Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Méthodes de Gradient Inertiel"
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Monnet, Tony. "Contribution à l'identification des paramètres inertiels des segments du corps humain". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202452.
Texto completo da fontePlusieurs applications de cette méthode ont été réalisées et publiées. Les premières concernent la validation de la méthode d'identification à partir de mouvements simulés obtenus à l'aide du logiciel HuMAnS (INRIA). Cette application a permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de connaître précisément les centres articulaires afin de déterminer les paramètres inertiels. Les autres applications ont été menées in vivo et les paramètres inertiels des segments du membre supérieur ont ainsi été déterminés et comparés à des modélisations classiques. La méthode d'identification permet d'obtenir les paramètres inertiels personnalisés et constitue ainsi une alternative très intéressante aux modélisations classiques particulièrement dans le cas d'études incluant des populations particulières (sportifs « hors normes », obèses, handicapés) pour lesquelles aucun modèle n'est adapté.
Ayad, Mohammad. "Homogenization-based, higher-gradient dynamical response of micro-structured media". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0062.
Texto completo da fonteA discrete dynamic approach (DDM) is developed in the context of beam mechanics to calculate the dispersion characteristics of periodic structures. Subsequently, based on this dynamical beam formulation, we calculate the dispersion characteristics of one-dimensional and two-dimensional periodic media. A sufficiently high order development of the forces and moments of the structural elements is necessary to accurately describe the propagation modes of higher order. These results show that the calculations of the dispersion characteristics of structural systems can be approached with good accuracy by the dynamics of the discrete elements. Besides, non-classical behaviors can be captured not only by higher order expansion but also by higher gradient formulations. To that scope, we develop a higher gradient dynamic homogenization method with micro-inertia effects. Using this formulation, we compute the macroscopic constitutive parameters up to the second gradient, using two distinct approaches, namely Hamilton’s principle and a total internal energy formulation. We analyze the sensitivity of the second gradient constitutive terms on the inner material and geometric parameters for the case of composite materials made of a periodic, layered microstructure. Moreover, we show that the formulations based on the total internal energy taking into account higher order gradient terms give the best description of wave propagation through the composite. We analyze the higher order and micro-inertia contributions on the mechanical behavior of composite structures by calculating the effective static and dynamic properties of composite beams using a higher order dynamic homogenization method. We compute the effective longitudinal static response with higher order gradient, by quantifying the relative difference compared to the classical formulation of Cauchy type, which is based on the first gradient of displacement. We then analyze the propagation properties of longitudinal waves in terms of the natural frequency of composite structural elements, taking into account the contribution of micro-inertia. The internal length plays a crucial role in the contributions of micro-inertia, which is particularly significant for low internal length values, therefore for a wide range of materials used in structural engineering. The developed method shows an important size effect for the higher gradients, and to remove these effects correction terms have been incorporated which are related to the quadratic moment of inertia. We analyze in this context the influence of the correction terms on the static and dynamic behavior of composites with a central inclusion
Gaujour, Etienne. "Evaluation des sources d'espèces et des déterminants de la diversité végétale des parcelles agricoles : interchamps, stock semencier, pratiques agricoles et paysage de l'Installation Expérimentale Inra ASTER Mirecourt". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL020N/document.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the means to offset the decrease of pesticide use is to favour agro-ecological services of plant diversity. In this aim, farmer will have to adapt its farming management. My work partly answers to the following applied objective: to bring to the farmer some advices for the management of plant diversity on the farm territory. I have two scientific objectives: i) to verify if field boundaries and soil seed bank are potential sources of plant species for field centres; ii) to quantify the relative influence of dynamics of two factor groups, characterized as field paths, on plant diversity: farming practices and characteristics of landscape mosaïc.I have carried out this study on the experimental farm of INRA ASTER Mirecourt. Its farming systems (mixed crop-dairy systems) have been converted to organic farming since 2004. I have characterized vegetation - established vegetation in field boundaries and in field centres, and vegetation in the soil seed bank - of permanent grasslands and arable fields with complementary approaches: taxonomical approach based on the species, and functional approach based on seven functional properties about dispersal, establishment and persistence of plant species. I have characterized field paths, along nine years, either from farming practices set up on field, either from annual characteristics of landscape mosaïc. I have represented this landscape mosaïc as a mosaïc of distinct land-uses. All of them and their spatialization have been determined from farmer surveys or landscape observations.My results show that soil seed bank and field bboundaries are not potential sources of plant species for field centres, in both permanent grasslands and arable fields. On the other hand, they are efficient refuges for a large part of grassland species. According to my results, I hypothesize that field boudaries are species sinks in arable fields. I also highlight that functional gradient of grassland vegetation in the field edge, between field margins and field centres, is spread until 2 m only.Finally, plant diversity in studied fields is mainly influenced by field path according landscape mosaïc and by farming practices set up the same year of vegetation sampling. Soil characteristics have a minor influence. These three groups of influent factors explain more than 75 % of the functional composition variability of the vegetation in field centres.The management of plant diversity in agricultural fields of a given farm can be partly reach by the farmer. However, according to the effects of field paths about landscape mosaïc, it is necessary to set up a collective management of plant diversity with all actors sharing the studied territory
Caruso, David. "Amélioration des méthodes de navigation vision-inertiel par exploitation des perturbations magnétiques stationnaires de l’environnement". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS133/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis addresses the issue of positioning in 6-DOF that arises from augmented reality applications and focuses on embedded sensors based solutions.Nowadays, the performance reached by visual-inertial navigation systems is starting to be adequate for AR applications. Nonetheless, those systems are based on position correction from visual sensors involved at a relatively high frequency to mitigate the quick drift of low-cost inertial sensors. This is a problem when the visual environment is unfavorable.In parallel, recent works have shown it was feasible to leverage magnetic field to reduce inertial integration drift thanks to a new type of low-cost sensor, which includes – in addition to the accelerometers and gyrometers – a network of magnetometers. Yet, this magnetic approach for dead-reckoning fails if stationarity and non-uniformity hypothesis on the magnetic field are unfulfilled in the vicinity of the sensor.We develop a robust dead-reckoning solution combining simultaneously information from all these sources: magnetic, visual, and inertial sensor. We present several approaches to solve for the fusion problem, using either filtering or non-linear optimization paradigm and we develop an efficient way to use magnetic error term in a classical bundle adjustment that was inspired from already used idea for inertial terms. We evaluate the performance of these estimators on data from real sensors. We demonstrate the benefits of the fusion compared to visual-inertial and magneto-inertial solutions. Finally, we study theoretical properties of the estimators that are linked to invariance theory
Maulen, Soto Rodrigo. "A dynamical system perspective οn stοchastic and iΙnertial methοds fοr optimizatiοn". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC220.
Texto completo da fonteMotivated by the ubiquity of optimization in many areas of science and engineering, particularly in data science, this thesis exploits the close link between continuous-time dissipative dynamical systems and optimization algorithms to provide a systematic analysis of the global and local behavior of several first- and second-order systems, focusing on convex, stochastic, and infinite-dimensional settings on the one hand, and non-convex, deterministic, and finite-dimensional settings on the other hand. For stochastic convex minimization problems in infinite-dimensional separable real Hilbert spaces, our key proposal is to analyze them through the lens of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and inclusions (SDIs), as well as their inertial variants. We first consider smooth differentiable convex problems and first-order SDEs, demonstrating almost sure weak convergence towards minimizers under integrability of the noise and providing a comprehensive global and local complexity analysis. We also study composite non-smooth convex problems using first-order SDIs, and show under integrability conditions on the noise, almost sure weak convergence of the trajectory towards a minimizer, with Tikhonov regularization almost sure strong convergence of trajectory to the minimal norm solution. We then turn to developing a unified mathematical framework for analyzing second-order stochastic inertial dynamics via time scaling and averaging of stochastic first-order dynamics, achieving almost sure weak convergence of trajectories towards minimizers and fast convergence of values and gradients. These results are extended to more general second-order SDEs with viscous and Hessian-driven damping, utilizing a dedicated Lyapunov analysis to prove convergence and establish new convergence rates. Finally, we study deterministic non-convex optimization problems and propose several inertial algorithms to solve them derived from second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) combining both non-vanishing viscous damping and geometric Hessian-driven damping in explicit and implicit forms. We first prove convergence of the continuous-time trajectories of the ODEs to a critical point under the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz (KL) property with explicit rates, and generically to a local minimum under a Morse condition. Moreover, we propose algorithmic schemes by appropriate discretization of these ODEs and show that all previous properties of the continuous-time trajectories still hold in the discrete setting under a proper choice of the stepsize
Audouze, Christophe. "Méthodes performantes d'approximations de solutions en chimie quantique moléculaire". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112336.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is composed of three chapters dealing with problems derived from molecular quantum chemsitry. Ln the first chapter, we propose a theorem of decomposition for a wave function associated with 2N fermions in multiconfigurations framework. We get a relatively optimal development in term of configurations and an energy error estimate according to the previous decomposition. The second chapter is devoted to the research of numerous eigenstates in parallel for the Kohn-Sham madel which computes N orthonormal wave functions and owes a O(N^3) complexity. We propose a new parallel algorithm based on a spectral partitionning of an energy band which is to be determined. We calculate independently clusters of eigenvalues with local orthogonalizations. We give a partitionning criterium of the energy band adapted to the kind of eigenvalue algorithm used. In collaboration with the CEA, this method should lead to an algorithm of complexity O(N^2) in the ABINIT project. The third chapter presents a new way to attack the eigenproblem by considering gradient flows to minimize a functional with constraints. We create adapted flows to the linear and non linear eigenproblems, corresponding respectively to the non self-consistent diagonalization in chemistry and to the Hartree-Fock energy minimization without the self-consistance. A theoretical survey allows to propose preconditionned versions of these flows. Finally, we treat a molecule subjected to a constant electric field
Zhang, Hanyu. "Méthodes itératives à retard pour architecture massivement parallèles". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC068.
Texto completo da fonteWith the increase of architectures composed of multi-cores, many algorithms need to revisited and be modified to exploit the power of these new architectures. These algorithms divide the original problem into “small pieces” and distribute these pieces to different processors at disposal, thus communications among them are indispensible to assure the convergence. My thesis mainly focus on solving large sparse systems of linear equations in parallel with new methods. These methods are based on the gradient methods. Two key parameters of the gradient methods are descent direction and step-length of descent for each iteration. Our methods compute the directions locally, which requires less synchronization and computation, leading to faster iterations and make easy asynchronization possible. Convergence can be proved in both synchronized or asynchronized cases. Numerical tests demonstrate the efficiency of these methods. The other part of my thesis deal with the acceleration of the vector sequences generated by classical iterative algorithms. Though general chaotic sequences may not be accelerated, it is possible to prove that with any fixed retard pattern, then the generated sequence can be accelerated. Different numerical tests demonstrate its efficiency
Nounah, Hassan. "Modélisation et caractérisation des matériaux à gradient de propriétés mécaniques par des méthodes microacoustiques". Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20117.
Texto completo da fonteScala, Ilaria. "Caractérisation d’interphase par des méthodes ultrasonores : applicationaux tissus péri-prothétiques". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1107/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focus on the ultrasonic characterization of bone-implant interphase. This region is a transition zone where the osteointegration process (i.e. the healing process of the tissues surrounding the implant) takes place. Thus, this interphase is of crucial importance in the long-term anchorage of the implant, since it depends on the quantity and quality of the surrounding bone tissue. However, other than being a complex medium in constant remodeling, the newly formed bone presents a multiscale and time evolving nature. All these reasons make the characterization of the bone-implant interphase critical and difficult. In this context, ultrasound methods are nowadays widely used in the clinic field because of their ability to give information about the biomechanical properties of bone tissue. On this basis, with the aim of characterizing the mechanical and microstructural properties of the bone-implant interphase by ultrasound methods, it is important to develop and validate mechanical models and signal processing methods. Due to the complexity of the problem, in order to precisely describe the bone tissue surrounding the implant, first an accurate modelling of bone tissue is essential. Thus, the interaction between an ultrasonic wave and bone tissue has been investigated by also taking into account the effects dues to the microstructure. To do this, a generalized continuum modelling has been used. In this context, a transmission/reflection test performed on a poroelastic sample dipped in a fluid enhanced the reliability of the model. The reflected and transmitted pressure fields result to be affected by the microstructure parameters and the results coming from the dispersion analysis are in agreement with those observed in experiments for poroelastic specimens. Then, the problem has been complicated by considering the interphase taking place between the bone and the implant. In this way, we could handle the complexity added by the presence of the newly formed tissue. As already said, the fact that this interphase is a heterogeneous medium, a mixture of both solid and fluid phases whose properties evolve with time is an additional difficulty. Thus, in order to model the interaction of ultrasonic waves with this interphase, a thin layer with elastic and inertial properties has been considered in the model. The effects on the reflection properties of a transition between a homogeneous and a microstructured continuum have been investigated.Therefore, the characterization of the medium also via advanced signal processing techniques is investigated. In particular, the dynamic response due to the ultrasonic excitation of the bone-implant system is analyzed through the multifractal approach. A first analysis based on the wavelet coefficients pointed out a multifractal signature for the signals from both simulations and experiences. Then, a sensitivity study has also shown that the variation of parameters such as central frequency and trabecular bone density does not lead to a change in the response. The originality lies in the fact that it is one of the early efforts to exploit the multifractal approach in the ultrasonic propagation inside a heterogeneous medium
Kunhappan, Deepak. "Modélisation numérique de l’écoulement de suspensions de fibres souples en régime inertiel". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI045/document.
Texto completo da fonteA numerical model describing the behavior of flexible fibers under inertial flows was developed by coupling a discrete element solver with a finite volume solver.Each fiber is discretized into several beam segments, such that the fiber can bend, twist and rotate. The equations of the fiber motion were solved usinga second order accurate explicit scheme (space and time). The three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations describing the motion of the fluid phase was discretizedusing a fourth th order accurate (space and time) unstructured finite volume scheme. The coupling between the discrete fiber phase and the continuous fluid phasewas obtained by a pseudo immersed boundary method as the hydrodynamic force on the fiber segments were calculated based on analytical expressions.Several hydrodynamic force models were analyzed and their validity and short-comings were identified. For Reynolds numbers (Re) at the inertial regime(0.01 < Re < 100, Re defined at the fiber scale), non linear drag force formulations based on the flow past an infinite cylinder was used. For rigid fibers in creeping flow, the drag force formulation from the slender body theory was used. A per unit length hydrodynamic torque model for the fibers was derived from explicit numerical simulations of shear flow past a high aspect ratio cylinder. The developed model was validated against several experimental studies and analytical theories ranging from the creeping flow regime (for rigid fibers) to inertial regimes. In the creeping flow regime, numerical simulations of semi dilute rigid fiber suspensions in shear were performed.The developed model wasable to capture the fiber-fiber hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic interactions. The elasto-hydrodynamic interactions at finite Reynolds was validated with against two test cases. In the first test case, the deflection of the free end of a fiber in an uniform flow field was obtained numerically and the results were validated. In the second test case the conformation of long flexible fibers in homogeneous isotropic turbulence was obtained numerically and the results were compared with previous experiments. Two numerical studies were performed to verify the effects of the suspended fibers on carrier phase turbulence and the numerical model was able to reproduce the damping/enhancement phenomena of turbulence in channel and pipe flows as a consequence of the micro-structural evolution of the fibers
Lahbazi, Ahmed. "Modélisation et identification des matériaux architecturés et composites par des méthodes d'homogénéisation à gradient d'ordre supérieur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0153.
Texto completo da fonteThe general objective of the thesis is to identify second gradient, chiral Cosserat media and micromorphic models of fibrous media having a regular periodic internal architecture - 2D and 3D textiles, complex yarns - based on suitable discrete and continuous homogenization schemes, first in small strains and then under large strains. Considering the large strains regime, the form of the strain energy density for second gradient and micromorphic hyperelastic effective continua will be identified, selecting for their arguments a set of physically meaningful invariants reflecting the deformation modes of the fibrous microstructure. Discrete and continuous homogenization schemes towards higher order media will be developed and compared; they will lead to incremental formulations to predict the nonlinear elastic response. Continuous second gradient homogenization simulations will serve as a reference solution to assess the accuracy of the effective mechanical responses computed by discrete homogenization.The development of efficient computational models will be accompanied by the design and realization of novel measurement protocols to identify the higher order mechanical moduli of the enriched models. Applications of the developed theoretical and experimental methods will be done for a selection of fibrous architectures prone to such internal scale effects. The predicted nonlinear responses of well-chosen fibrous media will be validated by measurements (done in LPMT for fibrous materials; microstructures produced by additive printing in LEM3 will also be tested there)
Froehly, Luc. "Nouveaux matériaux à gradient d'indice pour l'optique : étude des procédés de fabrication existants et développement de méthodes de caractèrisation". Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET4005.
Texto completo da fonteCaillabet, Laurent. "Equation d'état ab initio de l'hydrogène dans la matière dense et tiède et application à l'implosion de cibles pour la fusion pour le confinement inertiel". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/59/92/83/PDF/Memoire.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn the field of the inertial confinement fusion ( ICF), the equation of state ( EoS) of the hydrogen and its isotopes is one of the most important properties to know. The EoS based on chemical models have difficulty in giving an unambiguous description of the hydrogen in the strong coupled and partial degenerate regime, called Warm Dense Matter ( WDM). Indeed, these models use potential with adjustable parameters to describe the many body interactions which are important in the WDM. On the other hand, the ab initio methods resolve almost exactly the quantum many body problem and are thus particularly relevant in this domain. In the first part of this thesis, we describe how we built a table of a multi-phase EoS of the hydrogen, using ab initio methods in the field of the WDM. We show in particular that this EoS is in very good agreement with most of the available experimental data (principal Hugoniot, sound velocity in the molecular fluid, melting curve at low pressure, measurements of multiple shocks). In the second part, we present a direct application of our EoS by showing its influence on the criteria of ignition and combustion of two target designs for ICF: a self-ignited target which will be used on the Laser MegaJoule ( LMJ), and a shock-ignited target. We show in particular that the optimization of the laser pulse allowing maximizing the thermonuclear energy is strongly dependent on the precision of the EoS in the strong coupled and degenerate domain
Radi, Bouchaïb. "Méthodes de calcul par sous-domaines : application au problème de contact entre deux solides déformables". Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA2041.
Texto completo da fonteMoufawad, Sophie. "Enlarged Krylov Subspace Methods and Preconditioners for Avoiding Communication". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066438/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe performance of an algorithm on any architecture is dependent on the processing unit’s speed for performing floating point operations (flops) and the speed of accessing memory and disk. As the cost of communication is much higher than arithmetic operations, and since this gap is expected to continue to increase exponentially, communication is often the bottleneck in numerical algorithms. In a quest to address the communication problem, recent research has focused on communication avoiding Krylov subspace methods based on the so called s-step methods. However there are very few communication avoiding preconditioners, and this represents a serious limitation of these methods. In this thesis, we present a communication avoiding ILU0 preconditioner for solving large systems of linear equations (Ax=b) by using iterative Krylov subspace methods. Our preconditioner allows to perform s iterations of the iterative method with no communication, by applying a heuristic alternating min-max layers reordering to the input matrix A, and through ghosting some of the input data and performing redundant computation. We also introduce a new approach for reducing communication in the Krylov subspace methods, that consists of enlarging the Krylov subspace by a maximum of t vectors per iteration, based on the domain decomposition of the graph of A. The enlarged Krylov projection subspace methods lead to faster convergence in terms of iterations and to parallelizable algorithms with less communication, with respect to Krylov methods. We discuss two new versions of Conjugate Gradient, multiple search direction with orthogonalization CG (MSDO-CG) and long recurrence enlarged CG (LRE-CG)
Nicolas, Dimitri. "Couplage de méthodes d'échantillonnage et de méthodes d'optimisation de formes pour des problèmes de diffraction inverse". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00761675.
Texto completo da fonteCaldani, Romain. "Atomic interferometry for simultaneous measurement of g and its vertical gradient Differential phase extraction in dual interferometers exploiting the correlation between classical and quantum sensors Simultaneous accurate determination of both gravity and its vertical gradient". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS511.
Texto completo da fonteThis work focuses on the development of a new generation of cold-atom inertial sensor. Its architecture is based on two independent atomic sources simultaneously interrogated by an interferometric sequence common to both sources. In addition, in order to achieve ultimate measurement performance, our instrument is based on the latest optical methods for atomic manipulation: Bloch oscillations and multi-photon transitions. During my thesis, the instrument has reached a level of development to perform a proof-of-principle operation, allowing to simultaneously measure the gravity acceleration g and its vertical gradient. In particular, we demonstrated a new measurement method that allows to overcome not only common mode noise, but also the baseline fluctuations of the instrument, for the determination of the gravity gradient. To carry out this work, I also used a prototype of industrial optical bench for space application, developed as part of a project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) and coordinated by the Muquans company. In parallel with the developments of our instrument, we tested and characterized this fiber bench which fulfills all the optical functionalities necessary for the operation of an atom interferometer in space
Pham, Kim. "Construction et analyse de modèles d'endommagement à gradient". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559405.
Texto completo da fonteLemoine, Carole. "Mécanismes de combustion de charbon en grains isolés et en nuages de grains sous fort gradient thermique". Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0148.
Texto completo da fonteKrzyworzcka, Sonia. "Extension des méthodes de types lanczos à la résolution de systèmes non linéaires". Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10178.
Texto completo da fonteGodoy, Campbell Matias. "Sur le problème inverse de détection d'obstacles par des méthodes d'optimisation". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30220/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of the inverse problem of obstacle/object detection using optimization methods. This problem consists in localizing an unknown object omega inside a known bounded domain omega by means of boundary measurements and more precisely by a given Cauchy pair on a part Gammaobs of thetaOmega. We cover the scalar and vector scenarios for this problem considering both the Laplace and the Stokes equations. For both cases, we rely on identifiability result which ensures that there is a unique obstacle/object which corresponds to the considered boundary measurements. The strategy used in this work is to reduce the inverse problem into the minimization of a cost-type functional: the Kohn-Vogelius functional. This kind of approach is widely used and permits to use optimization tools for numerical implementations. However, in order to well-define the functional, this approach needs to assume the knowledge of a measurement on the whole exterior boundary thetaOmega. This last point leads us to first study the data completion problem which consists in recovering the boundary conditions on an inaccessible region, i.e. on thetaOmega\Gammaobs, from the Cauchy data on the accessible region Gammaobs. This inverse problem is also studied through the minimization of a Kohn-Vogelius type functional. The ill-posedness of this problem enforces us to regularize the functional via a Tikhonov regularization. We obtain several theoretical properties as convergence properties, in particular when data is corrupted by noise. Based on these theoretical results, we reconstruct numerically the boundary data by implementing a gradient algorithm in order to minimize the regularized functional. Then we study the obstacle detection problem when only partial boundary measurements are available. We consider the inaccessible boundary conditions and the unknown object as the variables of the functional and then, using geometrical shape optimization tools, in particular the shape gradient of the Kohn-Vogelius functional, we perform the numerical reconstruction of the unknown inclusion. Finally, we consider, into the two dimensional vector case, a new degree of freedom by studying the case when the number of objects is unknown. Hence, we use the topological shape optimization in order to minimize the Kohn-Vogelius functional. We obtain the topological asymptotic expansion of the solution of the 2D Stokes equations and characterize the topological gradient for this functional. Then we determine numerically the number and location of the obstacles. Additionally, we propose a blending algorithm which combines the topological and geometrical shape optimization methods in order to determine numerically the number, location and shape of the objects
Vilar, François. "Utilisation des méthodes Galerkin discontinues pour la résolution de l'hydrodynamique Lagrangienne bi-dimentsionnelle". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14605/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe intent of the present work was the development of a high-order discontinuous Galerkin scheme for solving the gas dynamics equations written under total Lagrangian form on two-dimensional unstructured grids. To achieve this goal, a progressive approach has been used to study the inherent numerical difficulties step by step. Thus, discontinuous Galerkin schemes up to the third order of accuracy have firstly been implemented for the one-dimensional and two-dimensional scalar conservation laws on unstructured grids. The main feature of the presented DG scheme lies on the use of a polynomial Taylor basis. This particular choice allows in the two-dimensional case to take into general unstructured grids account in a unified framework. In this frame, a vertex-based hierarchical limitation which preserves smooth extrema has been implemented. A generic form of numerical fluxes ensuring the global stability of our semi-discrete discretization in the $L_2$ norm has also been designed. Then, this DG discretization has been applied to the one-dimensional system ofconservation laws such as the acoustic system, the shallow-water one and the gas dynamics equations system written in the Lagrangian form. Noticing that the application of the limiting procedure, developed for scalar equations, to the physical variables leads to spurious oscillations, we have described a limiting procedure based on the characteristic variables. In the case of the one-dimensional gas dynamics case, numerical fluxes have been designed so that our semi-discrete DG scheme satisfies a global entropy inequality. Finally, we have applied all the knowledge gathered to the case of the two-dimensional gas dynamics equation written under total Lagrangian form. In this framework, the computational grid is fixed, however one has to follow the time evolution of the Jacobian matrix associated to the Lagrange-Euler flow map, namely the gradient deformation tensor. In the present work, the flow map is discretized by means of continuous mapping, using a finite element basis. This provides an approximation of the deformation gradient tensor which satisfies the important Piola identity. The discretization of the physical conservation laws for specific volume, momentum and total energy relies on a discontinuous Galerkin method. The scheme is built to satisfying exactly the Geometric Conservation Law (GCL). In the case of the third-order scheme, the velocity field being quadratic we allow the geometry to curve. To do so, a Bezier representation is employed to define the mesh edges. We illustrate the robustness and the accuracy of the implemented schemes using several relevant test cases and performing rate convergences analysis
Baillet, Séverine. "Optimisation de forme d'une pompe générique de fond de puits". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344716.
Texto completo da fonteLi, Tianyi. "Gradient-damage modeling of dynamic brittle fracture : variational principles and numerical simulations". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX042/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn civil engineering, mechanical integrity of the reinforced concrete structures under severe transient dynamic loading conditions is of paramount importance for safety and calls for an accurate assessment of structural behaviors in presence of dynamic crack propagation. In this work, we focus on the constitutive modeling of concrete regarded as an elastic-damage brittle material. The strain localization evolution is governed by a gradient-damage approach where a scalar field achieves a smeared description of dynamic fracture phenomena. The contribution of the present work is both theoretical and numerical. We propose a variationally consistent formulation of dynamic gradient damage models. A formal definition of several energy release rate concepts in the gradient damage model is given and we show that the dynamic crack tip equation of motion is governed by a generalized Griffith criterion. We then give an efficient numerical implementation of the model based on a standard finite-element spatial discretization and the Newmark time-stepping methods in a parallel computing framework. Simulation results of several problems are discussed both from a computational and physical point of view. Different damage constitutive laws and tension-compression asymmetry formulations are compared with respect to their aptitude to approximate brittle fracture. Specific properties of the dynamic gradient damage model are investigated for different phases of the crack evolution: nucleation, initiation, propagation, arrest, kinking and branching. Comparisons with experimental results are also performed in order to validate the model and indicate its further improvement
Ollier, Edouard. "Sélection de modèles statistiques par méthodes de vraisemblance pénalisée pour l'étude de données complexes". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN097.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is mainly devoted to the development of penalized maximum likelihood methods for the study of complex data.A first work deals with the selection of generalized linear models in the framework of stratified data, characterized by the measurement of observations as well as covariates within different groups (or strata). The purpose of the analysis is then to determine which covariates influence in a global way (whatever the stratum) the observations but also to evaluate the heterogeneity of this effect across the strata.Secondly, we are interested in the selection of nonlinear mixed effects models used in the analysis of longitudinal data. In a first work, we describe a SAEM-type algorithm in which the penalty is taken into account during step M by solving a penalized regression problem at each iteration. In a second work, inspired by proximal gradient algorithms, we simplify the M step of the penalized SAEM algorithm previously described by performing only one proximal gradient iteration at each iteration. This algorithm, called Stochastic Approximation Proximal Gradient Algorithm (SAPG), corresponds to a proximal gradient algorithm in which the gradient of the likelihood is approximated by a stochastic approximation technique.Finally, we present two statistical modeling works realized during this thesis
Zou, Qinmeng. "Iterative methods with retards for the solution of large-scale linear systems". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC042.
Texto completo da fonteAny perturbation in linear systems may severely degrade the performance of iterative methods when conjugate directions are constructed. This issue can be partially remedied by lagged gradient methods, which does not guarantee descent in the quadratic function but can improve the convergence compared with traditional gradient methods. Later work focused on alternate gradient methods with two or more steplengths in order to break the zigzag pattern. Recent papers suggested that revealing of second-order information along with lagged steps could reduce asymptotically the search spaces in smaller and smaller dimensions. This led to gradient methods with alignment in which essential and auxiliary steps are conducted alternately. Numerical experiments have demonstrated their effectiveness. This dissertation first considers efficient gradient methods for solving symmetric positive definite linear systems. We begin by studying an alternate method with two-dimensional finite termination property. Then we derive more spectral properties for traditional steplengths. These properties allow us to expand the family of gradient methods with alignment and establish the convergence of new methods. We also treat gradient iterations as an inexpensive process embedded in splitting methods. In particular we address the parameter estimation problem and suggest to use fast gradient methods as low-precision inner solvers. For the parallel case we focus on the lagged formulations for which it is possible to reduce communication costs. We also present some new properties and methods for s-dimensional gradient iterations. To sum up, this dissertation is concerned with three inter-related topics in which gradient iterations can be employed as efficient solvers, as embedded tools for splitting methods and as parallel solvers for reducing communication. Numerical examples are presented at the end of each topic to support our theoretical findings
Watremetz, Benoît. "Modèle thermomécanique 3D d'un matériau à gradient de propriétés à l'aide de techniques multigrilles : application aux moules d'injection de polymères". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0057/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSurface treatments cover a wide range of processes and treatments. Their aim is to increase life and operating performances of engineering materials by giving surfaces specific mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. The task of determining which type of coating (material, thickness, and deposition process) is optimal is a complicated task. Optimizing a coating for a specific application requires bringing together knowledge from very different disciplines: physics, structural mechanic, surface chemistry, etc. This makes the development and selection of treatment a complex and costly task. It can only be undertaken with a recursive method, which includes experimental procedures and numerical calculations. The current work aims at developing a 3D thermo-mechanical model for functionally graded materials (FGM). Such materials are commonly used to protect surfaces from tribological damages. They may be either coating materials or interface regions between successive coatings with varying properties. The model is based on second order Finite Difference (FD) formulation of the thermal and elasticity equations in a non-homogeneous solid. It can handle any kind of depth dependence of the material properties. Multigrid techniques and local refinement strategies have been implemented to accelerate the convergence, reduce CPU time and thus permit the use of fine grids to accurately describe the variation in the material properties. Specific numerical techniques are used to guaranty an optimal convergence rate of the numerical technique even in the most severe cases. One application of this work is the analysis of the effect of different prospective coatings in polymer injection molding. The aim is to increase the mold life by protecting the surface and avoid the development of surface damages due to the process. An approximate model is developed for the thermal and mechanical conditions to which the coating is exposed in the different phases of the process. This study is completed with experimental methods that were used to characterize the coating properties. Finally, a simplified model is used to complete the results obtained using the time dependant analysis. It helps understanding the thermo-mechanical coupling and stress calculated in the prospective coatings to determine the most appropriate treatment for this application
Pierucci, Federico. "Optimisation non-lisse pour l'apprentissage statistique avec régularisation matricielle structurée". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM024/document.
Texto completo da fonteTraining machine learning methods boils down to solving optimization problems whose objective functions often decomposes into two parts: a) the empirical risk, built upon the loss function, whose shape is determined by the performance metric and the noise assumptions; b) the regularization penalty, built upon a norm, or a gauge function, whose structure is determined by the prior information available for the problem at hand.Common loss functions, such as the hinge loss for binary classification, or more advanced loss functions, such as the one arising in classification with reject option, are non-smooth. Sparse regularization penalties such as the (vector) l1- penalty, or the (matrix) nuclear-norm penalty, are also non-smooth. However, basic non-smooth optimization algorithms, such as subgradient optimization or bundle-type methods, do not leverage the composite structure of the objective. The goal of this thesis is to study doubly non-smooth learning problems (with non-smooth loss functions and non-smooth regularization penalties) and first- order optimization algorithms that leverage composite structure of non-smooth objectives.In the first chapter, we introduce new regularization penalties, called the group Schatten norms, to generalize the standard Schatten norms to block- structured matrices. We establish the main properties of the group Schatten norms using tools from convex analysis and linear algebra; we retrieve in particular some convex envelope properties. We discuss several potential applications of the group nuclear-norm, in collaborative filtering, database compression, multi-label image tagging.In the second chapter, we present a survey of smoothing techniques that allow us to use first-order optimization algorithms designed for composite objectives decomposing into a smooth part and a non-smooth part. We also show how smoothing can be used on the loss function corresponding to the top-k accuracy, used for ranking and multi-class classification problems. We outline some first-order algorithms that can be used in combination with the smoothing technique: i) conditional gradient algorithms; ii) proximal gradient algorithms; iii) incremental gradient algorithms.In the third chapter, we study further conditional gradient algorithms for solving doubly non-smooth optimization problems. We show that an adaptive smoothing combined with the standard conditional gradient algorithm gives birth to new conditional gradient algorithms having the expected theoretical convergence guarantees. We present promising experimental results in collaborative filtering for movie recommendation and image categorization
Drummond, Lewis Leroy Anthony. "Résolution de systèmes linéaires creux par des méthodes itératives par blocs dans des environnements distribués hétérogènes". Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT098H.
Texto completo da fonteHadjou, Tayeb. "Analyse numérique des méthodes de points intérieurs : simulations et applications". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES062.
Texto completo da fonteMartinroche, Guillaume. "Quantification et caractérisation des maladies auto-immunes et allergiques à l'aide de méthodes d'apprentissage profond". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0154.
Texto completo da fonteDiagnostic tools based on artificial intelligence (AI) and capable of integrating several types of data, will be crucial in the next coming years in helping practitioners provide more personalized, precision medicine for patients. Autoimmune and allergic diseases are perfect examples of complex, multi-parametric diagnostics that could benefit from such tools. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) on human epithelial cells (HEp-2) are important biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. For harmonization of biological practices and clinical management, automatic reading and classification of ANA immunofluorescence patterns for HEp-2 images according to the nomenclature recommended by the International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibody Patterns (ICAP) seems to be a growing requirement. In our study, an automatic classification system for Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) patterns of HEp-2 cells images was developed using a supervised learning methodology, based on a complete collection of HEp-2 cell images from Bordeaux University Hospital labelled accordingly to ICAP recommendations and local practices. The system consists of a classifier for nucleus patterns only (16 patterns and allowing recognition of up to two aspects per image) and a second classifier for cytoplasm aspects only. With this contribution to the automation of ANA in medical biology laboratories, it will enable reflex quantitative tests targeted on a few autoantibodies, ultimately facilitating efficient and accurate diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Allergen microarrays, enable the simultaneous detection of up to 300 specific IgE antibodies and are part of a bottom-up diagnostic approach in which, on the basis of the broadest possible analysis, we then seek to determine which allergen(s) is (are) likely to explain the patient's symptoms. However, the mass of data produced by this single analysis is beyond the analytical capacity of the average user and the large number of results obtained simultaneously can mask those that are truly clinically relevant. A database of 4271 patients (Société Française d'Allergologie) was created, including allergen microarrays data and twenty-five demographic and clinical data. This database allowed the development of the first models capable of predicting patients' allergic profiles thanks to an international data challenge. The best F1-scores were around 80%. A more comprehensive tool adapted to daily practice is currently under development. Based essentially on microarrays data and a very few clinical and demographic data, it will be able to provide clinicians with a probability of molecular allergy by protein family, thus limiting diagnostic delays and the need for oral provocation tests. Diagnostic tools using so-called AI technologies are helping to improve the efficiency of current techniques, leveraging locks for repetitive, low-value-added tasks. These tools are generally poorly perceived by practitioners, who feel that they are losing their expertise, and even that they are being replaced by algorithms. This impression is particularly strong in Medical Biology, where this improvement directly affects the function of the Medical Biologist. In an attempt to better understand this, we took a closer look at the relationship of trust, if there can be one, between the practitioner and the diagnostic tool. The concepts of reliability and veracity were discussed. Thanks to a survey of medical biologists working on the analysis of aspects of HEp-2 cells, a certain reticence can be highlighted, with reasons linked to performance scores and unfamiliarity with the systems. The deployment and commitment to similar strategies in the field of biological hematology shows real interest once performance has been established. The development of two diagnostic tools for autoimmune and allergic diseases is laying the foundations for improved results and lasting integration into a more personalized, precision medicine
Drullion, Frédérique. "Définition et étude de systèmes linéaires pour la simulation d'écoulements et l'optimisation de formes aérodynamiques par méthode de gradient". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12898.
Texto completo da fonteBoussandel, Sahbi. "Méthodes de résolution d'équations algébriques et d'évolution en dimension finie et infinie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ027S.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we solve algebraic and evolution equations in finite and infinite-dimensional sapces. In the first chapter, we use the Galerkin method to study existence and maximal regularity of solutions of a gradient abstract system with applications to non-linear diffusion equations and to non-degenerate quasilinear parabolic equations with nonlocal coefficients. In the second chapter, we Study local existence, uniqueness and maximal regularity of solutions of the curve shortening flow equation by using the local inverse theorem. Finally, in the third chapter, we solve an algebraic equation between two Banach spaces by using the continuous Newton’s method and we apply this result to solve a non-linear ordinary differential equation with periodic boundary conditions
Chizat, Lénaïc. "Transport optimal de mesures positives : modèles, méthodes numériques, applications". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED063/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis generalizes optimal transport beyond the classical "balanced" setting of probability distributions. We define unbalanced optimal transport models between nonnegative measures, based either on the notion of interpolation or the notion of coupling of measures. We show relationships between these approaches. One of the outcomes of this framework is a generalization of the p-Wasserstein metrics. Secondly, we build numerical methods to solve interpolation and coupling-based models. We study, in particular, a new family of scaling algorithms that generalize Sinkhorn's algorithm. The third part deals with applications. It contains a theoretical and numerical study of a Hele-Shaw type gradient flow in the space of nonnegative measures. It also adresses the case of measures taking values in the cone of positive semi-definite matrices, for which we introduce a model that achieves a balance between geometrical accuracy and algorithmic efficiency
Latard, Véronique. "Méthodes de visualisation par gradient d'indice en mécanique des milieux non homogènes : application à la diffusion acoustique et aux écoulements diphasiques". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/55376-1998-5.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGiraud, Luc. "Implantations parallèles de méthodes de sous-domaines synchrones et asynchrones pour résoudre des problèmes aux limites". Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT067H.
Texto completo da fonteZhao, Zhidong. "Optimisation d'antennes et de réseaux d'antennes planaires par gradient de forme et ensembles de niveaux (Level Sets)". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4097.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this thesis work is to find the optimal shape of planar antenna elements and arrays from imposed constraints (e.g. desired or imposed radiation patterns, gain or directivity) or to reconstruct the shape from experimental measurements. The optimization algorithm is based on the gradient-type method and an active contour reconstruction by means of the Level Set method. The forward problem is solved using an integral formulation of the EM problem with finite element discretization. The shape gradient is computed using two different methods: one is finite differential method based on nodal point mesh derivation with an infinitesimal modification of the triangular elements on the contour along the outward normal direction, another the topological shape gradient, which is computed based on a topological deformation on a contour. A narrow band level set method has been developed to evolve the contour of antennas and arrays using the deformation velocity computed from the shape gradient. Different configurations of antennas and antenna arrays are studied for investigating the performance of the optimization algorithm. Frequency hopping and multi-frequency techniques have been used for optimizing the shape within a frequency band. Shape optimization for planar antenna miniaturization has a large number of applications, particularly, for reflectarrays
Décamps, Jérôme. "Méthodes itératives par blocs pour la résolution de problèmes linéaires et non linéaires à structures partiellement séparables". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT092H.
Texto completo da fonteMuyl, Frédérique. "Méthodes d'optimisation hybrides appliquées à l'optimisation de formes en aérodynamique automobile". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066397.
Texto completo da fonteTouhami, Ahmed. "Utilisation des filtres de Tchebycheff et construction de préconditionneurs spectraux pour l'accélération des méthodes de Krylov". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7422/1/touhami.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteROLAND, Christophe. "Méthodes d'Accélération de Convergence en Analyse Numérique et en Statistique". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010238.
Texto completo da fonteValentin, Vincent. "Optimisation aérodynamique 3-D des aubages dans les turbomachines axiales multi-étages". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066360.
Texto completo da fonteTinzefte, Abdellatif. "Étude algorithmique et théorique de quelques méthodes de type Lanczos". Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4f702b59-cffe-4448-8753-7984d036aaba.
Texto completo da fonteVu, Do Huy Cuong. "Méthodes numériques pour les écoulements et le transport en milieu poreux". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112348/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis bears on the modelling of groundwater flow and transport in porous media; we perform numerical simulations by means of finite volume methods and prove convergence results. In Chapter 1, we first apply a semi-implicit standard finite volume method and then the generalized finite volume method SUSHI for the numerical simulation of density driven flows in porous media; we solve a nonlinear convection-diffusion parabolic equation for the concentration coupled with an elliptic equation for the pressure. We apply the standard finite volume method to compute the solutions of a problem involving a rotating interface between salt and fresh water and of Henry's problem. We then apply the SUSHI scheme to the same problems as well as to a three dimensional saltpool problem. We use adaptive meshes, based upon square volume elements in space dimension two and cubic volume elements in space dimension three. In Chapter 2, we apply the generalized finite volume method SUSHI to the discretization of Richards equation, an elliptic-parabolic equation modeling groundwater flow, where the diffusion term can be anisotropic and heterogeneous. This class of locally conservative methods can be applied to a wide range of unstructured possibly non-matching polyhedral meshes in arbitrary space dimension. As is needed for Richards equation, the time discretization is fully implicit. We obtain a convergence result based upon a priori estimates and the application of the Fréchet-Kolmogorov compactness theorem. We implement the scheme and present numerical tests. In Chapter 3, we study a gradient scheme for the Signorini problem. Gradient schemes are nonconforming methods written in discrete variational formulation which are based on independent approximations of the functions and the gradients. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the discrete solution as well as its convergence to the weak solution of the Signorini problem. Finally we introduce a numerical scheme based upon the SUSHI discretization and present numerical results. In Chapter 4, we apply a semi-implicit scheme in time together with a generalized finite volume method for the numerical solution of density driven flows in porous media; it comes to solve nonlinear convection-diffusion parabolic equations for the solute and temperature transport as well as for the pressure. We compute the solutions for a specific problem which describes the advance of a warm fresh water front coupled to heat transfer in a confined aquifer which is initially charged with cold salt water. We use adaptive meshes, based upon square volume elements in space dimension two
Vincent, Christian. "Méthodes de gradient conjugué préconditionné et techniques multigrilles pour la résolution du problème de stokes par éléments finis mixtes Q1-PO stabilisés : applications". Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11343.
Texto completo da fonteChantalat, Frédéric. "Méthodes level-set et de pénalisation pour l'optimisation et le contrôle d'écoulements". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13828/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with e?cient numerical solving of problems linked with shape optimization or ?ow control. The combination between penalization, that allows to impose boundary conditions while avoiding the use of body-?tted grids, and Level-Set methods, which enable a natural non-parametric representation of the geometries to be optimized, is implemented. In the ?rst part, a model inverse problem, and an application pertaining to optimal design in Stokes ?ows, are treated with an iterative algorithm. Special care is devoted to the solution of the PDE’s in the vicinity of the penalized regions. The discretization accuracy is increased. Various gradient preconditionings aiming at improving the convergence are also discussed. The second part is dedicated to direct numerical simulation of ?ows in the neighborhood of an actuator, in the context of active control by pulsed jets used on the Ahmed body. The local study emphasizes the in?uence of various parameters on the action quality, in particular the pulsation frequency, or the aspect of exit velocity pro?les. As a synthesis, shape optimization is performed on the actuator of chapter two, thanks to the previously introduced coupling between Level-Set and penalization. The framework is simpli?ed and topological constraints are imposed. The inverse problem we set intends to modify the MEMS inner geometry to retrieve a given jet pro?le on the exit section
Boussandel, Sahbi. "Méthodes de résolution d'équations algébriques et d'évolution en dimension finie et infinie". Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ027S/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we solve algebraic and evolution equations in finite and infinite-dimensional sapces. In the first chapter, we use the Galerkin method to study existence and maximal regularity of solutions of a gradient abstract system with applications to non-linear diffusion equations and to non-degenerate quasilinear parabolic equations with nonlocal coefficients. In the second chapter, we Study local existence, uniqueness and maximal regularity of solutions of the curve shortening flow equation by using the local inverse theorem. Finally, in the third chapter, we solve an algebraic equation between two Banach spaces by using the continuous Newton’s method and we apply this result to solve a non-linear ordinary differential equation with periodic boundary conditions
Bounaim, Aïcha. "Méthodes de décomposition de domaine : application à la résolution de problèmes de contrôle optimal". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004809.
Texto completo da fonteSchwob, Cyrille. "Approche non locale probabiliste pour l'analyse en fatigue des zones à gradient de contraintes". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30246.
Texto completo da fonteA fatigue criterion taking into account the stress gradient effect has been developed and integrated in a global probabilistic framework. The proposed criterion is a non local criterion averaging a classical criterion over a particular area. This area is defined by a mesoscopic criterion derived from Papadopoulos analysis. The predictions of the new criterion are compared to experimental results coming from a dedicated test campaign on an aluminium alloy. Results are found to be in good agreement with experiments for a wide variety of geometry and load, thus demonstrating the relative robustness of the fatigue model. The fatigue model is then integrated in a probabilistic framework, the results being again satisfactorily confronted to experimental results on the same alloy. In particular the statistical quality of the probabilized SN curves obtained from the whole model is similar to the experimental one
Roland, Christophe. "Méthodes d'accélération de convergence en analyse numérique et en statistique". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Roland.pdf.
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