Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Membranes modèle"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Membranes modèle"
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Boucard, F., e A. Saboni. "Modélisation du transport des solutés neutres à travers des membranes de nanofiltration". Revue des sciences de l'eau 13, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2005): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705400ar.
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L'exclusion engendrée par la présence de membranes de nanofiltration est due à la superposition de plusieurs mécanismes. Aussi, il est important de pouvoir distinguer ces différents modes de transports afin de les comprendre et de proposer des modèles adéquats. Cette étude s'attachera uniquement à la compréhension du transport de solutés neutres à travers des membranes de ce type. Trois sucres, le glucose, le saccharose et le raffinose, ont été utilisés pour caractériser deux membranes organiques fournies par la société Osmonics. Ce travail montre qu'un modèle simple, basé sur la diffusion, tenant compte des conditions hydrodynamiques du module, est en accord avec les résultats obtenus au laboratoire mais également trouvés dans la littérature. Une bonne adéquation entre le modèle et l'expérience est ainsi obtenue, à la fois sur des modules plans et tubulaires, pour des écoulements laminaires et turbulents.
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Malériat, J. P., P. Jaouen, N. Rossignol, J. P. Schlumpf e F. Quemeneur. "Influence de l'adsorption d'alginates sur les propriétés de membranes organiques d'ultra et de microfiltration". Revue des sciences de l'eau 13, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705394ar.
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Les applications potentielles des cultures de microalgues et cyanobactéries en dépollution d'effluents dans des photobioréacteurs à membrane souffrent de performances limitées par un colmatage de l'élément filtrant dû en grande partie aux exopolysaccharides sécrétés par ces micro-organismes. Cette étude du laboratoire quantifie les effets de l'adsorption de ces polysaccharides sur des membranes organiques d'ultra et microfiltration tangentielle de matériaux et charges de surface différents. L'alginate de sodium est utilisé comme adsorbat modèle. Les membranes propres sont d'abord testées par une mesure de flux à l'eau pure, puis mises en contact avec une solution d'alginate durant un temps choisi. Le flux à l'eau pure des membranes après adsorption est ensuite à nouveau mesuré. La réduction relative du rayon de pore (ZEMAN, 1983) met en évidence l'effet de la mouillabilité et des charges superficielles. L'étude comparée de membranes d'ultra et microfiltration montre que cette réduction relative du rayon de pore augmente avec le seuil de coupure ou le diamètre de pore. L'effet de la concentration révèle aussi que la résistance hydraulique d'adsorption (MATTHIASSON, 1983) à l'équilibre évolue selon l'isotherme de LANGMUIR. Le modèle cinétique traduisant l'évolution de la résistance d'une membrane d'ultrafiltration proposé par BAKLOUTI et al.(1984), amélioré par AIMAR et al. (1988) puis discuté par RUIZ-BEVIÁ et al. (1997), est complété par un nouvel exposant agissant sur le facteur temps. La comparaison des résistances à l'écoulement de membranes de microfiltration avec celle d'une membrane d'ultrafiltration hydrophile neutre permet de dégager des critères de choix pour l'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un photobioréacteur à membrane utilisable en dépollution d'effluents.
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Pelletier, Émilien, e Peter G. C. Campbell. "L’écotoxicologie aquatique - comparaison entre les micropolluants organiques et les métaux : constats actuels et défis pour l’avenir". Revue des sciences de l'eau 21, n.º 2 (22 de julho de 2008): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018465ar.
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Résumé Nous explorons dans cette synthèse les forces et les faiblesses de l’écotoxicologie, en nous limitant aux milieux aquatiques. Notre approche consiste à comparer et contraster le comportement des contaminants organiques et inorganiques (métalliques) et à identifier quelques défis pour l’avenir. La prise en charge des contaminants organiques de synthèse se produit le plus souvent par simple diffusion passive au travers d’une membrane cellulaire. Vu la nature lipidique des membranes biologiques, le coefficient de partage octanol-eau (Kow) du contaminant s’avère souvent un bon prédicteur de sa tendance à se bioaccumuler. Par contre, les métaux présents dans le milieu aquatique se trouvent surtout sous des formes hydrophiles et hydratées qui ne peuvent traverser les membranes biologiques par simple diffusion. Leur prise en charge fait alors appel à un transport facilité qui implique des transporteurs protéiques ou canaux transmembranaires. Le coefficient de partage octanol-eau de ces espèces métalliques se révèle inutile comme prédicteur de leur bioaccumulation. Les approches et les modèles prédictifs diffèrent donc grandement entre contaminants métalliques et organiques. Pour les métaux, deux types de modèles sont couramment employés : des modèles d’équilibre (ex. : le « Modèle du Ligand Biotique » ou BLM) et des modèles cinétiques d’accumulation et d’élimination. Dans les deux cas, les paramètres biologiques des modèles sont considérés comme des « constantes » qui ne sont affectées, ni par la qualité de l’eau ambiante (ex. : pH, dureté), ni par une pré-exposition au métal. Or, il y a maintenant dans la littérature scientifique de plus en plus d’indices que les propriétés clés de la surface épithéliale des organismes aquatiques, qui contrôlent l’accumulation et la toxicité des métaux, ne sont pas constantes, ce qui compromet l’application des modèles dans des cas réels d’exposition chronique sur le terrain. Contrairement aux métaux, l’essentiel du comportement environnemental des composés organiques de synthèse est lié à leur capacité de résister à divers mécanismes de dégradation et à leur biodisponibilité pour les organismes aquatiques. Le modèle de la « fugacité » permet de prédire la distribution de composés organiques entre divers compartiments pour un système considéré à l’équilibre mais de nombreuses contraintes chimiques et biologiques interfèrent avec l’utilisation de ce type de modèle. Les cas des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) et des organométaux sont utilisés pour illustrer ces contraintes. Parmi les tout nouveaux défis de l’écotoxicologie, nous abordons brièvement le développement de la génomique fonctionnelle et de l’approche écosystémique ainsi que la toute nouvelle problématique environnementale posée par les nanoparticules industrielles. L’avenir de l’écotoxicologie aquatique passe nécessairement par : (1) l’obtention de données de terrain et de laboratoire d’excellente qualité; (2) une compréhension approfondie des mécanismes de toxicité aux niveaux moléculaire et cellulaire; (3) le développement de modèles théoriques et empiriques qui intègrent mieux la réalité physiologique et écologique; (4) le développement d’indicateurs écosystémiques capables de fournir une image globale de la qualité d’un environnement aquatique, quelle que soit sa complexité inhérente.
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Rheinstädter, M. C., e T. Salditt. "La dynamique collective des membranes bicouches de modèle étudié par diffusion inélastique de neutrons". Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 130 (novembro de 2005): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2005130010.
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Hatoum, Maher, Jean François Fabre, Joel Albet, Claire Vialle, Caroline Sablayrolles e Pierre Yves Pontalier. "Intégration de la simulation de l’ingénierie des processus et de l’évaluation du cycle de vie pour la modélisation de l’impact environnemental de la filtration membranaire". MATEC Web of Conferences 407 (2025): 02001. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202540702001.
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Le développement des procédés de bioraffinerie nécessite des outils d’éco-conception efficaces afin de démontrer leur réel intérêt écologique tout en minimisant le temps d’acquisition des données permettant l’extrapolation industrielle. L’objet de cet article concerne un de ces outil combinant l’ingénierie des systèmes de procédés (ISP) avec la méthodologie de l’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) afin d’optimiser un procédé ou une opération unitaire en tenant compte des performances techniques et environnementales. En effet, l’ISP ne permet pas la simulation de toutes les opérations unitaires impliquées dans les procédés de bioraffinerie, comme l’ultrafiltration. Cette étude démontre les avantages du couplage de la simulation de l’ultrafiltration avec l’ACV, en utilisant les logiciel ProsimPlus© et SimaPro©. Un modèle d’ultrafiltration a été développé dans ProsimPlus© afin de simuler l’impact des conditions opératoires sur le flux de perméat en fonction du seuil de coupure des membranes. Les paramètres de ce modèle (α et β) ont été identifiés à partir de résultats expérimentaux de filtration de composés phénoliques avec une membrane comprise entre 5 et 100 kDa, avec une validation montrant une incertitude inférieure à 25%. Ces paramètres ont été utilisés pour modéliser les performances de filtration sous différents types de colmatage, puis la simulation a permis l’évaluation environnementales de chaque condition avec SimaPro©. Les résultats indiquent que réduire l’impact environnemental nécessite de diminuer la surface de filtration. L’ACV identifie également l’étape de nettoyage comme le principal point chaud environnemental et montre qu’en présence de polarisation de concentration, l’impact de la consommation d’énergie est aussi important que celui de la surface de la membrane.
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Podbilewicz, Benjamin. "Membrane fusion as a morphogenetic force in nematode development". Nematology 2, n.º 1 (2000): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100508818.
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AbstractIn Caenorhabditis elegans almost all the epithelial cells fuse to form permanent syncytia. Cells in the vulva and hypodermis fuse autonomously to produce ring shaped cells with defined structures and functions. Analysis of temporal and spatial sequence of events together with ultrastructural characterisation of cell fusion intermediates show that fusion pores in specific domains of the membranes dilate and subsequently vesicles are formed. The fusomorphogenetic hypothesis states that these vesicles are targeted to different domains of the plasma membrane where they fuse, thereby causing changes in cell shape. It is proposed that cell fusion and polarised membrane recycling are involved in the formation of ring cells. Fusomorphogenesis is a working model to investigate the forces that drive pattern formation and generate diversity of developmental mechanisms in nematodes. Chez Caenorhabditis elegans, presque toutes les cellules épithéliales fusionnent pour former des syncytia permanents. Les cellules de la vulve et de l’hypoderme fusionnent de façon autonome et produisent des cellules en forme d’anneau avec des structures et des fonctions définies. L’analyse de la séquence temporelle et spatiale des événements, alliée à la caractérisation ultrastructurale des intermédiaires de fusion cellulaire, montre que des pores de fusion se dilatent dans des domaines membranaires spécifiques et que des vésicules sont par la suite formées. L’hypothèse fusomorphogénétique suggère que ces vésicules sont ciblées vers des domaines différents de la membrane plasmique, ou elles fusionnent, provoquant ainsi des changements de forme cellulaire. Il est proposé que la fusion cellulaire et le recyclage polarisé de membranes soient considérés comme impliqués dans la formation des cellules en anneau. La fusomorphogénèse est un guide de travail pour étudier les forces qui entraînent la formation d’un modèle spatial et engendrent la diversité des mécanismes de développement chez les nématodes.
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Schaetzel, Pierre, e Bernard Auclair. "Confrontation de l'équation de nernst-planck de diffusion-convection (dans le modèle homogène) avec les résultats experimentaux obtenus sur plusieurs membranes échangeuses d'ions". European Polymer Journal 24, n.º 8 (janeiro de 1988): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(88)90004-3.
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Huang, Jian Ping, Yu Min Shao, Li Li Liu e Chun Yan Ma. "Comparative Study on Anti-Fouling Properties and Application of Two PVDF Blend Membranes in Wastewater Treatment". Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (julho de 2012): 2164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2164.
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The filtration experiments of two PVDF blending membranes were performed. The critical fluxes of PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU blend membranes were measured by the flux-step method. Then tubular membrane module PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU were used to treat alcohol wastewater. The anti-fouling properties of PVDF/TPU membrane module were better than those of PVDF/PMMA membrane module. The critical fluxes of PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU membrane modules were 24 L/(m2∙h) and 22 L/(m2∙h), respectively. In the alcohol wastewater treatment, TMP and SJ of the tested membranes remained stable during this period and membrane module B was more stable than membrane module A. The CODCr removal rates of two membrane modules reached 48% and 58%, respectively. And the UV254removal rates were 18% and 19%, respectively. Both the turbidity removal efficiency were more than 97% and the average effluent values were below 0.10NTU.
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Seshimo, Masahiro, Hiromi Urai, Kazuaki Sasa, Hitoshi Nishino, Yuichiro Yamaguchi, Ryoichi Nishida e Shin-ichi Nakao. "Bench-Scale Membrane Reactor for Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation Using Silica Membrane Module". Membranes 11, n.º 5 (29 de abril de 2021): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050326.
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Methylcyclohexane-toluene system is one of the most promising methods for hydrogen transport/storage. The methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation can be exceeded by the equilibrium conversion using membrane reactor. However, the modularization of the membrane reactor and manufacturing longer silica membranes than 100 mm are little developed. Herein, we have developed silica membrane with practical length by a counter-diffusion chemical vapor deposition method, and membrane reactor module bundled multiple silica membranes. The developed 500 mm-length silica membrane had high hydrogen permselective performance (H2 permeance > 1 × 10−6 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1, H2/SF6 selectivity > 10,000). In addition, we successfully demonstrated effective methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation using a flange-type membrane reactor module, which was installed with 6 silica membranes. The results indicated that conversion of methylcyclohexane was around 85% at 573 K, whereas the equilibrium conversion was 42%.
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Zhu, Xue Feng, Ming Yuan Zhou, Zhi Wei Wang, Wen Yi Yuan e Jie Guan. "Study on the Membrane Fouling of the Process of Using Two Layer Flat-Sheet Membrane for Sludge Thickening and Water Reuse". Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (junho de 2015): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.467.
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In this paper, the critical flux was applied to represent the tendency of membrane fouling. The response surface model was used to study different factors, such as sludge concentration, space between membranes and aeration rate, affecting membrane fouling of the upper and lower layer membrane module. It was found that the model is fitting and significant, moreover, the sludge concentration, space between membranes and aeration rate has a significant impact on the upper and lower membrane fouling. Meanwhile, it was also observed that the critical flux of both upper and lower layer membrane module sharply decreased with the increase of sludge concentration. However, the different variation tendency of membrane fouling between upper and lower layer membrane module was detected due to the change of space between membranes and aeration rate, when it was under different sludge concentrations. Finally, optimum operating parameters under different sludge concentration simulated by response surface model were successfully applied to the process of using flat-sheet membrane for four-stage sludge thickening.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Membranes modèle"
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Dimova, Rumiana. "Propriétéshydrodynamiques de membranes modèle : étude à l'aide de particules manipulées optiquement". Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10595.
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La these concerne les proprietes hydrodynamiques et elastiques de membranes modele. Essentiellement, on etudie les mouvements de particules solides de quelques microns au contact de membranes de vesicules lipidiques geantes. Les experiences permettent de mesurer la viscosite de cisaillement d'une membrane en phase fluide et son elasticite en phase gel. La these comporte une partie theorique et deux parties experimentales. La premiere partie fonde le principe de la methode de viscosimetrie utilisee par la suite : on calcule la friction subie par une particule spherique collee sur un film ou une membrane fluide, en fonction des viscosites du film et en tenant compte des effets de taille finie propres aux vesicules spheriques. Pour les experiences, on utilise des particules de polystyrene, qu'on manipule a l'aide de faisceaux laser (dynamometrie optique). La deuxieme partie presente une etude experimentale de la viscosite de membranes de sopc, a temperature ambiante. Dans la derniere partie, on etudie les effets pretransitionnels des membranes de dmpc, de part et d'autre de la transition fluide-gel : on montre en particulier les divergences de la viscosite et de la flexibilite membranaire au voisinage de la transition.
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Marchal, Damien. "Développement d'un modèle biomimétique de membrane supportée : étude structurale et cinétique". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1176.
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Ce travail est une contribution à la mise en place d'un nouveau modèle d'étude de la dynamique des échanges d'électrons dans les membranes biologiques. Il correspond à une introduction progressive dans un modèle de bicouche supportée de différents éléments biologiques : lipides, transporteurs d'électrons, enzymes, qui sont les constituants de base des chaînes de transfert d'électrons. La fluidité de la membrane est un élément essentiel au fonctionnement de ces chaînes et la compartimentation créée réduit l'espace tridimensionnel en bidimensionnel. Il n'existe pas de techniques permettant d'associer la dynamique membranaire à la cinétique enzymatique de type bidimensionnelle. L'idée, qui a ainsi été introduite est qu'une technique de mesure hétérogène comme l'électrochimie devrait être bien adaptée à l'exploration de cinétiques dans des milieux hétérogènes. Ceci a impliqué le développement d'une technologie de fabrication d'une interface électrochimique spécialisée couplée à des bicouches lipidiques : l'électrode microporeuse. Une partie importante de ce travail a donc concerné le perfectionnement de cette technologie et son adaptation à des conditions de plus en plus biomimétiques. La finalité de la thèse a été la reconstitution d'une partie d'une chaîne de transfert d'électrons sur l'électrode microporeuse. La réaction électrochimique joue à la fois le rôle de contrôle de l'état rédox et de mesure des flux bidimensionnels des transporteurs : les quinones hydrophobes. Chacun des composants de cette reconstitution a été étudié, permettant de répondre à plusieurs interrogations. Nous avons caractérisé la structure, déterminé les propriétés thermodynamiques et dynamiques des transporteurs et déterminé les constantes cinétiques bidimensionnelles de l'enzyme membranaire intégrée. Nous avons ainsi démontré que l'électrode microporeuse se présentait comme une technique prometteuse pour l'étude des cinétiques dans les milieux hétérogènes tels que les membranes biologiques.
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Faye, Ibrahima. "Polymères en étoile de cyclodextrine amphiphiles et leurs interactions avec une membrane lipidique modèle". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE002/document.
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Ce projet traite de la synthèse de copolymères en étoile amphiphiles à coeur -cyclodextrine et de leurs possibles interactions avec une membrane lipidique modèle en tant que nanopores artificiels. Dans un premier temps, la synthèse d’un amorceur multifonctionnel, per(2-O-méthyl-3,6-di-O-hydroxypropyl)--CD, a été réalisée et sa caractérisation par RMN 1H, 13C et spectrométrie de masse (ESI-MS) confirme sa structure. La polymérisation d’oxyde de butylène amorcée par ce dérivé de -cyclodextrine, en présence de base phosphazène, a alors été réalisée dans un deuxième temps et nous a permis de synthétiser des polymères en étoile à 14 branches hydrophobes, caractérisés par RMN (1H, 13C, DOSY) et chromatographie d’exclusion stérique. Ces derniers polymères hydrophobes sont couplés à leur tour à des chaînes polymères hydrophiles, poly(éthylène glycol) par méthode convergente (substitution nucléophile, chimie clic), ou polyglycidol par méthode divergente, et la caractérisation de l’architecture des copolymères résultants a été réalisée (RMN, CES). Enfin, parmi les différentes applications potentielles, l’aptitude de ces copolymères en étoile à former des nanopores artificiels a été testée par électrophysiologieThe aim of this work is the synthesis of amphiphilic star copolymers based on -cyclodextrin and their possible interactions with model lipid bilayers, such as artificial nanopores. In a first step, the synthesis of multifunctional initiator, per(2-O-methyl-3,6-di-O-hydroxypropyl)--CD, was performed and its characterization by 1H, 13C NMR and ESI-mass spectrometry confirms itsstructure. The polymerization of butylene oxide initiated by -CD derivative, in presence of phosphazene base, was then performed and allowed us to synthesize hydrophobic 14-arm star polymers, characterizedby NMR (1H, 13C, DOSY) and size exclusion chromatography. Hydrophilic macromolecular chains (polyethylene glycol, polyglycidol) are coupled to those latter hydrophobic polymers, using ‘grafting onto’ and ‘grafting from’ methods, and the characterization of the resulting copolymer architecture was performed (NMR, SEC). Finally, among the different potential applications, the ability of the star copolymers to form artificial nanoporeswas evaluated by patch-clamp technique
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Perrot, Carine. "Mécanismes de dégradation des membranes polyaromatiques sulfonées en pile à combustible". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145619.
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Le développement de la pile à combustible repose sur une amélioration de la durabilité des assemblages membrane-électrodes (AMEs). La durée de vie des AMEs dépend, entre autres, de la nature des matériaux utilisés ainsi que des conditions de fonctionnement de la pile. La dégradation peut être d'origine électrochimique, chimique, et/ou mécanique. Cette étude porte sur la compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu lors du vieillissement de membranes alternatives, non fluorées, de type PEEKs et PIs, étape indispensable au développement de structures plus stables. Dans ce cas, le processus est avant tout chimique. Une démarche originale, qui consiste à étudier le mécanisme de dégradation sur des structures modèles, a été adoptée afin de contourner les difficultés analytiques propres aux polymères. Les vieillissements sont réalisés dans l'eau, éventuellement additionnée de H2O2 (identifié comme une des causes du vieillissement chimique des membranes en pile), à différentes températures. La démarche consiste à isoler par chromatographie les différents produits formés, à les identifier (RMN, IR, SM) et à les quantifier. Ceci nous a permis d'établir le mécanisme de vieillissement. Nous avons en particulier montré que le vieillissement d'une structure PEEKs résulte principalement d'une attaque par les bouts de chaîne qui se propage à l'ensemble. Ce mécanisme a été validé sur une membrane vieillie en ex-situ et testée en pile. Ces deux types de vieillissement conduisent à une diminution importante du degré de polymérisation (déterminé par CES) et à la formation des mêmes produits primaires de dégradation. En pile, une dégradation hétérogène est mise en évidence essentiellement côté cathode.
Les PIs sont connus pour leur forte sensibilité à l'hydrolyse. Toutefois, nous avons pu montrer que la dégradation est relativement limitée à 80°C en raison d'une recombinaison des espèces hydrolysées.
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Freudenthal, Oona. "Étude de l’action de peptides antimicrobiens par méthodes spectroscopiques : de la membrane modèle au biofilm bactérien". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0197/document.
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L’émergence et la multiplication des infections impliquant des bactéries résistantes et multi-résistantes aux traitements par voie antibiotique sont actuellement un défi majeur dans le domaine de la santé. En effet, la résistance des microorganismes aux molécules antibiotiques est devenue un phénomène de plus en plus préoccupant notamment en milieu hospitalier d’où la nécessité de faire appel à de nouvelles thérapies et à de nouveaux agents antimicrobiens plus efficaces. De nombreux agents antibiotiques classiques ont été développés ces dernières années, mais beaucoup d’entre eux présentent encore des risques d'effets secondaires plus ou moins toxiques sur les cellules eucaryotes, et en dépit de leur efficacité importante contre des microorganismes multi-résistants. Ainsi, les peptides antimicrobiens sont considéré comme de bons candidats dans la lutte contre multi-résistantes microorganismes, principalement en raison de leur faible toxicité sur les cellules eucaryotes et de leurs différents modes d'action par rapport aux antibiotiques classiques. En effet, ces derniers sont généralement non spécifiques et sont moins susceptibles de mener aux phénomènes de résistance observés pour les antibiotiques classiques. L'objectif des travaux menés dans ce mémoire était d'étudier les modes d'action des deux agents antimicrobiens différents; i) la colistine, un polypeptide cyclique déjà utilisé pour traiter les infections causées par des bactéries multi-résistantes et ii) la catestatine bovine (CAT), un peptide linéaire récemment découvert faisant partie de la famille des HDP (Host Defense Peptides), c’est-à-dire produite par le système endocrinien et immunitaire des mammifères. Cette étude a été réalisée principalement à l’aide de différentes méthodes de caractérisation physico-chimique telles que la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) et la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier en réflexion totale atténuée (ATR-FTIR). L'activité de la colistine sur des membranes phospholipidiques pures et mixtes (à base de DPPC, DOPC et DPPE) a été suivie en temps réel et in-situ par ces deux techniques. Les modifications de l'empreinte biochimique des membranes, en particulier au niveau de la bande Amide II et du rapport d'intensité intégré Amide II/C=O nous a permis de renforcer l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'activité du peptide était plus intense sur les membranes mixtes que sur les membranes purs. Des modifications similaires dans l'empreinte biochimique de ces membranes ont été observées quand elles avaient été exposées à la catestatine. En outre, la spectroscopie infrarouge a également mis en évidence des changements conformationnels dans la structure de la catestatine, notamment par le passage d’une structure en pelote dite « random coil » à une structure en hélice alpha, et ce uniquement au contact avec la membrane. De tels changements conformationnels pourraient être impliqués dans l'activité antimicrobienne et le mode d'action de ce peptide. En outre, nous nous sommes également intéressé à l’action des deux peptides sur des membranes phospholipidiques plus complexes puisque constituées principalement d’extraits naturels de lipopolysaccharides bactériens (lipide A, LPS-s et le LPS-re). Nos résultats ont mis en évidence que les deux agents antimicrobiens étaient à l’origine d’une réorganisation de la structure des membranes et dans certains cas, le peptide était à l’origine de la formation des pores de différentes tailles. L'influence de l'élasticité de la membrane a également été étudiée à l’aide de la spectroscopie de force (AFM). Cette étude a mis en évidence un impact considérable des peptides sur les propriétés mécaniques des membranes et en particulier sur leur élasticité. Afin de se rapprocher des conditions réelles d'un traitement antimicrobien, nous avons exposé des biofilms bactériens de E. coli différentes de doses de deux peptides antimicrobiens. [...]The emergence and multiplication of infections involving resistant and multi-resistant antibiotic-resistant bacteria is currently a major challenge in the field of health. Indeed, the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotic molecules has become an increasingly worrying phenomenon, particularly in hospitals, hence the need for new therapies and new antimicrobial agents that are more effective. Many conventional antibiotic agents have been developed in recent years, but many of them still present risks of more or less toxic side effects on eukaryotic cells, and despite their high effectiveness against multi-resistant microorganisms. Thus, antimicrobial peptides are considered good candidates in the fight against multi-resistant microorganisms, mainly because of their low toxicity to eukaryotic cells and their different modes of action compared to conventional antibiotics. Indeed, the latter are generally non-specific and are less likely to lead to the observed resistance phenomena for conventional antibiotics.The aim of the work carried out in this thesis was to study the modes of action of the two different antimicrobial agents; (I) colistin, a cyclic polypeptide already used to treat infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria; and (ii) bovine catestatin (CAT), a recently discovered linear peptide belonging to the Host Defense Peptides Ie produced by the endocrine and immune system of mammals. This study was carried out mainly using different physico-chemical characterization methods such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The activity of colistin on pure and mixed phospholipid membranes (based on DPPC, DOPC and DPPE) was monitored in real time and in situ by these two techniques. The changes in the biochemical fingerprint of the membranes, in particular in the Amide II band and in the Amide II / C = O integrated intensity ratio allowed us to reinforce the hypothesis that the activity of the peptide was more intense On mixed membranes than on pure membranes. Similar changes in the biochemical footprint of these membranes were observed when they were exposed to catestatin. In addition, infrared spectroscopy has also demonstrated conformational changes in the structure of catestatin, in particular by the passage from a so-called random coil structure to an alpha-helix structure, and only in contact with the structure membrane. Such conformational changes could be implicated in the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of this peptide. In addition, we have also been interested in the action of the two peptides on more complex phospholipid membranes since they consist mainly of natural extracts of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lipid A, LPS-s and LPS-re). Our results showed that the two antimicrobial agents were responsible for a reorganization of the structure of the membranes and in some cases the peptide was at the origin of the formation of the pores of different sizes. The influence of the elasticity of the membrane has also been studied using force spectroscopy (AFM). This study revealed a considerable impact of the peptides on the mechanical properties of the membranes and in particular on their elasticity. In order to approximate the actual conditions of antimicrobial treatment, we exhibited different bacterial E. coli biofilms from doses of two antimicrobial peptides. This latter study was carried out in real time and in situ using infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Infrared spectroscopy allowed us to follow the modifications of the biochemical fingerprint of the biofilm on the course of the treatment. Also provided information on possible changes in bacterial metabolism. In parallel with these measurements, the AFM allowed us to observe the changes in the morphology and mechanical properties of the bacterial biofilm as a function of the antimicrobial treatment applied. [...]
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Lefebvre, Xavier. "Etude des modèles de transfert en nanofiltration : application du modèle hybride basé sur les équations de Nernst-Planck étendues par le développement du logiciel de simulation "nanoflux"". Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20082.
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Ait, Ben Aoumar Abdellah. "Synthèse et caractérisation de membranes bio. Et hémocompatibles à base de polyhydroxybutyrate : essai d'application dans un modèle expérimental : le pancréas bio-artificiel". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20120.
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Des membranes a base de polyester et dotees d'excellentes proprietes mecaniques et hydrodynamiques sont synthetisees en vue de l'invention d'un pancreas bio-artificiel. Leur hemocompatibilite a ete evaluee par des tests de coagulation du sang total et d'adsorption de proteines. La biocompatibilite de ces membranes a ete etudiee in-vivo par differents types d'implantation chez le rat. L'ensemble des resultats montre que ces membranes conviennent parfaitement a la realisation d'un bio-distributeur artificiel d'insuline
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Rubatat, Laurent. "Nouveau modèle structural des membranes Nafion ®, polymère de référence pour l'application pile à combustible basse température". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10142.
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Au micromètre en relation avec les propriétés de transport, est primordiales pour l'optimisation des systèmes pile à combustible H2/O2. Nous Une compréhension globale de la structure des membranes ionomères Nafion® de l'Ångström proposons un nouveau modèle structural de type fibrillaire, basé sur l'agrégation des chaînes polymères, permettant d'expliquer de façon continue le processus d'hydratation de la membrane sèche à la suspension colloi͏̈dale. Par le biais de techniques de diffusion de rayonnement aux petits angles (RX & neutrons) et de microscopie (AFM & TEM) nous avons étudié l'organisation du polymère sur une large gamme d'échelle et de teneur en eau. Les corrélations entre les propriétés de transport et la structure ont été discutées. L'analyse des expériences de membranes sous contraintes a permis de conforter notre modèle et a mis en évidence l'effet de l'orientation sur la conduction protonique.
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Delrue, Florian. "Modélisation du procédé bioréacteur à membranes immergées : calage et validation du modèle ASM1 sur un site réel : étude des interactions boues activées, conditions opératoires et membrane". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13760/document.
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Les bioréacteurs à membranes (BAM) sont de plus en plus utilisés dans le domaine du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines notamment lorsque le terrain est limité ou qu’un traitement épuratoire poussé est requis. Néanmoins, la gestion de ces installations et plus particulièrement du colmatage des membranes reste difficile et constitue toujours une source de problèmes pour les exploitants. La modélisation est un outil efficace et déjà éprouvé sur les procédés conventionnels à boues activées pour l’aide à la conduite et à la compréhension de procédé avec les modèles de boues activées de type ASM. Le traitement biologique donc, et aussi les capacités de filtration des membranes (colmatage) sont deux aspects qui peuvent être modélisés sur les BAM. Au cours de ce travail, trois installations réelles ont été étudiées et l’une d’entre elles a été choisie pour le calage du modèle ASM1. La méthodologie a été adaptée aux spécificités des bioréacteurs à membranes et de l’installation modélisée en particulier (fractionnement des eaux usées, calage de l’aération) et un nouveau jeu de paramètres de l’ASM1 a pu être constitué. L’influence des propriétés des boues activées et des conditions d’opération sur les capacités de filtration des membranes reste encore l’objet de nombreuses recherches, généralement sur installations pilotes, et la modélisation dans ce domaine n’en est qu’à ses débuts. L’objectif de ce travail concernant la filtration membranaire a été de caractériser le système « membrane/boues » à travers l’étude des interactions entre les propriétés des boues, les conditions d’opération et les paramètres de la filtration (perméabilité membranaire et vitesse de colmatage) à comparer avec les résultats de la littérature scientifique. Les deux BAM étudiés ont montré des comportements et relations entre paramètres assez différents confirmant la complexité des interactions entre membrane, boues et conditions opératoiresMembrane bioreactors (MBRs) are becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of municipal wastewater especially when land is limited or when the treatment requirements are high. Nevertheless, the operation of these plants and in particular the fouling of the membrane are still difficult to manage for the operators. Modelling is an efficient tool, which has already been successfully used on conventional activated sludge processes, for the operation and the understanding of the process using Activated Sludge Models (ASM). Biological treatment and membranes filtration capacity (fouling) are two aspects that can be modeled on MBRs. In this work, three full-scale plants were investigated and one of them was chosen for the ASM1 calibration. The usual methodology was adapted to the MBR specificities and to the modeled wastewater treatment plant in particular (wastewater fractionation, oxygen calibration) and a new set of ASM1 parameters was estimated. The influence of the sludge properties and the operating conditions on the membrane filtration capacity is still the subject of numerous studies, generally on pilot-scale MBRs, and modelling is in its early stages. The objective of this work regarding membrane filtration was to characterize the “membrane/sludge” system by studying the interactions between the sludge properties, the operating conditions and the filtration parameters (membrane permeability and fouling rate) and to compare them with the results from the literature. The two studied MBRs showed quite different behaviors and correlations between parameters, validating the statement that the interactions between membranes, sludge and operating conditions are very complex
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Mion, Delphine. "Membranes remodeling by proteins in intracellular trafficking : a bottom up approach of the roles of golgins for Golgi structuration and of SNAREs for synaptic fusion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPSLE001.
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Les membranes biologiques jouent un rôle crucial dans les cellules. Barrières délimitant les compartiments cellulaires, elles sont aussi des transducteurs, des réacteurs ou encore des détecteurs. Ces structures bidimensionnelles sont complexes et leur composition en lipides, protéines et sucres varie selon leurs fonctions spécifiques. Elles sont également très dynamiques, notamment en ce qui concerne le trafic intracellulaire. Ce processus étroitement régulé assure le transport de protéines, de lipides et d'autres molécules entre les organites. notamment via des cargos entourés de membrane, appelés vésicules. Si de nombreux composants des machineries moléculaires impliquées ont été identifiés, les mécanismes moléculaires en jeu restent flous. Les approches traditionnelles in cellule pour étudier les acteurs protéiques du trafic intracellulaire sont limitées par l'interdépendance de nombreux processus. Une approche complémentaire, utilisée dans notre laboratoire, consiste à reconstituer ces mécanismes par une approche ascendante, en utilisant des systèmes minimaux et contrôlés. Cette thèse se concentre sur deux processus distincts du trafic intracellulaire. Tout d'abord, nous avons étudié l'organisation de l'appareil de Golg i, un plateforme clé pour le tri et la modification des protéines après leur synthèse. La structure unique du Golgi, qui ressemble à une pile de pancakes, est étonnamment résiliente. Elle se désassemble et se reforme lors de la division cellulaire et reste stable pendant !'interphase, malgré des échanges continus de matériel. Nous avons émis l'hypothèse que certaines protéines, par exemple GM130, agissent comme des échafaudages pour maintenir cette structure. En utilisant des vésicules géantes unilamellaires (GUVs) comme système modèle, nous avons étudié GM130 et montré que sa séparation de phase sur les membranes est principalement due à un segment de 200 acides aminés positionné près de son extrémité N-terminale. Fait surprenant, la structure de ce segment est prédite en faisceau d'hélices alpha torsadées, et non intrinsèquement désordonnée comme une majorité des protéines qui séparent de phase. Nous avons également exploré les propriétés mécaniques que la présence de cette protéine pourrait conférer à la membrane. Bien que des défis expérimentaux aient limité cette caractérisation, nous avons observé que l'encombrement stérique - à des densités en protéines similaires à ce que l'on trouve sur les membranes du Golgi - peut conférer de la plasticité à la membrane sur notre système modèle, et ce indépendamment du type de protéine. Le deuxième processus étudié est la fusion synaptique. Les protéines SNAREs sont les principaux effecteurs de la fusion d'une vésicule avec une membrane cible. En utilisant des modèles simplifiés et des calculs en ordres de grandeur. nous avons identifié des goulots d'étranglement dans le mécanisme de fusion, mettant ainsi en relief le rôle des autres protéines connues pour catalyser ce processus. Par ailleurs, nous avons utilisé un système de membrane suspendue et des expériences de fusion en solution pour caractériser des SNAREs mutants. Notre objectif était de tester les prédictions d'un modèle théorique plus complexe de la fusion. Nous avons découvert que certains résultats de ce modèle devaient être revus en raison d'une mauvaise interprétation des données expérimentales sur lesquelles il était basé, et les expériences ont donc été interrompues. Cependant, ce travail a fourni des informations précieuses sur le modèle et souligné l'importance de la connexion entre théorie et expérience. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse approfondit les connaissances sur deux protéines impliquées dans le trafic intracellulaire. Elle met également en évidence la valeur des systèmes expérimentaux in vitro, parfois améliorés au cours de ce travail, et ouvre la voie à de futures recherches. Sur un plan plus personnel, elle a aussi été une humble récolte de quelques enseignements épistémologiquesBiological membranes play a crucial role in cells. Over the past few decades, they have been recognized not only as barriers that define cellular compartments, but also as transducers, reactors, and sensors. These membranes are highly complex two-dimensional structures. Their composition, with lipids, proteins, and sugars, is variable and depends on their specific functions. They are also very dynamic, which is particularly evident during intracellular trafficking. This tightly regulated process ensures the transport of proteins, lipids, and other molecules between organelles, notably through membrane-enveloped cargos called vesicles. The formation and fusion of these sacs constantly cause deformation of organelles membrane, as well as import and export of membrane material. Surprisingly enough, the system remains globally stable despite these constant fluxes. Although many components of the molecular machineries involved in this lively yet stable ballet have been identified, precise operational molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Traditional approaches in cellulo to studying protein players in intracellular trafficking are limited by the interdependence of multiple pathways, making it hard to untangle complex interactions. A complementary approach, used in our lab, is bottom-up reconstruction. By using minimal and controlled systems, we aim ta model these phenomena from scratch and understand the contributions of individual molecular effectors. This thesis focuses on two distinct intracellular trafficking processes. First, we studied the organization of the Golgi apparatus, a key site for sorting and modifying proteins alter synthesis. The unique structure of the Golgi, resembling a stack of pancakes, is remarkably resilient. lt disassembles and reforms during cell division and remains stable during interphase, despite continuous material exchange. We hypothesized that certain proteins, such as GM130, actas scaffolds to maintain this structure. Using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a model, we studied GM130 and showed that its phase separation on membrane is driven by a 200-aminoacid segment near its N-terminus. This segment is predicted to form a coiled-coil structure. This is surprising because liquid-liquid phase separation generally involves intrinsically disordered domains. We also explored the mechanical properties that the presence of the protein could give to the membrane. Although experimental challenges limited our ability ta fully characterize these properties, we observed that protein crowding, for densities similar to what can be found on Golgi membranes and regardless of protein type, can lead ta membrane plasticity in our model system. The second process studied is synaptic fusion. SNARE proteins are the main drivers of vesicle fusion with target membranes. Using simplified models and rule-of-thumb calculations, we identified bottlenecks in SNARE-mediated fusion and highlighted the role of the additional protein effectors known to catalyze the process in vivo. Furthermore, we used a suspended membrane set up and a bulk assay to characterize mutant SNAREs. Our goal was to test a more complex theoretical model of fusion. We found that some results of the model needed to be revisited due to a misinterpretation of the experimental data it was based on. Hence the experiments were discontinued. However, this work provided valuable insights into the model, thereby highlighting the importance of close collaboration between theoretical and experimental approaches. Overall, this thesis deepens our understanding of Iwo proteins involved in different intracellular trafficking pathways. It also highlights the value of in vitro assays, which we improved during the course of this work, and paves the way for future research. On a personal note, it was also a humble harvest of a few epistemological take-aways
Livros sobre o assunto "Membranes modèle"
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Derek, Marsh, ed. Phospholipid bilayers: Physical principles and models. New York: Wiley, 1987.
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H, Templer Richard, Leatherbarrow Robin e Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain). Biophysical Chemistry Group., eds. Biophysical chemistry: Membranes and proteins. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.
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von, Heijne Gunnar, ed. Membrane protein assembly. Austin: R.G. Landes, 1997.
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Xu, Weihua. Design and development of a pervaporation membrane separation module. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.
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1932-, Osa Tetsuo, e Atwood J. L, eds. Inclusion aspects of membrane chemistry. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
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Frishman, Dmitrij. Structural bioinformatics of membrane proteins. Wien: Springer, 2010.
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Norbert, Latruffe, Federation of European Biochemical Societies. e Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), eds. Dynamics of membrane proteins and cellular energetics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.
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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Physical Methods on Biological Membranes and Their Model Systems (1982 Altavilla Milicia, Italy). Physical methods on biological membranes and their model systems. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.
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Elena, Eizenberg, ed. Membranes and other extendons (p-branes). Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.
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Gao, Fei. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells modeling. London: ISTE, 2011.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Membranes modèle"
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Boicelli, C. A., M. Giomini e A. M. Giuliani. "The Water Structure in Membrane Models Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infrared Spectroscopies". In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 361–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_37.
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Razin, Shmuel. "Mycoplasma Membranes as Models in Membrane Research". In Subcellular Biochemistry, 1–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2924-8_1.
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Balster, Joerg. "Capillary Membrane Module". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 293. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1581.
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Balster, Joerg. "Tubular Membrane Module". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1939–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1588.
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Balster, Joerg. "Capillary Membrane Module". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1581-1.
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Balster, Joerg. "Tubular Membrane Module". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1588-1.
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Balster, Joerg. "Cross-Flow Membrane Module". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 478–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1582.
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Balster, Joerg. "Hollow Fiber Membrane Module". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 955–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1583.
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Balster, Joerg. "Spiral Wound Membrane Module". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1812–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1586.
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Balster, Joerg. "Cross-Flow Membrane Module". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1582-1.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Membranes modèle"
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Russo, Michael J., Simon H. Friedman, Jens O. M. Karlsson e Mehmet Toner. "A Two-Compartment Membrane Limited Model of Molecular Transport Through Nano-Scale Pores With a Metal-Actuated Switch". In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 9–14. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1306.
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Abstract We have previously demonstrated that we can reversibly alter the transport selectivity of the plasma membrane to small molecules (∼1000 Da) by treating cells with H5, a genetic mutant of the pore-forming protein Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin, designed to be equipped with a metal-actuated switch. Toward the development of a plasma membrane permeabilization technique for both clinical and basic research applications, we have developed a simple model of molecular transport through the H5 pore. This model in combination with hindered transport models predicts the rate of transport of our marker molecules, carboxycalcein blue (CCB) and sucrose, and provides an approximation of the number of pores in the plasma membrane. Model predictions are also in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements of CCB and sucrose transport through the H5 treated plasma membranes of 3T3 fibroblasts. This model allows us to analyze quantitatively the selectivity of the H5 pore and by extension to use genetically designed pore forming proteins to advance the understanding of hindered transport in pores.
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Pedrozo, Hector A., Cheick Dosso, Lingxiang Zhu, Victor Kusuma, David Hopkinson, Lorenz T. Biegler e Grigorios Panagakos. "Membrane-based carbon capture process optimization using CFD modeling". In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 860–67. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.134891.
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Carbon capture is a promising option to mitigate CO2 emissions from existing coal-fired power plants, cement and steel industries, and petrochemical complexes. Among the available technologies, membrane-based carbon capture presents the lowest energy consumption, operating costs, and carbon footprint. In addition, membrane processes have important operational flexibility and response times. On the other hand, the major challenges to widespread application of this technology are related to reducing capital costs and improving membrane stability and durability. To upscale the technology into stacked flat sheet configurations, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that describes the separation process accurately are required. High-fidelity simulations are effective in studying the complex transport phenomena in membrane systems. In addition, obtaining high CO2 recovery percentages and product purity requires a multi-stage membrane process, where the optimal network configuration of the membrane modules must be studied in a systematic way. In order to address the design problem at process scale, we formulate a superstructure for the membrane-based carbon capture, including up to three separation stages. In the formulation of the optimization problem, we include reduced models, based on rigorous CFD simulations of the membrane modules. Numerical results indicate that the optimal design includes three membrane stages, and the capture cost is 45.4 $/t-CO2.
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Ikeda, Noriaki. "Lectures on AKSZ Sigma Models for Physicists". In Workshop on Strings, Membranes and Topological Field Theory. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813144613_0003.
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Usta, Mustafa, Ali E. Anqi, Michael Morabito, Alaa Hakim, Mohammed Alrehili e Alparslan Oztekin. "Computational Study of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process: Hollow Fiber Module". In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70884.
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Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a process whereby solutes are removed from a solution by means of a semipermeable membrane. Providing access to clean water is one of our generation’s grand engineering challenges, and RO processes are taking center stage in the global implementation of water purification technologies. In this work, computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to elucidate the steady state phenomena associated with the mass transport of solution through cylindrical hollow fiber membranes in hopes of optimizing RO technologies. The Navier-Stokes and mass transport equations are solved numerically to determine the flow field and solute concentration distribution in the hollow fiber membrane bank, which is a portion of the three-dimensional feed channel containing a small collection of fibers. The k-ω Shear Stress Transport turbulence model is employed to characterize the flow field. Special attention is given to the prediction of water passage through hollow fiber membranes by the use of the solution-diffusion model, which couples the salt gradient, water flux, and local pressure at the membrane surface. This work probes hollow fiber membrane arrangement in the feed channel by considering inline and staggered alignments. Feed flow rates for Reynolds number values ranging between 400 and 1000 are considered. Increased momentum mixing within the feed channel solution can substantially enhance the system efficiency, and hollow fiber membrane arrangements and feed flow rates dictate the momentum mixing intensity. Velocity and vorticity iso-surfaces of the flow domain are presented in order to assess the momentum mixing achieved with various hollow fiber membrane arrangements and flow rates. The total water permeation rate per hour is calculated to compare system efficiencies, and the coefficient of performance is calculated to compare membrane performance relative to the necessary power input, both for the various hollow fiber membrane arrangements and feed flow rates.
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Schling, E., e Z. Wan. "Digital and physical prototype of an asymptotic facade module." In 10th edition of the conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/membranes.2021.063.
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Garrote, R., R. Hepp, J. Banham e X. Huang. "Experiences from the Use of Thinner SRU Membranes on Existing Offshore Platforms". In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35170-ms.
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Abstract New thinner SRU (Sulfate Removal Unit) NF (Nano Filtration) membrane was developed to boost the more efficient available water productivity per treatment module for energy and space saving benefits. Two module designs have been offered to the offshore service, with one targeting a more efficient fouling control with expanded surface area, and another targeting utmost compact design to save energy and space consumption. This new technology is currently available and has been used at offshore fields since 2020. With the replacement of the new NF membranes, existing SRUs can either increase by 10 to 16% capacity without modifying the actual system or use a thicker feed spacer (34 mil vs. 26 mil), allowing for operation at lower Differential Pressures (dP) reducing Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) frequency and alleviating the hassle and downtime stress brought by fouling management. New systems can be designed with 9.1-13.7% reduction in size for the same capacity when compared to standard SRU membranes. This paper investigates the benefits achieved in the real field on thinner NF membrane installation through the analysis of fouling control, production capacity boosts and membrane longevity extension. Existing platforms where the thinner SRU membranes are in use side by side with regular membrane product were tracked for direct comparison, which reveals remarkable gaining on energy consumption, chemical reduction, and downtime control with new thinner membrane installation.
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Yang, Shu, e Cornel Sultan. "Free Vibration and Modal Analysis of a Tensegrity-Membrane System". In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59292.
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The growing interest in lightweight, deployable, and adaptive space membrane systems motivates the study of tensegrity-membrane systems. Such systems, which are composed of membranes, bars, and tendons, can be treated as extensions of classical tensegrity systems. Therefore, they inherit typical advantages of tensegrity systems, such as reduced mass, extreme flexibility, and the capacity of shape change. Membranes can be part of a certain device, such as a reflector or solar sail, while also offering opportunities for integrated system design. This paper presents a study in the modal analysis and free vibration analysis of a tensegrity-membrane system. Two mathematical models are used in this analysis: a nonlinear finite element model and a control-oriented model. The nonlinear finite element model is of great generality, while several modeling assumptions are introduced in the control-oriented model to simplify the modeling problem and lead to a model that lends itself to modern control design. Numerical results given by the two models are compared in order to ascertain the extent to which the two models agree. Observations related to system mode shapes, coupled dynamic behavior between system components, and system free vibration responses are discussed.
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Wu, Jingping, Xi Yi, Zaojian Zou, Peng Zhan e Changzhe Chen. "Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a U-Shaped Flexible Membrane Breakwater". In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-102079.
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Abstract A new U-shaped flexible membrane breakwater is proposed, and its hydrodynamic performance of wave attenuation is experimentally studied in a physical wave flume with piston-type wavemaker. The physical breakwater model is consisted of two U-shaped flexible membranes and four slats. The four slats are stuck to the four ends of the two membranes and fixed near the free surface, and the flexible membranes are extended freely down and form the U-shaped inner and outer layers, with the bottom of the outer membrane lying flat on the flume bottom. The effects of the submerged or immerged depths of the four slats are studied; and a single membrane breakwater is compared with the two-membranes breakwater. A series of monochromatic regular waves are generated at a constant water depth and propagate normally to the breakwater models. The wave elevations on both the windward side and leeward side are recorded by the fixed wave probes respectively. The hydrodynamic performances including transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient and energy dissipation coefficient are calculated, and the variations of the three coefficients versus the relative width are presented. The results demonstrate that the two-membranes breakwater is obviously better than the single membrane breakwater; the slats positions have slight influence on the wave attenuation performances. Overall, the U-shaped flexible membrane breakwater shows a high performance of attenuating wave even for the waves with relatively long wavelength by dissipating the wave energy.
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Hamza, Karim, Mohammed Shalaby, Ashraf O. Nassef, Mohamed F. Aly e Kazuhiro Saitou. "Design Optimization of Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination Systems via Genetic Algorithms". In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28489.
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This paper explores the application of genetic algorithms (GA) for optimal design of reverse osmosis (RO) water desalination systems. While RO desalination is among the most cost and energy efficient methods for water desalination, optimal design of such systems is rarely an easy task. In these systems, salty water is made to flow at high pressure through vessels that contain semi-permeable membrane modules. The membranes can allow water to flow through, but prohibit the passage of salt ions. When the pressure is sufficiently high, water molecules will flow through the membranes leaving the salt ions behind and are collected in a fresh water stream. Typical system design variables for RO systems include the number and layout of the vessels and membrane modules, as well as the operating pressure and flow rate. This paper explores models for single and two-stage RO pressure vessel configurations. The number and layout of the vessels and membrane modules are regarded as discrete variables, while the operating pressures and flow rate are regarded as continuous variables. GA is applied to optimize the models for minimum overall cost of unit produced fresh water. Case studies are considered for four different water salinity concentration levels. In each of the studies, three different types of crossover are explored in the GA. While all the studied crossover types yielded satisfactory results, the crossover types that attempt to exploit design variable continuity performed slightly better, even for the discrete variables of this problem.
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Kumar, Karthik, Ali Besharatian, Luis P. Bernal, Rebecca L. Peterson e Khalil Najafi. "A Multiphysics Reduced Order Model of Valve Pumping in a 4-Stage Vacuum Micropump". In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87681.
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Micro pumps are required in gas chromatographs and other gas analysis systems. Thermodynamic and reduced order models reported in the literature consider only the deflection of pumping membranes which is insufficient to study the performance characteristics of more complicated multistage peristaltic pumps with multiple coupled chambers, active checkerboard valves and single or multiple electrodes for actuating the pumping membranes and valves. Specifically the volume displaced by the valves membranes can be significant compared to the volume displaced by the pumping membranes. In this paper a multiphysics model is extended to include the effect of valves as well the pump membranes deflections. The viscous losses in the flow through the valves are modeled using CFD while the structural behavior of the membrane is modeled using COMSOL in quasi-steady analyses and the results incorporated into the multiphysics unsteady reduced-order model. The model is validated by comparing computed flow-rate as a function of frequency with experimental results for a 4-stage micropump which are found to be within 7%. At a high flow rate condition the model results show that for a 4-stage pump the deflection of the valves significantly affects the performance of the pump.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Membranes modèle"
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Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger e Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.
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This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and testing of dual-mode polymer nanolayers on planar surfaces and (2) evaluation of these nanolayers as membrane modifiers. The first objective was designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how polymer nanolayer chemistry and structure affect bacterial deposition and to demonstrate the reversibility of chemical switching. The second objective, which focused on membrane development, characterization, and testing, was designed to demonstrate methods for the production of water treatment membranes that couple passive and active biofouling control mechanisms. Both objectives were attained through synergistic collaboration among the three research groups. Using planar silicon and glass surfaces, we demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy that this new polymer coating can switch reversibly between the anti-fouling, zwitterion mode and an anti-microbial, quaternary amine mode. We showed that switching could be done more than 50 times without loss of activity and that the kinetics for switching from a low fouling zwitterion surface to an antimicrobial quaternary amine surface is practical for use. While a low pH was required for switching in the original polymer, we illustrated that by slightly altering the chemistry, it is possible to adjust the pH at which the switching occurs. A method was developed for applying the new zwitterionic surface chemistry onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. Bacteria deposition studies showed that the new chemistry performed better than other common anti-fouling chemistries. Biofilm studies showed that PESultrafiltration membranes coated with the new chemistry accumulated half the biomass volume as unmodified membranes. Biofilm studies also showed that PES membranes coated with the new chemistry in the anti-microbial mode attained higher biofilm mortality than PES membranes coated with a common, non-switchablezwitterionic polymer. Results from our research are expected to improve membrane performance for the purification of wastewaters prior to use in irrigation. Since reduction in flux due to biofouling is one of the largest costs associated with membrane processes in water treatment, using dual-mode nanolayer coatings that switch between passive and active control of biofouling and enable detachment of attached biofoulants would have significant economic and societal impacts. Specifically, this research program developed and tested advanced ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of wastewaters. Such membranes could find use in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater, a slightly upgraded version of what presently is used in Israel for irrigation. They also may find use for pretreatment of agricultural wastewaters, e.g., rendering facility wastewater, prior to reverse osmosis for desalination. The need to desalinate such impaired waters water for unlimited agricultural use is likely in the near future.
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Marquart, Grant. Biomimetic Model Membranes to Study Protein-membrane Interactions and their Role in Alzheimer?s Disease. Portland State University Library, janeiro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.154.
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Elbaum, Michael, e Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, março de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.
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Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.
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Epel, Bernard, e Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, novembro de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.
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To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.
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Wood, R. L. Single, stretched membrane, structural module experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5695126.
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Wang, X. F., e M. Schuldiner. Systems biology approaches to dissect virus-host interactions to develop crops with broad-spectrum virus resistance. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134163.bard.
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More than 60% of plant viruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that cause billion-dollar losses annually and pose a major threat to stable agricultural production, including cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) that infects numerous vegetables and ornamental trees. A highly conserved feature among these viruses is that they form viral replication complexes (VRCs) to multiply their genomes by hijacking host proteins and remodeling host intracellular membranes. As a conserved and indispensable process, VRC assembly also represents an excellent target for the development of antiviral strategies that can be used to control a wide-range of viruses. Using CMV and a model virus, brome mosaic virus (BMV), and relying on genomic tools and tailor-made large-scale resources specific for the project, our original objectives were to: 1) Identify host proteins that are required for viral replication complex assembly. 2) Dissect host requirements that determine viral host range. 3) Provide proof-of-concept evidence of a viral control strategy by blocking the viral replication complex-localized phospholipid synthesis. We expect to provide new ways and new concepts to control multiple viruses by targeting a conserved feature among positive-strand RNA viruses based on our results. Our work is going according to the expected timeline and we are progressing well on all aims. For Objective 1, among ~6,000 yeast genes, we have identified 96 hits that were possibly play critical roles in viral replication. These hits are involved in cellular pathways of 1) Phospholipid synthesis; 2) Membrane-shaping; 3) Sterol synthesis and transport; 4) Protein transport; 5) Protein modification, among many others. We are pursuing several genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport because cellular membranes are primarily composed of lipids and lipid compositional changes affect VRC formation and functions. For Objective 2, we have found that CPR5 proteins from monocotyledon plants promoted BMV replication while those from dicotyledon plants inhibited it, providing direct evidence that CPR5 protein determines the host range of BMV. We are currently examining the mechanisms by which dicot CPR5 genes inhibit BMV replication and expressing the dicot CPR5 genes in monocot plants to control BMV infection. For Objective 3, we have demonstrated that substitutions in a host gene involved in lipid synthesis, CHO2, prevented the VRC formation by directing BMV replication protein 1a (BMV 1a), which remodels the nuclear membrane to form VRCs, away from the nuclear membrane, and thus, no VRCs were formed. This has been reported in Journal of Biological Chemistry. Based on the results from Objective 3, we have extended our plan to demonstrate that an amphipathic alpha-helix in BMV 1a is necessary and sufficient to target BMV 1a to the nuclear membrane. We further found that the counterparts of the BMV 1a helix from a group of viruses in the alphavirus-like superfamily, such as CMV, hepatitis E virus, and Rubella virus, are sufficient to target VRCs to the designated membranes, revealing a conserved feature among the superfamily. A joint manuscript describing these exciting results and authored by the two labs will be submitted shortly. We have also successfully set up systems in tomato plants: 1) to efficiently knock down gene expression via virus-induced gene silencing so we could test effects of lacking a host gene(s) on CMV replication; 2) to overexpress any gene transiently from a mild virus (potato virus X) so we could test effects of the overexpressed gene(s) on CMV replication. In summary, we have made promising progress in all three Objectives. We have identified multiple new host proteins that are involved in VRC formation and may serve as good targets to develop antiviral strategies; have confirmed that CPR5 from dicot plants inhibited viral infection and are generating BMV-resistance rice and wheat crops by overexpressing dicot CPR5 genes; have demonstrated to block viral replication by preventing viral replication protein from targeting to the designated organelle membranes for the VRC formation and this concept can be further employed for virus control. We are grateful to BARD funding and are excited to carry on this project in collaboration.
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Giannelis, Emmanuel P. Nanobiohybrids: New Model Systems for Membranes and Sensors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, setembro de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada427213.
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Giannelis, Emmanuel P. Nanobiohybrids: New Model Systems for Membranes and Sensors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junho de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434611.
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Villa, Daniel, Charles Morrow, Johan Vanneste, Emily Gustafson, NREL Sertac Akar, Craig Turchi e Tzahi Cath. Multi-configuration Membrane Distillation Model (MCMD). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), outubro de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1489619.
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Shirley, David Noyes, Thomas W. Hunt, W. Michael Brown, Joseph S. Schoeniger, Alexander Slepoy, Kenneth L. Sale, Malin M. Young, Jean-Loup Michel Faulon e Genetha Anne Gray. Model-building codes for membrane proteins. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920776.
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