity during the last thirty years. It also presents data on distributional patterns associated with tourism in an effort to evaluate Mexico's tourism record within the larger context of development.
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O'Rourke, Kathryn E. "Guardians of Their Own Health". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 71, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2012): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2012.71.1.60.
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José Villagrán García's Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Huipulco (1929–36), outside of Mexico City, was one of Mexico's first important modern buildings. Commissioned by the federal government and designed to cure and transform the Mexican working class, the project reflected its architect's pioneering integration of architectural rationalism, Julien Guadet's theories, and the reform ambitions of the Mexican government. At Huipulco, Villagrán also referenced established sanatorium design as a means of visually associating Mexican architecture and medicine with admired European practices in both fields. In Guardians of Their Own Health: Tuberculosis, Rationalism, and Reform in Modern Mexico, Kathryn E. O'Rourke argues that understood in the context of Mexican social policy and compared to buildings by Guadet's famous student Auguste Perret, the Huipulco Sanatorium reveals the reach of French rationalism and the complex genesis of modern architecture in Mexico. Its story helps to historicize and particularize the International Style within histories of modern architecture and open further the question of how modern architecture was understood by architects working beyond European centers.
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Jancsó, Katalin. "La llegada de Maximiliano a la tierra de los pueblos bárbaros". Acta Hispanica 13 (1 de janeiro de 2008): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2008.13.25-32.
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The author examines a specific aspect of the brief period of Maximilian's reign as the Emperor of Mexico. The spring of 1864 opened an interesting and controversial era of Mexican history. After arriving at Mexico and being proclaimed Emperor with the help of the Mexican Conservatives, Maximilian I., Archduke of Austria and Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia reigned in a surprisingly liberal spirit, with the principal aim of modernizing Mexico. The Mexican liberals, led by Benito Juárez, did all they could to get rid of the foreign emperor, and finally executed him the 19th of July, 1867. During his brief reign of three years, both Maximilian and his wife, the empress Charlotte of Belgium manifested profound interest in the situation of the native Indians who made up the vast majority of Mexico's population and had great expectations towards the emperor. A dedicated liberal, Maximilian considered all Mexican citizens should be granted the same rights, and adopted various measures to improve the condition of the natives, and help their integration in the Mexican nation through the process of mestizaje. The author presents the circumstances of Maximilian's arrival at Mexico, his reception, the measures introduced by the Emperor in the protection of the Indian population and the circumstances that led to the creation of the „Junta Protectora de las Clases Menesterosas”, organization representing the interests of the poor, as described in the press of the era.
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Demetrius, F. Joseph, Edward J. Tregurtha e Scott B. MacDonald. "A Brave New World: Debt, Default and Democracy in Latin America". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28, n.º 2 (1986): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165771.
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Plunging Petroleum Prices have elevated Mexico into the position of de facto leadership of Latin American, and perhaps of other, debtor nations in their negotiations with international creditors. Once regarded as a model debtor, Mexico has emerged as forceful spokesman for debt relief. Although Mexican authorities often couch their statements concerning foreign debt repayments in conciliatory, and even contradictory, terms, the underlying fact is that Mexico's demand for some debt relief is tantamount to an unspoken repudiation of a portion of its $96 billion foreign debt. If Mexico, the world's second largest debtor, succeeds in wresting debt relief from its lenders, then it must be recognized that debtor-creditor relationships have undergone a fundamental change: political realities, not contract law, ultimately determine how debt is to be repaid, if at all. Mexico, more by circumstance than by choice, has led debtors and creditors alike into a brave new world.
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Barahona, Ana. "Medical Genetics in Mexico". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 45, n.º 1 (2014): 147–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2015.45.1.147.
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In this paper, I explore the origins of medical cytogenetic knowledge and practices in the 1960s and 1970s in Mexico, focusing on the work of the group headed by Salvador Armendares, who spent two years in Oxford, England, with human genetics expert Alan C. Stevenson. Upon Armendares’ return from England in 1966, the first Unit for Research in Human Genetics was created at a medical setting, the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security). Soon after its creation, Fabio Salamanca and Leonor Buentello began to work with Armendares in the implementation of cytogenetics. Some of the research projects showed the embeddedness of these researchers in both public health policy and medical care, as they tackled the effects of malnutrition on chromosome structure, child mortality, chromosome aberrations, and Down syndrome. Armendares, Salamanca, and Buentello had trained at different academic institutions at many different times, and contributed to transforming hospital medical practice into a medical research discipline. By posing malnutrition, one of the main concerns of Mexican post-revolutionary governments, as both a medical and a genetic problem, the unit contributed to positioning cytogenetics as a medical practice and a medical research domain. The focus of this paper will be this set of institutions, physicians, practices, and ideas that began to reshape medical genetics in Mexico. The reconstruction of the early days of cytogenetics in Mexico demonstrates the major roles played by both the clinic and post-revolution public health policies in the origins of medical genetics in Mexico, within a global movement to deliver the benefits of scientific knowledge to the general population.
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Smith, David R. "Aulacidae of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America (Hymenoptera)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 58, n.º 2 (15 de novembro de 2008): 267–355. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.2.267-355.
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Für das Gebiet der südwestlichen USA (südliches Texas, New Mexico, Arizona), Mexiko und Mittelamerika werden 42 Aulacidae-Arten festgestellt, von denen 11 zu Aulacus Jurine und 31 zu Pristaulacus Kieffer gehören. Aus den südwestlichen USA sind 8 Arten bekannt, 27 aus Mexiko, eine aus Guatemala, drei aus Honduras, eine aus Nicaragua, 11 aus Costa Rica und zwei aus Panama. Die folgenden Taxa werden behandelt: Aulacus maculosus, n. sp. (Costa Rica); A. ochreus Smith, 2005 (Costa Rica); A. fascius, n. sp. (Mexiko); A. veracruz, n. sp. (Mexiko); A. costaricensis, n. sp. (Costa Rica); A heredia, n. sp. (Costa Rica), A. elongatus, n. sp. (Panama, Costa Rica); A. leon, n. sp. (Mexiko); A. whartoni, n. sp. (Mexiko); A. aneurus Walkley, 1952 (USA: New Mexico); A. dispilis Townes, 1950 (USA: Texas); Pristaulacus argutus, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. tria, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. maculatus (Schletterer, 1889) (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama); P. ruficollis (Cameron, 1887) (Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico); P. auricomus, n. sp. (Honduras, Mexico, USA: Arizona); P. virga, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. punctum, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. decorus, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. aquilus, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. torridus (Bradley, 1908) (USA: Texas); P. anteala, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. triclora, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. nigricoxae, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. unimacula, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. postala, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. stangei, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. tenuis, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. decolorus, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. singulus, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. candidus, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. omninoniger, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. townesi, n. sp. (Mexiko), P. arizonicus (Townes, 1950) (USA: Arizona); P. rufitarsis (Cresson, 1864) (USA: Arizona, California, New Mexico); P. ruficruris, n. sp. (Mexico, USA: Texas); P. parkeri, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. mexiuni, n. sp. (Mexiko, USA: Arizona, Texas); P. totoferrugineus, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. hespenheidei, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. tamaulipas, n. sp. (Mexiko); P. annulatus Kieffer, 1911 (Mexiko). Aulacus hyalinipennis Westwood, 1841, wird innerhalb der Aulacidae als species incertae sedis betrachtet.Stichwörterparasitic wasps, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Cerambycidae, Buprestidae.Nomenklatorische Handlungencostaricensis Smith, 2008 (Aulacus), spec. n.elongatus Smith, 2008 (Aulacus), spec. n.fascius Smith, 2008 (Aulacus), spec. n.heredia Smith, 2008 (Aulacus), spec. n.leon Smith, 2008 (Aulacus), spec. n.maculosus Smith, 2008 (Aulacus), spec. n.veracruz Smith, 2008 (Aulacus), spec. n.whartoni Smith, 2008 (Aulacus), spec. n.anteala Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.aquilus Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.argutus Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.auricomus Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.candidus Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.decolorus Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.decorus Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.hespenheidei Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.mexiuni Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.nigricoxae Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.omninoniger Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.parkeri Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.postala Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.punctum Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.ruficollis (Cameron, 1887) (Pristaulacus), Lectotype described as Aulacus ruficollisruficruris Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.singulus Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.stangei Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.tamaulipas Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.tenuis Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.totoferrugineus Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.townesi Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.tria Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.triclora Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.unimacula Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.virga Smith, 2008 (Pristaulacus), spec. n.
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Massey, Douglas S., Jacob S. Rugh e Karen A. Pren. "The Geography of Undocumented Mexican Migration". Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 26, n.º 1 (2010): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2010.26.1.129.
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Using data from Mexico's Matríícula Consular program, we analyze the geographic organization of undocumented Mexican migration to the United States. We show that emigration has moved beyond its historical origins in west-central Mexico into the central region and, to a lesser extent, the southeast and border regions. In the United States, traditional gateways continue to dominate, but a variety of new destinations have emerged. California, in particular, has lost its overwhelming dominance. Although the geographic structure of Mexico-U.S. migration is relatively stable, it has nonetheless continued to evolve and change over time.
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Starr, Pamela K. "Fox's Mexico: Same as It Ever Was?" Current History 101, n.º 652 (1 de fevereiro de 2002): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2001.101.652.58.
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Since the arrival of Vicente Fox to the presidency, Mexico has been stuck in neutral. The executive has been characterized by confusion, indecision, and repeated policy mistakes. Mexican political parties have shown a striking inability to adjust their behavior to the new democratic political environment. And Mexicans of all stripes remain steeped in an authoritarian culture that has prevented them from embracing the political opportunities offered by Mexico's new democratic setting.
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Garcia, Catherine, Joseph Saenz, Jennifer A. Ailshire, Rebecca Wong e Eileen M. Crimmins. "BIOLOGICAL RISK PROFILES IN THE OLDER MEXICAN POPULATION". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (novembro de 2019): S788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2900.
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Abstract Research examining biological risk is critical given that both the Mexican and U.S. populations are aging. Biomarkers can help us understand underlying disease patterns among Mexican-origin individuals in Mexico and the U.S. to help inform disease-prevention efforts for these populations. Using data from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study and the 2010/2012 Health and Retirement Study, we examine seven biomarkers known to predict health risk: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, and C-reactive protein. Logistic regression models, controlling for age and sex, are used to predict high-risk for each biomarker among Mexico-born Mexicans, Mexico-born Mexican-Americans, and U.S.-born Mexican-Americans. Results show that Mexico-born Mexicans exhibit higher biological risk for systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, low HDL cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, and inflammation than Mexico-born and U.S.-born Mexican-Americans. Additionally accounting for socioeconomic status and health behaviors did not explain differences in high-risk among Mexican-born Mexicans.
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Gonzalez-Velazquez, Rodrigo Israel, e Jose Luis Castro-Ruiz. "Water Management in the Rio Conchos Basin: Impacts on Water Deliveries Under the 1944 Treaty". Texas Water Journal 13, n.º 1 (22 de novembro de 2022): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/twj.v13i1.7139.
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The unusual drought that struck the Rio Bravo/Grande basin between Mexico and Texas in 1993 marked a new order in the relationship and commitments to water deliveries from both countries in the context of the 1944 Water Treaty. As a result, Mexico did not comply with the volume of deliveries required in the 1992-1997 cycle. Since then, Mexican deliveries have shared a climate of tension with the U.S., blamed partly on Mexico's unpredictability of its obligations. This tendency is gaining academic interest from the perspective of the Treaty and the binational relationship. However, the evidence on Mexico's inability to meet its binational commitments is still scarce. Hence, this article explores the Conchos River, Mexico's most important tributary to comply with its obligations, the water management and actors involved; the competition and possible conflict scenarios and their solutions; and the impacts on water deliveries from Mexico to the United States. The work uses the Multi-level Governance and Sub-national Hydropolitics concepts and the partial results of an investigation on the internal factors in the basin that affect water deliveries to the U.S.
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Sarma, S. S. S., Marco Antonio Jiménez-Santos e S. Nandini. "Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: An Updated Checklist". Diversity 13, n.º 7 (28 de junho de 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070291.
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A review of the Mexican rotifer species diversity is presented here. To date, 402 species of rotifers have been recorded from Mexico, besides a few infraspecific taxa such as subspecies and varieties. The rotifers from Mexico represent 27 families and 75 genera. Molecular analysis showed about 20 cryptic taxa from species complexes. The genera Lecane, Trichocerca, Brachionus, Lepadella, Cephalodella, Keratella, Ptygura, and Notommata accounted for more than 50% of all species recorded from the Mexican territory. The diversity of rotifers from the different states of Mexico was highly heterogeneous. Only five federal entities (the State of Mexico, Michoacán, Veracruz, Mexico City, Aguascalientes, and Quintana Roo) had more than 100 species. Extrapolation of rotifer species recorded from Mexico indicated the possible occurrence of more than 600 species in Mexican water bodies, hence more sampling effort is needed. In the current review, we also comment on the importance of seasonal sampling in enhancing the species richness and detecting exotic rotifer taxa in Mexico.
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Reuter, Peter, e David Ronfeldt. "Quest for Integrity: The Mexican-US Drug Issue in the 1980s". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 34, n.º 3 (1992): 89–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165926.
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The Flow of drugs from Mexico to the United States has been a source of trouble in US-Mexican relations for at least two decades. The dominant view in Mexico is that the problem arises from the inability of the United States to control its domestic demand for heroin, cocaine, and marijuana. The dominant US view has been that the Mexican government has failed to make effective efforts to control the supply of drugs. At times — in particular after the killing of Enrique Camarena, an agent of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), in 1985 — US government anger at Mexico's alleged failure to maintain the integrity of its anti-drug efforts has been the dominant source of friction between the two nations.
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Gómez-Huerta Suárez, José. "Breve análisis del ceremonial para la fiesta Nacional del 16 de septiembre de 1866, de Maximiliano de Habsburgo segundo emperador de México | Brief analysis of the ceremonial for the National holiday of September 16 1866, of Maximilian of Habsburg second emperor of Mexico." REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES 6, n.º 10 (31 de maio de 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/eeii.vol.6.n.10.2019.23241.
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En este artículo se analiza la festividad más importante de México, en el periodo del Archiduque Maximiliano de Habsburgo. La búsqueda de los conservadores mexicanos de un candidato monárquico acorde con sus intereses. La llegada de Maximiliano de Habsburgo y de su esposa Carlota a México con el apoyo del ejército francés pero esto no supondrá el fin del conflicto mexicano entre los conservadores monárquicos y los liberales republicanos.___________________In this article I analyze the most important festivity in Mexico, in the period of Archduke Maximilian of Habsburgo second Mexican Empire. The arrival of Maximilian of Habsburgo and his wife Carlota to Mexico with the support of the French army not mean the end of conflict between the Mexican monarchist’s conservatives and liberal Republicans.
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Vélez-Ibáñez, Carlos G., Phillip B. (Felipe) Gonzales, Luis F. B. Plascencia e Jesús Rosales. "Interrogating the Ethnogenesis of the Spanish and Mexican “Other”". Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 44, n.º 2 (2019): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/azt.2019.44.2.41.
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This essay interrogates early New Mexican folklore through the cultural position of the folklorist Aurelio M. Espinosa and his general avoidance of most things Mexican regarding New Mexico. We consider how Espinosa and some of his students associated local materials with Spain within the context of the simultaneous rise of an essentialist political-cultural position in support of a “Spain only” identity. Additionally, we interrogate representations of New Mexican folklore as unfettered transmissions from Spain to New Mexico. We argue for the emergence of a type of political and cultural ethnogenesis that precluded associations with anything Mexican and supported a “difference” of origins which legitimized the Nuevo Mexicano political sectors and their position in relation to Anglos. These processes led to the “Othering” of Mexican populations, regarding Mexicans as either a commodity to be bought and sold or recruited for labor then expelled when unwanted together with their American born children, as in the present day.
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Robertson, Raymond. "Wage Shocks and North American Labor-Market Integration". American Economic Review 90, n.º 4 (1 de setembro de 2000): 742–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.4.742.
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This study uses household-level data from the United States and Mexico to examine labor-market integration. I consider how the effects of shocks and rates of convergence to an equilibrium differential are affected by borders, geography, and demographics. I find that even though a large wage differential exists between them, the labor markets of the United States and Mexico are closely integrated. Mexico's border region is more integrated with the United States than is the Mexican interior. Evidence of integration precedes the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and may be largely the result of migration. (JEL F15, F20, J61)
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Hellbom, Anna-Britta. "Man-Like Gods and Deified Men in Mexican Cosmolore". Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 10 (1999): 7–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf1999.10.mexico.
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Adamúz, María de las Mercedes, e José Luis Rivas. "Going public in Mexico". Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 31, n.º 1 (5 de março de 2018): 156–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2017-0106.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that affect the likelihood of being public using a comprehensive database of private and public companies in Mexico, from all sectors, during 2006-2014. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate a longitudinal probit model to identify the ex ante characteristics of public Mexican firms that differentiate them from those Mexican firms that continue to remain private. Findings The authors find that larger, younger and less levered Mexican firms are more likely to be public in Mexico. They additionally test the influence of market conditions and location on the probability of being public. They find that location matters but they find no evidence that initial public offerings (IPOs) are driven by favorable Mexican market conditions. Originality/value This paper contributes to the Mexican and international literature on IPOs because it uses an original database built from information of private and public Mexican firms. The study contributes to a better understanding of the determinants of the decision of going public in Mexico.
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Horn, James J. "The Mexican Revolution and Health Care or the Health of the Mexican Revolution". International Journal of Health Services 15, n.º 3 (julho de 1985): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/d9yv-y19f-nm64-g3d2.
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Despite a victorious social revolution, a self-proclaimed “revolutionary” government, and a significant post-war economic growth, Mexico has not achieved a just or equitable social system. The Mexican Revolution led to the emergence of a new bureaucratic class whose “trickle-down” development strategy sacrificed social welfare to capital accumulation. Mexican morbidity and mortality patterns resemble those of more impoverished developing nations without revolutionary experience. The patterns of health care in Mexico reflect inequities and contradictions in the society and economy at large and flow from the erosion of the egalitarian aims of the revolution concomitant with the expansion of capitalism and the concentration of the benefits of “modernization” in the hands of privileged elites. Mexico's health problems are symptomatic of a general socio-economic malaise which questions the legitimacy of the Revolution.
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Jacob Kosse, Elijah, Stephen Devadoss e Jeff Luckstead. "US-Mexico tomato dispute". Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 13, n.º 2 (10 de junho de 2014): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-10-2013-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical background of the tomato dispute, review the USA trade law and its effect on the tomato trade, discuss the role of the North American Free Trade Agreement and other supply and demand factors on increased tomato imports from Mexico and present a conceptual analysis of the effects of a Suspension Agreement (a form of Voluntary Export Restraint) on the USA and Mexico. In 1996, the USA and Mexico signed the Suspension Agreement which sets a guaranteed minimum price for Mexican tomato imports. Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual analysis graphically illustrates how the Suspension Agreement affects the tomato trade for the USA and Mexico and shows the benefits and losses of consumers and producers in these two countries. Findings – There is no consensus regarding whether Mexico dumps tomatoes onto the US market. However, US trade law favors domestic producers, leading to the signing of the Suspension Agreement. It is shown here that this agreement has substantial welfare effects in both Mexico and the USA. While it was designed to protect US producers, it also aids Mexican consumers and may potentially improve Mexican producer surplus as well. Only US consumers unambiguously suffer a loss. Research limitations/implications – As the theoretical model indicates, the Suspension Agreement’s minimum price does help Floridian farmers but, if the rents are large enough, may also aid Mexican producers. If Mexican producers do gain, then quota rent is shifted from tomato consumers to Mexican producers. On the other hand, US consumers are hurt as well as tomato processing plants because they purchase fresh tomatoes for use as inputs. The higher price minimum after the 2013 agreement will likely intensify the welfare effects, and the addition of different categories with distinct prices is likely to have additional consequences for both welfare and trade distortions. Originality/value – As the USA and Mexico recently signed a new Suspension Agreement, this paper deals with a very timely and contentious trade dispute and contributes to the area of research international trade war. The literature on Suspension Agreements is also expanded by providing welfare analysis of both producers and consumers.
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Taylor, Lawrence D. "From Turbulent Skies to Calmer Air Currents". Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 34, n.º 3 (2018): 347–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2018.34.3.347.
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This article traces the long and difficult road towards the establishment of the first U.S.–Mexico aerial routes. It focuses on seven particular aspects of transborder aviation relations between Mexico and the U.S in the years between 1910 and the early 1930s: transborder observation and exhibition flights; the search for and rescue of lost U.S. pilots in the Mexico border region; U.S. aerial incursions into Mexican territory; goodwill flights; the binational flight of Charles A. Lindbergh (December 1927); the establishment of commercial airlinks and the Compañía Mexicana de Aviación (cma); and the Pan Am mail and passenger flights between Mexico and the U.S. En este artículo se traza el camino largo y dificultoso hacia el establecimiento de las primeras rutas aéreas entre México y Estados Unidos. Se enfoca sobre siete aspectos específicos de las relaciones aéreas transfronterizas entre México y Estados Unidos en los años entre 1910 y principios de la década de 1930: vuelos de observación y de exhibición; la búsqueda y el rescate de pilotos estadunidenses extraviados en la región del lado mexicano de la frontera; incursiones aéreas de los Estados Unidos en territorio mexicano; vuelos de buena voluntad; el vuelo binacional de Charles A. Lindbergh (diciembre de 1927); el establecimiento de vínculos aéreos y la Compañía Mexicana de Aviación (cma); y los vuelos de correo y pasajeros de la Compañía Pan Am entre México y Estados Unidos.
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Camacho, Julia Maríía Schiavone. "Crossing Boundaries, Claiming a Homeland: The Mexican Chinese Transpacific Journey to Becoming Mexican, 1930s––1960s". Pacific Historical Review 78, n.º 4 (1 de novembro de 2009): 545–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2009.78.4.545.
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This article follows Mexican Chinese families from Mexico, across the Mexican-U.S. border, to China, and back to Mexico. Settling in northern Mexico in the nineteenth century, Chinese formed multiple ties with Mexicans. An anti-Chinese movement emerged during the Mexican Revolution and peaked during the Great Depression. The Mexican government deported several thousand Chinese men and their Mexican-origin families from Sonora and neighboring Sinaloa, some directly to China and others to the United States, whose immigration agents also deported the families to China. They arrived in Guangdong (Canton) Province but eventually congregated in Macau where they forged a coherent Mexican Chinese enclave. Developing a strategic Mexican nationalism, they appealed for repatriation. The Mexican Chinese "became Mexican" only after authorities compelled them to struggle for years from abroad for the inclusion of their mixed-race families in the nation. They became diasporic citizens and fashioned hybrid identities to survive in Mexico and China.
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Castillo, Juan Camilo, Daniel Mejía e Pascual Restrepo. "Scarcity without Leviathan: The Violent Effects of Cocaine Supply Shortages in the Mexican Drug War". Review of Economics and Statistics 102, n.º 2 (maio de 2020): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00801.
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This paper asks whether scarcity increases violence in markets that lack a centralized authority. We construct a model in which, by raising prices, scarcity fosters violence. Guided by our model, we examine this effect in the Mexican cocaine trade. At a monthly frequency, scarcity created by cocaine seizures in Colombia, Mexico's main cocaine supplier, increases violence in Mexico. The effects are larger in municipalities near the United States, with multiple cartels and with strong support for PAN (the incumbent party). Between 2006 and 2009 the decline in cocaine supply from Colombia could account for 10% to 14% of the increase in violence in Mexico.
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La Botz, Daniel. "Manufacturing Poverty: The Maquiladorization of Mexico". International Journal of Health Services 24, n.º 3 (julho de 1994): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hy6r-ey5g-3axp-vv8n.
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Based on interviews with social workers, attorneys, feminists, union activists, and factory workers, the author argues that the maquiladora free trade zone of Northern Mexico portends developments under the North American Free Trade Agreement. Today some 500,000 Mexican workers labor in 2,000 factories for $4.50 a day in Mexico's maquiladoras. Two-thirds of the workers are women, many single women who head their households. These women work in the new, modern manufacturing plants in industrial parks, but live in squalid shanty towns without adequate water, sewage, or electricity. On the job, workers face exposures to toxic chemicals and dangerous work processes. The Mexican government does not have the political will, the trained personnel, or the equipment to monitor these occupational health problems. While Mexico's Constitution and labor laws guarantee workers the right to organize, bargain collectively, and strike, in practice the state controls the unions and opposes worker activism. In the face of employer and state repression workers are forced to organize secretly to fight for higher wages and safer conditions.
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Lurtz, Casey Marina. "A Confounded Statistic: Turn-of-the-Century Mexican Agriculture in Incommensurable Terms". Americas 80, n.º 2 (abril de 2023): 291–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2023.5.
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AbstractIn 1899, municipal officials throughout Mexico sent tables of agricultural statistics to Mexico City to assist in the preparation of a special publication for the 1900 Paris Universal Exposition, where the Mexican government hoped it would impress the world with Mexico's modernity and potential. Though the activity was nothing new, the ways in which municipal officials provided the requested information confounded the national project of both understanding and representing the Mexican countryside. The statistics were never published. This article serves as an introduction to a new dataset and collection of maps built from transcriptions of the manuscript tables. It also demonstrates that regular participation in statistical undertakings served as a means for provincial Mexicans to complicate and confound the process of state consolidation. Here I see, rather than refusal or rebellion, ready participation in state knowledge projects as another way in which those beyond Mexico City managed their relationships with President Porfirio Díaz's technocratic government. Engaging with conceptions of governmentality on one side and data management on the other, I use the 1899 agricultural statistics to highlight how unruly participation in data collection frustrated the practice's centralizing and standardizing project.
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Colcleugh, Malcolm Bruce. "War-Time Portraits of the Gringo: American Invaders and the Manufacture of Mexican Nationalism". Montréal 1995 6, n.º 1 (9 de fevereiro de 2006): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031089ar.
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Abstract The 1846 American invasion of Mexico sparked an intensely nationalist response among members of Mexico's Liberal and Conservative intelligentsia. This paper documents and analyzes that nationalist reaction. To rally the nation to the cause, Mexican intellectuals constructed and presented to the Mexican masses frightful, negative caricatures and stereotypes of the invading Americans. An abject race of vile and perfidious usurpers, Anglo-Saxon invaders were, the intelligentsia warned, intent upon the spoliation of Mexico and the enslavement of her people. If not stopped by a vigorous prosecution of the war, they warned, the greedy and cruel heretics from the north would soon descend over the whole nation, raping Mexico's daughters along the way and desecrating her holy shrines. Disseminated through newspapers, political pamphlets and broadsides, it was against such caricatures that the allegedly positive features of the Mexican identity were defined and delineated. Against the dark and fiendish stereotypes of the Americans stood, in stark and powerful contrast, the moral and benevolent Mexicans. Where the American caricature evoked the dreadful image of a marauding, degenerate infidel, the Mexican portraiture called forth the equally evocative image of an upright, generous defender. While the Americans fought because of their greed, the Mexicans, it was maintained, resisted for the honour of their families, their Church and their motherland.
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Hesti Eka Denata, Novera Luthfiani e Fatimatuz Zahro. "THE IMPACT OF NAFTA IN MEXICO". SIYAR Journal 3, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2023): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/siyar.2023.3.2.131-141.
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This research paper aims to analyze the impact of regionalism and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading system on the Mexican economy. This analysis uses Mexican economic data from before and after the implementation of NAFTA to analyze its impact on the Mexican economy. Mexico experienced good economic growth after the implementation of NAFTA. Although the impact was not evenly distributed across all economic sectors, the manufacturing and export sectors experienced good growth as NAFTA provided easier access to the US market. The positive impact of the implementation of NAFTA on the Mexican economy was an increase in the flow of foreign investment into Mexico. This agreement opened the door for foreign companies to invest and help in the development of certain sectors such as manufacturing and automotive in Mexico. However, Mexico also faces challenges with the NAFTA agreement. One of them is vulnerability to international market instability and the United States' changing trade policies. In addition, some sectors of the Mexican economy still face systematic barriers and inequities in the distribution of economic benefits.
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BAITENMANN, HELGA. "Popular Participation in State Formation: Land Reform in Revolutionary Mexico". Journal of Latin American Studies 43, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2011): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x1000177x.
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AbstractLand reform efforts during the armed phase of the Mexican revolution (1910–20) remain largely overshadowed by the more dramatic events of the period. Based on records held in the Archivo General Agrario in Mexico City, this article shows how villagers in different parts of Mexico negotiated their claims to land with various revolutionary regimes during the armed struggle, with particular attention to the local committees created to measure land boundaries, conduct village censuses and distribute land. These negotiations between agrarian officials and villagers laid the foundations for the first post-revolutionary national administration. The emergent federal agrarian offices doubled as a legislative branch of government, assumed quasi-judicial functions and restricted the role of municipal and state governments – qualities that would characterise Mexico's agrarian reform for the next 70 years. In highlighting the ways that early land reform efforts contributed to state formation, this article questions the current social science inclination to ‘decentre’ Mexico's post-revolutionary regime.
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Campos, Edgar Jesus, e Douglas Hartmann. "Viva Mexico! The Cultural Politics Behind the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Bid". Journal of Olympic Studies 4, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 2023): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/26396025.4.1.03.
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Abstract This article is a case study of the vision of Mexican history, identity, and culture that won the 1968 Summer Olympic Games for Mexico City. The Mexican elites’ portrayal of Mexico as a modern, cosmopolitan nation contributing to emerging global institutions and ideals in the postcolonial era ensured the bid's success. The article's core is a close reading of the official bid and bidding process. This analysis is supplemented and sharpened by contrasting it with alternative visions of Mexican nationalism and the competing Buenos Aires bid. Guided by symbolic interactionism and theories of cultural politics, the study highlights the unique status of Mexico and Latin America in the Olympic Movement, reminds us of the role of the International Olympic Committee in constructing global order in the Cold War era, and shows the value of studying alternative and unsuccessful visions of nationalism, modernity, and global cosmopolitanism.