Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Mesure du réseau"
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Llorens, Cédric. "Mesure de la sécurité "logique" d'un réseau d'un opérateur de télécommunications". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001492.
Texto completo da fonteAloui, Saifeddine. "Capture de mouvement par mesure de distances dans un réseau corporel hétérogène". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951381.
Texto completo da fonteCabrolier, Isabelle. "Un réseau culturel sur mesure : les fétablissements français en Espagne (1939-1964)". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10115.
Texto completo da fonteCharbonnieras, Christophe. "Mesure d’intégrité par l’exploitation des signaux de navigation par satellites". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0036/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) applications, integrity is managed at the reception side by detection,identification and exclusion of faulty pseudorange measurements. Usually based on the a posteriori Receiver AutonomousIntegrity Monitoring (RAIM) concept, integrity techniques provide high performances for civil aviation, with a navigationcontext defined by a clear-sky environment. WLSR RAIM is commonly used. Nevertheless, RAIM techniques are notcompatible with a terrestrial navigation in harsh environments. For instance, urban areas are characterized by a poorvisibility and the reception of many multipaths derived from the receiver closed-environment. RAIM does not consider allthe available data in the reception chain, which dramatically deteriorates the detection performances. Hence, it is necessaryto develop integrity process compatible with such a navigation context. This PhD work studies the contribution of GNSSa priori information, disused by conventional RAIM techniques. Two main parameters have been exploited : the receivedraw GNSS signal and the Directions Of Arrival (DOA) estimations.This first step was devoted to the development of an a priori method which evaluates the consistence of the estimatedPosition Velocity Time (PVT) vector of the receiver with respect to the raw GNSS signal. This method has been calledDirect-RAIM (D-RAIM) and has shown high detection sensitivity, allowing the user to anticipate navigation risks and todefine precisely the quality of the receiver closed-environment. However, the a priori aspect of this approach may lead tonavigation error missed detections if the signal model is getting flawed. In order to circumvent this limitation, a WLSRRAIM – D-RAIM coupling has been developed, called Hybrid-RAIM (H-RAIM). Such an approach merges the robustnessand the sensitivity brought by both techniques.The second research step has brought to light the contribution of the DOA information in an autonomous integritymonitoring. Using an antenna array, the user can get the DOA estimations for all satellites in view. Theoretically, the DOAjoint evolution is directly correlated with the array rotation angles. Hence, any mismatch on the DOA estimations withrespect to the global constellation can be detected. RANdom Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm has been used inorder to detect any faulty DOA evolution, derived from inconsistencies in reception linked to potential navigation risks :RANSAC measures the trust that the user can place in each channel. Therefore, a WLSR RAIM RANSAC algorithmhas been developed. The integration of the DOA component adds a degree of freedom in receiver autonomous integritymonitoring, refining the error detection and exclusion.Last but not least, a software receiver has been implemented processing Galileo data, from the signal generation to positioningand integrity monitoring. This software has been evaluated by simulated data characterizing urban environments
Ait, Ali Ahmed. "Amélioration de la mesure de la Bande Passante dans un réseau basé sur IP". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203075.
Texto completo da fonteAït, Ali Ahmed. "Amélioration de la mesure de la bande passante dans un réseau basé sur IP". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10088/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis work is focused on the end-to-end available bandwidth measurement that has attracted extensive attentions this last decade. This parameter is useful for several network applications, however, its measurement with good accuracy still stays a challenge to take up. To improve the performance of the available bandwidth measurement techniques, we developed a new deterministic model of packet pair delays that takes into account the probing packet size parameter; and implemented it in a new measurement tool called IGMPS. Through measurements on several network testbed configurations, we evaluated IGMPS and found that it provides available bandwidth measurements with high accuracy. Using sensitivity and uncertainty analysis to study the proposed model, we investigated the sources of observed errors on the measurement tools. We found that these errors are likely to be inherent in delay measurement. Indeed, the timestamping operations at the sender end the receiver are mainly at the origin of the inaccuracy of the estimates provided by the available bandwidth measurement tools
Croes, Didier. "Recherches de chemins dans le réseau métabolique et mesure de la distance métabolique entre enzymes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210842.
Texto completo da fonteGogunska, Karyna. "Étude du coût de mesure des réseaux virtualisés". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4077.
Texto completo da fonteThe current trend in application development and deployment is to package applications within containers or virtual machines. This results in a blend of virtual and physical resources with complex network setups mixing virtual and physical switches along with specific protocols to build virtual networks spanning over several servers. While this complexity is hidden by cloud management solutions, this new environment constitutes a challenge when it comes to monitor and debug performance related issues. In this thesis, we consider the problem of measuring traffic in a virtualized environment and focus on one typical scenario, virtual machines interconnected with a virtual switch. We assess the cost of continuously measuring the network traffic of the machines. Specifically, we seek to estimate the competition that exists to access the resources (e.g., CPU) of the physical substrate between the measurement task and the application. We confirm the negative correlation of measurement within such setup and propose actions towards its minimization. Concluding on the measurement interference with virtual network, we then turn our work towards minimizing its presence in the network. We assess the capability of machine learning techniques to predict the measurement impact on the ongoing traffic between virtual machines. We propose a data-driven solution that is able to provide optimal monitoring parameters for virtual network measurements with minimum traffic interference
Boilard, Tommy. "Développement de capteurs distribués à base de réseaux de Bragg pour la mesure de contrainte directionnelle". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69043.
Texto completo da fonteFiber Bragg gratings distributed sensors in multicore fibers are gaining popularity for remote sensing of physical parameters. By measuring the information from each of its cores, its shape can be reconstructed which has numerous novel applications in robotic and the medical field. As part of the Sentinel North program, the principal goal of my research project was to develop such distributed sensors to monitor the impacts of permafrost degradation in Northern Quebec. Two applications were targeted : 1) the measurement of groundwater flow and its direction which play a major role in heat transfer and need to be considered in numerical modelling of permafrost dynamics and 2) the monitoring of thaw settlement of degrading ice rich permafrost using buried optical fiber with distributed fiber Bragg gratings. A theoretical model of the sensitivity of these sensors to measure groundwater flow was developed and led to the conclusion that the groundwater flow is too small to be detected with a multicore fiber. For the second application, a novel multicore fiber was developed where 3 optical fibers are assembled inside a microstructured polycarbonate preform by drawing it on a draw tower. The characterization of the resulting hybrid glass-polymer multicore fiber showed a sensitivity 7 times higher than standard multicore fibers. These findings were published in the journal Optics Express. In this research project, at the same time, a flexible method to write distributed arrays of fiber Bragg gratings with a single uniform phase mask was developed. A 70 nm accordability, which is more than 15 times higher than anything previously reported, was achieved with this method.
Bulhak, Jacek. "Interférométrie différentielle sur réseau : nouvelle méthode optique de mesure de déformations avec une grande résolution spatiale". Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4002.
Texto completo da fonteThis document deals with the development of grating shearography, a full-field optical method of strain measurement, with good spatial resolution, to be used in experimental mechanics. Most optical full-field methods provide displacement rather than strain data, so a numerical differenciation is necessary to obtain strain fields. . . [etc. ]
Baillard, Xavier. "Horloge à réseau optique à atomes de Strontium". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267252.
Texto completo da fonteGuyard, Romain. "Capteur à fibre optique pour la mesure de déformation au sein des matériaux". Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6e451d89-fed7-4980-a018-fbdae1b0090c.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is the design of a new fiber optic sensor for the strain measurement inside materials. Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are usually glued on the surface of the monitored structure. Their use like embedded strain sensor may be unadapted. Indeed, in these circumstances, a mechanical coupling between the sensor and the host material changes the transverse strain of the fiber. The transverse strain becomes unknown. Consequently, the only measurement of the Bragg wavelength shift is not enough to estimate both axial and transverse strains. In order to decorrelate these strains, we propose a sensor architecture based on the juxtaposition of a Bragg grating (FBG) and of a long period grating (LPG). The thesis work consist in finding the optimal architecture so that the sensor response to strain is linear and the measurement resolution is identical to the resolution of usual fiber optic sensors. During the sensor design, some usual results on LPG have been studied again. Some original optical properties of cladding modes have been revealed. It has been shown that the shape of these modes changes significantly with the cladding radius of the fiber and that there are critical cladding radii for which some modes have the same transverse intensity distribution. A statistical study has been carried out on the strain sensitivities of LPG. General behaviors of LPG strain sensors have been highlighted. Especially, the crosssensitivities can be neglected and the sensitivities are mainly influenced by the period of grating and the cladding radius of the fiber. When the sensor is embedded inside the material, it may be bent. The bending effects on the gratings responses have been studied using the finite element as well as the semi analytical methods. It has been shown that the bending sensitivity of FBG depends on a balance mechanism between the effective refractive index change and the coupling coefficient change of the coupled modes and that the average index variation of the grating plays a key role in the amplitude and the sign of this sensitivity. A similar mechanism has been highlighted for LPG
Salah, Brahim Abdelhamid. "Diffusion d'information et structure en communautés dans un réseau de blogs". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066579.
Texto completo da fonteMaston, Nicolas. "Présentation du programme d'éducation à l'Automesure tensionnelle (PEA) en Guadeloupe coordonné par le réseau HTA-GWAD". Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0254.
Texto completo da fonteHTA in Guadeloupe has for main characteristic ils very strong prevalencia, particularly in the precarious social classes. Its association in the other cardiovascular risk factors makes of it a major problem of public health. The care network HTA-GWAD set up at the end of 2008, an innovative program: the Program of Education in the Automeasure ( PEA), te facilitate the development of the practice of the AMT in Guadeloupe, by implying the professionals of health, but also the social orders. The decentralized character is the big originality. Indeed, the last recommendations of the HAS establish the interest of the AMT in the diagnosis, in the follow-up of the patients and in the education in the risk factors by involving the patient in his care. The sale of devices of AMT having increased lately in a important way in Guadeloupe, the education in the HTA and in the care of the cardio-vasulaires risk factors through the education in the AMT seems particularly suited to the Guadelupian context. When the patient buys an autotensiometer, the pharmacist, his doctor or his IDE gives him an invitation card so that it benefits from an education in the AMT by the network HTA-GWAD. As soon as the patient seeks the network, an IDE approved and formed by the networ close to his place of residence is contacted to distribute him two free educational sessions in a week of interval. A letter of informative synthesis is then sent a letter of informative synthesis is then sent to the regular doctor without intervention in its therapeutic project. The evaluation of its efficiency will condition the expansion of this original concept
Vyt, Dany. "Mesure de la performance d'un réseau de points de vente : une approche géomarketing par la méthode DEA". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1G006.
Texto completo da fonteHuang, Wan-Ying. "Identification rapide des paramètres d'un défaut monophasé dans un réseau compensé de distribution sans mesure de tension". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112080.
Texto completo da fonteRemote single line to ground fault location in distribution networks, an exercise still remaining to be solved in overhead line systems, becomes much more embarrassing in cables. However, the cable systems demand more rapidity, efficiency and more reliability of protections, because of high transients and strong capacitive currents without voltage measurement. The general idea of this work is that some solutions can be obtained from analysis of the transient currents. The useful information for rapid detection of the faulty feeder can be found in the propagation regime and on the first lobe of residual currents. The transient regime provides also the data allowing the fault location by curve matching. When developing methods to extract the information by deterministic procedures, our intention was to reinforce the reliability of laws already exploited (the polarity law and the rule of phase leading) and to make the equivalent circuits more efficient in identifying the faulty system's parameters
Fofana, Seydouba. "Conception et mesure d'un réseau d'antennes reconfigurable sur la bande 3,4 - 3,8 GHz : contribution à la réduction de la consommation énergétique". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S031.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is dedicated to the design, manufacturing and characterization of a reconfigurable antenna array in the 3.4-3.8 GHz band. The active array is composed of 16 dual polarized dipoles that are able to radiate a beam steerable from ± 45° in a plane. Thanks to an arbitrary waveform generator, two beams can be radiated in two directions at two different frequencies simultaneously and can be reconfigured at will. This array can be seen as a candidate for future terrestrial communication systems. Two mobile network operators could then share the same antenna array. The steps of the array design are detailed showing the progression from the single antenna, to the passive array, the reconfigurable array by cluster to finish with the fully reconfigurable array. The array design has been driven by the reduction of the energy consumption. For that purpose, array synthesis tools have been developed to leverage at best the consumption characteristics of amplifiers. A number of measurement results validate experimentally the array radiation performances at each step of the design. Moreover, they demonstrate the achieved reduction of energy consumption and thus validate experimentally the practical interest of the developed synthesis tools
Daffé, Khadim. "Caractérisation hyperfréquence sous pointes de nano-dispositifs : métrologie et instrumentation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I080/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the frame of the spectacular development of nano-objects, innovative on-wafer electrical measurement methods must be addressed at the nanoscale. In particular, two main issues have been identified. On one hand, nano-devices exhibit very high dynamic impedance in contrast with conventional measuring microwave instruments. On the other hand, there is an inherent size discontinuity between nano-objects and conventional measurement systems. Given the scientific challenge and a relatively limited state of the art, several avenues of investigation have been explored. First, as part of a European project bringing together metrology laboratories, and the joint laboratory IEMN-STMicroelectronics®, the traceability of nano-devices high impedance measurements is established. In a second step, the development of an electrical on-wafer measuring platform for nano-devices is described. This includes the development of new generations of GSG (Ground-Signal-Ground) miniaturized probes in MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) technology with reduced access pads. The probes are mounted on a robotic nano-positioning platform integrated in a scanning electron microscope
Zemzemi, Chadi. "Élastographie par retournement temporel : mesure des propriétés mécaniques des tissus biologiques par réseau de sources d’onde de cisaillement". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1217/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is in line with shear-wave elastography research. After, a bibliographic review, an experimental study shows that the resolution on ultrasound elastography is of the same order of magnitude of the echography resolution and its limit exceeds the shear-wavelength. The original aspect of this work is the use of a phased array of mechanical sources to generate and control shear waves. A time reversal mirror of six shakers is set up. This device shows a space-time control of shear-wave field in gelatin-graphite phantom. Compared to the use of a single source, this phased array of shear-wave improves by 10dB the signal to noise ratio. Using this method on human skull model shows the possibility to deliver and control shear waves in brain using bone conduction. Finally, the application of this method on shear-wave elastography of abdominal layers is shown by a study on synthetic model and in vivo on a healthy volunteer
Cyr, Stéphan. "Les liens interétablissements une mesure de la vitalité du réseau en oncologie et en soins palliatifs de l'Estrie". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5477.
Texto completo da fonteBugnazet, Thomas. "Métrologie dans les réseaux IP : performance du DNS et ENUM". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066451.
Texto completo da fonteThe new IETF protocol called ENUM enables the linkage in a DNS tree between a phone number in the E164 scheme and a set of data, hence facilitating the RTC-VOIP convergence but requiring unusual performance from the DNS In order to study the performance of ENUM, a DNS simulator, in which all the limiting factors are mastered, was developed. This simulator is validated by comparing its outputs with real measurements in a test bed. In this simulator the loss rate and delays on IP links are modelled by hidden Markov models. These new models and their parameters result from active measurements (traces are treated with a post-synchronization algorithm). The local DNS server response time as well as its loss rate were also measured and modelled thanks to a new measurement methodology and its tools. Besides, for the traditional DNS, the DNS traffic around the INT cache server was sniffed (passive measurement), anonymized and then analysed
Picard, Dominique. "Mesure rapide de champs proches par la méthode de diffusion modulée". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112220.
Texto completo da fonteAznay, Ouahid. "Caractérisation des propriétés optiques des aérosols à l'aide du réseau AERONET : application aux corrections atmosphériques du capteur MERIS". Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0210.
Texto completo da fonteThe remotely sense of aerosols, both above lands and oceans, requires the use of aerosols models which allow the interpretation of the optical properties of the signal collected by the satellite. These models are generally defined by their micro-physical properties. In this thesis work, at first, we have assessed the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of these aerosols models through the use of in situ measurements (provided by AERONET) under the atmospheric corrections of the MERIS sensor. One of the conclusions of this assessment is the underestimation of the path radiance gathered at the top of the atmosphere at 865 nm directly attributable to the use of these aerosols models. This has a direct impact on the MERIS aerosols product through the overestimation of the aerosol optical thickness at 865 nm. As a result of failure, we introduced a new aerosol climatology based on the IOPs. The latter are derived from in situ measurements by using an inversion process developed at LISE laboratory. The various steps related to the creation of this new climatology and the inversion process are presented. As this new climatology will be introduced in the Look Up Tables of the MERIS instrument, we evaluated the impact of this new set aerosols models on the latter and on the MERIS aerosol products both above lands and oceans
Dib, Mohammad. "Réseau d'antennes dérivées de la ligne à fente pour la mesure du champ diffracté en imagerie biologique micro-onde". Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0097.
Texto completo da fonteWilsch, Benjamin. "Dispositif de magnétomètres pour la mesure de courant en exploitant les harmoniques d’espace : application aux réseaux électriques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT028/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe evolution of electrical grids from conventional unidirectional power transmission to diverse networks with a large variety of electricity consumers and producers requires the development of advanced and/or novel measurement and communication technologies, in order to create smart grids. As a part of the SOGRID project, an innovative current measurement method was developed to supplement the existing range of current sensors and to facilitate the installation, since the sensor is not only non-intrusive but can also be located at a distance from the cable.The primary obstacle for precise current measurement in power grids is the three-phase nature of power transmission. A current sensor that is to be employed in the electrical grid must therefore provide geometrical selectivity between the individual phases. Existing commercial current sensors are non-intrusive but require placement around the conductor of interest, e.g. to measure the field along a closed path. Solutions include Rogowski coils, magnetoresistors, Hall effect or fluxgate sensors as well as magneto-optical solutions. However, a placement around the conductor limits the miniaturization required by smart grid development: miniature sensors can be integrated with other measurement and data transmission units, thus enabling the densely meshed monitoring and control of modern smart grids. In order to avoid these restrictions and to improve geometrical selectivity, a current measurement method based on the decomposition of the field into spatial harmonics has been developed in this thesis. The measurement principle allows for the fabrication of innovative current sensors that can be installed besides the conductor.The decomposition of the magnetic field into spatial harmonics is based on the development of the magnetic field within a defined area/volume in a series of products of periodic functions, a radial dependence and corresponding development coefficients, so that the sum of the (in theory infinite number of) development orders reconstructs the field accurately. If this development is performed for a source-free region besides the source of the field, it is defined as an internal decomposition, which uses functions that increase from the center of decomposition toward the field source. The current measurement process is based on the determination of the development coefficients for the various orders, wherein higher orders exhibit a reduced dependence on perturbing sources (as long as the field measurements are performed closer to the conductor of interest than to the perturbing conductor). The relation between these coefficients and the current of interest is linear and defined by transfer factors.In order to exploit the increased geometrical selectivity of higher orders, it is necessary to perform a sufficient number of magnetic field measurements on the boundary of a suitable area/volume in order to derive the development coefficients from the solution of an inverse problem. The size and positioning of this sensor array also plays a vital role in the detectability of higher order contributions to the field. Suitable 2D (for straight conductors) and 3D (for arbitrary conductor paths) prototypes were designed, implemented and subsequently tested in the laboratory during this thesis.Further developments focus on determining the characteristic transfer factors. While these can be easily determined if a known controlled current is induced in the conductor, a method that allows for their determination under real operating conditions must be developed for industrial applications. A suitable calibration method is presented in this thesis
Boite, Julien. "Acheminement différencié et auto-adaptatif des flux réseau pour la qualité de livraison des serivces". Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0032.
Texto completo da fonteCommunication networks allow accessing a wide and diversified range of services that took a prominent place in our activities. The solicitation of a service generates a set of flows. The network is responsible for routing and forwarding them. Some flows are subject to particular criticality or quality constraints that must be met to ensure that services are delivered in accordance with users’ growing expectations. The network infrastructure combines the various means to reach the elements involved in the delivery of services. The unification of these means is a wealth which we should take profit of better than we do now. In this thesis, we investigate how to make the network able to exploit all these resources in a timely manner by automatically forwarding flows according to their constraints and network status. It requires to monitor the performance offered by different paths to state on their ability to deal with the respective needs of flows. Then, the network must be configured dynamically to set up this differentiated and flexible forwarding of flows. We propose mechanisms for performing measurements and dynamic forwarding to integrate adaptive flow processing functionalities within the network. We instantiate these mechanisms to deal with an adaptive gateway selection in heterogeneous wireless mesh networks. We also investigate the instability problem that can occur with adaptive routing in a large overlay network. We assess the extent of this problem and propose a mechanism that reduces this instability
Dujardin, Bernard. "Réflectométrie par réseau "six-ports" et antenne monopole : application à la mesure de la permittivité des tissus vivants en microondes". Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10122.
Texto completo da fonteNamin, Catherine. "Mesure des effets de réseau sur la contribution individuelle des représentants du personnel à l'intelligence économique du comité d'entreprise européen". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010083.
Texto completo da fonteDruine, Flavie. "Flux sédimentaire en estuaire de Seine : quantification et variabilité multi-échelle sur la base de mesure de turbidité (réseau SYNAPSES)". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR041/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in macrotidal estuaries is highly variable both spatially (from the fluvial compartment to the estuary mouth) and temporally (from the second to several years), but it is essential to understand and quantify the sedimentary dynamics of estuarine environments. With the development of high-frequency measurement networks around the world, the main objective of this study is to qualify the turbidity measurements acquired by a high-frequency measurement network (SYNAPSES network) located on the Seine estuary (i) in terms of monitoring the SPM dynamics from the fluvial compartment to the turbidity maximal zone (TMZ) and (ii) in terms of estimation of the SPM fluxes on different spatio-temporal scales of the Seine estuary. Data acquired from the SYNAPSES network and complementary in situ campaigns (81 days of 12 h - OBS-3+/YSI/LISST 100X-C / ADCP 600 kHz) on four stations from the fluvial estuary of the Seine Estuary to the turbidity maximal zone, are an extremely rich and unique dataset on estuarine environments. The variability in the relationship between turbidity measurements [NTU] and SPM concentration measurements [g.L-1] on each campaign, reveals the effect of (i) the internal sensor technology and (ii) the variability of the particle inherent optical properties (median diameter D50, dry density rho and scattering efficiency Qc) on the sensitivity of different optical sensors. The analysis of the in situ and the SYNAPSES data allowed to calibrate the turbidity measurements in mass concentration, with a validated relationship on the annual cycle, specific to each of the stations and reduced uncertainties. After a study of the SYNAPSES station representativeness across the section, the instantaneous fluxes of SPM are estimated (i) from the SPM concentration and liquid flow data acquired by the ADCP on the global section and (ii) from the SPM concentrations of the SYNAPSES network coupled to the hydrodynamic model MARS-3D (estimation of the liquid flow). Comparisons of SPM fluxes in situ to those estimated by the combination SYNAPSES/MARS-3D allow to propose a specific coefficient for each of the SYNAPSES network stations, xith the aim of adjusting the SPM instantaneous fluxes estimated from the SYNAPSES network to the in situ reality, with reasonable uncertainties. the tools and approaches developed in the PhD thesis on the Seine estuary can be applied to other macrotidal estuaries to estimate sedimentary fluxes
Narbonneau, François. "Dissémination ultra-stable d'étalons de fréquence par fibre optique du réseau télécom métropolitain". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1E004.
Texto completo da fonteMokhtari, Cerine. "Développement d’une station de mesure hyperfréquence sous pointes nano-robotisée et automatisée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN053.
Texto completo da fonteIn the general context of the European nanoelectronics industry, it is necessary to develop new on-wafer characterisation techniques and instruments for precise and fine validation of circuits designed for high-frequency (HF) applications. To advance the miniaturisation of HF devices, new metrological issues related to dimensional and electrical characterization must be addressed. A universal instrument for the characterization of RF devices consists of a vector network analyzer (VNA), a measurement station equipped with a pair of ground-signal-ground (GSG) microwave probes aligned manually or automatically using a microscope or a camera system on calibration substrates and devices under test (DUT). Conventional RF test structures require to adapt to the probe tip geometry. The positioning of the probe on the CPW test structure generates misalignment measurement errors that affect the reproducibility of the measurement. In addition, nanodevices have extreme impedances compared to the VNA's reference impedance of 50 Ω, resulting in poor measurement sensitivity and accuracy.To meet this challenge, a new fully automated and robotic on-wafer probing station was designed and built from scratch. The measurement probes as well as the chuck hosting the device under test are mounted on SmarAct® piezoelectric nanopositioners. The vision of the probe-to-DUT contact is provided by a high-resolution microscope camera. A Keysight® Streamline vector network analyzer was integrated into the station to obtain a compact solution close to the probes and thus reduce the non-systematic errors inherent in environmental variations. Finally, a program for driving the probes and chuck based on image recognition was developed with the LabVIEWTM software
Belgnaoui, Youssef. "Analyse théorique d'un réseau de capteurs polarimétriques à fibres optiques biréfrigentes multiplexés en cohérence et applications à la mesure d'une position angulaire et à la mesure simultanée de pression et de température". Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10540.
Texto completo da fonteBecker, Freddy. "Définition d'un réseau de référence métrologique pour le positionnement d'un grand accélérateur linéaire". Phd thesis, INSA de Strasbourg, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281959.
Texto completo da fonteCette thèse se situe dans le prolongement de travaux entrepris depuis 10 ans. Ceux-ci avaient notamment permis de sélectionner un certain nombre de capteurs métrologiques susceptibles de répondre aux besoins du CLIC. Or la plupart de ces capteurs effectuent leurs mesures par rapport à des références géométriques sensibles à la gravité. Le niveau élevé de précision requis nous a donc conduit à consacrer une partie importante de ce travail à l'effet des perturbations de la gravité sur l'utilisation de ces capteurs. Cela a permis de mettre en évidence les effets qui devront être pris en compte et de dégager les interrogations qui subsistent encore sur l'utilisation des niveaux hydrostatiques.
Cette recherche avait également pour but d'établir une proposition de configuration du système d'alignement, basée sur l'utilisation des capteurs sélectionnés. Il s'agissait donc d'effectuer des simulations des précisions obtenues avec les différentes configurations possibles. L'outil de calcul disponible étant inadapté, un effort majeur a été consacré au développement d'un nouveau logiciel. Les méthodologies orientées-objet se sont avérées être très bénéfiques dans ce contexte et ont permis la mise au point d'un outil évolutif adapté à des projets de recherche. Les simulations effectuées ont permis de définir une configuration optimale du réseau.
Enfin, en raison des problèmes peut-être insolubles que pose l'utilisation des capteurs hydrostatiques, nous avons mené une réflexion qui nous a permis d'ébaucher assez précisément une solution alternative basée sur l'utilisation d'un long faisceau laser.
Lacour, Céline. "Apport de la mesure en continu pour la gestion de la qualité des effluents de temps de pluie en réseau d'assainissement". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555629.
Texto completo da fonteChane-Kee-Sheung, Harry. "Etude d'un réseau de fentes longitudinales en guides d'ondes rectangulaires en modes de diffraction et de rayonnement : détermination de sa surface équivalente radar". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30116.
Texto completo da fonteBennani, Fayçal. "IP et la QoS : vers une maîtrise dynamique de bout en bout". Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSTA002.
Texto completo da fonteBinet, Guillaume. "Mieux prédire la dégradation du chlore en réseau de distribution : cas d'étude : la ville de Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27435/27435.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteVansimaeys, Camille. "Mesure écologique et analyse en réseau des liens entre dépression, anxiété, coping et qualité de vie après un accident vasculaire cérébral mineur". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB218/document.
Texto completo da fonteAbout 150 000 individuals are hospitalized after a stroke every year in France. Half of stroke survivors are expected to have complete neurological recovery and thus they will not suffer from any motor or cognitive impairment. Those cases are called minor strokes. Patients with minor stroke frequently experience an early hospital discharge and fitful neurological follow-ups. To date, we have few information regarding minor stroke's effect on the evolution of those patients' quality of life. Even though scientific literature is still insufficient, recent studies showed that anxiety and depression symptoms frequently occur after a minor stroke despite there being no functional impairment. Anxiety and depressive symptoms could impact patients' quality of life. Two main concerns of public health emerge from this hypothesis: screening and caring the determinants of the deterioration of minor stroke patients' quality of life. The present dissertation aims to study the evolution of quality of life after a minor stroke and to explore the role of anxiety and depression symptoms and the role of coping strategies. For this purpose, we have measured the quality of life of 68 patients at three times after the stroke: during initial hospitalization, after discharge and at four-month. We also assessed their anxiety and depression symptoms and coping strategies by combining two methods: standard ponctual assessment using classical scales and questionnaires on the one hand; and ecological momentary assessment using a smartphone application, on the other hand. Our results show a deterioration of the quality of life in numerous participants during the study. On the one hand, this deterioration is associated with the appearance of anxiety and depression symptoms after stroke. Network analysis suggests that somatic disturbance precedes the occurrence of psychological symptoms. Those results highlight the importance of paying attention and caring somatic symptoms despite the pronostic of neurophysiological recovery. On the other hand, our results suggest that coping could influence the evolution of quality of life after a minor stroke. Further studies are needed to confirm those results. Indeed, we have to understand the specificities of stress situations that individuals are facing after a minor stroke. According to this information, efficient coping could represent concrete therapeutic objectives which will be helpful to specify practice guidelines. Our work also contributes to a theoretical and methodological reflexion of psychopathology and health psychology science. On the theoretical hand, our study emphasizes the benefits of the network approach to psychopathology in somatic diseases. On the methodological hand, our study argues for the use of ecological momentary assessment methods in regard of the promising perspectives they could bring in psychological science
Cicalese, Danilo. "Anycast de nos jours". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0025.
Texto completo da fonteThe work of this thesis originates from the investigative curiosity of discovering IP anycast. Once relegated to root and top-level Domain Name System (DNS) servers, anycast is now commonly used by Content Delivery Networks (CDN) and other key Internet players. In this thesis, we aim to raise awareness about IP anycast by building a comprehensive picture of it. First, we focus on the identification of a protocol-agnostic and lightweight technique used for the discovery and geolocation of anycast replicas. Other measurement techniques exist. However, they exploit specifics of the DNS protocol, which limits their applicability to this particular service. We also provide the community with open-source software and datasets. This methodology enables the next step of our research: unveiling all the companies that currently use anycast. We carry on multiple IPv4 anycast censuses from a distributed platform. These censuses find that many major Internet companies utilize anycast. In addition to identifying the companies, updated information on anycast IPs and their geolocation can serve for many other purposes. Hence, the decision was made to put a system in place, which is capable of performing monthly IPv4 censuses and analyzing the results of one-year measurements. Finally to complete the picture, we investigate the users and services that anycast CDNs are serving at large on the Internet. We perform a passive characterization focusing on the services they offer, their penetration, etc. Our findings reveal that more than 50\% of web users access content served by anycast CDNs. A broad range of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) services are offered over anycast
Andee, Yogadissen. "Advanced techniques for noise figure and noise parameters measurements of differential amplifiers". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10133/document.
Texto completo da fonteDifferential circuits have major advantages over single-ended circuits regarding immunity to common-mode noise, double voltage swing and reduction of even-order distortion. Their wide proliferation creates a need for the development of functional techniques for differential noise figure measurement. Chapter 1 shows that the noise figure of a 4-port circuit depends on the correlation of the noise waves at the output ports. However, no standard equipment is capable of measuring directly this correlation. Chapter 2 proposes an original technique for measuring the correlation of output noise waves. It makes use of a hybrid coupler connected to the differential DUT. The correlation is determined by using two configurations of connection between the DUT and the coupler. A rigorous and general technique for the noise figure measurement of differential amplifiers is developed from this approach. Chapter 3 proposes an original approach where no extra coupler is required. A study of the structure of a differential amplifier is performed where an expression of the correlation is calculated in terms of output noise powers and of the 4-port S-parameters. A fast and functional measurement technique using this method is developed on a 4-port network analyzer. This coupler-free approach is extended to the measurement of the noise parameters of differential amplifiers. The noise parameters are determined from differential source-pull measurements using a differential impedance tuner. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first coupler-free technique developed for measuring differential noise parameters
Hamachi, Mourad. "Mesure dynamique de l'épaisseur du dépôt à l'aide d'un capteur optique et modélisation par réseau de neurones de la microfiltration tangentielle de suspensions". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT035G.
Texto completo da fonteCidreira, Keserle Gilberto. "Exposition environnementale des structures en conditions hivernales sur un réseau routier". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66591.
Texto completo da fonteModeling the impact of the various rehabilitation methods, as a function of the initiation time of the damage, is the major challenge in the field of structural durability. The durability of a structure is directly linked to the exposure conditions influenced by the climate and the environment where the structure is located. Depending on the degree of exposure, the rate of degradation of structures can then accelerate or be slow. This work develops an in-depth study on the exposure of structures in winter conditions, which includes the use of de-icing salts. A survey was carried out to find out the amount of salt used in Quebec and Canada. In addition, the three most used types of de-icing salt were evaluated to determine its speed of progression in concrete under severe winter conditions. A mobile weather station MexStUL, designed with several sensors of temporal measures, has been developed to monitor exposure conditions in two different experimental sites on severe winter conditions during 2018/19. It was then possible to predict the climatic (temperature, humidity, speed and wind direction, sunshine and precipitation) and environmental factors (traffic, road condition, salt concentration on road, splashes and salt laden mist) relating to the conditions of exposure of the structures. Models were proposed to predict exposure condition using a meteorological station and evaluation of spatial influence of de-icing salt on different types of exposure as well. A new sensor has been developed, measuring the concentration of salt laden mist under severe winter conditions. Results demonstrate an important spatial variability on stagnant water. A model about spatial influence of brine splashes is proposed to delimit this type of exposure. Airborne concentration during winter climate shows an important evolution and a concentration model is proposed and the volume of salt laden mist is also determined during winter.
Benaouda, Djamel. "Modélisation et simulation d'un réseau de neurones formels : implantation sur machine parallèle "hypercube FPS T-40". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340978.
Texto completo da fonteBarrau, Florian. "Etude d'une solution de localisation dans un réseau de capteurs sans fils". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4767.
Texto completo da fonteTracking sensors in a wireless network leads to many applications. However, current techniques based on the received signal strength are unreliable given the stability of measurements. More accurate techniques inspired from radars have been proposed but they require an expensive radio. However, one of the most difficult aspects regarding the localization in a wireless sensor network remains their inadequacy with their low-cost and low-power characteristics. For example, clock generation of ZigBee modems introduce strong uncertainties regarding the reliability of measurements. Demanding digital algorithms must be carefully studied and improved in order not to exceed requirements defined by industrials. In other words, the purpose is to design an implementation as cheap as possible while keeping a minimum accuracy. The work of this thesis focuses on two main objectives: the development of a digital circuit capable of calculating time of arrivals, and the development of prototypes for a future positioning feature. The main constraint is the use of a single channel from the ZigBee 802.15.4 standard. This work enabled to understand issues regarding the distance measurements and adapt them given wireless sensor network constraints
Moulessehoul-Ounnas, Malika. "Conception et mise en oeuvre de l'interface d'acquisition et de transmission d'un réseau de capteurs sans fil : application à la mesure de signaux électrophysiologiques". Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4043.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis work is a theoretical and experimental study of a universal applicationtransmission system. A wireless sensor or multi-sensor system dedicated to different low-magnitudeapplications. It is inspired from wireless networks platforms of the moderntechnological world.In this dissertation, the different reasons for the interest aroused by such a system, arepresented, we will more deeply study one of the applications of this system, namely theneurophysiological area. From the choice of the architecture and corresponding experimentalsimulations we will explain, step by step, the different phases which led us to realize theprototypes taking into account the results of each phase, then finally a comparative studyof different prototypes realized and the prospects envisaged
Cavallera, Didier. "Contribution au renvoi de tension et à la reconstitution du réseau. Identification des paramètres d'un réseau. Estimation des flux rémanents dans un transformateur". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732191.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Barbu Thibault. "Spectrométrie infrarouge atmosphérique : Applications à la mesure in situ par diodes laser de H2O, CO2 et leurs isotopes dans la basse atmosphère de mars (TDLAS) et à la mesure du CO2 terrestre par le spectromètre à réseau SOIR". Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000346.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis work presents infrared spectrometry and the tests and developments made for two instruments of atmospheric usage. The first part shows a chronology of the Martian space exploration, on the point of view of the search for water, and the characteristics of the planet. It is followed by a description of the developments made for a tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDLAS) suited for the in situ monitoring of the Martian atmosphere, in particular, water fluxes. Water is essential to life as we know it on earth and it is important to understand its cycle on all aspects, in particular the surface atmosphere coupling. The second part deals with the spectroscopic studies carried in the laboratory with the laser diodes emitting at 1877nm, 2042nm and 2640nm which can be used by TDLAS. The spectroscopic parameters of the molecules of interests at those wavelengths were measured and will be used for the processing of the in-situ spectra. The third part concerns a grating spectrometer with acousto-optic filter (AOTF) which can be used for the measurement of carbon dioxide in the earth atmosphere by solar occultation. CO2 is one of the major greenhouse gases. A good knowledge of sources and sinks of CO2 is very important to evaluate the impact of its increasing concentration on the evolution of the climate. A compact instrument such as SOIR could be very useful to complete the actual network of measurement. The first solar measurements, the mechanical adjustments and the first calibration tests are presented
Bert, Lionel. "Dopamine et glutamate dans le réseau des noyaux gris centraux du rat : mesure par microdialyse intracérébrale in vivo à haute résolution temporelle couplée à l'électrophorèse capillaire". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T114.
Texto completo da fonteMarty, Julien. "Ondes de gravité atmosphériques observées par un réseau mondial de microbaromètres". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740700.
Texto completo da fonteCambier, Valentin. "Horloge à réseau optique à atomes de mercure exploitant un 2D-MOT : durée de vie de l'état 3P0 et mesures de fréquence". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS512.
Texto completo da fonteOptical clocks have changed time and frequency metrology since the beginning of the 2000’s. In my thesis, I worked on a mercury optical lattice clock. Mercury is a promising candidate for optical clocks thanks to its weak sensitivity to blackbody radiation shift. During my PhD, I took benefit of a magneto optical trap in two dimensions (2D-MOT) to pre-cool the mercury atoms before the interrogation phase. It allows us not only to trap much more atoms but also to improve the clock cycle by decreasing the total cycle time. These improvements made possible the lifetime measurement of the 3P0 state and to participate to measurement campaigns at the European scale between different clocks located a few hundreds of kilometres apart. As a consequence, it was possible to measure for the first time the frequency ratio between mercury and Yb+ ion