Bibliografias temáticas / Medium and large projects

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Medium and large projects"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 29 de agosto de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Medium and large projects"

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Olmedo, Diego Contreras. "Medium- and large-size cogeneration projects in Spain". Energy Policy 21, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1993): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(93)90140-b.

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Koru, A. G., e J. Tian. "Defect handling in medium and large open source projects". IEEE Software 21, n.º 4 (julho de 2004): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2004.12.

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Qureshi, M. Rizwan Jameel. "Agile software development methodology for medium and large projects". IET Software 6, n.º 4 (2012): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0110.

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Sun, Yu Feng, e Xun He. "Research on Professionalized Operation and Management Model for Large and Medium Biogas Projects". Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (fevereiro de 2012): 3258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.3258.

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On the basis of analysis of domestic and inland management models for biogas projects, this article has learned experience from foreign experiences on operation and management of biogas projects. The key factor for medium and large biogas projects is professionalized operation and Specialized company who is an agency by agreement of the project investor. The new professionalized model manages biogas projects in comprehensive and systematic manner as per market demand, and provides efficient compressive services so that biogas projects could produce maximum social, economic, environmental and biological benefits. Thus, the new model which caters for requirements of market economy is a highly efficient vibrant modern management model for biogas industry. According to case analysis results, Hunan HuiMing Environmental Protection Energy Corporation is an experienced company that could be employed to operate and manage large and medium biogas projects.
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He, Huiyu, Xiwei Gan, Lin Liu e Xing Zhang. "Adaptability Analysis of Integrated Project Delivery Method in Large- and Medium-Sized Engineering Projects: A FAHP-Based Modeling Solution". Buildings 14, n.º 7 (2 de julho de 2024): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071999.

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With the emerging large- and medium-sized engineering projects, prominent project delivery methods make sense in terms of cost, risk, management, and schedule. Among these, the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) method stands out due to its adaptability for growing scale and complexity projects. This study compares the IPD method with other methods, emphasizing its benefits in large- and medium-sized projects and introducing the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) model to analyze IPD’s adaptability quantitatively. By conducting a matrix calculation of eighteen second-level indicators, this study derived weight values for four first-level indicators: Cost control, Risk control, Management control, and Schedule control. These first-level indicators were then used to formulate the total evaluation index calculation. Based on this foundation, we verified the calculations using a case study in Fujian. Implementing the IPD method led to a lower cost than the Owner’s Representative method and a one-year schedule acceleration. The FAHP model introduced in this study offers a novel and objective approach for adaptability analysis of the IPD method in large- and medium-sized engineering projects, coupling decision theory into project management.
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Bakhsh, Sheikh Tahir, Basit Shahzad, Sabeen Tahir e Rayed A. Alghamdi. "Determining Large Scale Healthcare Projects by Resource Attribution". Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, n.º 10 (1 de outubro de 2020): 2389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3268.

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Software development activity deals with the development of the healthcare software by using given resources. The allocation of the resources needs to be consistent with the scale of the project for which the resources are being allocated. The allocation of resources depends on the scale of healthcare projects. As far as resource planning for healthcare projects is concerned, healthcare projects are similar to software development in other areas. In this research, the effort is made to quantify the scale of healthcare projects. The scale can be small, medium, or large. Each scale has a different set of attributes associated with it. The quantification of attributes can further be translated to the actual number of resources to be allocated in terms of healthcare projects.
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Bakhsh, Sheikh Tahir, Basit Shahzad, Sabeen Tahir e Rayed A. Alghamdi. "Determining Large Scale Healthcare Projects by Resource Attribution". Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, n.º 10 (1 de outubro de 2020): 2389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.32682389.

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Software development activity deals with the development of the healthcare software by using given resources. The allocation of the resources needs to be consistent with the scale of the project for which the resources are being allocated. The allocation of resources depends on the scale of healthcare projects. As far as resource planning for healthcare projects is concerned, healthcare projects are similar to software development in other areas. In this research, the effort is made to quantify the scale of healthcare projects. The scale can be small, medium, or large. Each scale has a different set of attributes associated with it. The quantification of attributes can further be translated to the actual number of resources to be allocated in terms of healthcare projects.
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Ab Hakim, Nurul Atiqah, Abdelrahman M. Farouk, Saffuan Wan Ahmad e Rahimi A. Rahman. "Effect of Mega Railway Projects on Small and Medium Construction Companies: Impact and Problems". CONSTRUCTION 4, n.º 1 (3 de março de 2024): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/construction.v4i1.9891.

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Railway mega-projects are typically enormous large-scale investment projects that require a long time to develop and build. However, compared to other types of transportation, the railway is a safe mode of land transportation. Therefore, development such as railway mega-projects positively impacts small and medium construction companies. This study aims to study the impact of railway mega-projects on small and medium construction companies and investigate the problems that small and medium construction companies experience involving railway mega-projects. This study used a qualitative method of open-ended interviews to collect data from small and medium construction companies. The collected data from twenty individuals were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The results show that the challenges of mega railway projects are divided into technical and resources. Apart from that, job opportunities are the main factor contributing to the impact of mega railway projects. The study contributes by providing insights on the impact of mega railway projects on small and medium construction companies and the challenges involving mega railway projects.
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Nasid Masrom, Md Asrul, Garba Hamza, Norpadzlihatun Manap e Noor Shahifah Syahrom. "Factors Affecting the Performance of Medium and Large Local Contractors in the Jigawa State Nigerian Construction Industry". MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926603017.

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Medium and large local contractors in the Nigerian construction industry suffer from numerous problems and complex issues in regards to their performance in executing projects, particularly cost, time and quality. This paper is to identify the factors affecting the performance of medium and large local contractors in the Jigawa state Nigerian construction industry. Literature about medium and large local contractors, their performance was reviewed to identify the factors believed to affect their performance in executing construction projects. One hundred thirty-six questionnaires distributed to clients, consultants, medium and large local contractors. The findings indicate that all the respondents agree that the most significant factors affecting the performance of medium and large local contractors in the Jigawa state Nigerian construction industry were corruption, the time taken in payment from the client to contractor, additional work given during construction, used of an unskilled labour force and non-adherence to specification. This paper helps to expand the pool of knowledge to the Nigerian contractors regarding essential element that is needed to be observed in order to improve their performance.
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Park, Daehyeon, Jinhyeong Jo e Doojin Ryu. "Incentive Contracts for Sustainable Growth of Small or Medium-Sized Enterprise". Sustainability 13, n.º 9 (28 de abril de 2021): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094964.

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This study analyzes incentive contracts in public procurement supply chains using a game-theoretic approach. Specifically, we compare a structure in which the host company is a large enterprise and the partner company is a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) to a structure in which the host is an SME and the partner is a large enterprise. For each structure, we examine whether an incentive contract improves supply chain performance and confirm that the performance improvement effect is greater when the host company is an SME. Our analysis has several policy implications. SMEs are less likely to be selected as host companies for large-scale procurement projects, limiting their growth opportunities. Thus, to enable SMEs’ sustainable growth through large-scale procurement projects, the governments can allocate a portion of public procurement to SMEs. The introduction of incentive contracts elicits sustainable cooperation from large companies when an SME is the host company in a public procurement supply chain.
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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Medium and large projects"

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Olsson, Nils. "Project Flexibility in Large Engineering Projects". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1932.

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Traditionally, projects tend to strive for increased predictability by managing details and attempting to bring all variables under control. However, experience shows that the chance of realising a plan without major amendments decreases with an increasing time horizon, which points to a need for flexible projects. A number of scholars argue that flexibility is necessary to face changes and uncertainty in the business environment. On the other hand, flexible projects are generally not described as desirable in project management literature. These conflicting approaches to flexibility have justified an analysis of the dynamics related to project flexibility, both from a theoretical and an empirical perspective. Such an analysis is presented in this thesis,based on analyses of large engineering projects in Norway. Most of the projects are governmental investments.

This thesis aims at structuring knowledge on project flexibility. Two types of results have emerged; the first related to how to analyse project flexibility, and the second related to how to manage flexible projects. Based on studies of different parts of the life cycle of projects, the research provides indications as to how flexibility can be addressed in the front-end phase of large public investments. A framework for analysing project flexibility is also proposed.

Chapter 1 discusses flexibility in a project management perspective, and raises key research questions. The research presented in this thesis addresses the dynamics between utilising benefits from flexible approaches and avoiding drawbacks. Being flexible is characterised by a capability to adapt to new, different or changing requirements.

Flexibility is used in a rather wide sense in the thesis, but is always related to the managing effects of uncertainty. Project flexibility includes adjustments and preparations in response to both internal and contextual uncertainty, such as for example, scope change management, iterative decision process and adjustments related to uncertain funding. Chapter 1 ends with two key research questions related to how to analyse and manage project flexibility.

Chapter 2 presents the research design. The thesis is based on nine papers. These papers are summarised in part one of the thesis. Three main data sources have been used, along with complementary information. First, project evaluations and summaries of 18 Norwegian investment projects have been analysed. Second, this research has benefited from access to an established database for major governmental investments, including results from 48 front-end assessments of large governmental projects. Third, a wider range of data has been collected in a multi-case study of four Norwegian railway projects.

The research is based on an inductive-deductive approach, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative information. Validity and reliability associated with the data used in this thesis are not sufficient to provide solid answers, taken in isolation. As is common in project management research, the small samples in the studies generally do not support statistical analysis of the data, particularly when subgroups of the material are subject to analysis. However, the research has taken previous studies of related issues into account.The results presented in the thesis support many of the findings from other studies, but also indicate some nuances to common understanding of project flexibility. Further research is needed to clarify to what extent these indications are of a general nature or project-specific.

Chapter 3 discusses project flexibility in different project phases. A distinction is made between three project phases: front-end, planning and execution. Both this thesis and previous research point to a flexible front-end phase as the least controversial aspect of project flexibility. Low flexibility after the front-end phase increases the likelihood of projects being completed on time, within budget and according to specifications. Some models and measures of project flexibility in a time perspective are also presented in this chapter.

Chapter 4 analyses project flexibility from a stakeholder perspective. Project stakeholders are actively involved in a project, or their interests may be positively or negatively affected by the project. Project flexibility is perceived differently by different stakeholders. Flexibility for one project stakeholder can be another stakeholder’s risk.

An analysis of flexibility in stakeholder perspective called for a distinction between internal and external project flexibility. Project internal flexibility relates to flexibility within defined scope – how requirements are to be met. External flexibility refers to adjustments of project scope – what requirements are to be met. Project internal flexibility appears to be particularly desirable to project managers and contractors. Project external flexibility is more likely to be looked upon favourably by users and project owners. Incentives open to stakeholders affect their approaches to project flexibility. In general, flexible projects have a value for stakeholders which benefit from adjustments and come at a cost for those who have to adapt.

Chapter 5 highlights the relevance of efficiency and effectiveness when discussing flexible projects. In general, efficiency is related to producing direct project outputs, often measured in terms of cost, time and quality. Effectiveness is related to added value for owners and users. The case in favour of flexibility emphasises the possibility to increase a project’s effectiveness. The case against project flexibility highlights the negative effects on efficiency due to changes and the possibilities for frustration due to lack of decisions and commitments.

Analyses presented in this thesis indicate challenges in materialising the expected benefits of flexible projects. On the other hand, the expected decrease in efficiency in flexible projects has been frequently observed throughout the analysis. Chapter 5 also addresses redundancy as an enabler for project flexibility. Redundancy is created when more resources than strictly necessary are available. The logic behind redundancy is that a project with redundant resources will be efficient because it can be executed as planned, compared to a project with no redundancy that turns out to be error-prone in reality.

Chapter 6 discusses flexibility related to modularity, flexible decision processes and flexible final products. Flexibility in the decision process means that decisions and commitments in projects are made sequentially over phases. Flexibility in the product is achieved when the final product that a project is to produce is prepared for alternative use. There are indications that flexible projects utilise both flexible products and flexible decision processes, rather than emphasising one of these dimensions at the expense of the other. When analysing flexibility in decision processes, there was a need to make a distinction between planned and actual approaches to flexibility. Actual approaches turn out to be different from planned ones.

Modularity can be an enabler for flexible project management. On a macro level, modularity means that projects are divided into independent sub-units. Decision makers can then make incremental commitments to each sub-unit at a time. In the studied projects, macro modularisation was associated with cost control but also with lower benefit realisation than planned. On a micro level, modularisation means a decomposition of a product into modules with specified interfaces. Such modularisation can reduce the ‘knock-on’ effects of design changes.

Chapter 7 summarises a framework for analysing project flexibility and indicates guidelines for managing flexible projects. The framework for analysis consists of project flexibility categorisations, perspectives of analysis, and flexibility drivers and enablers. Approaches for the management of project flexibility are also suggested in Chapter 7. Successful strategies for project flexibility either aim at avoiding flexibility or at enabling projects to be flexible. Projects can avoid adjustments or live with them. One key to successful flexibility management in projects lies in the transition from an initial open-minded environment to the subsequent focused phases. Based on the results in the thesis, an attempt is made to list approaches to project flexibility management.

Even though the results are based on studies of only a few projects, there are indications that the drawbacks of flexible projects are largest when projects do not prepare for future adjustments. This notion is consistent with previous works on flexibility, which highlight that flexible decisions require a structural framework of strategies and guidelines. The suggested approaches and categorisations related to project flexibility are intended as an input to such a structural framework.


Paper I and II reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com
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Frazier, David E. "Requirement elicitation of large web projects". [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1109104-113450/unrestricted/FrazierD112304f.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1109104-113450 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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SANTOS, PAULO IVSON NETTO. "INFORMATION VISUALIZATION FOR MANAGING LARGE-SCALE ENGINEERING PROJECTS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34199@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Grandes projetos de engenharia como prédios e infraestrutura urbana demandam milhões em investimentos e estreita colaboração entre equipes de especialistas ao longo de vários anos de projeto, construção e operação. Para vencer estes desafios, a indústria de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção (AEC) está ativamente desenvolvimento métodos e ferramentas baseadas na Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM). BIM promove o uso de modelos CAD 3D como uma base de dados centralizada para todas as características físicas e funcionais de uma instalação e suas informações associadas de projeto e ciclo de vida. A complexidade inerente de um modelo BIM oferece um desafio crítico de visualização: como melhor apresentar informações relevantes necessárias para diferentes análises de engenharia? Este trabalho contribui para responder esta questão através de uma abordagem teórica e prática. A tese primeiro apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o estado atual de visualização de informação (VIS) em pesquisas BIM. A revisão analisa em detalhe as visualizações adotadas em diversos casos de uso ao longo das fases do ciclo de vida de um projeto de engenharia. Baseado nesses resultados, a tese descreve a especificação e avaliação de um novo sistema 4D para planejamento da construção que supere várias limitações de trabalhos anteriores. Colaboradores de engenharia utilizaram o software para revisar os planos reais de construção de uma planta industrial de Óleo e Gás. As ferramentas de visualização desenvolvidas tornaram evidente incertezas no cronograma, conflitos de espaço de trabalho e outros problemas de construtibilidade. A tese contribui para pesquisas em BIM com importantes recomendações de visualização e também contribui para pesquisas de VIS ao trazer à tona desafios interessantes em um domínio de engenharia cada vez mais relevante.
Large-scale engineering projects such as buildings and city infrastructure require millions in investments and tight coordination between expert teams across several years of design, construction, and operation. To tackle these challenges, the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is actively developing methods and tools based on Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM promotes the use of 3D CAD models as a centralized database for all physical and functional characteristics of a facility and its related project/life-cycle information. The inherent complexity of a BIM model offers a critical visualization challenge: how to best display relevant information required by different engineering analyses? This work contributes to answering this question through both theoretical and practical approaches. The thesis first presents a systematic literature review on the current state of information visualization (VIS) in BIM research. The review analyzes in detail currently employed visualizations in diverse use cases across an engineering projects life cycle. Based on these findings, the thesis describes the design and evaluation of a novel 4D construction planning system that overcomes many limitations of previous work. Engineering collaborators used the software to review the real-world construction plans of an Oil and Gas industrial plant. The developed visualizations made evident schedule uncertainties, workspace conflicts and other constructability issues. The thesis contributes to BIM research with important visualization guidelines and also contributes to VIS research by raising awareness to interesting challenges in a increasingly relevant engineering domain.
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Karasu, T. (Taha). "Integration mechanisms in large Turkish and Finnish projects". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805301955.

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Large construction projects are conducted in complex and uncertain climate by multiple stakeholders with varied expertise which increased the popularity of integration management particularly in 21st century. The main objective of the thesis is to find ways to improve integration capability in case projects. The study is pursued by both theoretical and empirical analysis. Literature was reviewed in order to provide solid theoretical background. Furthermore, questionnaire was formulated based on literature, and semi-structured interviews were conducted for the sake of data collection. Then, collected data was analysed and synthesised with theoretical background. Three research questions were defined and guided the study in order to accomplish the main objective: 1. How can integration mechanisms be analyzed in the context of large projects? 2. What is the current state of the use of integration mechanisms in Finnish and Turkish large projects? 3. How to improve integration in Finnish and Turkish large projects? Collaborative contracting is presented as one of the key concepts that influence integration endeavour of a project along with effectual stakeholder management. Withal, integration mechanisms were figured out to be means to improve integration capacity in construction business. Integration mechanisms are classified as formal, lateral, social and information and communication technologies. One case project from Finland and two case projects in Turkey are analysed and it is inferred that Finnish project that use project alliance as project procurement form has superiority regarding integration comparing with other traditional Turkish projects. It is justified once more that relational project delivery arrangements and lean tools -when acquired with lean ideology- pave the way for integration capability. Moreover, effective stakeholder management and gauging integration capacity in relation with integration requirements have great influence on improving integration in case projects. The results of the thesis provide data about difference between relational and traditional projects in different countries, data about readiness of integration in Finland and Turkey and suggest ways to improve integration. Therefore, future studies about improvement on integration can exploit this master’s thesis.
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Mohd, Yunus Mohd Zulkifli. "Geospatial data management throughout large area civil engineering projects". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360241.

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Fineman, Milijana. "Improved risk analysis for large projects : Bayesian networks approach". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1300.

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Generally risk is seen as an abstract concept which is difficult to measure. In this thesis, we consider quantification in the broader sense by measuring risk in the context of large projects. By improved risk measurement, it may be possible to identify and control risks in such a way that the project is completed successfully in spite of the risks. This thesis considers the trade-offs that may be made in project risk management, specifically time, cost and quality. The main objective is to provide a model which addresses the real problems and questions that project managers encounter, such as: • If I can afford only minimal resources, how much quality is it possible to achieve? • What resources do I need in order to achieve the highest quality possible? • If I have limited resources and I want the highest quality, how much functionality do I need to lose? We propose the use of a causal risk framework that is an improvement on the traditional modelling approaches, such as the risk register approach, and therefore contributes to better decision making. The approach is based on Bayesian Networks (BNs). BNs provide a framework for causal modelling and offer a potential solution to some of the classical modelling problems. Researchers have recently attempted to build BN models that incorporate relationships between time, cost, quality, functionality and various process variables. This thesis analyses such BN models and as part of a new validation study identifies their strengths and weaknesses. BNs have shown considerable promise in addressing the aforementioned problems, but previous BN models have not directly solved the trade-off problem. Major weaknesses are that they do not allow sensible risk event measurement and they do not allow full trade-off analysis. The main hypothesis is that it is possible to build BN models that overcome these limitations without compromising their basic philosophy.
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Kang, Jihun 1971. "Valuing flexibilities in large-scale real estate development projects". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26739.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-150).
This thesis aims to develop a set of strategic tools for real estate development projects. The conventional tools such as the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method fail to incorporate dynamics of real estate development processes. As a result, their application to real world situation is quite limited. Two methods are introduced to deal with this inadequacy of the DCF method. Decision Tree Analysis (DTA) employs a management science approach to analyze flexibilities and corresponding strategies from management decision making perspective. Real Options Analysis (ROA) aims to apply theories of valuing financial derivatives to real assets and it allows investors to quantitatively analyze flexibilities. Each technique has advantages and shortcomings and should only be used for appropriate situations. DTA is suited for analyses of project specific risks that are not directly related to the overall market. ROA is a superior tool when risks are originated from the uncertainties of markets. Applying both tools in practice requires rather simplified assumptions, and it is crucial to understand them to make the analyses meaningful. The thesis finds that incorporating flexibilities in decision making into an analysis is especially important for large-scale and multi-phase projects. The DCF method treats the later phase projects as if they are fully committed at the present time. This assumption of full commitment is rarely the case in the real world practice, and as a result, the DCF method systematically undervalues future phases in multi-phase projects. The case study of New Songdo City reveals that the value of flexibility is a critical factor for the analyses of large scale projects, especially when there is a lot of market uncertainties involved. Based on the conventional DCF method, New Songdo City has a hugely negative NPV and should not be pursued. However, the ROA and the DTA approaches show that it has a potential for creating enormous value by incorporating flexibilities of the project.
by Jihun Kang.
S.M.
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Staudenmayer, Nancy A. (Nancy Ann). "Managing multiple interdependencies in large scale software development projects". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10357.

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Magnusson, Evelina, e Moa Westlund. "Measuring Performance in Large Scale Agile Software Development Projects". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300388.

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The increased usage and need for software as part of products has challenged traditional project management, nevertheless for hardware heavy organisations that are used to rely on the linear prediction and tracking of project outcomes. The developments in projects with embedded systems have countless dependencies and almost impossible to predict. Literature shows that software development projects have problems meeting the initial goals of budget, time, and scope. This is discovered too late due to insufficient methods of tracking progress. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how large agile software development projects can continuously be followed to evaluate their performance and meet initial customer agreements fixed in time, budget, and scope. The thesis was conducted at Saab, active in the defense and security industry. This qualitative exploratory study was conducted with semistructured interviews and focus group discussions at the case company Saab, benchmark interviews with two additional companies, and an extensive literature study. The issues with the existing tracking approach were explored to determine how progress tracking may be created to continuously measure progress and indicate if project goals will be accomplished or not. The more general challenges in software development were also investigated to provide knowledge about areas in need of additional metrics which could indicate the problem and mitigate it. One industry-specific challenge is the security aspect that is unavoidable and requires a lot of documentation that holds up the development activities. Other detected challenges were difficulties in understanding requirements that lead to faulty estimations and work in the wrong direction, undiscovered dependencies that lead to a lot of rework and waiting for additional parts, insufficient testing environments that lead to late feedback, and holds up the development. It was also visible that the projects were conducted with different management approaches and no best-proven practice existed for tracking performance. From an analysis of the empirical data and existing literature, a suggestion of method tracking design was developed for large agile software projects with fixed contracts. The models were proposed to allow flexibility, enable control, and provide a holistic view. As Saab intends to introduce Earned Value Management in their software projects, this method was complemented with COMOD, TRL, IRL, and SRL to provide these three characteristics. Transparency and visibility of both products and processes are also found to be key to project success, thus additional metrics to increase visibility in projects are suggested to enable efficient project leading.
Den ökade användningen och behovet av mjukvara har utmanat traditionell projektledning, speciellt för hårdvaruorganisationer som är vana att kunna förlita sig på den linjära utvecklingen av ett projek. Utvecklingen av projekt som inkluderar inbyggda system med otaliga beroenden är nästan omöjliga att förutsäga. Litteratur visar att mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt har problem att nå de ursprungliga målen för budget, tid och omfattning. Detta upptäcks för sent på grund av otillräckliga metoder för att mäta framsteg i projekt. Detta examensarbete genomfördes som en fallstudie på Saab, aktiv inom försvar- och säkerhetssektorn. Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att utvärdera hur projektledning för stora agila mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt kontinuerligt kan följa utvecklingen för att möta de ursprungliga kundavtalen som är fastställda i tid, budget och omfattning. Denna kvalitativa undersökningsstudie genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer och fokusgrupp intervjuer på företaget Saab, benchmarking intervjuer med ytterligare två företag och en omfattande litteraturstudie. För att utvärdera hur en metod för utvärdering av projektstatus ska utformas för att i tid ange om projektmålen inte kommer att uppnås, undersöktes utmaningarna med mjukvaruutveckling och därifrån har möjliga mätvärden och metoder för att mildra eller upptäcka dessa problem utvärderats. Några av de upptäckta problemen verkar överlappa flera industrier medan andra verkar vara mer specifika för just militär- och försvarsindustrin. En branschspecifik utmaning är säkerhetsaspekten som är oundviklig och kräver mycket dokumentation som stannar upp utvecklingsaktiviteterna. Andra upptäckta utmaningar var svårigheter att förstå krav som leder till felaktiga uppskattningar och arbete i fel riktning, oupptäckta beroenden som leder till mycket omarbetning och väntande på ytterligare delar, otillräckliga testmiljöer som leder till sen feedback och håller upp utvecklingen. Stora skillnader i de metoder som idag tillämpas från projektledning i dessa projekt var synligt under projektet, vilket indikerar på att det idag inte finns någon accepteras bästa metod i uppföjlning. Från analys av samlad empirisk data samt befintlig litteratur utvecklades ett förslag på hur en metod för uppföljning av stora agila mjukvaruprojekt skulle kunna se ut. Design på föreslagen modell skulle möjliggöra flexibilitet och kontroll samt förmedla ett helhetsperpektiv. Eftersom Saab avser att introducera Earned Value Management i sina mjukvaruprojekt kompletterades denna metod med COMOD, TRL, IRL och SRL för att få dessa tre egenskaper. Öppenhet och synlighet för både produkt och process visar sig också vara nyckeln till framgång i projektutveckling, vilket är möjligt med ytterligare mått för att öka synligheten i projektet.
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Jalkenäs, Frida. "Evaluation tool for large scale onshore wind power projects". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264261.

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Sweden has a goal of having 100% renewable electricity production by 2040. To reach this goal, wind power is one of the most important energy sources that needs to be heavily expanded. However, finding a good project site and realizing a project is a process that takes several years and can be difficult to achieve. Between 2015 and 2018, no less than 76% of Swedish wind power projects applying for permits were rejected. As an industry player with the aim of becoming fossil free, Pöyry has the interest to pursue Sweden reaching its goal. Pöyry has long experience of wind energy development and has now requested a method that can evaluate and compare Swedish wind power projects in all stages with the aim of identifying the best available project to proceed with. The objective of this thesis is thus to investigate factors that are critical for developing profitable projects, identify the largest expenses and create a tool that evaluates projects based on several parameters. A literature review is performed to obtain knowledge about wind power project development and data is collected from various projects in Sweden from 2016 and onwards to get an updated view with information and valuable numbers from realized projects. An analysis is then carried out with the aim of finding the most important factors that can affect the development of wind power projects, positively or negatively. This is followed by an identification of the most significant expenses in a project, whereupon a simplified but realistic way of calculating these are created. Lastly an evaluation tool is developed using Excel, with the purpose of evaluating projects, finding risks and estimating costs as well as electric energy production. Finally, candidate projects can be compared, helping developers finding the most beneficial and environmentally friendly projects.
Sverige har som mål att ha 100% förnyelsebar elproduktion till 2040. För att nå detta mål är vindkraft en av de viktigaste källorna till energiproduktion och måste därmed expandera de kommande åren. Att hitta ett bra projektområde och fullfölja ett projekt är en process som tar flera år och kan i många fall vara svårt att uppnå. Av alla svenska projekt som ansökte om tillstånd mellan 2015 och 2018, fick 76% avslag. Med inriktningen att bidra till ett fossilfritt Sverige är Pöyry en aktör inom industrin som vill hjälpa Sverige att nå detta mål. Företaget har lång erfarenhet av vindkraftsutveckling och har nu efterfrågat en metod som kan utvärdera och jämföra svenska vindkraftsprojekt i alla dess olika stadier med syfte att identifiera de bästa projekten att jobba vidare med. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därmed att undersöka faktorer som är kritiska för projektutvecklingen, identifiera de största kostnaderna samt skapa ett verktyg som utvärderar projekt utifrån flertalet faktorer. För ett erhålla kunskap om utveckling av vindkraftsprojekt utförs en litteraturstudie, varpå projektdata från 2016 och framåt samlas in för att få en uppdaterad bild med värdefull information och siffror från realiserade projekt. Därefter utförs en analys med syfte att hitta de faktorer som har störst påverkan, negativ som positiv, på utveckling och uppbyggnad av vindkraftsprojekt. Därpå identifieras de största utgifterna i ett projekt och en förenklad men realistisk beräkningsmodell skapas för att uppskatta dessa. Slutligen utvecklas ett verktyg i Excel som utvärderar projekt, hittar risker samt uppskattar kostnader och energiproduktion, vars syfte är att hjälpa projektörer att jämföra projekt och därmed hitta det mest kostnadseffektiva och hållbara alternativet.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Medium and large projects"

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Occardi, Valerio D. A computer capacity planning model for medium to large scale software development projects. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, School of Information Sciences, 1990.

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2

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. The development of medium to large industrial development projects: Current trends, issues and policies : a memorandum. London: The Institution, 1985.

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Facility, Global Environment, e United Nations Environment Programme. GEF Coordination Office., eds. UNEP's GEF medium-sized projects. [Nairobi]: United Nations Environment Programme, GEF Coordination Office, 2000.

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4

ill, Bogacki Tomasz, ed. Small, medium, large. New York: Star Bright Books, 2011.

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5

Rem, Koolhaas, Mau Bruce, Sigler Jennifer, Werlemann Hans e Office for Metropolitan Architecture, eds. Small, medium, large, extra-large. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers, 1995.

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6

Betsy, Kruger, e Association of Research Libraries. Office of Leadership and Management Services., eds. Managing large projects. Washington, D.C: Association of Research Libraries, Office of Leadership and Management Services, 2005.

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7

Oldenburg, Claes. Large-scale projects. London: Thames and Hudson, 1995.

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8

Rakos, John J. Software projectmanagement: For small to medium sized projects. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.

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9

Kostka, Genia, e Jobst Fiedler, eds. Large Infrastructure Projects in Germany. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29233-5.

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Fox, J. Ronald. Challenges in managing large projects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Acquisition University Press, 2005.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Medium and large projects"

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Shi, Jintao, e Zhijiang Chen. "Research on Existing Bridges Rapid Load-Lifting Technology with UHPC in Highways Reconstruction and Expansion Projects". In Novel Technology and Whole-Process Management in Prefabricated Building, 33–47. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5108-2_3.

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AbstractThere are a large number of small and medium-span bridges in the highway reconstruction and expansion projects. These bridges have been used for at least 20 years. Due to the design according to the old code the ultimate bearing capacity is generally insufficient after the reconstruction and expansion. This paper selects hollow-core slab bridges that account for more than 80% of the reconstruction and expansion projects as the research object, carefully evaluates the specific reasons for the insufficient bearing capacity of small and medium-span bridges, designs a plan for rapid loading-lifting of existing bridges, and uses theoretical analysis. Then, the comprehensive method of finite element calculation analyzes and studies on the reinforced bridge’s bearing capacity. The research shows that the existing small and medium-span bridges in the reconstruction and expansion project are mainly manifested by insufficient shear-bearing capacity after the load is improved. Using the bridge deck to add the UHPC cast-in-place layer (participating in the structural internal force) can effectively improve the existing old bridge Shear resistance capacity, and UHPC cast-in-situ layer shear reinforcement efficiency is much greater than that of ordinary concrete.
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Mao, Huaidong, Mingwen Hu e Ying Li. "Preliminary Study on the Cost Control in Medium and Large-Sized Construction Project". In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 413–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24820-7_65.

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Tembo, C. K., A. Kanyembo, F. Muleya e K. Kajimo-Shakantu. "Investigation of cost management factors influencing poor cost performance on large to medium sized projects in the construction industry". In Smart and Resilient Infrastructure For Emerging Economies: Perspectives on Building Better, 213–21. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003435648-24.

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Layton, Peter. "Evolution Not Revolution: Defence AI in Australia". In Contributions to Security and Defence Studies, 581–603. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58649-1_26.

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AbstractMiddle power Australia has an active defence Artificial Intelligence (AI) program underway with a well-defined innovation pathway and numerous experimentation projects. The Australian Defence Force sees AI mainly being used in human–machine teams to improve efficiency, increase combat power, achieve decision superiority, and lower risks to combat personnel. The major equipment acquisition plan for the next two decades sets out six AI-relevant projects: one navy, one army, three air force and one in the information and cyber domain. Associated with this investment is a high expectation that Australian AI companies will have considerable involvement in the projects. The Australian defence AI sector, though, consists mainly of small and medium-sized companies that may need to partner with large prime contractors to achieve the requisite industrial heft. There are also wider national concerns about whether Australia will have a large enough AI workforce over the next decade to handle both commercial and defence demands. Accordingly, Australia is involved with collaborative AI developments with the United States including the “loyal wingman” fast jet drone, autonomous submarines and surface vessels, and robot land vehicles. Current defence AI plans will most likely lead to evolutionary improvements not revolutionary changes. AI is envisaged as being used to either enhance, augment, or replace existing capability. This approach means the future ADF will do things better, but it won’t necessarily be able to do better things.
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Gbode, Imoleayo E., Vincent O. Ajayi, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, Jimy Dudhia e Changhai Liu. "Impacts of Global Warming on West African Monsoon Rainfall". In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2469–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_93.

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AbstractThe impacts of global warming on rainfall in West Africa were examined using a numerical framework for 5 monsoon years (2001, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011). Rainfall characteristics over the three climatic zones, Guinea coast, Savannah, and Sahel, were analyzed. The potential changes associated with global warming were assessed by the pseudo-global warming (PGW) downscaling method. Multiple PGW runs were conducted using climate perturbation from the 40-member ensemble of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) coupled with Community Atmospheric Model version 5.2 (CAM5.2) component large ensemble project. The model output was compared with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Global Precipitation Climatology Project rainfall alongside surface temperature from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Reanalysis. Results show that the estimated rainfall amount from the future climate in the 2070s increases slightly compared with the current climate. The total rainfall amount simulated for the current climate is 16% and 63% less than that of the PGW runs and observations, respectively. Also found is an increase (decrease) in heavy (light and moderate) rainfall amount in the PGW runs. These results are, however, contingent on the global circulation model (GCM), which provides the boundary conditions of the regional climate model. CESM1.0-CAM5.2, the GCM employed in this study, tends to provide a greater surface temperature change of about 4 °C. This projected temperature change consequently caused the increase in the simulated precipitation in the PGW experiments, thus highlighting the advantage of using the PGW method to estimate the likely difference between the present and future climate with reduced large-scale model differences and computational resources. The findings of this study are, however, useful to inform decision-making in climate-related activities and guide the design of climate change adaptation projects for the West African region.
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Tran, Thierry, Adebayo Abass, Luis Alejandro Taborda Andrade, Arnaud Chapuis, Marcelo Precoppe, Laurent Adinsi, Alexandre Bouniol et al. "Cost-Effective Cassava Processing: Case Study of Small-Scale Flash-Dryer Reengineering". In Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations, 105–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92022-7_4.

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AbstractThe development and scaling out of flash-dryer innovations for more efficient, small-scale production of high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) and starch is described. The diagnoses of cassava-processing SMEs (small and medium enterprises) revealed their energy expenditures for drying were considerably higher than those of large-scale industrial companies, which was mostly due to suboptimal design of flash-drying systems. As a result, small-scale production of cassava starch and HQCF often incurs high production costs, incompatible with market prices of final products. Taking stock of this situation, RTB scientists have developed several innovations to optimize energy efficiency and costs, including a longer drying pipe, reengineered heat exchanger, larger blower for higher air velocity, and a higher product/air ratio. This was based on numerical modelling to determine the key design features of energy-efficient flash dryers, followed by construction and demonstration of a pilot-scale prototype. As a result, improved small-scale flash dryers are now being scaled out to the private sector in various countries, using the Scaling Readiness framework and achieving 10–15% gains in productivity and incomes. A method for diagnosis of process efficiency is also described, to identify technical bottlenecks and to document and measure the outcomes and impacts during the implementation of scaling-out projects.
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Zuckerman, Paul. "Funding Large Projects: Private Money for Large Projects". In BIEC Yearbook 1989–1990, 130–36. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11350-7_17.

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Peer, S., R. Peer e W. Jaschke. "Large PACS projects". In Digital (R)Evolution in Radiology, 73–80. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3707-9_10.

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Choiński, Mateusz, Mateusz Rogowski, Piotr Tynecki, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Marcin Churski e Jakub W. Bubnicki. "A First Step Towards Automated Species Recognition from Camera Trap Images of Mammals Using AI in a European Temperate Forest". In Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management, 299–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_24.

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AbstractCamera traps are used worldwide to monitor wildlife. Despite the increasing availability of Deep Learning (DL) models, the effective usage of this technology to support wildlife monitoring is limited. This is mainly due to the complexity of DL technology and high computing requirements. This paper presents the implementation of the light-weight and state-of-the-art YOLOv5 architecture for automated labeling of camera trap images of mammals in the Białowieża Forest (BF), Poland. The camera trapping data were organized and harmonized using TRAPPER software, an open-source application for managing large-scale wildlife monitoring projects. The proposed image recognition pipeline achieved an average accuracy of 85% F1-score in the identification of the 12 most commonly occurring medium-size and large mammal species in BF, using a limited set of training and testing data (a total of 2659 images with animals).Based on the preliminary results, we have concluded that the YOLOv5 object detection and classification model is a fine and promising DL solution after the adoption of the transfer learning technique. It can be efficiently plugged in via an API into existing web-based camera trapping data processing platforms such as e.g. TRAPPER system. Since TRAPPER is already used to manage and classify (manually) camera trapping datasets by many research groups in Europe, the implementation of AI-based automated species classification will significantly speed up the data processing workflow and thus better support data-driven wildlife monitoring and conservation. Moreover, YOLOv5 has been proven to perform well on edge devices, which may open a new chapter in animal population monitoring in real-time directly from camera trap devices.
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Caron, Franco. "Large Engineering Projects Strategy". In Managing the Continuum: Certainty, Uncertainty, Unpredictability in Large Engineering Projects, 7–10. Milano: Springer Milan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5244-4_2.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Medium and large projects"

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Sun, Yufeng, e Xun He. "Research on countermeasure and management situation for large and medium biogas projects of China". In 2013 International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isme133723.

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Poltie, Brian M., Emmanuel S. Udoh e Luis F. Luna-Reyes. "Understanding Smart City Projects and Priorities across Large, Medium and Small Cities in the United States". In dg.o '20: The 21st Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3396956.3397867.

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Chinda, Thanwadee. "Investigation of Safe Behaviors in Small, Medium, and Large Food Companies in Thailand". In International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management. Association of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32738/ceppm.201109.0022.

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Bin, Li, e Cui Tiening. "The research on product market of the large and medium-sized methane project". In 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6067717.

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Place, Trevor, Greg Sasaki, Colin Cathrea e Michael Holm. "Pressure Test Planning to Prevent Internal Corrosion by Residual Fluids". In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90308.

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Strength and leak testing (AKA ‘hydrotesting’, and ‘pressure testing’) of pipeline projects remains a primary method of providing quality assurance on new pipeline construction, and for validating structural integrity of the as-built pipeline [1][2][3]. A myriad of regulations surround these activities to ensure soundness of the pipeline, security of the environment during and after the pressure testing operation, as well as personnel safety during these activities. CAN/CSA Z662-11 now includes important clauses to ensure that the pipeline designer/builder/operator consider the potential corrosive impacts of the pressure test media [4]. This paper briefly discusses some of the standard approaches used in the pipeline industry to address internal corrosion caused by pressure test mediums — which often vary according to the scope of the pipeline project (small versus large diameter, short versus very long pipelines) — as well as the rationale behind these different approaches. Case studies are presented to highlight the importance of considering pressure test medium corrosiveness. A practical strategy addressing the needs of long-distance transmission pipeline operators, involving a post-hydrotest inhibitor rinse, is presented.
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Turner, M., K. Gutteridge, D. Thiele e C. Welbourn. "Experiences with implementing multi-user database platforms to increase quality and efficiency of management and communications on large and medium size infrastructure projects". In 8th International Conference on Railway Engineering (ICRE 2018). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2018.0061.

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Liu, T., R. Ahmadi-Naghadeh, R. M. Buckley, R. A. McAdam, R. J. Jardine, K. Vinck, S. Kontoe e B. W. Byrne. "Cyclic Characterisation of Low-to-Medium Density Chalk for Offshore Driven Pile Design". In Innovative Geotechnologies for Energy Transition. Society for Underwater Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3723/hopx5443.

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Project-specific advanced laboratory testing is employed increasingly frequently in site investigations for major offshore projects. Such testing needs to focus on characterising properties under in-situ conditions, while also catering for the effects of foundation installation and subsequent service conditions, including cyclic loading. Low-to-medium density chalk, a variable soft biomicrite, can be de-structured to soft paste under dynamic percussion or large-strain repetitive shearing, posing significant challenges and uncertainties for driven pile design. This paper draws on key outcomes from undrained cyclic triaxial test programmes on both intact chalk and dynamically de-structured (putty) chalk. The cyclic response of intact chalk resembles the fatigue behaviour of hard rocks and develops little sign of damage before sharp pore pressure reductions and brittle collapse occurs. In contrast, fully de-structured chalk develops both contractive and dilative phases, as seen with silts. The associated effective stress reductions vary systematically with the number of cycles and cyclic stress ratio. A laboratory-based global axial cyclic predictive method is proposed from the experiments and employed to predict the outcomes of field axial cyclic loading pile tests. The research provides the basis for robust cyclic design guidance for piles driven in low-to-medium density chalk.
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Shrestha, Rakish, Joseph A. Ronevich, Lisa Fring, Kevin Simmons, Noah D. Meeks, Zachary E. Lowe, Timothy J. Harris e Chris San Marchi. "Compatibility of Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE) for Distribution of Gaseous Hydrogen". In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84791.

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Abstract Numerous projects are looking into distributing blends of natural gas and different amounts of gaseous hydrogen through the existing natural gas distribution system, which is widely composed of medium density polyethylene (MDPE) line pipes. The mechanical behavior of MDPE with hydrogen is not well understood; therefore, the effect of gaseous H2 on the mechanical properties of MDPE needs to be examined. In the current study, we investigate the effects of gaseous H2 on fatigue life and fracture resistance of MDPE in the presence of 3.4 MPa gaseous H2. Fatigue life tests were also conducted at a pressure of 21 MPa to investigate the effect of gas pressure on the fatigue behavior of MDPE. Results showed that the presence of gaseous H2 did not degrade the fatigue life nor the fracture resistance of MDPE. Additionally, based on the value of fracture resistance calculated, a failure assessment diagram was constructed to determine the applicability of using MDPE pipeline for distribution of gaseous H2. Even in the presence of a large internal crack, the failure assessment evaluation indicated that the MDPE pipes lie within the safe region under typical service conditions of natural gas distribution pipeline system.
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Жуков, О. В. "Modern challenges of economic development of Arctic oil and gas projects". In II Международная научно-практическая конференция "Глобальные вызовы и научные инициативы". Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26118/4632.2024.78.17.009.

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Развитие энергетических проектов в Арктике является одной из приоритетных государственных задач. В недрах региона расположено множество полезных ископаемых, включая запасы углеводородного сырья. Уникальные и крупные месторождения природного газа сосредоточены в пределах территорий и акваторий Арктики и являются стратегической основой для реализации крупномасштабных проектов, в том числе проектов по производству сжиженного природного газа. Учитывая реальные мощности Северного морского пути и возможности сырьевой базы поставка энергетических ресурсов может быть реализована на два крупнейших рынка потребления СПГ: азиатско-тихоокеанский и европейский. Ввиду повышающего спроса на этот вид энергетического сырья и в целях обеспечения энергетической и экономической безопасности страны в среднесрочной и долгосрочной перспективах требуется развитие новых производственных мощностей по сжижению природного газа, расположение которых целесообразно рассматривать в границах арктического региона. The development of energy projects in the Arctic is one of the priorities of the state. There are many minerals in the bowels of the region, including hydrocarbon reserves. Unique and large natural gas deposits are concentrated within the territories and waters of the Arctic and are the strategic basis for the implementation of large-scale projects, including projects for the production of liquefied natural gas. Taking into account the real capacities of the Northern Sea Route and the possibilities of the raw material base, the supply of energy resources can be realized in the two largest LNG consumption markets: Asia-Pacific and European. Due to the increasing demand for this type of energy raw materials and in order to ensure the energy and economic security of the country in the medium and long term, it is necessary to develop new production facilities for liquefied natural gas, the location of which should be considered within the boundaries of the Arctic region.
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Boarin, Sara, e Marco E. Ricotti. "Cost and Profitability Analysis of Modular SMRs in Different Deployment Scenarios". In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75741.

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The loss of economies of scale affects Small and Medium sized Reactors’ (SMRs) overnight construction costs, as compared to Large Reactors (LRs) and is particularly burdensome to the financial performance of a capital intensive project as a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). Nevertheless, multiple SMRs projects have factors that mitigate the loss of economies of scale. Furthermore, by exploiting investment scalability, SMRs are able to limit the capital investment and to self-finance the construction of later units with operating cash flow from early deployed units. In our forecasted scenarios, SMRs lower profitability for the shareholders may be counterbalanced by savings in Equity capital investment, as compared to LR. This reduces sunk costs and investment risk of SMRs project under uncertain market conditions, in a “merchant plant” scenario where business profitability is as valuable as business risk.
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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Medium and large projects"

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Marcos Morezuelas, Paloma. Gender and Renewable Energy: Wind, Solar, Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy. Inter-American Development Bank, novembro de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003068.

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This document focuses on how to incorporate a gender perspective in operations that support the construction, operation and maintenance of medium- and large-scale renewable wind, solar, geothermal and hydroelectric energy installations connected to the grid for purposes of power generation. Additionally, there is also a section on rural energy that is applicable to small installations and mini-grids, or to exceptional cases where medium- and large-scale facilities provide electricity to a community. The document (i) identifies the possible gender equality challenges and opportunities as part of the project assessment, (ii) highlights the risks and potentially negative impacts of the project on gender equality, (iii) offers recommendations for addressing, preventing and mitigating challenges and for maximizing opportunities; and (iv) presents examples of programs that have taken into account gender differences or risks. In addition, the document includes (v) key questions for analyzing gender issues in renewable energy projects, and (vi) examples of indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of operations in the renewable energy sector.
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Tassitano, Jim, Daniel Olsen, Charles Mitchell e Bryan Willson. GRI-03-0083 NO2 Emissions from 2SC Large Bore Natural Gas Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), dezembro de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011537.

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NO2 emissions data from previous EECL projects on a large bore, slow speed, two-stroke lean burn engine is reanalyzed, looking at the effect of engine variables on the formation of NO2. Included are variations of operating conditions, fuel delivery, and ignition systems. By looking at the emission trends found in the data, techniques may be proposed for the reduction of NO2 emissions. An investigation into the effectiveness of catalysts on NO2 emissions is performed using data taken from previous testing on a medium bore, high speed, four-stroke lean burn engine. A summation of the current understanding of NO2 formation is also included. This is done through a thorough literature review. A chemical kinetics study was carried out through the use of the Chemkin 3.7 program suite. Kinetics simulations were performed to analyze EECL data and locate possible sources of NO2 in the engine.
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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti e Muhammad Razin Abdullah. Leveraging the Potential of Crowdfunding for Financing Renewable Energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.002.

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• Renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia usually have IRR between 10% and 15% and PP around 6 to 30 years • Attractive return usually could be found in large scale RE projects, although there are numerous other factors involved including technology developments, capacity scale, power purchasing price agreements, project locations, as well as interest rates and applied incentives. • Crowdfunding (CF) has big potential to contribute to the financing of RE projects especially financing small scale RE projects. • P2P lending usually targeted short-term loans with high interest rates. Therefore, it cannot be employed as an alternative financing for RE projects in Indonesia. • Three types of CF that can be employed as an alternative for RE project funding in Indonesia. Namely, securities, reward, and donation-based CF. In addition, hybrid models such as securities-reward and reward-donation could also be explored according to the project profitability. • Several benefits offer by securities crowdfunding (SCF) compared to conventional banking and P2P lending, as follows: (1) issuer do not need to pledge assets as collateral; (2) do not require to pay instalment each month; (3) issuer share risks with investors with no obligation to cover the investor’s loss; (4) applicable for micro, small, medium, enterprises (MSMEs) with no complex requirements; and (5) there is possibility to attract investors with bring specific value. • Several challenges that need to be tackled such as the uncertainty of RE regulations; (1) issuer’s inability in managing the system and business; (2) the absence of third parties in bridging between CF platform and potential issuer from RE project owner; (3) the lack of financial literacy of the potential funders; and (4) lastly the inadequacy of study regarding potential funders in escalating the RE utilisation in Indonesia.
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Kim, Changmo, Ghazan Khan, Brent Nguyen e Emily L. Hoang. Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Materials’ Unit Prices for Future Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, dezembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1806.

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The main objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in primary pavement materials’ unit price over time and to develop statistical models and guidelines for using predictive unit prices of pavement materials instead of uniform unit prices in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects. Various socio-economic data were collected for the past 20 years (1997–2018) in California, including oil price, population, government expenditure in transportation, vehicle registration, and other key variables, in order to identify factors affecting pavement materials’ unit price. Additionally, the unit price records of the popular pavement materials were categorized by project size (small, medium, large, and extra-large). The critical variables were chosen after identifying their correlations, and the future values of each variable were predicted through time-series analysis. Multiple regression models using selected socio-economic variables were developed to predict the future values of pavement materials’ unit price. A case study was used to compare the results between the uniform unit prices in the current LCCA procedures and the unit prices predicted in this study. In LCCA, long-term prediction involves uncertainties due to unexpected economic trends and industrial demand and supply conditions. Economic recessions and a global pandemic are examples of unexpected events which can have a significant influence on variations in material unit prices and project costs. Nevertheless, the data-driven scientific approach as described in this research reduces risk caused by such uncertainties and enables reasonable predictions for the future. The statistical models developed to predict the future unit prices of the pavement materials through this research can be implemented to enhance the current LCCA procedure and predict more realistic unit prices and project costs for the future M&R activities, thus promoting the most cost-effective alternative in LCCA.
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Weeks, Timothy "Dash". DTPH56-13-X-000013 Modern High-Toughness Steels for Fracture Propagation and Arrest Assessment-Phase II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), setembro de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012037.

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NIST work developed processes to identify the stress/strain/crack velocity conditions for unstable high-rate ductile crack propagation found in a full-scale pipeline burst test and duplicate those conditions in a medium-scale test. With modeling to validate conditions and assumptions used in reducing the scale of the tests. A medium-scale test to elucidate material property data necessary to qualify high-strength high-toughness steels based on the correlation to large-scale tests. Parametric determination of the material properties governing fracture propagation or arrest-ability was developed. This will assist researchers to determine a relevant and effective small-scale test (or tests) that provides enough information for material selection, design, reliability, as well as integrity and risk assessment. Pipe evaluated includes API5L X70 and X80 pipe. The strain was measured by a three-dimensional digital image correlation system. This project takes a phased approach with complementary research in successive phases beginning with a road map to systematically fill gaps in knowledge and understanding of the problem of unstable high-rate ductile running failures in pipelines. This report is structured to highlight the problem statement with respect to the current state of the art understanding, define knowledge gaps and present the plan, and progress toward meeting the objective. The following sections specifically cover the effort to develop and inform a constitutive material model necessary for the structural model of the medium-scale test. The material testing required to inform the constitutive material model is presented. Conclusions of this phase of the project are also presented in addition to the proposed work in Phase III of the project.
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Hammouti, A., S. Larmagnat, C. Rivard e D. Pham Van Bang. Use of CT-scan images to build geomaterial 3D pore network representation in preparation for numerical simulations of fluid flow and heat transfer, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331502.

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Non-intrusive techniques such as medical CT-Scan or micro-CT allow the definition of 3D connected pore networks in porous materials, such as sedimentary rocks or concrete. The definition of these networks is a key step towards the evaluation of fluid flow and heat transfer in energy resource (e.g., hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs) and CO2 sequestration research projects. As material heterogeneities play a role at all scales (from micro- to project-scale), numerical models represent a powerful tool for bridging the gap between small-scale measurements provided by X-ray imaging techniques and larger-scale transport properties. This study uses pre-existing medical CT-scan datasets of reference material, namely glass beads and conventional reservoir rocks (Berea sandstone, Boise sandstone, Indiana limestone) to extract the 3D geometry of connected pores using an open-source software (Spam). Pore networks from rock samples were generated from dry and then saturated samples. Binarized datasets were produced for these materials (generated by a thresholding technique) to obtain pore size distribution and tortuosity, as well as preferential paths for fluid flow. Average porosities were also calculated for comparison with those obtained by conventional commercial laboratory techniques. The results obtained show that this approach works well for medium and coarse-grained materials that do not contain a large percentage of fine particles. However, this approach does not allow representative networks to be obtained for fine-grained rocks, due to the fact that small pores (or pore throats) cannot be taken into account in the datasets obtained from the medical CT-Scan. A next step, using datasets produced from a micro- CT scan, is planned in order to be able to generate representative networks in this type of material as well.
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Berzins, Valdis, e Salah Badr. Robust Scheduling for Large Projects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, dezembro de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada279753.

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OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT WASHINGTON DC. International Partnerships in Large Science Projects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, julho de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada336675.

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Leveque, E., M. Zarea, R. Batisse e P. Roovers. IPC-BST-R01 Burst Strength of Gouges in Low Toughness Gas Transmission Pipes. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), setembro de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011781.

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EPRG research aimed at establishing a limit on the toughness value that separates toughness-dependent from toughness-independent failure behavior. More specifically, one objective is to evaluate the toughness-dependent Battelle formula for burst resistance of gouges for (very) low toughness values. This mainly experimental project checks this behavior on several gas transmission pipes, a small diameter one, 150 mm, a medium diameter one, 350 mm, and a large diameter one, 900 mm. Pipe material is carefully characterized in terms of tensile properties, Charpy energy, and shear area. Then, based on the toughness independent criterion, a set of gouges is defined, of different depths/lengths, so as to span the different regions of the criterion, covering both short and long defects. These defects are manufactured by spark erosion, resulting in thin slits. Each such slit is incorporated into a vessel that is submitted to a burst test, with a number of additional measurements, like strain gauges on the pipe surface, a clip gauge et the center of the defect. For the small and medium sized pipes, temperature is also controlled during the test, to ensure it is as low as practically feasible, without heavy infrastructure. The results are interpreted both in terms of comparison with the criteria, and also in terms of analysis of the failure surface, to identify failure mechanisms.
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Gambill, Daniel, Matthew Stoklosa, Sean Matus, Heidi Howard e Garrett Feezor. White Sands Missile Range Thurgood Canyon watershed : analysis of Range Road 7 for development of best management practices and recommendations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), setembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45622.

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Thurgood Canyon, located on White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), contains an alluvial fan that is bisected by a primary installation road and is in the proximity of sensitive fish habitats. This project was initiated to determine if and how sensitive fish habitats at the base of the fan are impacted by the existing drainage infrastructure and to assess the condition and sustainability of the existing transportation infrastructure. Findings show that the current drainage infrastructure maintains flow energy and sediment carrying capacity further down the fan than would occur in its absence. However, frequent to moderately rare (small to medium) flood events dissipate over 2 km from sensitive habitat, and overland flow and sediment do not reach the base of the fan. Controlled flow diversion is recommended upstream of the road to mitigate infrastructure or habitat impacts during very rare (very large) flood events. A comprehensive operation and management approach is presented to achieve sustainable transportation infrastructure and reduce the likelihood of impacts to the sensitive habitat.
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